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Javadizadeh E, Oudshoorn A, Letts L, Barbic S, Shanoff C, Marshall CA. Participatory Research with Persons who Experience Mental Illness in Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review. Can J Occup Ther 2024; 91:203-221. [PMID: 38240309 PMCID: PMC11088223 DOI: 10.1177/00084174231212760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Background. Persons who experience mental illness also face stigma and discrimination that frequently lead to a loss of ability to exercise autonomy and agency in their lives. Purpose. The range and breadth of literature exploring participatory research with persons living with mental illness are unknown in occupational therapy and occupation science. We initiated this study to fill this gap in the existing occupational therapy and occupational science literature. Method. Using the method of Arksey and O'Malley, we have conducted a scoping review to identify the range and breadth of literature. A qualitative content analysis was performed. Findings. A total of 34 articles were included in the narrative synthesis. The content analysis led to three related themes from the included studies: (1) coming together; (2) unique potential of participatory research; and (3) challenges in conducting participatory research. Conclusions. This review highlights that participatory research is well suited to research conducted with persons living with mental illness to support meaningful engagement and minimize stigma throughout the research process. This review can guide future participatory research and practice in occupational therapy and occupational science with persons living with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Javadizadeh
- Elham Javadizadeh, Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Elborn College, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Matousian N, Otto K. How to measure mental illness stigma at work: development and validation of the workplace mental illness stigma scale. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1225838. [PMID: 37502810 PMCID: PMC10369081 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1225838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study objective was to design a new theoretically driven multidimensional scale for the use in the empirical measurement of stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with mental illness within the return-to-work process as this integral part of vocational reintegration has been widely neglected by scholars so far. Methods Therefore, we developed and validated a 21-item instrument to comprehensively measure the three-factorial structure of stigmatizing attitudes (affect, cognition, behavior) across two studies (overall N = 251). Results In both studies the new scale proved to be highly internally consistent, and its proposed three-factor structure was equally supported across the two studies. Convergent and discriminant validity were demonstrated by moderate and high correlations or zero correlations with pertinent measures. Furthermore, construct validity of the new scale was supported by significant positive associations with relevant personality characteristics within stigma research. Discussion The WMISS is the first instrument to measure mental health stigma specifically within the return-to-work-process and demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Inclusion of this scale in future research can help facilitate understanding of mental illness stigma within the occupational sector and assist with targeted intervention development.
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Sammells E, Logan A, Sheppard L. Participant Outcomes and Facilitator Experiences Following a Community Living Skills Program for Adult Mental Health Consumers. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:428-438. [PMID: 36074286 PMCID: PMC9981707 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-01020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes from participating in a six-week small-group living skills program, periodically implemented over two years with twelve adult mental health consumers, are reported as a case study. Occupational therapy and recovery-oriented approaches underpinned the development and implementation of the program thus it was important that outcome measures aligned with these perspectives. Data were gathered pre and post program using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Life Skills Profile-16 (LSP-16) in each iteration of the program. Two occupational therapy program facilitators were interviewed about their experience of running the program and using these measurement tools. COPM occupational performance (p = 0.001) and COPM satisfaction (p = 0.004) scores indicated significant change at post-program whereas the LSP-16 total and subscale scores did not (p = 0.132 for total scores). Facilitator insights into the experience of implementing the living skills program and the perceived alignment of the COPM and LSP-16 with recovery-oriented practice are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Sammells
- Occupational Therapist, BOccThy (HONS), Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra Logan
- Occupational Therapy Senior Lecturer, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Loretta Sheppard
- Occupational Therapy, Deputy Head, School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Røssvoll TB, Hanssen TA, Rosenvinge JH, Liabo K, Pettersen G. Patient and Public Involvement in Occupational Therapy Health Research: A Scoping Review. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2023; 43:119-126. [PMID: 35549479 PMCID: PMC9729968 DOI: 10.1177/15394492221096058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research has the potential to improve research validity and relevance. OBJECTIVES To explore how PPI has been carried out and how its impacts have been reported in occupational therapy (OT) health research. METHODOLOGY Scoping review based on a search in four databases for OT research with descriptions of PPI, published between 2010 and 2020. RESULTS Across the 17 included studies PPI was reported in all stages of research. Descriptions of how PPI was carried out varied across the studies, and details with respect to the kind of approach used were lacking. Positive impacts on research design, research ethics, public collaborators and researchers were reported, but only anecdotally. Reflections and challenges related to PPI were also addressed. IMPLICATIONS In future studies, comprehensiveness and consistency is needed to document the diversity of how PPI is carried out in OT health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toril Beate Røssvoll
