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Li Z, Zhu H, Liu H, Liu D, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qin Z, Xu Y, Peng Y, Ruan L, Li J, He Y, Liu B, Long Y. Synergistic dual cell therapy for atherosclerosis regression: ROS-responsive Bio-liposomes co-loaded with Geniposide and Emodin. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:129. [PMID: 38528554 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of nanomaterials for delivering natural compounds has emerged as a promising approach for atherosclerosis therapy. However, premature drug release remains a challenge. Here, we present a ROS-responsive biomimetic nanocomplex co-loaded with Geniposide (GP) and Emodin (EM) in nanoliposome particles (LP NPs) for targeted atherosclerosis therapy. The nanocomplex, hybridized with the macrophage membrane (Møm), effectively evades immune system clearance and targets atherosclerotic plaques. A modified thioketal (TK) system responds to ROS-rich plaque regions, triggering controlled drug release. In vitro, the nanocomplex inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis and macrophage lipid accumulation, restores endothelial cell function, and promotes cholesterol effluxion. In vivo, it targets ROS-rich atherosclerotic plaques, reducing plaque area ROS levels and restoring endothelial cell function, consequently promoting cholesterol outflow. Our study demonstrates that ROS-responsive biomimetic nanocomplexes co-delivering GP and EM exert a synergistic effect against endothelial cell apoptosis and lipid deposition in macrophages, offering a promising dual-cell therapy modality for atherosclerosis regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Haimei Zhu
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Dayue Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianhe Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Zhang Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yijia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Lihua Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China.
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Wang L, Chen S, Liu S, Biu AM, Han Y, Jin X, Liang C, Liu Y, Li J, Fang S, Chang Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and quality control of gardeniae fructus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117397. [PMID: 37956915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardeniae Fructus (GF), the desiccative mature fruitage of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (G. jasminoides), belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It has abundant medicinal value, such as purging fire and eliminating annoyance, clearing heat and diuresis, cooling blood, and detoxifying. GF is usually used in combination with other drugs to treat diseases such as fever and jaundice in damp heat syndrome in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) clinical practice. THE AIM OF THE REVIEW This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress in botany, traditional medical use, processing method, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, quality control, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology, which aims to provide a scientific basis for the rational application and future research of GF. MATERIALS AND METHODS ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Embase, Scopus etc. databases were retrieved to gain the comprehensive information of GF. RESULTS At present, more than 215 compounds were isolated and identified from GF, including iridoids, diterpenes, triterpenoids, flavonoids, organic esters, and so on. The traditional application of GF mainly focused on clearing heat and detoxification. Pharmacological studies proved that GF had anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, antifatigue, antithrombotic, liver and gallbladder protection, and other pharmacological effects. In addition, many improved processing methods can alleviate the side effects and toxic reactions caused by long-term use of GF, so controlling its quality through multi-component content measurement has become an important means of research. CONCLUSION GF has a wide range of applications, the mechanisms by which some effective substances exert their pharmacological effects have not been clearly explained due to the complexity and diversity of its components. This review systematically elaborates on the traditional medical use, processing method, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, quality control, and toxicology of GF, and it is expected to become a candidate drug for treating diseases, such as depression, pancreatitis, alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shujing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Suyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Abdulmumin Muhammad Biu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xingyue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yanxu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Jiang P, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen J. Geniposidic acid attenuates DSS-induced colitis through inhibiting inflammation and regulating gut microbiota. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3453-3466. [PMID: 37098758 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Geniposidic acid (GPA) is a bioactive compound isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) that has long been used to treat arthritis, jaundice, and hypertension. However, the therapeutic effects of GPA against colitis remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of GPA on the remission of colitis and the underlying mechanisms. A DSS-induced colitis mouse model was used to evaluate the influence of GPA on the modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Our results indicated that GPA improved DSS-induced mouse colitis, including loss of body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and colonic pathological damage. DSS-induced destruction of the intestinal barrier was also significantly repaired by GPA treatment. In addition, the relative levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, were markedly alleviated by GPA. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that GPA downregulated the protein expression of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. Finally, we first demonstrated that GPA could alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice with colitis by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the therapeutic and protective effects of GPA on IBD and provides novel insights into the prevention of colitis by targeting gut microbiota metabolism using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changchun People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Junyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Nishibe S, Oikawa H, Mitsui-Saitoh K, Sakai J, Zhang W, Fujikawa T. The Differences of Mechanisms in Antihypertensive and Anti-Obesity Effects of Eucommia Leaf Extract between Rodents and Humans. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041964. [PMID: 36838952 PMCID: PMC9965471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 1970s, Eucommia leaf tea, known as Tochu-cha in Japanese, was developed from roasted Eucommia leaves in Japan and is considered as a healthy tea. The antihypertensive, diuretic, anti-stress, insulin resistance improving, and anti-obesity effects of Eucommia leaf extract have been reported. However, the identification and properties of the active components as well as the underlying mechanism of action are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize studies involving the oral administration of geniposidic acid, a major iridoid component of Eucommia leaf extract which increases plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the atria of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by activating the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). To achieve the antihypertensive effects of the Eucommia leaf extract through ANP secretion in humans, combining a potent cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) inhibitor, such as pinoresinol di-β-d-glucoside, with geniposidic acid may be necessary. Changes in the gut microbiota are an important aspect involved in the efficacy of asperuloside, another component of the Eucommia leaf extract, which improves obesity and related sequelae, such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. There are species differences of mechanisms associated with the antihypertensive and anti-obesity effects between rodents and humans, and not all animal test results are consistent with that of human studies. This review is focused on the mechanisms in antihypertensive and anti-obesity effects of the Eucommia leaf extract and summarizes the differences of mechanisms in their effects on rodents and humans based on our studies and those of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansei Nishibe
- Faculy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +81-11-812-5460
| | - Hirotaka Oikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan
| | - Kumiko Mitsui-Saitoh
- Faculty of Health and Sports, Nagoya Gakuin Unversity, 1350 Kamishinano, Seto 480-1298, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junichi Sakai
- Faculty of Health and Sports, Nagoya Gakuin Unversity, 1350 Kamishinano, Seto 480-1298, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Faculty of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka-cho, Suzuka 510-0293, Mie, Japan
| | - Takahiko Fujikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan
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5
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Fu H, Zhu H. Geniposidic acid protects lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:984-992. [PMID: 35770920 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2096465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common respiratory disease and is a serious threat to human health due to the lack of effective treatment. Geniposidic acid (GPA) is an iridoid glucoside extracted from Gardeniae jasminoides Ellis and can treat inflammation-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of GPA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and its potential mechanism, providing effective strategies for the clinical treatment of ALI. METHODS ALI models were constructed by LPS in Sprague-Dawley rats and pulmonary epithelial cells. The function of GPA was investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, lung function assessment, Western blot, Masson staining, and Sirius Red staining, quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cell counting kit-8 assay, apoptosis analysis, and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS Functionally, GPA increased survival, relieved pulmonary epithelial function in response to LPS, repressed pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation caused by ALI in vivo; GPA also repressed pulmonary epithelial cell injury and inflammation induced by LPS in vitro. Mechanistically, GPA decreased the protein levels of TLR4 and MyD88 and accelerated the nuclear export of p65, suggesting that GPA repressed the activation of p65. CONCLUSION GPA protected LPS-induced ALI through the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
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6
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Li Z, Yang P, Xue S, Yuan S, Yuan L, Yan R, Tang D, Li J. Testosterone promotion effect of Eucommia ulmoides staminate flower via the steroidogenic pathway and potential hormonal mechanism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18765. [PMID: 36335171 PMCID: PMC9637168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides staminate flowers (EUF), a newly approved functional food in China, have great potential for hormonal regulation. Herein, we aim to demonstrate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of EUF in testosterone production and hormonal regulation. EUF extract and its components, kaempferol and geniposidic acid, exhibited a strong stimulating effect by increasing testosterone secretion, reducing ROS production, or promoting viability in Leydig cells. Meanwhile, the increased testosterone production was related to the upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of the steroidogenic pathway, such as steroidogenic acute-regulatory protein (StAR), 3β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD3B1), 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), and nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1). However, PKA inhibitor H89 or adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 could block their effect. The results of transgenic yeast models showed the androgenic agonistic effects of kaempferol and naringenin and the estrogenic agonistic effects of rutin. These results indicated that the testosterone promotional effect of EUF was related to the activation of the steroidogenic pathway and potential hormonal regulation. Kaempferol and geniposidic acid might be the key active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang‑Jia‑Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065 Hubei China
