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Burmistrov DE, Gudkov SV, Franceschi C, Vedunova MV. Sex as a Determinant of Age-Related Changes in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7122. [PMID: 39000227 PMCID: PMC11241365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The notion of notable anatomical, biochemical, and behavioral distinctions within male and female brains has been a contentious topic of interest within the scientific community over several decades. Advancements in neuroimaging and molecular biological techniques have increasingly elucidated common mechanisms characterizing brain aging while also revealing disparities between sexes in these processes. Variations in cognitive functions; susceptibility to and progression of neurodegenerative conditions, notably Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases; and notable disparities in life expectancy between sexes, underscore the significance of evaluating aging within the framework of gender differences. This comprehensive review surveys contemporary literature on the restructuring of brain structures and fundamental processes unfolding in the aging brain at cellular and molecular levels, with a focus on gender distinctions. Additionally, the review delves into age-related cognitive alterations, exploring factors influencing the acceleration or deceleration of aging, with particular attention to estrogen's hormonal support of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy E. Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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2
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Baj J, Flieger W, Barbachowska A, Kowalska B, Flieger M, Forma A, Teresiński G, Portincasa P, Buszewicz G, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger J. Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14959. [PMID: 37834407 PMCID: PMC10573482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with unique functions in the body; it acts as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in energy metabolism, the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, neurotransmitter production, and the regulation of reproductive hormones. However, overexposure to Mn is toxic, particularly to the central nervous system (CNS) due to it causing the progressive destruction of nerve cells. Exposure to manganese is widespread and occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Associations have been observed between Mn accumulation and neurodegenerative diseases such as manganism, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. People with genetic diseases associated with a mutation in the gene associated with impaired Mn excretion, kidney disease, iron deficiency, or a vegetarian diet are at particular risk of excessive exposure to Mn. This review has collected data on the current knowledge of the source of Mn exposure, the experimental data supporting the dispersive accumulation of Mn in the brain, the controversies surrounding the reference values of biomarkers related to Mn status in different matrices, and the competitiveness of Mn with other metals, such as iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), calcium (Ca). The disturbed homeostasis of Mn in the body has been connected with susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, fertility, and infectious diseases. The current evidence on the involvement of Mn in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance, osteoporosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, was collected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Barbachowska
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland;
| | - Beata Kowalska
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Flieger
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Musich M, Costa AN, Salathe V, Miller MB, Curtis AF. Sex-Specific Contributions of Alcohol and Hypertension on Everyday Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1086-1095. [PMID: 37023399 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Separate lines of research have linked hypertension and alcohol use disorder to cognition among adults. Despite known sex differences in both of these conditions, studies examining associations on cognition are limited. We aimed to determine whether hypertension impacts the relationship between alcohol use and everyday subjective cognition and whether sex moderates this relationship in middle-aged and older adults. Materials and Methods: Participants (N = 275) 50+ years of age, who reported drinking, completed surveys measuring alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test consumption items), self-reported history of hypertension, and everyday subjective cognition (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire [CFQ]). Regression was used to test a moderated moderation model examining independent and interactive roles of alcohol use, hypertension, and sex on cognition (CFQ scores: total, memory, distractibility, blunders, and names). Analyses controlled for age, years of education, race, body mass index, smoking status, depressive symptoms, global subjective sleep quality, number of prescription medication used, and number of comorbid medical conditions. Results: Sex moderated the interactive associations of hypertension and alcohol use frequency on CFQ-distractibility. Specifically, in women with hypertension, more alcohol use was associated with greater CFQ-distractibility (B = 0.96, SE = 0.34, p = 0.005). Discussion: Sex moderates the interactive association of hypertension and alcohol use on some aspects of subjective cognition in mid-to-late life. In women with hypertension, alcohol use may exacerbate problems with attentional control. Further exploration of sex- and or gender-specific mechanisms underlying these is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Musich
