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Seo HS, Kim JH, Kim SH, Park MK, Seong NW, Kang GH, Kim JS, Kim SH, Kim JC, Moon C. Toxicity of a 90-day repeated oral dose of a collagen peptide derived from skate ( Raja kenojei) skin: a rat model study. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:383-398. [PMID: 37398561 PMCID: PMC10313617 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen peptides are widely employed as therapeutic materials due to their numerous beneficial properties, including for the following uses: antiaging, antioxidant applications, antibacterial applications, wound healing, tissue engineering, medication delivery, and cosmetics. Although collagen peptides are useful in these applications, to our knowledge, few published studies have been undertaken on their repeated-dose toxicity. We evaluated the possible subchronic toxicity of a collagen peptide derived from skate (Raja kenojei) skin (CPSS) in Sprague-Dawley rats by administering repeated oral doses over 90 days. Rats of both sexes were assigned randomly to one of four experimental groups, respectively receiving 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/day of CPSS. At all doses tested, repeated oral CPSS administration had no treatment-related adverse effects in terms of clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, detailed clinical observation, sensory reactivity, functional assessment, urinalysis, ophthalmic examination, gross pathology, hematology, serum biochemistry, hormone analysis, organ weight, and histopathology. Even though there were some alterations in hematologic parameters, serum biochemistry parameters, organ weight, and histopathological findings, these did not follow a dose-response pattern and were within historical limits for control rats. The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the CPSS was 2000 mg/kg/day for both male and female rats in the applied experimental circumstances, and no target organs were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung-Sik Seo
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Kim
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Park
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Won Seong
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joong-Sun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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Zhou P, Pan Y, Yuan B, Zhou J, Jiang J. Organ distribution of Nano-WC particles after repeated intratracheal instillation into the lungs of SD rats and subsequent organ injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 653:38-46. [PMID: 36857898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Nano-tungsten carbide (nano-WC) is widely used in composite materials due to its special physical and chemical properties. Owing to their small size, nano-WC nanoparticles easily enter organisms through the respiratory tract, which may cause health hazards. However, only a few studies have reported the toxicity of nano-WC. In this study, a 10 mg/kg nano-WC suspension and 0.9% normal saline were quantitatively perfused into the lungs of two groups of healthy male SD rats by tracheal instillation, and the in vivo pulmonary toxic effects were systematically evaluated. Additionally, as multiple organs and tissues are involved, systemic effects were observed throughout the body and mainly manifested as inflammatory damage. The concentrations of tungsten ions in various organs and alveolar lavage fluid were measured by ICP-MS, and the results showed that the lung was the target organ, as it had the highest concentration of ions. In addition, the abnormal increases in the tungsten ion concentrations in the liver and kidney may be closely related to the immune damage we observed. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the systematic evaluation of the health hazards of nano-WC and a reference for the safe use of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Pan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Beilei Yuan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiyuan Zhou
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
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Ma W, Huang Z, Cui J, Boré A, Chen G, Qiao Z, Fellner J. Inhalation health risk assessment of incineration and landfill in the Bohai Rim, China. Chemosphere 2023; 314:137588. [PMID: 36584833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An inhalation health risks assessment of 96 waste to energy (WtE) plants and 178 landfills in the Bohai Rim, located in northeast China, has been conducted. Based on the latest emission inventories in 2020, WRF/CALPUFF was used to simulate the diffusion of pollutants. Population-weighted hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of incineration and landfill for each pollutant and each target organ impacted were calculated. The health risks of incineration and landfill were correlated with per capita municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal quantity, emission factors, pollutant toxic effects and local migration and diffusion conditions. The HI of incineration and landfill in the Bohai Rim were 4.07 × 10-3 and 4.79 × 10-3, respectively, which was lower than the acceptable level (HI < 1), while the CR of incineration and landfill were 4.72 × 10-7 and 2.58 × 10-7, respectively, which was also lower than the acceptable level (CR < 1 × 10-6). The non-carcinogenic risks of incineration mainly targeted respiratory system and development system, while the non-carcinogenic risks of landfill mainly targeted nervous system and respiratory system. The carcinogenic risks of incineration mainly targeted respiratory system and digestive system, while the carcinogenic risks of landfill mainly targeted hepatic system and respiratory system. With the trend that incineration phase in, while landfill phase out, the number of patients for 15 target organ diseases caused by the disposal of unit mass MSW would decrease in the Bohai Rim, ranging from 1.8 × 10-8 - 1.8 × 10-2 (pop/t),especially in developed provinces, such as Beijing and Tianjin. However, the number of patients for 4 target organ diseases caused by the disposal of unit mass MSW would increase, ranging from 1.18 × 10-6 - 5.28 × 10-3 (pop/t). Based on pollutants' pathogenic mechanisms, this study innovatively accessed and compared incineration and landfill's health risks of target organs, and provide technical and policy suggestions based on the changing trend of MSW disposal methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhuoshi Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jicui Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Abdoulaye Boré
