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Quiroga AM, Colussi CL, Odetti LM, Loteste AE, Paonessa AM, Mastandrea CR, Grigolato RA, Poletta GL, Sigrist M, Fernanda Simoniello M. Evaluation of oxidative damage and genotoxicity in populations exposed to arsenic in drinking water from Santa Fe province, Argentina. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 897:503787. [PMID: 39054010 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The presence of arsenic in the environment is a public health problem. Groundwater of certain regions of Argentina contains arsenic of natural origin in concentrations that exceed the guide level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 10 µg/L). Pathologies derived from chronic arsenic consumption justify the planning of human biomonitoring. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative damage and genotoxicity and its relationship with nutritional variables in populations exposed to arsenic through drinking water in Santa Fe province, Argentina. A total of 322 participants were analyzed for arsenic in urine together with biomarkers of genotoxicity (Comet assay in blood and frequency of Micronuclei and other Nuclear Abnormalities in exfoliated buccal cells) and oxidative stress (modified Comet assay with Endonuclease III, Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity), as well as nutritional and biochemical variables. Results showed that 45 % of participants excreted arsenic in the urine. Consumption of water with arsenic, whether currently or previously, was associated with statistically significant increase of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. MN in exfoliated buccal cells serve as an early biomarker of genotoxicity and showed significant differences in the current exposed group. Biochemical results indicate dyslipidemias potentially linked to dietary choices, and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, was also noted. This study advocates risk communication to the population, educators, and health authorities, emphasizing the need for preventive health strategies and improved food education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Quiroga
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Carlina L Colussi
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Lucía M Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), CABA, Argentina
| | - Alicia E Loteste
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), CABA, Argentina
| | - Adriana M Paonessa
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Carlos R Mastandrea
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Raúl A Grigolato
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Gisela L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), CABA, Argentina
| | - Mirna Sigrist
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos, PRINARC, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2654 Piso 6, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - M Fernanda Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Mestre AP, Odetti LM, Marcó MVP, Poletta GL, Amavet PS, Siroski PA. Immuno-endocrine alterations and oxidative stress induced by commercial formulations of pesticides in the tegu lizard (Salvator merianae). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 103:104277. [PMID: 37722497 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has shown the risk of environmental contamination by pesticides in Argentina. Salvator merianae is considered as "sentinel species" for monitoring their effects. We intended to investigate growth, immunological and endocrine functions, and oxidative stress in S. merianae exposed to two commercial brands of the herbicide glyphosate: Roundup and Panzer Gold, as well as, to two insecticides: chlorpyrifos, and cypermethrin. Our results showed a higher increase in growth in animals exposed to Roundup and chlorpyrifos and a lower increase in those exposed to Panzer Gold. Higher total leukocyte and lymphocyte count values were observed in lizards exposed to Panzer Gold. The heterophils/lymphocytes ratio decreased in all treated animals. Regarding lobularity index, natural antibodies titers, and complement system activity values, lizards exposed to cypermethrin had higher values. Low corticosterone levels were observed in animals exposed to Roundup. Our results reveal different toxic effects of pesticides contributing to the knowledge of the pesticides' potential deleterious impact in the habitat of S. merianae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Mestre
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FHUC-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FHUC-UNL/MAyCC), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Lucía Magdalena Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal (FBCB-UNL), CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Parachú Marcó
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FHUC-UNL/MAyCC), Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral) UNL-CONICET, Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Gisela Laura Poletta
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FHUC-UNL/MAyCC), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal (FBCB-UNL), CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricia Susana Amavet
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FHUC-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FHUC-UNL/MAyCC), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ariel Siroski
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FHUC-UNL/MAyCC), Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral) UNL-CONICET, Esperanza, Argentina