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Amy N Costa
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Victoria Salathe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashley F Curtis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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4
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Phua TJ. Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1196648. [PMID: 37384143 PMCID: PMC10293850 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1196648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation pathophysiology are closely associated with human age-related carcinogenesis and chronic diseases. However, the connection between hypoxia and hormonal cell signaling pathways is unclear, but such human age-related comorbid diseases do coincide with the middle-aging period of declining sex hormonal signaling. This scoping review evaluates the relevant interdisciplinary evidence to assess the systems biology of function, regulation, and homeostasis in order to discern and decipher the etiology of the connection between hypoxia and hormonal signaling in human age-related comorbid diseases. The hypothesis charts the accumulating evidence to support the development of a hypoxic milieu and oxidative stress-inflammation pathophysiology in middle-aged individuals, as well as the induction of amyloidosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in aging-related degeneration. Taken together, this new approach and strategy can provide the clarity of concepts and patterns to determine the causes of declining vascularity hemodynamics (blood flow) and physiological oxygenation perfusion (oxygen bioavailability) in relation to oxygen homeostasis and vascularity that cause hypoxia (hypovascularity hypoxia). The middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis could provide the mechanistic interface connecting the endocrine, nitric oxide, and oxygen homeostasis signaling that is closely linked to the progressive conditions of degenerative hypertrophy, atrophy, fibrosis, and neoplasm. An in-depth understanding of these intrinsic biological processes of the developing middle-aged hypoxia could provide potential new strategies for time-dependent therapies in maintaining healthspan for healthy lifestyle aging, medical cost savings, and health system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teow J. Phua
- Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Bizoń A, Tchórz A, Madej P, Leśniewski M, Wójtowicz M, Piwowar A, Franik G. The Activity of Superoxide Dismutase, Its Relationship with the Concentration of Zinc and Copper and the Prevalence of rs2070424 Superoxide Dismutase Gene in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome—Preliminary Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092548. [PMID: 35566673 PMCID: PMC9102417 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme involved in the antioxidant pathway during both normal cellular metabolism and different pathologic processes. We investigated the activity of the copper (Cu)-zinc (Zn) SOD1 as well as the level of Cu and Zn in the serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and control group. Moreover, the prevalence of rs2070424 gene polymorphism of the enzyme in the course of PCOS was evaluated. Significantly lower activity of SOD 1 and Cu, Zn concentration was found in the group of women with PCOS than without the syndrome. Insulin resistance in the group of women with PCOS caused a further SOD1 activity decrease, while Cu concentration and the value of Cu/Zn was increased when compared to women with normal insulin levels. Furthermore, we assessed for the first time the rs2070424 polymorphism of SOD1 in the women with PCOS, and in these patients we detected dominant variant AA (93.3%). Due to a small number of other genotypes, it is difficult to state if lower SOD1 activity was strictly associated with the AA variant or if other factors play a crucial role, but this should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bizoń
- Department of Toxicology/Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-7840455
| | - Agata Tchórz
- Students Scientific Society at the Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Paweł Madej
- Department of Endocrinological Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Marcin Leśniewski
- Department of Gynaecological and Obstetrics, District Hospital, 43-200 Pszczyna, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Wójtowicz
- Women’s and Child Health Center, City Hospital, 41-803 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Franik
- Department of Endocrinological Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (G.F.)