| | - Ping Yang
- grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang‑Jia‑Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065 Hubei China ,Central Laboratory, Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei China
| | - Shan Xue
- grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang‑Jia‑Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065 Hubei China
| | - Shijun Yuan
- grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang‑Jia‑Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065 Hubei China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000 Hubei China
| | - Renyi Yan
- Tianjin Ubasio Technology Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Tang
- grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang‑Jia‑Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065 Hubei China
| | - Juan Li
- grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang‑Jia‑Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065 Hubei China
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7
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Li J, Wang M, Wang X, Sun L, Zhao C, Zhao M. Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents of Duzhong Jiangya tablet by HPLC coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4434-4460. [PMID: 33108700 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Duzhong Jiangya tablet is a hypotensive drug. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography-Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry technology was used to quickly identify its chemical composition. SinoChrom ODS-BP column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)-0.1% formic acid solution(B). The flow rate was 1 mL/min. Extracted ion chromatogram was used to analyze the samples in positive and negative ion modes. Based on the accurate mass spectrometry information (such as quasi-molecular ions and fragment ions) obtained from the instrument, combined with reference compounds and literature, the chemical composition of Duzhong Jiangya Tablets was identified. A total of 131 compounds were identified, including four types of penylpropanoids, six types of phenylethanoid glycosides, 10 types of organic acids, 14 types of iridoids, 12 types of lignans, 18 types of alkaloids, seven types of coumarins, and 60 kinds of flavonoids. This established method can quickly and efficiently identify chemical constituents in Duzhong Jiangya tablet, lay a foundation for the research on the efficacy and quality of this traditional Chinese medicine, and provide a reference for the characterization of the chemical constituents of other traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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8
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Hashikawa-Hobara N, Hashikawa N, Sugiman N, Hosoo S, Hirata T, Yamaguchi Y, Yamasaki H, Kawasaki H, Nishibe S. Oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves extract protects against atherosclerosis by improving macrophage function in ApoE knockout mice. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4018-4024. [PMID: 32990381 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. We investigated the effect of ELE on the development of atherosclerosis and changes in peritoneal macrophage function in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice. At 8 weeks of age, ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups that were fed a high-fat diet blended with 0% (control), 5% or 10% ELE for a period of 7 weeks. The 10% ELE dose caused an approximately 36% reduction in atherosclerotic lesions, as estimated by oil red O staining. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the 1-week treatment with ELE reduced mRNA levels of Tnf-alpha, Il-1, and Mif in peritoneal macrophages isolated from the ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, a 1-week treatment with the 10% ELE diet significantly reduced migration and adhesion functions in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that a 10% ELE diet reduces atherosclerotic lesions and modulates macrophage function by reducing cytokine expression. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that reduces atherosclerotic lesions and suppresses inflammatory cytokines expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Hashikawa-Hobara
- Department of Life Sciences, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashikawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Nao Sugiman
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Shingo Hosoo
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Yamaguchi
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamasaki
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kawasaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Sansei Nishibe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-293, Japan
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9
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Guo J, Li J, Yang X, Wang H, He J, Liu E, Gao X, Chang YX. A Metabolomics Coupled With Chemometrics Strategy to Filter Combinatorial Discriminatory Quality Markers of Crude and Salt-Fired Eucommiae Cortex. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:838. [PMID: 32625085 PMCID: PMC7311666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucommiae Cortex is commonly used for treating various diseases in a form of the crude and salt-fired products. Generally, it is empirical to distinguish the difference between two types of Eucommiae Cortex. The metabolomics coupled with chemometrics strategy was proposed to filter the combinatorial discriminatory quality markers for precise distinction and further quality control of the crude and salt-fired Eucommiae Cortex. The metabolomics data of multiple batches of Eucommiae Cortex samples was obtained by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis was utilized to filter candidate markers for characterizing the obvious difference of the crude and salt-fired Eucommiae Cortex. The accuracy of combinatorial markers was validated by random forest and partial least squares regression. Finally, eleven combinatorial discriminatory quality markers from 67 identified compounds were rapidly screened, identified, and determined for distinguishing the difference between crude and salt-fired Eucommiae Cortex. It was demonstrated that UHPLC-MS based metabolomics with chemometrics was a powerful strategy to screen the combinatorial discriminatory quality markers for distinguishing the crude and salt-fired Eucommiae Cortex and to provide the reference for precise quality control of Eucommiae Cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiading Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Erwei Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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10