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Pautasso NA, Poletta GL, Paravani EV, Sasal MC, Simoniello MF. DNA damage and oxidative stress in gill cells of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus exposed to pesticides by runoff source in an agricultural basin. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:187-197. [PMID: 36719131 DOI: 10.1002/em.22529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In our country, great concern exists about diffuse pollution cause by the great use of pesticides in rural environments. A thorough analysis is needed to generate information, know the real situation and thus, be able to make decisions with the purpose of reducing environmental pollution. In situ bioassays have been carried out using Cnesterodon decemmaculatus within limnocorrals located in a surface natural water system that receives rainfall excess flowing from an agricultural basin with a typical crop rotation, including corn, wheat and soy. Specimens were taken from the limnocorrals 72 h after a probed natural runoff event toward the water body, and the gill cells were used to evaluate the DNA damage (comet assay, CA), catalase enzyme activity (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). In addition, the physicochemical analysis of the water (pH, temperature) and the presence and concentration of pesticides were carried out. The results showed significant differences on DNA damage and oxidative stress on the gill cells of the exposed fish compared to controls, being the combination of the rain regime and the mixtures of pesticides used in corn and soy more toxic than in wheat. These results highlight the necessity to understand detrimental processes caused by pesticides used in extensive systems of primary production, in order to prevent and minimize diffuse contamination, contributing to environmental recovery and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisela Laura Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje el Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Valentín Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ingeniería-UNER, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | | | - María Fernanda Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje el Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Nascimento FDA, Silva DDME, Pedroso TMA, Ramos JSA, Parise MR. Farmers exposed to pesticides have almost five times more DNA damage: a meta-analysis study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:805-816. [PMID: 34342827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We carried out a meta-analytical review of possible DNA damage resulting from occupational exposure to pesticides in farmers in the scientific literature. After the search, screening, and eligibility criteria steps, we included 42 studies to analyze random effect calculation. DNA damage in farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides represents an effect of SMD 4.63 [CI 95% 3.94-5.32; p <0.001]. We observed a high heterogeneity rate between the studies and an asymmetry of the bias analysis results. We performed a meta-regression on the parameters. The Olive Tail Moment (OTM) was the most effective comet assay parameter in the evaluated studies. The Damage Index (DI) was more conservative and highlighted the variability between studies caused by distinct methodologies that showed more significant effects and greater deviations. An analysis of confounding factors demonstrated a slight DNA damage in smokers who were occupationally exposed to pesticides compared to nonsmokers, indicating genotoxicity but smaller than the pesticide effect. The present study shows the greater risk that occupationally exposed rural workers have of developing related diseases due to pesticides' genotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Araújo Nascimento
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goiás, ICB I-Room 218/228, Campus Universitário, CEP, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goiás, ICB I-Room 218/228, Campus Universitário, CEP, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Thays Millena Alves Pedroso
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goiás, ICB I-Room 218/228, Campus Universitário, CEP, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Jheneffer Sonara Aguiar Ramos
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goiás, ICB I-Room 218/228, Campus Universitário, CEP, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Michelle Rocha Parise
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goiás, ICB I-Room 218/228, Campus Universitário, CEP, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brazil
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Valencia-Quintana R, López-Durán RM, Milić M, Bonassi S, Ochoa-Ocaña MA, Uriostegui-Acosta MO, Pérez-Flores GA, Gómez-Olivares JL, Sánchez-Alarcón J. Assessment of Cytogenetic Damage and Cholinesterases' Activity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan, Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126269. [PMID: 34200547 PMCID: PMC8296030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have been considered as potential chemical mutagens; however, little is known about toxic and genotoxic effects during pesticide application in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan State in Mexico. This study sought to determine DNA damage and cholinesterase activities inhibitions in 54 agricultural workers exposed to complex mixtures of pesticides vs. control group (26 individuals) using Comet assay in peripheral whole blood, micronucleus (MN) test in oral mucosa cells, Cytokinesis-blocked MN assay in lymphocytes (L-CBMNcyt) and measuring AChE and BChE activities in whole blood and plasma samples, respectively. Exposed subjects demonstrated significantly elevated levels of primary (Comet assay: tail intensity, tail length, tail moment, Olive tail moment) and permanent DNA damage (MN assay: in blood/buccal cells; frequencies of nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis). However, inhibition of cholinesterase activities (AChE and BChE) was not observed in the workers. Confounding factors including sex, age, BMI, working exposure period, protection level, smoking habit (cigarettes per day units), alcohol consumption (weekly), medication, were considered in the analysis. These combined techniques demonstrated usefulness in the health hazards risks pesticide exposure assessment and suggested the need for periodic monitoring together with the education and the training of occupational workers for the safe application of potentially harmful pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Valencia-Quintana
- Laboratorio “Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini” de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CA Genética y Ambiente UATLX-CA 223, Red Temática de Toxicología de Plaguicidas, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico; (R.V.-Q.); (G.A.P.-F.)
| | - Rosa María López-Durán
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (R.M.L.-D.); (J.S.-A.)