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Vázquez-Lorente H, Molina-López J, Herrera-Quintana L, Gamarra-Morales Y, Quintero-Osso B, López-González B, Planells E. Good antioxidant response of erythrocyte Zn levels after supplementation with Zn in a postmenopausal population. A double-blind randomized trial. Exp Gerontol 2022; 162:111766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Sotona O, Peterová E, Örhalmi J, Dušek T, Mrkvicová A, Knoblochová V, Lochman P, Malý O, Páral J, Bureš J. Gene Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Resected Intestine in Crohn's Disease. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2021; 64:153-157. [PMID: 34779380 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2021.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inflammatory process in Crohn's disease (CD) is closely associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant enzymes can play an important role in the outcome of CD and may influence postoperative recurrence in these patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate gene expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes in surgically resected intestinal specimens of patients with CD, both in macroscopically normal and in inflamed tissue. METHODS A total of 28 patients referred for elective bowel resection were enrolled in the study. Full-thickness small intestinal specimens were investigated. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSR) - was evaluated both in macroscopically normal and inflamed samples. RESULTS There were significantly lower levels of SOD1 mRNA (p = 0.007) and GSR mRNA (p = 0.027) in inflamed tissue compared to macroscopically normal areas. No significant differences were found between affected and non-affected intestinal segments in mRNA for SOD2, SOD3 and GPX. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot data clearly showed that the gene expression of major antioxidant enzymes is not a uniform mechanism in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Topically decreased gene expression of SOD1 and GSR might facilitate the segmental tissue injury caused by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otakar Sotona
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. .,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Július Örhalmi
- Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Dušek
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Mrkvicová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Knoblochová
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Lochman
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Malý
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Páral
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bureš
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Sex Differences in the Triad of Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158111. [PMID: 34360877 PMCID: PMC8348369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The triad of noise-generated, drug-induced, and age-related hearing loss is the major cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) in modern society. Although these three forms of hearing loss display similar underlying mechanisms, detailed studies have revealed the presence of sex differences in the auditory system both in human and animal models of ASNHL. However, the sexual dimorphism of hearing varies among noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), ototoxicity, and age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Importantly, estrogen may play an essential role in modulating the pathophysiological mechanisms in the cochlea and several reports have shown that the effects of hormone replacement therapy on hearing loss are complex. This review will summarize the clinical features of sex differences in ASNHL, compare the animal investigations of cochlear sexual dimorphism in response to the three insults, and address how estrogen affects the auditory organ at molecular levels.
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9
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Fei Z, Gao W, Xu X, Sheng H, Qu S, Cui R. Serum superoxide dismutase activity: a sensitive, convenient, and economical indicator associated with the prevalence of chronic type 2 diabetic complications, especially in men. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:275-281. [PMID: 34082660 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1937146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the presence of chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in patients with T2DM. They were assigned to three groups (Q1, Q2, and Q3) by SOD levels in both sexes. Clinical characteristics, cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy were compared. The relationship between the SOD and the prevalence of chronic complications was analyzed by binary logistic regression. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). A total of 645 T2DM patients (401 men and 244 women) with complete data for SOD and medical records of complications were included. In men, patients in the Q1 group (lowest serum SOD activity) had the highest prevalence of diabetes with atherosclerosis (AS) (p<.001), DN (p=.029), and DPN (p=.001). In comparison, only DN was found to have the highest prevalence in the Q1 group in women (p=.010). In the multivariate analysis, patients in the Q1 group had a 3.0-, 1.6-, 1.9-, and 2.4-fold risk for the prevalence of AS, DR, DN, and DPN, respectively, compared with the Q3 group. In women, a 7.0-fold risk for the prevalence of DN in the Q1 group was found compared with the Q3 group. After adjusting for the age, duration of T2DM, body mass index, pulse pressure, alanine transaminase, clearance of creatinine, triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting C-peptide in the models, the differences found in both men and women persisted. SOD activity is related to cardiovascular and microvascular diseases in men and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in women in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Fei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxue Gao