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Johann Fellner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resource, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Austria; Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Austria
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Park SH, Lim JO, Kim WI, Park SW, Lee SJ, Shin IS, Moon C, Kim JH, Heo JD, Kim JC. Subchronic Toxicity Evaluation of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles in Rats Following 28-Day Repeated Oral Administration. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3215-3226. [PMID: 34535882 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several studies on the potential adverse effects of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) have reported conflicting results. The present study investigated the potential adverse effects of Al2O3NPs in Sprague-Dawley rats following 28-day repeated oral administration. In addition, we aimed to determine the target organ and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of Al2O3NPs. Al2O3NPs was administered once daily by gavage to male and female rats at dose levels of 0, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. There were no treatment-related adverse effects as indicated by the clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, ophthalmology, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross pathology, organ weight, and histopathology at all the tested doses. Under the experimental conditions of the present study, 28-day repeated oral administration of Al2O3NPs at doses of up to 1000 mg/kg/day did not induce any treatment-related systemic toxicity in male and female rats. The NOAEL of Al2O3NPs was set at 1000 mg/kg/day in both male and female rats and no target organs were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyeuk Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Oh Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hein Kim
- Bioenvironmental Science & Technology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gyeongnam, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Bioenvironmental Science & Technology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gyeongnam, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Schmitz-Feuerhake I, Frentzel-Beyme R, Wolff R. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas and ionizing radiation: case report and review of the literature. Ann Hematol 2021. [PMID: 34881390 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) increased continuously since the last century in developed countries. While they are considered as disease in elder ages, a remarkable increasing incidence is also observed in German children and juveniles. The higher rates are interpreted by the changes in classification because diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were also identified as NHL. Considerable rates of NHL were found in nuclear workers and liquidators of Chernobyl, i.e. in cases of low-dose chronical exposures. In Germany, we noticed three workers who developed NHL after decontamination of nuclear facilities. The bone marrow is generally considered as target organ for ionizing radiation, but NHL is obviously induced in the whole pool of lymphocytes. Therefore, the dosimetry in cases of typical occupational external and internal exposure must be revised. A high radiation sensitivity for NHL is a possible suspect and likely reason which may partly explain the continuous rise of the diseases in populations underlying the current increases of medical diagnostic exposure. NHL is also induced in children and juveniles with a history of diagnostic X-rays.
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Huang X, Yang S, Li B, Wang A, Li H, Li X, Luo J, Liu F, Mu W. Comparative toxicity of multiple exposure routes of pyraclostrobin in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Sci Total Environ 2021; 777:145957. [PMID: 33676221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin, one of the most widely used fungicides globally, is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, which restricts its application in paddy fields. Most studies have focused on the molecular mechanism of pyraclostrobin toxicity; however, the exposure routes and target organs of pyraclostrobin in fish are poorly known. Here, we found that the lethal effects of aquatic exposure, head immersion, trunk immersion and oral exposure on the toxicity and accumulation of pyraclostrobin in adult zebrafish were different. The major pathway leading to pyraclostrobin accumulation, followed by high hazard to fish, was crossing over the gill rather than the intestine or skin. Additionally, serious histological abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency and respiratory impairment occurred in the gills, while no overt change was observed in the heart and brain at the organic and cellular levels. This result suggested that the gill is the dominant portal and target organ of pyraclostrobin in fish, a fact that has been further verified by intravenous injection. The differences in the toxicity and translocation factor of crystalline and dissolved pyraclostrobin in fish demonstrated that reducing the concentration in the branchial environment is a vital direction for the future design of an effective toxicity regulation strategy to protect key sites from pyraclostrobin attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Song Yang
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Beixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiuhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Lim JH, Park MK, Baek HS, Lim JO, Moon C, Shin IS, Kim JC. Evaluation of 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity of SUNACTIVE Zn-P240 in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 125:105001. [PMID: 34242707 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the potential toxicity of repeated oral dose of SUNACTIVE Zn-P240, a new type of zinc supplement, in Sprague-Dawley rats. SUNACTIVE Zn-P240 was administered once daily by gavage at doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day for each group over a 28-day period. At 2000 mg/kg/day, there were increases in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase, liver weight, histopathological changes in stomach, liver, and pancreas and decreases in body weight, food consumption, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total protein (TP), and albumin. At 1000 mg/kg/day, there was an increase in the serum ALP level and there were decreases in the MCV, MCH, and TP. There were no treatment-related adverse effects in the 500 mg/kg/day group. Under the present experimental conditions, the target organs in rats were determined to be the stomach, pancreas, liver, and erythrocyte and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in rats was considered to be 500 mg/kg/day.