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Rafaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Rafaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Ma. Antonieta Ochoa-Ocaña
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Regionales, Coordinación de Humanidades, UNAM, Jiquilpan 59510, Mexico;
| | | | - Guillermo Alejandro Pérez-Flores
- Laboratorio “Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini” de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CA Genética y Ambiente UATLX-CA 223, Red Temática de Toxicología de Plaguicidas, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico; (R.V.-Q.); (G.A.P.-F.)
| | - José Luis Gómez-Olivares
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
| | - Juana Sánchez-Alarcón
- Laboratorio “Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini” de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CA Genética y Ambiente UATLX-CA 223, Red Temática de Toxicología de Plaguicidas, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico; (R.V.-Q.); (G.A.P.-F.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.L.-D.); (J.S.-A.)
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Bernieri T, Rodrigues D, Randon Barbosa I, Perassolo MS, Grolli Ardenghi P, Basso da Silva L. Effect of pesticide exposure on total antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in Brazilian soybean farmers. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 44:170-176. [PMID: 30950301 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1566353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Farmers represent a population highly vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. Antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters have been used as biomarkers of occupational exposure to pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic and renal parameters as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) considering high and low exposure periods in soybean farmers in southern Brazil. The exposed group consisted of 50 soybean farmers. Two control groups were used, composed by 35 (Novo Hamburgo control group) and 28 (Sertão control group) subjects not exposed to pesticides. Farmers blood samples were collected during the high and low pesticide exposure periods. BChE, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), urea, and creatinine levels were determined. The FRAP assay was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential in the exposed group. Considering the exposed group, significantly lower BChE and increased AST activity were observed during high pesticide exposure period as well as higher FRAP, urea and creatinine levels; however, ALT and GGT did not differ between the two periods. When compared with the control groups, only urea and creatinine were higher in the exposed group. The present results indicate that occupational exposure to mixtures of pesticides might elicit adverse effects at the biochemical level. In addition, the study highlights the importance in considering periods of a same crop season with different degree of pesticide exposure during biologic monitoring of these biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanandra Bernieri
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Dabiana Rodrigues
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
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8
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Gomez SD, Bustos PS, Sánchez VG, Ortega MG, Guiñazú N. Trophoblast toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid and an acetamiprid-based formulation. Toxicology 2020; 431:152363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Bernieri T, Moraes MF, Ardenghi PG, Basso da Silva L. Assessment of DNA damage and cholinesterase activity in soybean farmers in southern Brazil: High versus low pesticide exposure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 55:355-360. [PMID: 31868080 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1704608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA damage in soybean growers during two agricultural periods of a crop season (high and low exposure) and a control group, as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity during these exposure periods in order to estimate the degree of BChE inhibition for the exposed group. DNA damage in peripheral whole blood was evaluated by the comet assay and plasma BChE activity was accessed as a measure of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. None of the soybean growers reported using full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). BChE was lower in high exposure period than in low exposure period and DNA damage index was significantly increased in the high exposure period than in the low exposure period. In addition, DNA damage in both exposure periods was higher than control group. No correlation was found between exposure time and DNA damage and BChE activity. However, negative correlation was observed between DNA damage in high and low exposure periods. The results indicate that soybean growers are exposed to cholinesterase inhibitors and to pesticides mixtures with genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanandra Bernieri
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Dutta S, Bahadur M. Effect of pesticide exposure on the cholinesterase activity of the occupationally exposed tea garden workers of northern part of West Bengal, India. Biomarkers 2019; 24:317-324. [PMID: 30512980 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1556342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Context: Pesticide poisoning and related deaths are a global concern, but there is little information about its effect on the occupationally exposed tea garden workers of North Bengal. Objective: This study investigates the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the blood of the tea garden workers at risk of exposure to a mixture of pesticides. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of pesticide exposed workers, non-exposed (control), smokers and alcoholics. AChE and BuChE activity was measured and tested for significance. Results: Results showed that AChE activity was half in the pesticide exposed individuals than controls (p≤ 0.001). BuChE activity was also significantly decreased in the pesticide exposed individuals than controls (p≤ 0.001), while AChE and BuChE activity in smokers and alcoholics were not different from that of controls. However, significantly decreased AChE and BuChE activities were recorded in pesticide exposed workers compared to smokers and alcoholics. Conclusions: The results indicated that the decrease in enzyme activities in tea garden workers was due to mixed pesticides (containing organophosphates) exposure. Age was not found to influence the enzyme activities. However, the gender had little effect on the enzyme activities but the effect was not so prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Dutta
- a Department of Zoology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory , University of North Bengal , Darjeeling , India
| | - Min Bahadur
- a Department of Zoology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory , University of North Bengal , Darjeeling , India
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Oxidative stress in triazine pesticide toxicity: a review of the main biomarker findings. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:109-125. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This review article provides a summary of the studies relying on oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in particular) to investigate the effects of atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure in experimental animals and humans published since 2010. In general, experimental animals showed that atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure mostly affected their antioxidant defences and, to a lesser extent, lipid peroxidation, but the effects varied by the species, sex, age, herbicide concentration, and duration of exposure. Most of the studies involved aquatic organisms as useful and sensitive bio-indicators of environmental pollution and important part of the food chain. In laboratory mice and rats changes in oxidative stress markers were visible only with exposure to high doses of atrazine. Recently, our group reported that low-dose terbuthylazine could also induce oxidative stress in Wistar rats. It is evident that any experimental assessment of pesticide toxic effects should take into account a combination of several oxidative stress and antioxidant defence biomarkers in various tissues and cell compartments. The identified effects in experimental models should then be complemented and validated by epidemiological studies. This is important if we wish to understand the impact of pesticides on human health and to establish safe limits.