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Li J, Zhao M, Jiang X, Liu T, Wang M, Zhao C. Synergistic therapeutic effects of Duzhong Jiangya Tablets and amlodipine besylate combination in spontaneously hypertensive rats using 1 H-NMR- and MS-based metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4741. [PMID: 31743479 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Duzhong Jiangya Tablet (DJT) composed of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and several other traditional Chinese medicines is a Chinese herbal compound, which is clinically used to treat hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of DJT and amlodipine besylate (AB) on the synergistic treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and to explore its antihypertensive mechanism. The synergistic therapeutic effect of DJT in combination with AB on SHR was studied using two metabolomics methods based on mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance. Metabolomics analysis of plasma, urine, liver, and kidney and the combination of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to expose potential biomarkers. Then, the overall metabolic characteristics and related abnormal metabolic pathways in hypertensive rats were constructed. Blood pressure measurements showed that DJT combined with AB has better effects in treating hypertension than it being alone. A total of 30 biomarkers were identified, indicating that hypertension disrupted the balance of multiple metabolic pathways in the body, and that combined administration restored metabolite levels better than their administration alone. The changes of biomarkers revealed the synergistic therapeutic mechanism of DJT combined with AB, which provided a reference for the combination of Chinese and Western medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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11
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Bai Y, Song L, Zhang Y, Dai G, Zhang W, Song S, Sun H, Jing W, Xu M, Ju W. Comparative pharmacokinetic study of four major bioactive components after oral administration of Zhi‐Zi‐Hou‐Po decoction in normal and corticosterone‐induced depressive rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4542. [PMID: 30947404 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Bai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
| | - Lihua Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
| | - Yongheng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
| | - Guoliang Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Hong Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Wen Jing
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Wenzheng Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
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12
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Li S, Dai Y, Li X, Wang Q, Wang G, Ma Y, Gu X, Zhang C. The Potential Antipyretic Mechanism of Gardeniae Fructus and Its Heat-Processed Products With Plasma Metabolomics Using Rats With Yeast-Induced Fever. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:491. [PMID: 31143120 PMCID: PMC6521858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardeniae Fructus (GF), prepared GF (GFP), and carbonized GF (GFC) are widely used in China for the treatment of fever. However, the involved antipyretic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, rectal temperature and pyrogenic cytokines were used to evaluate the antipyretic effect of raw and processed GF in rats with dry-yeast-induced pyrexia. Reverse phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to acquire the metabolomics profile of GF, GFP, and GFC in rats with pyrexia. The results showed that the rectal temperature of rats treated with GF, GFP, and GFC was suppressed after 6 h (P < 0.05), compared with that observed in pyrexia model rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 were suppressed by GF, GFP, and GFC. Moreover, GFC suppressed the expression of interleukin 6 significantly (P < 0.01). Of note, 11, 15, and 25 feature metabolites were identified in the GF, GFP, and GFC groups. Pathway analysis showed that GF mainly regulated the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Notably, GFP was involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, while GFC was linked to glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. These results suggested that GF, GFP, and GFC maintained their antipyretic effect despite heat processing. However, heat processing altered endogenous feature metabolites and certain pathways of GF, GFP, and GFC in rats with yeast-induced pyrexia to exert an antipyretic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yejia Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinghao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyou Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinlian Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhu Gu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Lv S, Ding Y, Zhao H, Liu S, Zhang J, Wang J. Therapeutic Potential and Effective Components of the Chinese Herb Gardeniae Fructus in the Treatment of Senile Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:1153-1164. [PMID: 30574425 PMCID: PMC6284761 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardeniae fructus (GF), an evergreen Rubiaceae shrub, is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been used for over a thousand years. It is usually prescribed for the treatment of brain aging, vascular aging, bone and joint aging, and other age-related diseases. It has been demonstrated that several effective compounds of GF, such as geniposide, genipin and crocin, have neuroprotective or related activities which are involved in senile disease treatment. These bioactivities include the mitochondrion dysfunction, antioxidative activity, apoptosis regulation and an anti-inflammatory activity, which related to multiple signaling pathways such as the nuclear factor-κB pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. To lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of GF in treating age-related pathologies, we summarized the available research conducted in the last fifteen years about GF and its effective components, which have been studied in vivo and in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Lv
- 2Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Ding
