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Wei P, Luo Q, Hou Y, Zhao F, Li F, Meng Q. Houttuynia Cordata Thunb.: A comprehensive review of traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155195. [PMID: 37956635 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Houttuynia Cordata Thunb. (H. cordata; Saururaceae) is a medicine food homology plant that is grown in many Asian countries. Its main phytochemical constituents are volatile oils, flavonoids, polysaccharides and alkaloids. It has considerable clinical applications and health benefits. PURPOSE This paper reviews the existing literatures and patents, summarizes the phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, safety and economic botanical applications of H. cordata, and provides a reference for systematic study of the pharmacological effects of H. cordata, improvement of quality standards and further development of its medicinal resources. METHODS A comprehensive search of literature and patents on H. cordata and its active ingredients published before June 2023 was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and China Knowledge Network. RESULTS H. cordata is not only edible and medicinal but also used in various aspects of daily life such as fermented beverages, nutraceuticals, feed and cosmetics. The main phytochemical constituents of H. cordata are volatile oils, flavonoids, organic acids and alkaloids. Several in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials have found that H. cordata extracts possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and renal, immunomodulatory and potent antiviral effects. The mechanisms of expression of these pharmacological effects are related to the blood-brain barrier, lipophilicity, cAMP signaling and skin permeability, including blocking the MAPK signaling pathway, inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and activating the AMPK pathway. CONCLUSION This paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress of research on the traditional applications, botany, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and safety of H. cordata and discusses for the first time the economic botanical aspects, which were not explored in the previous reviews. H. cordata has a wide range of bioactive substances whose therapeutic potential has not been fully exploited, and it could provide a new non-toxic approach to many diseases. This traditional medicinal food plant should receive more attention and in-depth research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yun Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Ye L, Fan S, Zhao P, Wu C, Liu M, Hu S, Wang P, Wang H, Bi H. Potential herb‒drug interactions between anti-COVID-19 drugs and traditional Chinese medicine. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023:S2211-3835(23)00203-4. [PMID: 37360014 PMCID: PMC10239737 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. Effective treatments against COVID-19 remain urgently in need although vaccination significantly reduces the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality. At present, antiviral drugs including Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PaxlovidTM), Remdesivir, and Molnupiravir have been authorized to treat COVID-19 and become more globally available. On the other hand, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for the treatment of epidemic diseases for a long history. Currently, various TCM formulae against COVID-19 such as Qingfei Paidu decoction, Xuanfei Baidu granule, Huashi Baidu granule, Jinhua Qinggan granule, Lianhua Qingwen capsule, and Xuebijing injection have been widely used in clinical practice in China, which may cause potential herb-drug interactions (HDIs) in patients under treatment with antiviral drugs and affect the efficacy and safety of medicines. However, information on potential HDIs between the above anti-COVID-19 drugs and TCM formulae is lacking, and thus this work seeks to summarize and highlight potential HDIs between antiviral drugs and TCM formulae against COVID-19, and especially pharmacokinetic HDIs mediated by metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters. These well-characterized HDIs could provide useful information on clinical concomitant medicine use to maximize clinical outcomes and minimize adverse and toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Shicheng Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China
| | - Chenghua Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Menghua Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Shuang Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Peng Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Huichang Bi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
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Woranam K, Mootsikapun P, Senawong G, Prompipak J, Promdee L, Pintaraks K, Ketterman AJ, Senawong T. Safety and immunomodulatory activity of Houttuynia cordata fermentation product in healthy volunteers and its effect on antiretroviral-drug level in rats. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.2024152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khanutsanan Woranam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piroon Mootsikapun
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Gulsiri Senawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jeerati Prompipak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Limthong Promdee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ketsarin Pintaraks
- Diagnostic Clinical Microscopy Unit, Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Albert J. Ketterman
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thanaset Senawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Li Y, Lyu Y, Huang J, Huang K, Yu J. Transcriptome sequencing reveals high-salt diet-induced abnormal liver metabolic pathways in mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:335. [PMID: 34454434 PMCID: PMC8397858 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although salt plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological metabolism of the human body, many abnormalities in the liver caused by a high-salt diet, especially with normal pathological results, are not well characterized. METHODS Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a high salt group. These groups were then fed with normal or sodium-rich chow (containing 6% NaCl) for 6 weeks. Liver injury was evaluated, and the influences of a high-salt diet on the liver were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing at the end of week 6. RESULTS We found that although no liver parenchymal injury could be found after high-salt feeding, many metabolic abnormalities had formed based on transcriptome sequencing results. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes revealed that at least 15 enzymatic activities and the metabolism of multiple substances were affected by a high-salt diet. Moreover, a variety of signaling and metabolic pathways, as well as numerous biological functions, were involved in liver dysfunction due to a high-salt diet. This included some known pathways and many novel ones, such as retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS A high-salt diet can induce serious abnormal liver metabolic activities in mice at the transcriptional level, although substantial physical damage may not yet be visible. This study, to our knowledge, was the first to reveal the impact of a high-salt diet on the liver at the omics level, and provides theoretical support for potential clinical risk evaluation, pathogenic mechanisms, and drug design for combating liver dysfunction. This study also provides a serious candidate direction for further research on the physiological impacts of high-salt diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, No. 1, Gaojingjia, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Yufei Lyu
- Beijing Institute of Biotecnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Beijing Institute of Biotecnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, No. 1, Gaojingjia, Chaoyang District, China.