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Intranuovo G, Schiavulli N, Cavone D, Birtolo F, Cocco P, Vimercati L, Macinagrossa L, Giordano A, Perrone T, Ingravallo G, Mazza P, Strusi M, Spinosa C, Specchia G, Ferri GM. Assessment of DNA damages in lymphocytes of agricultural workers exposed to pesticides by comet assay in a cross-sectional study. Biomarkers 2018; 23:462-473. [PMID: 29493297 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1443513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the predictive power of the comet assay in the context of occupational exposure to pesticides. MATERIALS AND METHODS The recruited subjects completed a structured questionnaire and gave a blood sample. Exposure to pesticides was measured by means of an algorithm based on Dosemeci's work (Agricultural Health Study). Approximately 50 images were analyzed for each sample via fluorescence microscopy. The extent of DNA damage was estimated by tail moment (TM) and is the product of tail DNA (%) and tail Length. RESULTS Crude significant risks (odds ratios, ORs) for values higher than the 75th percentile of TM were observed among the exposed subjects (score > 1). The frequency of some confounding factors (sex, age and smoking) was significantly higher among the exposed workers. A significant dose-effect relationship was observed between TM and exposure score. Significant high-risk estimates (ORs), adjusted by the studied confounding factors, among exposure to pesticides and TM, % tail DNA and tail length were confirmed using unconditional logistic regression models. CONCLUSIONS The adjusted associations (ORs) between the comet parameters and exposure to pesticides were significant. The sensitivity of the comet test was low (41%), the specificity (89%) and the predictive positive value (0.77) were found acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Intranuovo
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Nunzia Schiavulli
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Domenica Cavone
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Francesco Birtolo
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- b Department of Public Health , Clinic and Molecular Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Regional University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari , Monserrato (Cagliari) , Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Linda Macinagrossa
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Annamaria Giordano
- c Department of Haematology and Organ Transplantation (DETO) , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Haematology, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Tommasina Perrone
- c Department of Haematology and Organ Transplantation (DETO) , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Haematology, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- c Department of Haematology and Organ Transplantation (DETO) , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Haematology, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Patrizio Mazza
- d ASL of Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unit of Haematology , Taranto , Italy
| | - Michela Strusi
- d ASL of Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unit of Haematology , Taranto , Italy
| | - Caterina Spinosa
- d ASL of Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unit of Haematology , Taranto , Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- c Department of Haematology and Organ Transplantation (DETO) , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Haematology, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Giovanni M Ferri
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
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Hematological Abnormality, Oxidative Stress, and Genotoxicity Induction in the Greenhouse Pesticide Sprayers; Investigating the Role of NQO1 Gene Polymorphism. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6010013. [PMID: 29414880 PMCID: PMC5874786 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture represents a threat to the human populations exposed to them. In this cross-sectional study, the hematological and biochemical parameters, plasma cholinesterase (PChE) activity, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T polymorphism were measured in 100 greenhouse workers occupationally exposed to pesticide mixture and 104 normal healthy controls. There was a decrease in erythrocytes (5.45%, p = 0.026) and hemoglobin (3.26%, p = 0.025), and an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (3.54%, p = 0.013) in the exposed workers. Sprayers showed a reduction in PChE (23%) and GSH (50%) levels, and an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) (55%), protein carbonyl (145%), Superoxide dismutase activity (61%), and total antioxidant capacity (35%) (p < 0.001 for all parameters but LPO: p = 0.009). Genotoxicity parameters were significantly high in the exposed cases (for all parameters: p < 0.001 but tail length: p = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between oxidative stress and genotoxicity parameters, and also between these biomarkers and PChE activity. The NQO1 C609T polymorphism was not significantly associated with studied biomarkers. The findings indicate that occupational exposure to a mixture of pesticides can induce hematotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in greenhouse workers.