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Cha SB, Li Y, Bae JS, Song SW, Lee IC, Kim JC. Evaluation of 13-week subchronic toxicity of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. root extract in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 267:113621. [PMID: 33246125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Platycodi radix is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. However, data on safety of Platycodi radix are insufficient. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to evaluate the potential subchronic toxicity of Platycodi radix water extract through a 13-week repeated oral dose experiment in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male and 40 female rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: three treatment groups receiving 300, 1000, and 3000 mg/kg/day of Platycodi radix water extract and a vehicle control group receiving sterile distilled water for 13 weeks. RESULTS Repeated oral administration of the Platycodi radix water extract to rats resulted in an increased incidence of centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy in the liver, diffuse follicular cell hypertrophy in the thyroid gland, and squamous hyperplasia of the limiting ridge in the stomach at dose levels of ≥500 mg/kg/day of both genders. However, these findings are considered be adaptive non-adverse changes because these findings were observed without organ weight change or clinical pathology alterations. No treatment-related effects on clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, and organ weights were observed at any dose tested. CONCLUSION Under the present experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of the Platycodi radix water extract was considered to be ≥ 3000 mg/kg/day in rats, and no target organs were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Cha
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinghua Li
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Sook Bae
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162, Republic of Korea.
| | - Si-Whan Song
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Cha SB, Kim HS, Bae JS, Song SW, Lim JO, Kim JC. A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of a Dioscorea Rhizome water extract in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 120:104844. [PMID: 33359266 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dioscorea Rhizome is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat asthma, diarrhea, cough, bronchitis, spermatorrhea, leukorrhea, and rheumatoid arthritis. This study investigated the potential subchronic toxicity of a D. Rhizome water extract (DRWE) after repeated oral administration at 0, 800, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg/day in rats for 13 weeks. During the study period, clinical signs, mortality, body weight, food consumption, water consumption, urinalysis, ophthalmoscopy, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology were examined. The 13-week repeated oral administration of DRWE to rats resulted in an increased incidence of zona glomerulosa hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the adrenal gland at dose levels of ≥2000 mg/kg/day in both sexes. However, these findings are considered as non-adverse adaptive changes because of minimal histological changes in the lesions, which were not accompanied by any corresponding alterations in serum electrolytes and adrenal gland weight. No treatment-related adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, and organ weights were observed at any dose tested. Under the present experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of the DRWE was considered to be 5000 mg/kg/day in both sexes, and no target organs were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Cha
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Soo Kim
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Bae
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Whan Song
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Oh Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Hypertension is a common problem, particularly in older cats. Hypertension secondary to a concurrent disease is the most common form of hypertension in cats, particularly in association with chronic kidney disease or hyperthyroidism. However, idiopathic hypertension may account for up to 24% of cases. Any form of persistent hypertension risks target organ damage (TOD), therefore measurement of blood pressure is vital in at-risk cats to identify occult hypertension before TOD occurs. This article addresses when and how to perform blood pressure measurement in cats, TOD that has been documented in this species, and our evidence basis for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Geddes
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