- Medical Services Section, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Méndez-Ruette M, Ortloff A, Luz-Crawford P, Rivera FJ, Figueroa CD, Molina L, Bátiz LF. The Impact of Estrogen and Estrogen-Like Molecules in Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration: Beneficial or Harmful? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:636176. [PMID: 33762910 PMCID: PMC7984366 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.636176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and estrogen-like molecules can modify the biology of several cell types. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of estrogen receptors, while the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) represents a non-classical estrogen receptor mainly located in the plasma membrane. As estrogen receptors are ubiquitously distributed, they can modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in several tissues and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Estrogens can exert neuroprotective roles by acting as anti-oxidants, promoting DNA repair, inducing the expression of growth factors, and modulating cerebral blood flow. Additionally, estrogen-dependent signaling pathways are involved in regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), thus influencing neurogenic processes. Since several estrogen-based therapies are used nowadays and estrogen-like molecules, including phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens, are omnipresent in our environment, estrogen-dependent changes in cell biology and tissue homeostasis have gained attention in human health and disease. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the current knowledge of estrogen and estrogen-like molecules and their impact on cell survival and neurodegeneration, as well as their role in NSPCs proliferation/differentiation balance and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maxs Méndez-Ruette
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander Ortloff
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carlos D Figueroa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Bátiz
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Matsuda T, Ogata H, Kanno M, Ishikawa A, Yamada M, Sakamaki-Sunaga M. Effects of the menstrual cycle on oxidative stress and antioxidant response to high-intensity intermittent exercise until exhaustion in healthy women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1335-1341. [PMID: 32550716 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of the menstrual cycle on the oxidative stress and antioxidant response during high-intensity intermittent exercise until exhaustion in healthy women who habitually exercised. METHODS Ten women with normal menstrual cycle completed 2 menstrual cycle phases, including the early follicular phase (FP) and the midluteal phase (LP). High-intensity exercise until exhaustion was performed on each test day. Blood samples were collected before the exercise (Pre), immediately after the exercise (Post0), and 60 minutes after the exercise (Post60). The levels of estradiol; progesterone; oxidative stress, which was measured as diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs); and antioxidant capacity, which was measured as the biological antioxidant potential (BAP), were assessed. RESULTS The levels of serum estradiol and progesterone at Pre were significantly higher in the LP than in the FP (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the d-ROMs, BAP, and BAP/d-ROMs between the FP and the LP at Pre, Post0, and Post60. Compared with the FP, the LP had significantly lower d-ROMs change rate from Pre at Post0 and Post60 (P<0.05). Moreover, the BAP/d-ROMs change rate from Pre showed a significantly higher trend in the LP than in the FP at Post0 and Post60 (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS In women with regular menstrual cycle, oxidative stress during exercise and recovery may be eliminated during the LP, when the estradiol and progesterone levels are higher, compared with those during the FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Matsuda
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan -
| | - Hazuki Ogata
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Kanno
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamada
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Parameters of Oxidative Stress in Reproductive and Postmenopausal Mexican Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051492. [PMID: 32110899 PMCID: PMC7084784 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the reproductive phase, women experience cyclic changes in the ovaries and uterus, and hormones regulate these changes. Menopause is the permanent loss of menstruation after 12 months of amenorrhea. Menopause is also linked to a decrease in estrogen production, causing an imbalance in oxidative stress. We aimed to compare the three stages of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative damage, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) between reproductive-aged women (RAW) and postmenopausal women (PMW) in Mexico. We carried out a cross-sectional study with 84 women from Mexico City, including 40 RAW and 44 PMW. To determine the oxidative stress of the participants, several markers of lipid damage were measured: dienes conjugates (DC), lipohydroperoxides (LHP), and malondialdehyde (MDA); exposure to protein carbonyl is indicative of oxidative modified proteins, and TAC is indicative of the antioxidant defense system. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were significantly lower in RAW vs. PMW. DC were 1.31 ± 0.65 vs. 1.7 ± 0.51 pmol DC/mg dry weight (p = 0.0032); LHP were 4.95 ± 2.20 vs. 11.30 ± 4.24 pmol LHP/mg dry weight (p < 0.0001); malondialdehyde was 20.37 ± 8.20 vs. 26.10 ± 8.71 pmol MDA/mg dry weight (p = 0.0030); exposure of protein carbonyl was 3954 ± 884 vs. 4552 ± 1445 pmol PC/mg protein (p = 0.042); and TAC was 7244 ± 1512 vs. 8099 ± 1931 pmol Trolox equivalent/mg protein (p = 0.027). PMW display significantly higher oxidative stress markers compared to RAW; likewise, PMW show a higher TAC.