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Hilgert Jacobsen-Pereira C, Dos Santos CR, Troina Maraslis F, Pimentel L, Feijó AJL, Iomara Silva C, de Medeiros GDS, Costa Zeferino R, Curi Pedrosa R, Weidner Maluf S. Markers of genotoxicity and oxidative stress in farmers exposed to pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:177-183. [PMID: 29055201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chronic exposure to pesticides can lead to the development of several diseases, including different types of cancer, since the genotoxic and mutagenic capacity of these substances can be observed. The objective of this study is to investigate the relation between the occupational exposure to various pesticides and the presence of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Blood samples from 50 rural workers (41 men and 9 women) exposed to pesticides, 46 controls (20 men and 26 women) from the same city (Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina state, Brazil) and 29 controls (15 men and 14 women) from another city (Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil), were evaluated using the comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) technique for genetic damage, and the test of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase (CAT) activity for the oxidative stress. Cholinesterase activities were also determined, but there was no statistical difference among exposed workers and controls. Significant differences were found in DNA damage among groups. The comet assay performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes of these individuals had a significantly higher DNA damage index in the exposed group comparing to controls (p < 0.0001). MNi (p < 0.001), NBUDs (p < 0.005) and NPBs (p < 0.0001) were also found to be significantly higher in the exposed group. The TBARS values were significantly higher comparing to the Florianopolis control group (p < 0.0001). Even though CAT values were higher than controls, there was no statistical difference. Thus, it is concluded that the exposed individuals, participants of this study, are more subject to suffer genetic damage and, consequently, more susceptible to diseases resulting from such damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Hilgert Jacobsen-Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetics, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Regina Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flora Troina Maraslis
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetics, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisi Pimentel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Júlia Lobo Feijó
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Clarice Iomara Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme da Silva de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetics, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Costa Zeferino
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rozangela Curi Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sharbel Weidner Maluf
- Laboratory of Genetics, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Bianco GE, Suarez E, Cazon L, de la Puente TB, Ahrendts MRB, De Luca JC. Prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in Argentinean agricultural workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21146-21152. [PMID: 28730367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about biosecurity measures and toxic effects during pesticide application in the province of Jujuy, Argentina, particularly concerning the protective measures and mixture of pesticides used by rural workers. We carried out an observational study of agricultural workers from Jujuy (76 exposed subjects and 53 controls) to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in human lymphocytes as well as the activity level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in red blood cell erythrocytes. Whole blood samples (5 mL) were collected in heparinized Vacutainer tubes for cytogenetic analysis and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity determination according to Ellman's method. Cytogenetic results showed a significant CA increase in pesticide-exposed individuals as compared with controls (4.20 ± 0.15 vs. 1.00 ± 0.05, respectively; p < 0.001), suggesting that pesticides are clastogenic agents causing DNA damage. Erythrocyte cholinesterase activity was significantly lower in exposed individuals, evidencing the possible occurrence of perturbations in blood as well as neurotoxicity in pesticide sprayers. These results suggest the need for periodic biomonitoring of these biomarkers together with education and training of occupational workers for the safe application of potentially harmful pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Eugenia Bianco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47 (Y4600DTA), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Eva Suarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47 (Y4600DTA), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Lauro Cazon
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47 (Y4600DTA), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Teresita Beatriz de la Puente
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47 (Y4600DTA), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | | | - Julio César De Luca
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), CC 296 AVW, B1900, La Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina.