- 3Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- 4Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihao Liu
- 5Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Junping Zhang
- 2Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- 1Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Do MH, Hur J, Choi J, Kim M, Kim MJ, Kim Y, Ha SK. Eucommia ulmoides Ameliorates Glucotoxicity by Suppressing Advanced Glycation End-Products in Diabetic Mice Kidney. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030265. [PMID: 29495397 PMCID: PMC5872683 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EU), also known as Du-Zhong, is a medicinal herb commonly used in Asia to treat hypertension and diabetes. Despite evidence of the protective effects of EU against diabetes, its precise effects and mechanisms of action against advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of EU on AGEs-induced renal disease and explored the possible underlying mechanisms using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ-induced diabetic mice received EU extract (200 mg/kg) orally for 6 weeks. EU treatment did not change blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic mice. However, the EU-treated group showed a significant increase in the protein expression and activity of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), which detoxifies the AGE precursor, methylglyoxal (MGO). EU significantly upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression but downregulated that of receptor for AGE (RAGE). Furthermore, histological and immunohistochemical analyses of kidney tissue showed that EU reduced periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive staining, AGEs, and MGO accumulation in diabetic mice. Based on these findings, we concluded that EU ameliorated the renal damage in diabetic mice by inhibiting AGEs formation and RAGE expression and reducing oxidative stress, through the Glo1 and Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ho Do
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Hur
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
- Divison of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Mina Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
- Divison of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
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15
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Nakamura K, Hosoo S, Yamaguchi S, Koyama M, Yamazaki R, Hirata T, Yamaguchi Y, Yamasaki H, Minamino N, Wada K, Nishibe S. Geniposidic acid upregulates atrial natriuretic peptide secretion and lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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16
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Jiang P, Ma Y, Gao Y, Li Z, Lian S, Xu Z, Jiang W, Tian X, Huang C. Comprehensive Evaluation of the Metabolism of Genipin-1-β-d-gentiobioside in Vitro and in Vivo by Using HPLC-Q-TOF. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5490-5498. [PMID: 27302600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To examine the metabolism of genipin-1-β-d-gentiobioside (GG), its distribution and biotransformation in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Urine, plasma, feces, and various organs were collected after oral administration of GG to normal rats and pseudo-germ-free rats to evaluate GG metabolism in vivo. GG was incubated with intestinal flora and primary hepatocytes in vitro to investigate microbial and hepatic metabolism. Using HPLC-Q-TOF-LC/MS, 11 metabolites of GG were absolutely or tentatively identified in terms possible elemental compositions, retention times, and characteristics of fragmentation patterns corresponding to eight biotransformations: deglycosylation, hydroxylation, sulfate conjugation, glucuronidation, hydrogenation, demethylation, glycosylation, and dehydration. Fewer metabolites were detected in pseudo-germ-free rats than in conventional rats. Moreover, geniposide and genipin were generated by the deglycoslation of intestinal bacteria. Geniposidic acid was detected in rat primary-hepatocyte incubation. This study first explores the metabolism of GG in vivo and in vitro. The results can aid the elucidation of PK profiles and clinical usage of gardenia fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Jiang
- Center of Research and Development on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce , Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yuanjie Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce , Harbin 150076, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shan Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce , Harbin 150076, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weixin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce , Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
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17
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Microwave-Assisted Method for Simultaneous Hydrolysis and Extraction for Preparation of Geniposidic Acid fromEucommia ulmoidesBark Using Basic Imidazolide Ionic Liquid. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/2135350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to hydrolyze geniposide and extract geniposidic acid, a novel microwave irradiation heating method for simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction for preparation of geniposidic acid fromEucommia ulmoidesbark using basic imidazolide ionic liquid was developed in this work. Basic ionic liquid paired by imidazolide anion and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium cation ([C6mim]Im) was used as a dual hydrolysis catalyst and extraction solvent in the proposed approach. The optimal concentration of [C6mim]Im was 0.4 mol/L. And the independent parameters optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on single-factor tests were as follows: microwave irradiation time of 20 min at power of 415 W and liquid-solid ratio of 15 mL/g. Yield of geniposidic acid was increased to3.41±0.17 μmol/g. DM130 macroporous resin, after reaction, was selected to separate geniposidic acid from hydrolysate. The plant materials with different treatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The analysis of SEM and TG further indicated that IMSHE is an efficient preparation method for geniposidic acid. It is reasonable to assume that the method and the dual hydrolysis catalyst and extraction solvent would offer an alternative for the preparation of some other kinds of bioactive substances from plant materials.
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