| | - Jiufei Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, No. 1, Gaojingjia, Chaoyang District, China.
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Lee WP, Li ML, Liu YT, Lee CM, Yao HT. Qing-Yu-Mu, an Herbal Formula, Reduces Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed a High-Frying Oil Diet and Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury. J Med Food 2020; 24:77-88. [PMID: 33185481 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Qing-Yu-Mu (QYM) is an herbal formula used to prevent and treat liver disease in Taiwan. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of QYM were evaluated in two experimental models. First, rats were fed a high-frying oil (FO) diet containing 1.25% QYM for 5 weeks to investigate effects of QYM on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities. Then, protective effects of QYM on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced chronic liver injury were evaluated. Results show that QYM treatment reduced FO diet-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species levels and increased glutathione (GSH) S-transferase activity. A higher reduced GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio was observed after QYM treatment. Furthermore, QYM ameliorated CCl4-induced liver injury by reducing the activity of plasma alanine aminotransferase and histological lesions in the liver. QYM also increased the level of hepatic GSH and activities of GSH peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Finally, chlorogenic acid, chrysophanol, and apigenin were found to be present in relative abundance in QYM. Results show that QYM may exhibit a hepatoprotective effect by reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant activity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Lee
- Japin Biotechnology Company, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Li
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ta Liu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Protective Role of Picralima nitida Seed Extract in High-Fat High-Fructose-Fed Rats. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2020; 2020:5206204. [PMID: 33163962 PMCID: PMC7604582 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5206204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Picralima nitida is a therapeutic herb used in ethnomedicine for the management of several disease conditions including diabetes. This study examined the potential palliative effect of aqueous seed extract of Picralima nitida (APN) on dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and the expression of some metabolic genes in high-fat high-fructose-fed rats. Experimental rats (2 months old) were fed a control diet or a high-fat diet with 25% fructose (HFHF diet) in their drinking water for nine weeks. APN was administered orally during the last four weeks. Anthropometric and antioxidant parameters, lipid profile, plasma glucose, and insulin levels and the relative expression of some metabolic genes were assessed. APN caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in weight gained, body mass index, insulin resistance, plasma glucose, and insulin levels. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cardiac index, atherogenic index, coronary artery index, and malondialdehyde levels in plasma and liver samples were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by APN at all experimental doses when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. APN also significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the relative expression of glucokinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and leptin at 400 mg/kg body weight when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. This study showed that APN alleviated dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidant effect associated with the intake of a high-fat high-fructose diet.