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Toril Beate Røssvoll, Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Elliott M, Reuter JC. The Benefits and Challenges of Employment for Working Professionals Diagnosed with Mental Illness. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:645-656. [PMID: 34244866 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore how professional employment impacts mental health among people with mental illness, and how having a mental illness impacts job performance, both positively and negatively. The research is based on in-depth interview data from 56 professionals diagnosed with mental illness, and the interview transcripts are analyzed in accordance with the flexible coding model of qualitative data analysis. We find that working conditions of professional jobs pose challenges to managing symptoms of mental illness, including the pressures of responsibility and exposure to secondary trauma. However, professional employment also provides benefits such as social connections and feeling accountable. Similarly, symptoms cause problems at work like having angry outbursts, yet experience with mental illness informs job performance such as by increasing empathy with others. We use these findings to recommend new directions for research and argue for inclusion of people with mental illness in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Elliott
- University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Mail Stop 300, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Jordan C Reuter
- University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Mail Stop 300, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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Edan V, Sellick K, Ainsworth S, Alvarez-Varquez S, Johnson B, Smale K, Randall R, Roper C. Employed but not included: the case of consumer-workers in mental health care services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2020.1863248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Edan
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kathryn Sellick
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Susan Ainsworth
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Management and Marketing, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Susie Alvarez-Varquez
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Brendan Johnson
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Krystyn Smale
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rory Randall
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cath Roper
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Hennekam S, Follmer K, Beatty JE. The paradox of mental illness and employment: a person-job fit lens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2020.1867618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hennekam
- Management Department, Audencia Business School, Nantes, France
| | - Kayla Follmer
- John Chambers College of Business & Economics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Joy E. Beatty
- College of Business, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
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Reed NP, Josephsson S, Alsaker S. A narrative study of mental health recovery: exploring unique, open-ended and collective processes. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2020; 15:1747252. [PMID: 32249712 PMCID: PMC7170373 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2020.1747252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Guided by narrative theory and by use of a narrative-in-action approach, the aim of this study was to explore how mental health recovery unfolds through individuals’ engagement in everyday activities. Method: Data were created through participant observations with four individuals while doing everyday activities, and analysed through a narrative, interpretive approach. Findings: The findings show how mental health recovery involves unique and open-ended processes of narrative meaning-making, which unfold through an interplay between everyday activities, places and persons. Discussion: Based on these findings, we discuss how we may understand and support mental health recovery as collective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Petersen Reed
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Staffan Josephsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sissel Alsaker
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Porter S, Bejerholm U. The effect of individual enabling and support on empowerment and depression severity in persons with affective disorders: outcome of a randomized control trial. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:259-267. [PMID: 29382250 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1432685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of Individual Enabling and Support (IES) on empowerment and depression severity as compared to Traditional Vocational Rehabilitation (TVR) in people with affective disorders at 12 months follow-up. Additionally, longitudinal changes within the intervention groups and the correlation over time between empowerment and depression severity were evaluated. METHOD A single-blind randomized controlled trial of two intervention groups, IES (n = 33) and TVR (n = 28), was performed with measurement points at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Individuals with affective disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder diagnoses were included. The Empowerment Scale and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Self-Rating Scale were administered, and Intention-To-Treat analysis was applied. The study was registered with the trial number ISRCTN93470551. RESULT There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention groups on empowerment and depression severity at 12 months. Within-group analysis showed that IES-participants increased their perceived empowerment and decreased their depression severity between measurement points, this was not seen among TVR-participants. A moderate, inverse relationship was detected between empowerment and depression. CONCLUSION IES is more effective in increasing empowerment and decreasing depression severity after a 12-month intervention than is TVR. This study was limited by a small sample size and larger trials in different contexts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Porter