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16
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Zepeda-Arce R, Rojas-García AE, Benitez-Trinidad A, Herrera-Moreno JF, Medina-Díaz IM, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Villegas GP, Hernández-Ochoa I, Sólis Heredia MDJ, Bernal-Hernández YY. Oxidative stress and genetic damage among workers exposed primarily to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1754-1764. [PMID: 28233943 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture and public health campaigns has been associated with an increase of oxidative stress and DNA damage, resulting in health outcomes. Some defense mechanisms against free radical-induced oxidative damage include the antioxidant enzyme systems. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and the relationship of antioxidant enzyme levels with DNA damage among sprayers (workers) occupationally exposed to pesticides. The determinations of MDA and antioxidant enzymes were performed spectrophotometrically. The genotoxic effects were evaluated using the comet assay. The results showed a marginally significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities in the high exposure group compared to the control group. For MDA, statistically significant differences were found among people working long term vs. those working temporarily (P = 0.02) as sprayers. In the moderate exposure group, a positive correlation was observed between MDA levels and GPx activity. In the high exposure group, a negative correlation was observed between GR and CAT activities, and between MDA levels and GPx activities. Furthermore, in the high exposure group, a positive correlation between DNA damage parameters and MDA levels was observed. The results suggest an important role of antioxidant enzymes for the protection of DNA damage caused by occupational exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigoberto Zepeda-Arce
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alma Benitez-Trinidad
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Briscia S Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Germán Pier Villegas
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Isabel Hernández-Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Toxicología, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, México
| | - María de Jesús Sólis Heredia
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Toxicología, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, México
| | - Yael Y Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
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Cezar-Vaz MR, Bonow CA, Mello MCVAD, Silva MRSD. Socio-environmental approach in nursing: focusing on rural labor and the use of pesticides. Rev Bras Enferm 2016; 69:1179-1187. [PMID: 27925096 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to apply a socio-environmental approach to the relationship between human health and rural labor through a link verification/association between health disorders and the use of pesticides. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional, observational and exploratory study with 331 inhabitants of two cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data analysis was conducted by Poisson regression. Results: reported health disorders included: mental (62.2%); circulatory (49.8%); dermatologic (45%); respiratory (41%); and gastric (36.2%). Workers who apply pesticides showed a 90% higher prevalence of dermatological alterations when compared to those who did not. Conclusion: the socio-environmental approach, comprising elements of the rural environment, of workers, and of the use of pesticides in the work process in connection/association with potential health disorders has shown that rural workers who apply pesticides present a higher prevalence of dermatological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clarice Alves Bonow
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Pelotas-RS, Brasil
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Perumalla Venkata R, Rahman MF, Mahboob M, Indu Kumari S, Chinde S, M. B, Dumala N, Grover P. Assessment of genotoxicity in female agricultural workers exposed to pesticides. Biomarkers 2016; 22:446-454. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1252954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. F. Rahman
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M. Mahboob
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S. Indu Kumari
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Chinde
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bhanuramya M.
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Dumala
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Paramjit Grover
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Simoniello MF, Contini L, Benavente E, Mastandrea C, Roverano S, Paira S. Different end-points to assess effects in systemic lupus erythematosus patients exposed to pesticide mixtures. Toxicology 2016; 376:23-29. [PMID: 27497885 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with high female predominance in reproductive years. It is characterized by a pronounced inflammation and production of a variety of autoantibodies. SLE pathogenesis is influenced by genes, hormones and environmental agents. The aim of this study was assess the possible effect of environmental pesticide mixtures in SLE patients. Oxidative DNA damage was measured using the comet assay modified by enzyme Endo III for detection of oxidized bases (Endo Sites), and oxidative stress by the measurement of the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Eighty-nine patients with diagnosis of SLE were included, 46% of them came from areas highly sprayed with pesticides and were compared with patients from urban areas with the same clinical and socio-demographic characteristics (p≥0.155). In order to identify factors that could predict DNA damage and oxidative stress, a binary logistic regression model with independent variables was developed: place of residence (p=0.007) have 75% of positive predictive value while smoking habit (p=0.186) have a 56% negative predictive value. The Odd Ratio (OR) obtained indicate that lupus patients living in rural areas presented 3.52 times more oxidative DNA damage compared to those living in the city. The prospects of applying biomarkers to assess exposure and biological effects, such as DNA damage and oxidative stress in autoimmune diseases, allow improving the characterization of individual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - L Contini
- Departamento de Matemática, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E Benavente
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Provincial Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C Mastandrea
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - S Roverano
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Provincial Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - S Paira
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Provincial Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina
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20