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Kim H, Baek KW, Ko EJ, Luan NT, Lim Y, Roh HJ, Kim N, Kim DH, Kim A, Choi YH, Kim S, Kim HS, Ock MS, Cha HJ. Genome based quantification of VHSV in multiple organs of infected olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) using real-time PCR. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:773-777. [PMID: 32449064 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a serious viral disease that infects the olive flounder in South Korea. The Korean aquaculture industry experienced an economic loss caused by the high infectivity and mortality. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the infection density of VHSV in various organs of the olive flounder including spleen, liver, kidney, stomach, esophagus, intestine, gill, muscle, heart, and brain. Olive flounders were collected from a local fish farm and injected subcutaneously with 106 PFU/fish. METHODS Each 15 fish were sampled at 0, 3, and 7 days post challenge (dpc), respectively, to perform quantitative analysis of VHSV using SYBR-green based real-time PCR in various tissues including spleen, liver, head-kidney, body-kidney, muscle, esophagus, stomach, intestine, gill, and brain. RESULTS Organs infected with VHSV were obtained after 3 and 7 days. Each organs were examined for viral infection using real-time PCR. The data obtained from this experiment revealed copy numbers higher than 10 copies per 100 ng cDNA in the spleen (15.26 ± 3.11 copies/100 ng of cDNA), muscle (11.24 ± 2.25 copies), and gill (14.23 ± 6.26 copies), but lower in liver, head-kidney, body-kidney, esophagus, brain and stomach. CONCLUSION The present study, together with previous data, demonstrated that the gill, spleen, and muscle are the major target organs of VHSV in olive flounder. Therefore, central monitoring of spleen, gill and muscle should be considered and might be necessary if anti-VHSV treatment is to be successful in infected olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, S. Korea, 34, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-703, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Baek
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, S. Korea, 34, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-703, South Korea
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Ko
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, S. Korea, 34, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-703, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Thanh Luan
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Lim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heyong Jin Roh
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nameun Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahran Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics, and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Sun Ock
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, S. Korea, 34, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-703, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, S. Korea, 34, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-703, South Korea.
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Kim H, Baek KW, Kim A, Luan NT, Lim Y, Roh HJ, Kim N, Kim DH, Choi YH, Kim S, Kim HS, Ock MS, Cha HJ. Genome based quantification of Miamiensis avidus in multiple organs of infected olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by real-time PCR. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:567-572. [PMID: 30828763 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Miamiensis avidus is the major parasitic pathogen affecting the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that M. avidus infections are becoming increasingly severe and frequent in the olive flounder farming industry. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the infection density of M. avidus in various organs of the olive flounder including spleen, liver, kidney, stomach, esophagus, intestine, gill, muscle, heart, and brain. Olive flounders were collected from a local fish farm. METHODS Each fish was injected subcutaneously with 2.75 × 103 CFU M. avidus/ fish. Organs infected with M. avidus were obtained after 7 and 25 days. Each organ was examined for parasitic infection using real-time PCR. The primers were designed according to the sequences of 28 s in M. avidus, which was used as a target gene. RESULTS Each organ was examined for parasitic infection using real-time PCR. The primers were designed according to the sequences of 28 s in M. avidus, which was used as a target gene. The levels of 28 s rRNA were used to calculate quantitative gene copy number. Real-time PCR of brain (60.58 ± 38.41), heart (64.03 ± 62.40), muscle (6.10 ± 3.12), gill (5.06 ± 4.56), intestine (2.38 ± 1.69), esophagus (4.22 ± 3.72), stomach (3.25 ± 2.68), kidney (0.81 ± 0.15), liver (0.63 ± 0.15), and spleen (11.18 ± 4.08) was performed at 3 days post-infection. At 7 days post-infection, heart (754.15 ± 160.85), brain (247.90 ± 62.91), spleen (38.81 ± 17.52), liver (7.47 ± 4.54), kidney (10.90 ± 3.41), stomach (19.50 ± 8.86), esophagus (39.37 ± 14.10), intestine (17.54 ± 12.63), gill (38.27 ± 20.20), and muscle (33.62 ± 15.07) were measured. CONCLUSION The present study, together with previous data, demonstrated that the gill, intestine, and brain are the major target organs of M. avidus in olive flounder. However, this does not mean that tiny amounts of DNA extracted from those tissues of fish during the early stages of infection can guarantee successful detection and/or quantification of M. avidus. Our data suggest that the brain might be the best organ for detection in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, 34, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Baek
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, 34, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-703, Republic of Korea.,Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahran Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thanh Luan
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Lim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heyong Jin Roh
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nameun Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Sun Ock
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, 34, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, 34, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-703, Republic of Korea.
