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Zhang P, Zhu H. Cytokines in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2528046. [PMID: 36419958 PMCID: PMC9678454 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2528046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), also known as thyroid eye disease (TED) or Graves' orbitopathy (GO), is a complex autoimmune condition causing visual impairment, disfigurement, and harm to patients' physical and mental health. The pathogenesis of TAO has not been fully elucidated, and the mainstream view is that coantigens shared by the thyroid and orbit trigger remodeling of extraocular muscles and orbital connective tissues through an inflammatory response. In recent years, cytokines and the immune responses they mediate have been crucial in disease progression, and currently, common evidence has shown that drugs targeting cytokines, such as tocilizumab, infliximab, and adalimumab, may be novel targets for therapy. In this review, we summarize the research development of different cytokines in TAO pathogenesis in the hope of discovering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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2
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Kardalas E, Sakkas E, Ruchala M, Macut D, Mastorakos G. The role of transforming growth factor beta in thyroid autoimmunity: current knowledge and future perspectives. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:431-447. [PMID: 34529221 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex mechanisms, which are related to the pathophysiology and the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, involve transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and its interplay with the immune system. The aim of this review is to examine the role of TGF-β regarding thyroid autoimmunity and explore the potent role of this molecule either as a diagnostic or prognostic marker or a therapeutic target regarding autoimmune thyroid diseases. TGF-β is clearly a master regulator of the immune response, exerting either inhibitory or facilitatory effects on cells of the immune system. Thus, this molecule is involved in the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Recent research has revealed the involvement of TGF-β in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The role of TGF-β in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases varies, depending on its concentrations, the type of the activated TGF-β signalling pathway, the genetic predisposition of the patient and the pathophysiologic stage of the disease. TGF-β could emerge as a useful diagnostic or prognostic marker for the evolution of thyroid autoimmunity. Promising perspectives for the effective therapeutic use of TGF-β regarding thyroid autoimmunity exist. The main treatment approaches incorporate either enhancement of the immunosuppressive role of TGF-β or inhibition of its facilitatory role in the autoimmune thyroid diseases. Further research towards deeper understanding of TGF-β physiology and clinical application of its possible therapeutic role regarding thyroid autoimmunity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Kardalas
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, 'Aretaieion' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilissis Sofias Str. 76, Athens, 11528, Greece
| | - Evangelos Sakkas
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, 'Aretaieion' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilissis Sofias Str. 76, Athens, 11528, Greece
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Private Practice, Michalakopoulou Str. 169, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Marek Ruchala
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, Poznan, 60-355, Poland
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Univercity Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića Street 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, 'Aretaieion' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilissis Sofias Str. 76, Athens, 11528, Greece.
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Kardalas E, Maraka S, Papagianni M, Paltoglou G, Siristatidis C, Mastorakos G. TGF-β Physiology as a Novel Therapeutic Target Regarding Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Where Do We Stand and What to Expect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57060621. [PMID: 34198624 PMCID: PMC8232149 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), as a master regulator of immune response, is deeply implicated in the complex pathophysiology and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Based on the close interplay between thyroid autoimmunity and TGF-β, scientific interest was shifted to the understanding of the possible role of this molecule regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of these diseases. The main aim of this review is to present research data about possible treatment options based on the role of TGF-β in thyroid autoimmunity. Suggested TGF-β-mediated therapeutic strategies regarding autoimmune thyroid diseases include either the enhancement of its immunosuppressive role or inhibition of its facilitatory role in thyroid autoimmunity. For example, the application of hr-TGF-β can be used to bolster the inhibitory role of TGF-β regarding the development of thyroid diseases, whereas anti-TGF-β antibodies and similar molecules could impede its immune-promoting effects by blocking different levels of TGF-β biosynthesis and activation pathways. In conclusion, TGF-β could evolve to a promising, novel therapeutic tool for thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Kardalas
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 76, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Spyridoula Maraka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72501, USA;
| | - Maria Papagianni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos Str. 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Paltoglou
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 76, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Charalampos Siristatidis
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 76, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 76, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Petunina NA, Martirosian NS, Trukhina LV, Saakyan SV, Panteleeva OG, Burdennyy AM, Nosikov VV. Association between polymorphic markers in candidate genes and the risk of manifestationof endocrine ophthalmopathy in patients with Graves’ disease. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018. [DOI: 10.26442/terarkh201890104-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To analyze the association between the polymorphic markers in CTLA4, TNF, IL10 and IL16 genes and the risk of manifestation of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) in patients with Graves’ disease (GD). Materials and methods. Case-control study included 248 patients with GD. Using polymerase chain reaction we studied the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers such as A60G (rs3087243) in CTLA4 gene, G(-308)A (rs1800629) in TNF gene, G(-1082)A (rs1800896) in IL10 gene, T3249C (rs4778641) in IL16 gene among 141 patients with Graves’ disease and EO and 107 patients with GD without EO. Results and discussion. The frequencies of A alleles and the AA genotypes were significantly increased and the frequencies of G alleles and the GG genotype polymorphic markers rs3087243 of CTLA4 gene and rs1800896 of IL10 gene, as well as the GG genotype polymorphic marker rs1800629 of TNF gene were reduced in patients with GD and EO. The polymorphism in CTLA4 gene was also associated with the activity and the severity of EO. The comparative analysis of the allele and genotype frequency distribution of polymorphic markers of IL16 gene did not show the significant difference. Conclusion. The risk of manifestation and the development of EO in patients with Graves’ disease can be caused by not only environmental, but also genetic risk factors.