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Poletta GL, Simoniello MF, Mudry MD. Biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant defense capacity in Caiman latirostris blood. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 179:29-36. [PMID: 26299575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several xenobiotics, and among them pesticides, can produce oxidative stress, providing a mechanistic basis for their observed toxicity. Chronic oxidative stress induces deleterious modifications to DNA, lipids and proteins that are used as effective biomarkers to study pollutant-mediated oxidative stress. No previous report existed on the application of oxidative damage and antioxidant defense biomarkers in Caiman latirostris blood, while few studies reported in other crocodilians were done in organs or muscles of dead animals. The aim of this study was to characterize a new set of oxidative stress biomarkers in C. latirostris blood, through the modification of conventional techniques: 1) damage to lipids by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 2) damage to DNA by comet assay modified with the enzymes FPG and Endo III, and 3) antioxidant defenses: catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione; in order to apply them in future biomonitoring studies. We successfully adapted standard procedures for CAT, SOD, GSH and TBARS determination in C. latirostris blood. Calibration curves for FPG and Endo III showed that the three dilutions tested were appropriate to conduct the modified comet assay for the detection of oxidized bases in C. latirostris erythrocytes. One hour of incubation allowed a complete repair of the damage generated. The incorporation of these biomarkers in biomonitoring studies of caiman populations exposed to xenobiotics is highly important considering that this species has recovered from a serious endangered state through the implementation of sustainable use programs in Argentina, and represents nowadays a relevant economic resource for many human communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje el Pozo, CP 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; "Proyecto Yacaré"-Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MASPyMA), Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, CP 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Grupo Investigación Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), IEGEBA-DEGE (CONICET-UBA), FCEyN, Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, CP 1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Fernanda Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje el Pozo, CP 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marta D Mudry
- Grupo Investigación Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), IEGEBA-DEGE (CONICET-UBA), FCEyN, Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, CP 1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Paraoxonase 1 and its relationship with pesticide biomarkers in indigenous Mexican farmworkers. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:281-90. [PMID: 24423702 DOI: 10.1097/01.jom.0000438381.25597.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biomarkers of pesticide toxicity and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) phenotype and genotypes were evaluated in indigenous Mexican farmworkers exposed mainly to organophosphate (OP) pesticides. METHODS Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and PON1 activities--arylesterase and CMPAase activities--were evaluated spectrophotometrically. PON1 55 and 192 polymorphisms were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hematological parameters were evaluated using a cytometer. RESULTS Butyrylcholinesterase and arylesterase activities were lower in farmworkers, who also showed lower levels of leukocytes but higher percentages of lymphocytes when compared with the nonexposed group. Our results showed a high frequency of OP, high hydrolysis-related PON1 alleles (LL/QR and LL/RR) in the study population. An association was observed between CMPAase activity and PON1Q192R polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pesticide exposure modifies biochemical and hematological biomarkers in the study population, and that the phenotype of PON1 (CMPAase) is a sensible susceptibility biomarker of OP pesticide toxicity.
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22
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Dundar ZD, Ergin M, Koylu R, Ozer R, Cander B, Gunaydin YK. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with pesticide poisoning. J Emerg Med 2014; 47:286-93. [PMID: 24958695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are highly toxic to human beings, and pesticide poisoning is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The identification of powerful prognostic markers is important for the management of patients with pesticide poisoning in emergency settings. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and hematological parameters measured in patients with pesticide poisoning within the first 24 h after admission to the emergency department (ED). METHODS All patients (≥15 years old) admitted to the ED from July 2008 through February 2013 due to pesticide poisoning were enrolled in the study. The written and electronic medical charts of patients were reviewed. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were calculated for each patient using absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts. Mechanical ventilation requirement and mortality were used as the primary endpoints. RESULTS A total of 189 patients were included in the study. The mechanically ventilated patients had significantly higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts, and neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively), whereas they had significantly lower lymphocyte counts compared to nonventilated patients (p = 0.011). Survivors had significantly higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference between groups in terms of lymphocyte counts (p = 0.463), compared to nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION Leukocyte counts, neutrophil counts, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios measured within the first 24 h after admission to the ED are useful and easy-to-use parameters for estimating prognosis in the follow-up of patients with pesticide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Defne Dundar
- Emergency Medicine Department, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ergin
- Emergency Medicine Department, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Koylu
- Emergency Medicine Clinic, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rasit Ozer
- Emergency Medicine Department, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Basar Cander
- Emergency Medicine Department, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker in environmental and occupational medicine: new insights and future perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:321213. [PMID: 23936791 PMCID: PMC3727120 DOI: 10.1155/2013/321213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme in the nervous system. It terminates nerve impulses by catalysing the hydrolysis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine. As a specific molecular target of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, acetylcholinesterase activity and its inhibition has been early recognized to be a human biological marker of pesticide poisoning. Measurement of AChE inhibition has been increasingly used in the last two decades as a biomarker of effect on nervous system following exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in occupational and environmental medicine. The success of this biomarker arises from the fact that it meets a number of characteristics necessary for the successful application of a biological response as biomarker in human biomonitoring: the response is easy to measure, it shows a dose-dependent behavior to pollutant exposure, it is sensitive, and it exhibits a link to health adverse effects. The aim of this work is to review and discuss the recent findings about acetylcholinesterase, including its sensitivity to other pollutants and the expression of different splice variants. These insights open new perspective for the future use of this biomarker in environmental and occupational human health monitoring.