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Gao H, Cao Y, Xia H, Zhu X, Jin Y. CYP4A11 is involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via ROS‑induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1121-1129. [PMID: 32124935 PMCID: PMC7053872 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fat metabolism disorder that occurs in liver cells. The development of NAFLD is considered to be associated with hepatic oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the role of cytochrome P450 4A11 (CYP4A11) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The levels of plasma CYP4A11 and lipid peroxidation products levels exhibited a high correlation, and were increased significantly compared with those from normal subjects. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that the expression levels of CYP4A11 and the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in free fatty acid (FFA)-stimulated HepG2 cells. Clofibrate, a CYP4A11 inducer, aggravated cell damage. Opposite results were observed for the CYP4A11 inhibitor HET0016, which attenuated apoptosis in FFA-treated cells. Furthermore, CYP4A11 gene overexpression and silencing were used to investigate the effects on inflammatory cytokine secretion. The data demonstrated that CYP4A11 promoted an increase in the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in response to FFA. In addition, western blot analysis highlighted that CYP4A11 caused an upregulation of phosphorylated p65 levels and therefore affected the NF-κB signaling pathway. The data demonstrated that CYP4A11 may metabolize fatty acids to promote the production of ROS and accelerate the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yaru Cao
- Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Yao HT, Lee PF, Lii CK, Liu YT, Chen SH. Freshwater clam extract reduces liver injury by lowering cholesterol accumulation, improving dysregulated cholesterol synthesis and alleviating inflammation in high-fat, high-cholesterol and cholic acid diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice. Food Funct 2019; 9:4876-4887. [PMID: 30160281 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00851e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) is a traditional liver-protective food in Asia. Recent studies have renewed attention on high cholesterol accumulation and dysregulated cholesterol synthesis in the liver as a critical factor in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we investigated the protective effects of freshwater clam extract (FCE) and its fat fraction (FCE oil) on high-fat, high-cholesterol and cholic acid (HFHC) diet-induced lean steatohepatitis in mice. Mice were fed a HFHC diet containing FCE or FCE oil for 6 weeks. FCE, but not FCE oil, feeding reduced liver injury as indicated by decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase activity. Liver total cholesterol accumulation was reduced after FCE and FCE oil treatment. Accumulation of squalene and desmosterol, the precursors of cholesterol, in the liver was reduced by FCE but not by FCE oil. The caspase-1 (p10) and interleukin (IL)-1β (p17) protein expressions in the liver were suppressed by both FCE and FCE oil. Therefore, FCE may act as functional food that can reduce steatohepatitis and liver injury by reducing cholesterol accumulation, improving dysregulated cholesterol synthesis and attenuating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Zheng C, Lin JF, Lin ZH, Lin WQ, Thapa S, Lin YZ, Lian H, Liu ZR, Chen JH, Li XW. Sodium Houttuyfonate Alleviates Post-infarct Remodeling in Rats via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1092. [PMID: 30319423 PMCID: PMC6170643 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the chronic ischemia persisting after acute myocardial infarction, the accompanying low-degree inflammation and subsequent fibrosis result in progression of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Recently, Sodium Houttuyfonate (SH), a pure compound extracted from Houttuynia cordata, has been confirmed exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects under diseased situations. Here, we aimed to investigate whether SH could reverse the cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction by alleviating cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Left anterior descending coronary artery of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was ligated to elicit myocardial infarction. Low and high dose of SH was administered by oral gavage for four consecutive weeks post-myocardial infarction. Long-term SH treatment decreased heart rate, heart weight/ body weight (HW/BW), and left ventricle weight/body weight (LVW/BW), reduced cardiac expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), improved left ventricular heart function, and ameliorated the histopathological changes caused by myocardial infarction. Western blotting revealed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), collagen I, and collagen III of the infarcted ventricle were reduced by SH treatment. Meanwhile, we found that SH treatment post-myocardial infarction activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and suppressed nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65). Furthermore, on H9C2 cells induced hypoxic injury with cobalt chloride (CoCl2), the reduction of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β), activation of AMPK, and suppression of NF-κB p65 were also observed by SH treatment. However, transfection of H9C2 with AMPKα siRNA blunted the suppression of NF-κB p65 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β) by SH post-hypoxia. Taken together, these findings suggested that long-term administration of SH post-myocardial infarction reduced cardiac inflammatory and fibrotic responses, and reversed cardiac remodeling process. The underlying mechanism may be activating AMPK and suppressing NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Feng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saroj Thapa
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taishun General Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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You BH, Chin YW, Kim H, Choi HS, Choi YH. Houttuynia cordata
extract increased systemic exposure and liver concentrations of metformin through OCTs and MATEs in rats. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1004-1013. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development; Dongguk University-Seoul; 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 10326 Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development; Dongguk University-Seoul; 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 10326 Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine; Dongguk-University IIsan Oriental Hospital; 27, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 10326 Korea
| | - Han Seok Choi
- Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Endocrinology Clinic; 27, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 10326 Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development; Dongguk University-Seoul; 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 10326 Korea