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Kishazi E, Dor M, Eperon S, Oberic A, Turck N, Hamedani M. Differential profiling of lacrimal cytokines in patients suffering from thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10792. [PMID: 30018377 PMCID: PMC6050228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the levels of cytokines and soluble IL-6R in the tears of patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) disease. Schirmer’s test was adopted to collect tears from TAO patients (N = 20, 17 women, mean age (±SD): 46.0 years (±13.4)) and healthy subjects (N = 18, 10 women, 45.4 years (±18.7)). Lacrimal cytokines and soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) were measured using a 10-plex panel (Meso Scale Discovery Company) and Invitrogen Human sIL-6R Elisa kit, respectively. Tear levels of IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-6 and TNF-α appeared significantly higher in TAO patients than in healthy subjects. Interestingly, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-8 levels increased in tears whatever the form of TAO whereas IL-13, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in inflammatory TAO patients, meaning with a clinical score activity (CAS) ≥ 3, compared to controls. Furthermore, only 3 cytokines were strongly positively correlated with CAS (IL-13 Spearman coeff. r: 0.703, p = 0.0005; IL-6 r: 0.553, p = 0.011; IL-8 r: 0.618, p = 0.004, respectively). Finally, tobacco use disturbed the levels of several cytokines, especially in patient suffering of TAO. The differential profile of lacrimal cytokines could be useful for the diagnosis of TAO patients. Nevertheless, the tobacco use of these patients should be taken into account in the interpretation of the cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Kishazi
- OPTICS Group, Department of Human Protein Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Dor
- OPTICS Group, Department of Human Protein Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Eperon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Oberic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Turck
- OPTICS Group, Department of Human Protein Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mehrad Hamedani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Jung JH, Song GG, Kim JH, Choi SJ. Association of Interleukin 10 Gene Polymorphisms with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: Meta-Analysis. Scand J Immunol 2017; 84:272-277. [PMID: 27500787 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of eligible studies and to derive a precise estimate of the association between interleukin 10 (IL10) polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Meta-analyses were conducted on the associations between AITD and the -1082 G/A (rs1800896), -819 C/T (rs1800871) and -592 C/A (rs1800872) polymorphisms in IL10, and the haplotype of these polymorphisms and AITD. A total of 2903 AITD patients and 3060 controls in 10 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis showed significant associations between IL10 at the -1082 G allele and overall AITD (OR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.13-1.82, P = 0.003), but no association between the IL10 -592 C allele and the -819 C allele and AITD. Subgroup studies demonstrated significant associations between the -1082 G allele and susceptibility to Graves' disease. Ethnicity-specific meta-analysis revealed significant associations between the -1082 G allele and AITD susceptibility in Asian populations; however, in Middle Eastern populations, no association was evident. Meta-analysis of the IL10 haplotype revealed an association between the ATA haplotype and AITD (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.00-1.36, P = 0.04). Meta-analysis demonstrates that the IL10 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - G G Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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Zhang Z, Wang L, Sun X, Zhang L, Lu L. Association of IL4 and IL4R polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis susceptibility in Caucasian population: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2016; 363:107-13. [PMID: 27000232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a role for interleukin-4 (IL4) and its receptor (IL4R) gene in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS), but the results remain controversial and under-powered. OBJECTIVES To investigate the contradictory results, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the possible association between polymorphisms of the IL4 rs2243250 (C/T), variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in intron-3 (I3(709)VNTR), IL4R rs1801275 (T/C) and MS in Caucasian populations. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all case-control or cohort design studies. The fixed or random effect pooled measure was selected based on the homogeneity test among studies that was evaluated with I(2). Publication bias was estimated using the Begg's and Egger's test. RESULTS A total of ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. The crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association. Overall, after excluding articles deviating from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls and sensitive analysis, the meta-analysis showed a significant association between polymorphism of IL4 rs2243250 and MS susceptibility in allele model (OR=1.209, 95% CI=1.022-1.429, P=0.026) and dominant model (OR =1.225, 95% CI=1.013-1.480, P=0.036). However, no significant association was found between polymorphisms of IL4 I3(709)*VNTR, IL4R rs1801275 and MS susceptibility, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis indicates that the T allele, CT and TT genotype of polymorphism of IL4 rs2243250 (C/T) may reduce the risk of MS in Caucasian populations, while polymorphisms of IL4 I3(709)*VNTR and IL4R rs1801275 may not associated with risk of MS in Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taian, China
| | - Lianyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
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Wong KH, Rong SS, Chong KKL, Young AL, Pang CP, Chen LJ. Genetic Associations of Interleukin-related Genes with Graves' Ophthalmopathy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16672. [PMID: 26578206 PMCID: PMC4649612 DOI: 10.1038/srep16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the commonest extra-thyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Associations between interleukin-related (IL) gene polymorphisms and GO have been reported in different populations. We aim to confirm such associations by conducting a meta-analysis. Totally 382 publications were retrieved in MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 25/2/2015. After removing the duplicates and assessing the studies, we retrieved 16 studies that met the selection criteria for meta-analysis, involving 12 polymorphisms in 8 IL-related genes, and 1650 GO cases and 2909 GD controls. The summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. We found one polymorphism in IL1A (rs1800587, c.-889C>T) showing a suggestive association with GO in the meta-analysis (allelic model [T vs. C]: OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.00–2.62, P = 0.050, I2 = 53.7%; recessive model [TT vs. TC + CC]: OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.07–5.37, P = 0.039, I2 = 23.6%; heterozygous model [TC vs. CC]: OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04–2.22, P = 0.034, I2 = 37.0%). No association with GO was detected for the other 7 genes (IL1B, IL1RA, IL4, IL6, IL12B, IL13 and IL23R). Our results thus indicate that IL1A is likely to be a genetic biomarker for GO. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm the associations of IL1A and other IL-related genes with GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Hie Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Song Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin K L Chong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Bufalo NE, Dos Santos RB, Marcello MA, Piai RP, Secolin R, Romaldini JH, Ward LS. TSHR intronic polymorphisms (rs179247 and rs12885526) and their role in the susceptibility of the Brazilian population to Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:555-61. [PMID: 25543543 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intronic thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor polymorphisms have been associated with the risk for both Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy, but results have been inconsistent among different populations. We aimed to investigate the influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor intronic polymorphisms in a large well-characterized population of GD patients. METHODS We studied 279 Graves' disease patients (231 females and 48 males, 39.80 ± 11.69 years old), including 144 with Graves' ophthalmopathy, matched to 296 healthy control individuals. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor genotypes of rs179247 and rs12885526 were determined by Real Time PCR TaqMan(®) SNP Genotyping. RESULTS A multivariate analysis showed that the inheritance of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor AA genotype for rs179247 increased the risk for Graves' disease (OR = 2.821; 95 % CI 1.595-4.990; p = 0.0004), whereas the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor GG genotype for rs12885526 increased the risk for Graves' ophthalmopathy (OR = 2.940; 95 % CI 1.320-6.548; p = 0.0083). Individuals with Graves' ophthalmopathy also presented lower mean thyrotropin receptor antibodies levels (96.3 ± 143.9 U/L) than individuals without Graves' ophthalmopathy (98.3 ± 201.9 U/L). We did not find any association between the investigated polymorphisms and patients clinical features or outcome. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor intronic polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy in the Brazilian population, but do not appear to influence the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Bufalo
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - R B Dos Santos
- Division of Endocrinology, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUCCAMP), Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/no Jardim Ipaussurama, Campinas, SP, 13060-904, Brazil
| | - M A Marcello
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - R P Piai
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - R Secolin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - J H Romaldini
- Division of Endocrinology, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUCCAMP), Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/no Jardim Ipaussurama, Campinas, SP, 13060-904, Brazil
- HSPE-IAMSPE, Av. Ibirapuera, 981, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, 04029-000, Brazil
| | - L S Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