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Seong NW, Seo HS, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Kim E, Lee JY, Ko JW, Kim JC. A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of an Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 226:1-10. [PMID: 30048729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica leaf is widely used in traditional medicine, and exhibits various beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. However, limited data are available on the potential adverse effects of E. japonica. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the potential subchronic toxicity of an E. japonica leaf extract (EJE) through a 13-week repeated oral dose experiment in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male and 40 female rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: three treatment groups receiving 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day of EJE and a vehicle control group receiving sterile distilled water for 13 weeks. RESULTS Repeated oral administration of EJE for 13 weeks did not cause any treatment-related adverse effects with respect to clinical symptoms, body weight, food and water consumption, urinalysis, ophthalmology, necropsy findings, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, and histopathological examination at any dose tested. Although some changes were observed in clinical symptoms, organ weight, hematology, and histopathology, these findings did not show a dose-response relationship and were within normal historical ranges for control rats. CONCLUSION Under the present experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of EJE was > 1000 mg/kg/day in both sexes and no target organs were identified. The results suggest that the EJE is a safe traditional medicine for clinical applications at proper dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nak-Won Seong
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 12-67 Sandan-gil, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58141, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Seo
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 12-67 Sandan-gil, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Kim
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 12-67 Sandan-gil, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Kim
- Korea INS Pharm Research Institute, 72 Dongnonggong-gil, Dong-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58143, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kim
- Korea INS Pharm Research Institute, 72 Dongnonggong-gil, Dong-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58143, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yeol Lee
- Korea INS Pharm Research Institute, 72 Dongnonggong-gil, Dong-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58143, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YS, Chung YH, Seo DS, Choi HS, Lim CH. Twenty-Eight-Day Repeated Inhalation Toxicity Study of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol Res 2018; 34:343-354. [PMID: 30370009 PMCID: PMC6195878 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2018.34.3.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) are among the most widely used nanomaterials; however, relatively little information about their risk identification and assessment is available. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential toxicity of Al2O3 NPs following repeated inhalation exposure in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were exposed to Al2O3 NPs for 28 days (5 days/week) at doses of 0, 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/m3 using a nose-only inhalation system. During the experimental period, we evaluated the clinical signs, body weight change, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, necropsy findings, organ weight, and histopathology findings. Additionally, we analyzed the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), including differential leukocyte counts, and aluminum contents in the major organs and blood. Aluminum contents were the highest in lung tissues and showed a dose-dependent relationship in the exposure group. Histopathology showed alveolar macrophage accumulation in the lungs of rats in the 5 mg/m3 group during exposure and recovery. These changes tended to increase at the end of the recovery period. In the BALF analysis, total cell and neutrophil counts and lactate dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels significantly increased in the 1 and 5 mg/m3 groups during exposure. Under the present experimental conditions, we suggested that the no-observed-adverse-effect level of Al2O3 NPs in male rats was 1 mg/m3, and the target organ was the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Kim
- Chemical Research Bureau, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Chung
- Chemical Research Bureau, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Seo
- Chemical Research Bureau, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sung Choi
- Chemical Research Bureau, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Lim
- Chemical Research Bureau, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Daejeon, Korea
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Li XF, Dong HL, Huang XY, Qiu YF, Wang HJ, Deng YQ, Zhang NN, Ye Q, Zhao H, Liu ZY, Fan H, An XP, Sun SH, Gao B, Fa YZ, Tong YG, Zhang FC, Gao GF, Cao WC, Shi PY, Qin CF. Characterization of a 2016 Clinical Isolate of Zika Virus in Non-human Primates. EBioMedicine 2016; 12:170-177. [PMID: 27693104 PMCID: PMC5078627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are critical to understand disease and to develop countermeasures for the ongoing epidemics of Zika virus (ZIKV). Here we report a non-human primate model using a 2016 contemporary clinical isolate of ZIKV. Upon subcutaneous inoculation, rhesus macaques developed fever and viremia, with robust excretion of ZIKV RNA in urine, saliva, and lacrimal fluid. Necropsy of two infected animals revealed that systematic infections involving central nervous system and visceral organs were established at the acute phrase. ZIKV initially targeted the intestinal tracts, spleen, and parotid glands, and retained in spleen and lymph nodes till 10days post infection. ZIKV-specific immune responses were readily induced in all inoculated animals. The non-human primate model described here provides a valuable platform to study ZIKV pathogenesis and to evaluate vaccine and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hao-Long Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xing-Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ye-Feng Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Na-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Guangxi Medical University, Xining 530021, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shi-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Fa
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yi-Gang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Fu-Chun Zhang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Guangxi Medical University, Xining 530021, China.