- a Department of Health Sciences, Mental Health Activity and Participation Medical Faculty , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ulrika Bejerholm
- a Department of Health Sciences, Mental Health Activity and Participation Medical Faculty , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Johanson S, Markström U, Bejerholm U. Enabling the return-to-work process among people with affective disorders: A multiple-case study. Scand J Occup Ther 2017; 26:205-218. [PMID: 29078724 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2017.1396356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Individual Enabling and Support (IES) model is an adapted, supported employment program developed to meet motivational, cognitive and time-use needs of people with affective disorders. Vocational programs for this target group have been developed but more knowledge is needed about the important characteristics and perceived usefulness of the programs. The aim of this study was to illustrate the IES model and process from multiple perspectives. METHODS Five participants were included in this multiple-case study. The material comprised interviews with participants, intervention documents, memos and interviews with employment specialists. Within and cross-case analyzes and an analytical generalization were performed. RESULTS The cases illustrated different IES processes, and the theme; Enabling engagement in return to work (RTW) was formulated. Continuous support from the employment specialist and a focus on personal resources and motivation were essential to overcome low self-confidence regarding RTW. Motivational, cognitive and time-use strategies gave an opportunity to learn new behavior and coping strategies for job seeking, getting employed and working. CONCLUSION Providing a combination of these strategies integrated with supported employment could promote self-efficacy and engagement in the RTW process among people on sick leave due to an affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Johanson
- a Department of Health Sciences/Mental Health, Activity and Participation, Medical Faculty , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Urban Markström
- b Department of Social Work , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Ulrika Bejerholm
- a Department of Health Sciences/Mental Health, Activity and Participation, Medical Faculty , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Johanson S, Bejerholm U. The role of empowerment and quality of life in depression severity among unemployed people with affective disorders receiving mental healthcare. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:1807-1813. [PMID: 27684543 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1211758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sick leave and unemployment are highly prevalent among people with affective disorders. Their depression severity is disabling and inversely related to having employment. No evidence-based vocational rehabilitation exists for this target group. Knowledge is therefore needed to understand the psychosocial factors that affect depression severity in order to develop new rehabilitation interventions. This study examined relationships between depression severity and empowerment, working life aspirations, occupational engagement, and quality of life in unemployed people with affective disorders receiving mental healthcare. METHOD In this cross-sectional study of 61 participants, instruments on psychosocial factors and questions on descriptive sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were administered. Descriptive, correlation, and regression statistics were applied. RESULTS Correlation and regression analyses showed significant inverse relations between depression severity and empowerment and quality of life. The odds for more severe depression decreased with higher empowerment and quality of life. However, neither extent of engagement in daily life nor working life aspiration was related to depression severity. CONCLUSIONS An empowerment approach and strategies, which support the quality of life, are needed in development of vocational rehabilitation interventions, and bridging of mental healthcare and vocational services. Implications for Rehabilitation Enhancing empowerment and quality life in the return to work process can decrease depression severity in unemployed people with affective disorder. There is a need to address work issues in addition to symptom reduction in primary and mental healthcare. Bridging the service and time gap between vocational rehabilitation and healthcare is recommended for mitigating long-term unemployment for people with affective disorders who want to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Johanson
- a Medical Faculty, Department of Health Sciences, Work and Mental Health , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ulrika Bejerholm
- a Medical Faculty, Department of Health Sciences, Work and Mental Health , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Avieli H, Mushkin P, Araten-Bergman T, Band-Winterstein T. Aging With Schizophrenia: A Lifelong Experience of Multidimensional Losses and Suffering. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2016; 30:230-6. [PMID: 26992876 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the subjective experience of suffering in aging individuals with schizophrenia. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 participants aged 60-69. Phenomenological content analysis was performed. Nine dimensions of suffering emerged: social rejection; familial rejection; the symptoms of schizophrenia; hospitalisation; the side effects of medication; loss of employment potential; loss of independent accommodation; loss of social life, and loss of hope to be a partner and a parent. The suffering of aging people with schizophrenia is cumulative and ongoing and thus evokes issues such as existential loneliness and feelings of homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Avieli
- Department of Criminology, Ariel University; Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa
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