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Martirosian NS, Burdennyi AM, Trukhina LV, Panteleeva OG, Saakyan SV, Petunina NA, Nosikov VV. [Association of CTLA4 and TNF gene polymorphisms with endocrine ophthalmopathy in ethnic Russian patients with Graves' disease]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:67-71. [PMID: 26978177 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2015871067-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the associations of the rs3087243 CTLA4 polymorphism and the rs1800629 TNF polymorphism with endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) in ethnic Russian patients with Graves' disease (GD). MATERIAL AND METHODS The case-control study enrolled 205 patients with GD. The distribution of alleles and genotypes of the rs3087243 CTLA4 and rs1800629 TNF polymorphisms was studied in 141 patients with GD and EOP (a GD+EOP group) and 64 patients with GD without EOP (a GD-EOP group). The polymorphic alleles were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length analysis. RESULTS The patients with GD in their history and EOP had significantly higher frequencies of A allele and AA genotype and a lower proportion of G allele and GG genotype of the rs3087243 CTLA4 polymorphism. Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences in the frequency of the alleles and genotypes of the rs1800629 TNF polymorphism. CONCLUSION The rs3087243 CTLA4 polymorphism is associated with the risk of EOP in ethnic Russian patients with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Martirosian
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Burdennyi
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Trukhina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - O G Panteleeva
- Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Saakyan
- Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Petunina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Nosikov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Jurecka-Lubieniecka B, Ploski R, Kula D, Szymanski K, Bednarczuk T, Ambroziak U, Hasse-Lazar K, Hyla-Klekot L, Tukiendorf A, Kolosza Z, Jarzab B. Association between polymorphisms in the TSHR gene and Graves' orbitopathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102653. [PMID: 25061884 PMCID: PMC4111286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' orbitopathy (GO) as well as Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism originate from an autoimmune reaction against the common auto-antigen, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). GO phenotype is associated with environmental risk factors, mainly nicotinism, as well as genetic risk factors which initiate an immunologic reaction. In some patients GO is observed before diagnosis of GD hyperthyroidism, while it can also be observed far after diagnosis. The intensity of GO symptoms varies greatly in these patients. Thus, the pathogenesis of GD and GO may correlate with different genetic backgrounds, which has been confirmed by studies of correlations between GO and polymorphisms in cytokines involved in orbit inflammation. The aim of our analysis was to assess genetic predisposition to GO in young patients (age of diagnosis ≤30 years of age), for whom environmental effects had less time to influence outcomes than in adults. METHODS 768 GD patients were included in the study. 359 of them had clinically evident orbitopathy (NOSPECS ≥2). Patients were stratified by age at diagnosis. Association analyses were performed for genes with a known influence on development of GD - TSHR, HLA-DRB1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22). RESULTS The rs179247 TSHR polymorphism was associated with GO in young patients only. In young GO-free patients, allele A was statistically more frequent and homozygous carriers had a considerable lower risk of disease incidence than patients with AG or GG genotypes. Those differences were not found in either elderly patients or the group analyzed as a whole. CONCLUSIONS Allele A of the rs179247 polymorphism in the TSHR gene is associated with lower risk of GO in young GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jurecka-Lubieniecka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kula
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Konrad Szymanski
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bednarczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Ambroziak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kornelia Hasse-Lazar
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Tukiendorf
- Department of Epidemiology, Gliwice Branch, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zofia Kolosza
- Department of Epidemiology, Gliwice Branch, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Jarzab
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
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12
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Linquist RA, Symons RCA, O'Bryhim B, Whittaker TJ, Sokol JA. Cytokine profiles in clinical subtypes of ophthalmic Graves' disease. Orbit 2014; 33:363-8. [PMID: 25058606 DOI: 10.3109/01676830.2014.937877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of cytokines in the two clinical subtypes of ophthalmic Graves' disease by comparing cytokine expression in the fat and ethmoid tissue of type I and type II patients. METHODS Patients needing orbital decompression or eyelid surgery were identified and enrolled into a prospective study. Patients were assigned to the type I or type II subclassification, based on the presence of diplopia. Orbital fat, sinus tissue or muscle removed during surgery was evaluated. The mRNA expression profiles of Th1 cytokines (TNF-alpha/beta, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10) were analyzed using real time PCR. RESULTS 30 patients were enrolled in the study: 5 type I (80% female), 14 type II (71% female) and 11 controls (73% female). There were 14 decompressions (3 type I and 11 type II), 17 lid procedures (2 type I, 4 type II and 11 controls) and 10 ethmoidectomies (3 type I and 7 type II). The average ages were 45, 56 and 66 in the type I, type II and control groups, respectively. There was more TNF-alpha (p value 0.009) and IL-6 (p value 0.04) in ethmoid sinus cells of type II patients compared to ethmoid sinus cells of type I patients and a trend of higher expression of all cytokines in type II patients. CONCLUSIONS There is a trend towards greater mRNA expression of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in both orbital fat and ethmoidal sinus tissue of type II patients compared to type I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Linquist
- Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, KU Eye, University of Kansas , Prairie Village, Kansas , USA
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13
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Khalilzadeh O, Noshad S, Rashidi A, Amirzargar A. Graves' ophthalmopathy: a review of immunogenetics. Curr Genomics 2012; 12:564-75. [PMID: 22654556 PMCID: PMC3271309 DOI: 10.2174/138920211798120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis and often involves the orbits. Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), also known as Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), can be clinically significant and advance to sight-threatening stages. Our knowledge of the immunogenetic pathophysiology of GO is rapidly expanding. The present review is an attempt to summarize the current state of knowledge on the immunogenetics of GO. First we briefly review the epidemiology and clinical importance of GO, and then we describe in detail the macromolecular pathogenesis and finally immunogenetics of GO. Discrepancies between the results from various reports and the limitations of the available data are discussed. In particular, there is a scarcity of data from non-Asian populations. While several studies have demonstrated significant associations between polymorphisms in certain genes (especially CTLA-4, HLA-DRB-1, and TNF-α), there is a need for studies that investigate the relationship between polymorphisms and both serum and local concentrations of the resulting proteins. A complete understanding of GO susceptibility and pathogenesis has not been yet possible due to a number of important knowledge gaps that need to be filled by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Khalilzadeh
- Molecular Immunology and Immunogenetics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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McCorquodale T, Lahooti H, Gopinath B, Wall JR. Long-term follow-up of seven patients with ophthalmopathy not associated with thyroid autoimmunity: heterogeneity of autoimmune ophthalmopathy. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:1063-71. [PMID: 22888204 PMCID: PMC3413345 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s30704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophthalmopathy is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease. However, in approximately 5% of cases this autoimmune eye disorder occurs in the apparent absence of Graves' hyperthyroidism: the so-called euthyroid Graves' disease (EGD). METHODS Seven patients with EGD were followed for evidence of thyroid and orbital autoimmunity, for up to 10 years. Calsequestrin and collagen XIII antibodies were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and TSH-receptor (TSH-r) antibodies were measured as TSH-r-binding antibody (TRAb) and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). Eye signs were characterized and quantified as clinical activity score (CAS), NOSPECS classes, Nunery types 1 and 2, and margin-reflex distance (MRD). RESULTS Calsequestrin antibodies were detected on at least one occasion in three of the seven patients and collagen XIII antibodies were detected one or more times in five patients. In one patient with isolated congestive ophthalmopathy who was studied intensely, collagen XIII antibodies were initially positive and then became negative as the eye disease stabilized, while antibodies targeting calsequestrin were always negative. TRAb was not detected in any patient, but TSI was detected in three patients on one occasion each. Ultrasound abnormalities were found in four of the six patients for whom this was carried out, but there was no clear evidence for thyroiditis in any of these patients. For comparison, 13 patients were studied with typical Graves' ophthalmopathy. There were no significant differences compared to EGD in respect to the prevalence of positive calsequestrin or collagen XIII antibodies, but these patients included more smokers (eight out of 13 versus none out of seven). CONCLUSIONS Earlier studies suggesting that patients with EGD eventually develop thyroid dysfunction have not been confirmed here, although follow-up continues, and the possibility that such patients have had thyroid autoimmunity in the past, or that they will develop it in the future cannot be excluded. Overall, it is likely that the ophthalmopathy associated with Graves' hyperthyroidism is the same disease as that observed in patients - such as those reported here - in whom thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity are not present during the period of follow- up. The role of autoimmunity against the TSH-r in euthyroid patients with ophthalmopathy has not been proven and the significance of the orbital antibodies is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom McCorquodale
- Department of Medicine, Nepean Clinical School, the University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Hooshang Lahooti
- Department of Medicine, Nepean Clinical School, the University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, the University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jack R Wall
- Department of Medicine, Nepean Clinical School, the University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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