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Delhez A, Lefebvre P, Péqueux C, Malgrange B, Delacroix L. Auditory function and dysfunction: estrogen makes a difference. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:619-635. [PMID: 31522250 PMCID: PMC11105012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is the major female hormone involved in reproductive functions, but it also exerts a variety of additional roles in non-reproductive organs. In this review, we highlight the preclinical and clinical studies that have pointed out sex differences and estrogenic influence on audition. We also describe the experimental evidences supporting a protective role of estrogen towards acquired forms of hearing loss. Although a high level of endogenous estrogen is associated with a better hearing function, hormonal treatments at menopause have provided contradictory outcomes. The various factors that are likely to explain these discrepancies include the treatment regimen as well as the hormonal status and responsiveness of the patients. The complexity of estrogen signaling is being untangled and many downstream effectors of its genomic and non-genomic actions have been identified in other systems. Based on these advances and on the common physio-pathological events that underlie age-related, drug or noise-induced hearing loss, we discuss potential mechanisms for their protective actions in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Delhez
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Department of ENT, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Christel Péqueux
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumors Biology and Development, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Laurence Delacroix
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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Ramesh SS, Christopher R, Indira Devi B, Bhat DI. The vascular protective role of oestradiol: a focus on postmenopausal oestradiol deficiency and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1897-1917. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi S. Ramesh
- Department of NeurochemistryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
| | - Rita Christopher
- Department of NeurochemistryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
| | - Bhagavatula Indira Devi
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
| | - Dhananjaya I. Bhat
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
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Samuel S, Venkatachalam R, Pandiarajan S, Loganathan T, Jaganathan S, Krishnamurthi T, Sarangapani R, Anandan V. Pila globosa snail extract inhibits osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of nuclear factor κB and nuclear factor of activated T-Cells c1 signaling pathways. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_39_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Oxidant stress induction and signalling in xenografted (human breast cancer-tissues) plus estradiol treated or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea treated female rats via altered estrogen sulfotransferase (rSULT1E1) expressions and SOD1/catalase regulations. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2571-2584. [PMID: 30315444 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is highly used in rodent models of tumerogenesis/carcinogenesis. Xenografting human-cancer tissues/cells with estradiol (E2) treatment is also used to generate rodent-models of gynaecological cancers. The altered metabolic-redox environment leading to establishment of pre-tumorigenesis condition and their mechanism are less studied. Here, female Wister rats were treated with these drugs at their pre-tumerogenic dosage (one group ENU single intra-peritoneal dose of 90 mg/kg b.w. and another group were implanted with human breast tumor (stage-IIIB) and fed with 2.5 mg of 17β-estradiol once in a week for 4 months). After 4 months, animals were sacrificed; their serum and liver tissues were tested. A brief comparison was made with a rat model (regarded as positive control) of toxicity induced by mutagenic environmental pollutant arsenic (0.6 ppm daily/4 weeks). The increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase suggests the possible organ toxicity is favoured by the increase in hepatic/systemic free radicals and oxidative stress in all drug application models. But the increase in the serum E2 level as noted in the ELISA data with impairment in the hepatic estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) protein expression (immuno-blot data) were noticed with interfered hepatic free-thiols only in ENU and xenograft-E2 group compared to arsenic group. It is also evident in the in vitro result from E2/GSH/NAC added hepatic slices with altered antioxidant regulations. Moreover, impairment in hepatic SOD1, catalase and glutathiole peroxidase activities (PAGEzymographic data), especially in the ENU-treated group makes them more vulnerable to the oxidative threat in creating pre-tumerogenic microenvironment. This is evident in the result of their higher DNA-damage and histological abnormalities. The Bioinformatics study revealed an important role of rSULT1E1 in the regulations of E2 metabolism. This study is important for the exploration of the pre-tumerogenic condition by ENU and E2 by impairing SULT1E1 expression and E2 regulations via oxidant-stress signalling. The finding may help to find new therapeutic-targets to treat gynaecological-cancers more effectively.