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Alavanja MCR, Ross MK, Bonner MR. Increased cancer burden among pesticide applicators and others due to pesticide exposure. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63:120-42. [PMID: 23322675 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of well-designed epidemiological and molecular studies provide substantial evidence that the pesticides used in agricultural, commercial, and home and garden applications are associated with excess cancer risk. This risk is associated both with those applying the pesticide and, under some conditions, those who are simply bystanders to the application. In this article, the epidemiological, molecular biology, and toxicological evidence emerging from recent literature assessing the link between specific pesticides and several cancers including prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer are integrated. Although the review is not exhaustive in its scope or depth, the literature does strongly suggest that the public health problem is real. If we are to avoid the introduction of harmful chemicals into the environment in the future, the integrated efforts of molecular biology, pesticide toxicology, and epidemiology are needed to help identify the human carcinogens and thereby improve our understanding of human carcinogenicity and reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C R Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, North Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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25
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López SL, Aiassa D, Benítez-Leite S, Lajmanovich R, Mañas F, Poletta G, Sánchez N, Simoniello MF, Carrasco AE. Pesticides Used in South American GMO-Based Agriculture. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY VOLUME 6 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59389-4.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kleinsorge EC, Erben M, Galan MG, Barison C, Gonsebatt ME, Simoniello MF. Assessment of oxidative status and genotoxicity in photocopier operators: a pilot study. Biomarkers 2011; 16:642-8. [PMID: 21981312 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.620744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to photocopiers has been indicated as being responsible for a number of health complaints, particularly effects on the respiratory, immunological, and nervous systems. In this study, we investigated oxidative and genotoxic damage in photocopier operators by assessing catalase activity (CAT), reduced vs. oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), level of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), damage index by Comet assay (DICA), and buccal cells with micronuclei (BCMN). Our results reveal that the TBARS levels in operators were increased (27%; p<0.05) but that no significant alterations to GSH/GSSG or CAT activity were observed. The DICA and the number of BCMN were significantly increased (134% and 100%, respectively; p<0.05) in the exposed group. There was a significant association between the time in months spent at work and DNA damage in lymphocytes (r(s) = 0.720; p<0.001) and buccal cell with MN (r(s) = 0.538; p<0.001). Because laser printers and photocopiers have become increasingly used, it is important to control human exposure using reliable biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa C Kleinsorge
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Samorì C, Malferrari D, Valbonesi P, Montecavalli A, Moretti F, Galletti P, Sartor G, Tagliavini E, Fabbri E, Pasteris A. Introduction of oxygenated side chain into imidazolium ionic liquids: evaluation of the effects at different biological organization levels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1456-1464. [PMID: 20674022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of a class of oxygenated imidazolium ionic liquids were studied in comparison with alkyl imidazolium salts (BMIM BF4 and BMIM N(CN)2).The cellular and subcellular effects were evaluated on rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell lines, through MTT test, lactate dehydrogenase release and acetylcholinesterase inhibition; the eco-toxicological responses were assessed through the acute toxicity tests towards Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. The introduction of ethoxy moieties in the lateral chain of imidazolium cations reduced the biological effects in all the tests. The acute toxicity towards D. magna was not affected by the number of ethoxy units, but the crustacean seemed to be sensitive to the type of anion; on the contrary, a further addition of ethoxy moieties increased the toxicity towards V. fischeri, M(OE)4MIM N(CN)2 being the most toxic oxygenated ionic liquid. In the cytotoxicity assays the salts with oxygenated cations resulted ineffective compared to BMIMs, independently from the anion and the number of ethoxy units in the lateral chain. In order to estimate the influence on membrane fluidity, an analysis of fluorescence anisotropy was done and it indicated that BMIM BF4, the most toxic ionic liquid among the tested ones, led to a destabilization of the model membranes at any molarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
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