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Kawamura Y, Hayashi H, Masumura K, Numazawa S, Nohmi T. Genotoxicity of phenacetin in the kidney and liver of Sprague-Dawley gpt delta transgenic rats in 26-week and 52-week repeated-dose studies. Toxicology 2014; 324:10-7. [PMID: 25047350 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic rat mutation assays can be used to assess genotoxic properties of chemicals in target organs for carcinogenicity. Mutations in transgenes are genetically neutral and accumulate during a treatment period; thus, assays are suitable for assessing the genotoxic risk of chemicals using a repeated-dose treatment paradigm. However, only a limited number of such studies have been conducted. To examine the utility of transgenic rat assays in repeated-dose studies, we fed male and female Sprague-Dawley gpt delta rats with a 0.5% phenacetin-containing diet for 26 and 52 weeks. A long-term feeding of phenacetin is known to induce renal cancer in rats. Phenacetin administration for 52 weeks in males significantly increased gpt (point mutations) mutant frequency (MF) in the kidney, the target organ of carcinogenesis. In the liver, the nontarget organ of carcinogenesis, gpt MFs were significantly elevated in phenacetin treatment groups of both genders during 26- and 52-week treatments. Furthermore, sensitive to P2 interference (Spi(-)deletions) MF increased in the liver of both genders following 52-week treatment. MFs were higher after treatment for 52 weeks than after treatment for 26 weeks. Frequencies of phenacetin-induced mutations were higher in the liver than in the kidney, suggesting that the intensity of genotoxicity does not necessarily correlate with the induction of tumor formation. Results from gpt delta rat assays of repeated-dose treatments are extremely useful to elucidate the relationship between gene mutations and carcinogenesis in the target organ induced by cancer-causing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kawamura
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. 760 Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-8567, Japan; Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Research Planning & Management, R&D Planning & Management Department, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. 2-4-16 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8002, Japan
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Numazawa
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Choi JS, Lee YJ, Kim TH, Lim HJ, Ahn MY, Kwack SJ, Kang TS, Park KL, Lee J, Kim ND, Jeong TC, Kim SG, Jeong HG, Lee BM, Kim HS. Molecular Mechanism of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)-induced Target Organ Toxicity in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats. Toxicol Res 2013; 27:61-70. [PMID: 24278553 PMCID: PMC3834367 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2011.27.2.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are present in many consumer products ranging from fabrics to plastics and electronics. Wide use of flame retardants can pose an environmental hazard, which makes it important to determine the mechanism of their toxicity. In the present study, dose-dependent toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a flame retardant, was examined in male prepubertal rats (postnatal day 18) treated orally with TBBPA at 0, 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg for 30 days. There were no differences in body weight gain between the control and TBBPA-treated groups. However, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly increased in high dose of TBBPA-treated groups. TBBPA treatment led to significant induction of CYP2B1 and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) expression in the liver. In addition, serum thyroxin (T4) concentration was significantly reduced in the TBBPA treated group. These results indicate that repeated exposure to TBBPA induces drug-metabolising enzymes in rats through the CAR signaling pathway. In particular, TBBPA efficiently produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through CYP2B1 induction in rats. We measured 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in the kidney, liver and testes of rats following TBBPA treatment. As expected, TBBPA strongly induced the production of 8-OHdG in the testis and kidney. These observations suggest that TBBPA-induced target organ toxicity may be due to ROS produced by metabolism of TBBPA in Sprague- Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeung-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
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