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Osinubi AA, Medubi LJ, Akang EN, Sodiq LK, Samuel TA, Kusemiju T, Osolu J, Madu D, Fasanmade O. A comparison of the anti-diabetic potential of d-ribose-l-cysteine with insulin, and oral hypoglycaemic agents on pregnant rats. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:832-838. [PMID: 30140615 PMCID: PMC6104459 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 18% of pregnant women are affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) and Insulin has been the commonest drug used in its treatment. There are reports of noncompliance to insulin due to trypanophobia, with suggestions for the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs). However, the opposing views about the benefits and risk of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) warrant a continuous search for an alternative regimen. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the antidiabetic effects of d-ribose-l-cysteine (riboceine) with vildagliptin, glibenclamide, metformin, glipizide and insulin in diabetes in pregnancy. Forty (40) female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were mated with twenty (20) male SD rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and the female SD rats were divided into 8 groups of five (5) rats each. The animals were administered either of the OHAs vildagliptin, glibenclamide, metformin, glipizide and riboceine for a period of 19 gestational days. The results showed that streptozotocin (STZ) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the weights of the animals, increased malondialdehyde, blood glucose levels and altered reproductive hormones. These effects of STZ were better ameliorated in animals that received insulin and riboceine compared to the other OHAs. While progesterone levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in animals that received riboceine compared to insulin. Glibenclamide increased (p < 0.05) foetal weights compared to non-diabetic animals. In conclusion, glibenclamide may be a threat to mother`s life in the management of diabetes in pregnancy however, riboceine as well as vildagliptin, metformin and glipizide are effective oral hypoglycaemic agents which could serve as a potent adjuvant comparable to insulin in the management of diabetes during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham A.A. Osinubi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Leke Jacob Medubi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Edidiong N. Akang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Lawal K. Sodiq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Titilola A. Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Kusemiju
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - James Osolu
- Ajah Primary Healthcare Centre, Eti-Osa East, LCDA, Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Danladi Madu
- Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Fasanmade
- Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papalou O, Kandaraki EA, Kassi G. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Nutrition as a mediator of oxidative stress in metabolic and reproductive disorders in women. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R79-R99. [PMID: 27678478 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition can generate oxidative stress and trigger a cascade of molecular events that can disrupt oxidative and hormonal balance. Nutrient ingestion promotes a major inflammatory and oxidative response at the cellular level in the postprandial state, altering the metabolic state of tissues. A domino of unfavorable metabolic changes is orchestrated in the main metabolic organs, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas, where subclinical inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial deregulation and impaired insulin response and secretion take place. Simultaneously, in reproductive tissues, nutrition-induced oxidative stress can potentially violate delicate oxidative balance that is mandatory to secure normal reproductive function. Taken all the above into account, nutrition and its accompanying postprandial oxidative stress, in the unique context of female hormonal background, can potentially compromise normal metabolic and reproductive functions in women and may act as an active mediator of various metabolic and reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Papalou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center of ExcellenceEUROCLINIC, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni A Kandaraki
- Endocrine Unit3rd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kassi
- Endocrine Unit3rd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Escalante CG, Mora SQ, Bolaños LN. Hormone replacement therapy reduces lipid oxidation directly at the arterial wall: A possible link to estrogens' cardioprotective effect through atherosclerosis prevention. J Midlife Health 2017; 8:11-16. [PMID: 28458474 PMCID: PMC5367217 DOI: 10.4103/0976-7800.201967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The first step in atherosclerosis formation is the ingurgitation of an oxidized low-density lipid (LDL) molecule by a macrophage which then turns into a foam cell within the vascular wall and initiates a cascade of inflammatory responses. Could it be that the potential cardioprotective effect observed in women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is modulated by estrogen's capacity to decrease LDL oxidation in the vascular wall and thus decrease atherosclerotic foam cells? Materials and Methods: Thirty-four adult female Wistar rats were divided into three groups. All were double oophorectomized. After recovery, Group 1 received Estradiol Valerate subcutaneous (SC) (2.5 mg/kg/week), Group 2 Estradiol Valerate SC (2.5 mg/kg/week) + Progesterone SC (10 mg/kg/48 h), and Group 3 Placebo SC. After 10 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and a vascular dissection performed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured directly on the vascular extract to determine lipid oxidative levels and HRTs' effect. Renal and hepatic tissue was also studied. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was measured to determine overall oxidative behavior. Results: Vascular MDA levels for Group 1 = 80.80 (±16.8) μmol/ml/g, Group 2 = 107.69 (±24.9) μmol/ml/g, and Group 3 = 140.96 (±32.4) μmol/ml/g. ANOVA (P < 0.05), with a post hoc Bonferroni corrective t-test, showed that both Group 1 and 2 have statistically significant lower levels of MDA than Group 3. Renal tissue showed less oxidative damage in the HRT groups, while hepatic tissue showed an inverse behavior with less lipid oxidation in the placebo group. TAS decreased with oophorectomy in all groups but decreased less in both groups that received HRT compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HRT significantly reduces lipid oxidation directly in the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez Escalante
- Department of Gynecology, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Costa Rica, Washington, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biochemistry, University of Costa Rica, Washington, USA
| | - Silvia Quesada Mora
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biochemistry, University of Costa Rica, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Navarro Bolaños
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biochemistry, University of Costa Rica, Washington, USA
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20
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Byrne AM, Ruiz-Lopez AM, Roche SL, Moloney JN, Wyse-Jackson AC, Cotter TG. The synthetic progestin norgestrel modulates Nrf2 signaling and acts as an antioxidant in a model of retinal degeneration. Redox Biol 2016; 10:128-139. [PMID: 27744118 PMCID: PMC5065647 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of the most common retinal degenerative conditions affecting people worldwide, and is currently incurable. It is characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors, in which the death of rod cells leads to the secondary death of cone cells; the cause of eventual blindness. As rod cells die, retinal-oxygen metabolism becomes perturbed, leading to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus oxidative stress; a key factor in the secondary death of cones. In this study, norgestrel, an FDA-approved synthetic analog of progesterone, was found to be a powerful neuroprotective antioxidant, preventing light-induced ROS in photoreceptor cells, and subsequent cell death. Norgestrel also prevented light-induced photoreceptor morphological changes that were associated with ROS production, and that are characteristic of RP. Further investigation showed that norgestrel acts via post-translational modulation of the major antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2; bringing about its phosphorylation, subsequent nuclear translocation, and increased levels of its effector protein superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). In summary, these results demonstrate significant protection of photoreceptor cells from oxidative stress, and underscore the potential of norgestrel as a therapeutic option for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M Byrne
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana M Ruiz-Lopez
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Roche
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer N Moloney
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alice C Wyse-Jackson
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas G Cotter
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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21
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Sui YX, Sun C, Lv SL, Batchu N, Zou JK, Du J, Song Q, Li QL. Perineal leiomyoma in a postmenopausal woman: A case report. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2045-2047. [PMID: 27602136 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyomas in the female reproductive system are commonly located in the uterus and typically regress following the menopause. Vulval leiomyomas are rare, and to the best of our knowledge, perineal leiomyomas in postmenopausal women have not been previously reported in the literature. The present case describes a 60-year-old Chinese woman who experienced perineal tenderness and lumbosacral radiating pain. The patient, who went through the menopause 12 years previously, had presented with a painful perineal mass for 1 year, which was subsequently diagnosed as a postmenopausal perineal leiomyoma. The mass was locally resected, and histopathological examination of the lesion resulted in a diagnosis of benign epithelioid leiomyoma. Immunohistochemical staining identified that the leiomyoma was positive for estrogen receptor and negative for progesterone receptor expression. The patient was followed up for 1 year and did not experience any pain or recurrence. The symptoms of local and lumbosacral radiating pain are extremely rare and may be induced by peripheral nerve stimulation. The etiology of postmenopausal perineal leiomyoma may be associated with infection, dietary, stress and environmental factors, and the role of estrogen cannot be overemphasized in cases of postmenopausal leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Sui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Lan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Nasra Batchu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Kai Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Qi-Ling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Stefanska A, Bergmann K, Sypniewska G. Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause: Pathophysiology, Clinical and Diagnostic Significance. Adv Clin Chem 2015; 72:1-75. [PMID: 26471080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. MetS is a constellation of interdependent factors such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS in postmenopause is due to loss of the protective role of estrogens and increased circulating androgens resulting in changes to body fat distribution and development of abdominal obesity. Excessive visceral adipose tissue plays an important role due to synthesis and secretion of bioactive substances such as adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, prothrombotic, and vasoconstrictor factors. MetS may also impact risk assessment of breast cancer, osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease, and quality of life during the menopausal transition. Increased MetS has stimulated the exploration of new laboratory tests for early detection and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stefanska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bergmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grazyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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