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Wang JH, Bose S, Shin NR, Chin YW, Choi YH, Kim H. Pharmaceutical Impact of Houttuynia Cordata and Metformin Combination on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders: Link to Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:620. [PMID: 30405531 PMCID: PMC6208002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Metformin and Houttuynia cordata are representative anti-diabetic therapeutic agents in western and oriental medicinal fields, respectively. The present study examined the therapeutic effects of houttuynia cordata extract (HCE) and metformin in combination in a dysmetabolic mouse model. Methods: Metabolic disorders were induced in C57BL/6J mice by high fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. Results: Combination of metformin and HCE significantly lowered body weight, abdominal fat, perirenal fat, liver and kidney weights, but did not change epididymal fat in HFD-fed animals. Metformin + HCE treatment markedly attenuated the elevated serum levels of TG, TC, AST, ALT, and endotoxin and restored the depleted HDL level. Both HCE and metformin + HCE treatment ameliorated glucose tolerance and high level of fasting blood glucose in association with AMPK activation. Moreover, treatment with HCE + metformin dramatically suppressed inflammation in HFD-fed animals via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 and IL-6) and LPS receptor (TLR4). Histopathological findings showed that exposure of HFD-treated animals to metformin + HCE ameliorated fatty liver, shrinkage of intestinal villi and adipocytes enlargement. Furthermore, HCE and metformin + HCE treatments markedly modulated the abundance of gut Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Bacteriodetes fragilis, but not universal Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: Overall, HCE and metformin cooperatively exert their therapeutic effects via modulation of gut microbiota, especially reduction of Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in alleviation of endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | | | - Na Rae Shin
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hojun Kim
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Lee SB, Kang JW, Kim SJ, Ahn J, Kim J, Lee SM. Afzelin ameliorates D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure by modulating mitochondrial quality control and dynamics. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:195-209. [PMID: 27861739 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a fatal clinical syndrome that results in excessive inflammation and hepatocyte death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be a possible mechanism of FHF. Afzelin, a flavonol glycoside found in Houttuynia cordata Thunberg, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study elucidated the cytoprotective mechanisms of afzelin against D-galactosamine (GalN)/LPS induced FHF, particularly focusing on mitochondrial quality control and dynamics. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were administered afzelin i.p. 1 h before receiving GalN (800 mg·kg-1 )/LPS (40 μg·kg-1 ), and they were then killed 5 h after GalN/LPS treatment. KEY RESULTS Afzelin improved the survival rate and reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines in GalN/LPS-treated mice. Afzelin attenuated the mitochondrial damage, as indicated by diminished mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity in GalN/LPS-treated mice. Afzelin enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, as indicated by increased levels of PPAR-γ coactivator 1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A. Afzelin also decreased the level of mitophagy-related proteins, parkin and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1. Furthermore, while GalN/LPS significantly increased the level of fission-related protein, dynamin-related protein 1, and decreased the level of fusion-related protein, mitofusin 2; these effects were attenuated by afzelin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings demonstrated that afzelin protects against GalN/LPS-induced liver injury by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, suppressing excessive mitophagy and balancing mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - So-Jin Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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13
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Chiba T, Noji K, Shinozaki S, Suzuki S, Umegaki K, Shimokado K. Diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects expression of major cytochrome P450 genes in a mouse model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1567-1576. [PMID: 27757967 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with impaired liver function, and resveratrol could suppress NAFLD progression. This study examined the effects of NAFLD on the expression of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes in the liver and whether the expression could be attenuated by resveratrol. METHODS C57BL/6 mice (male, 10 weeks of age) were fed a high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHS) diet to induce NAFLD. Major Cyp subtype mRNA expression in the liver was measured by real-time RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Body and liver weights at 4 and 12 weeks were significantly higher in mice fed the HFHS diet compared with control. The HFHS diet significantly increased the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides at 12 weeks. Under this condition, the HFHS diet increased the expression of Cyp1a2 and decreased that of Cyp3a11 at 1 week and thereafter. On the other hand, Cyp1a1, 2b10 and 2c29 mRNA expression levels in the liver were significantly increased at 12 weeks only. Resveratrol (0.05% (w/w) in diet) slightly suppressed lipid accumulation in the liver, but failed to recover impaired Cyp gene expression levels in NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Drug metabolism may be impaired in NAFLD, and each Cyp subtype is regulated in a different manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Noji
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Shinozaki
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachina Suzuki
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keizo Umegaki
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimokado
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Ali MHH, Messiha BAS, Abdel-Latif HAT. Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid, resveratrol, and N-acetylcysteine on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1198-1208. [PMID: 26134756 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Resveratrol (RSV) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are safe representatives of natural and synthetic antioxidants, respectively. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate protective effects of RSV and NAC, compared with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), on experimental NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS NAFLD was induced by feeding rats a methionine choline-deficient diet (MCDD) for four cycles, each of 4 d of MCDD feeding and 3 d of fasting. Animals were divided into normal control, steatosis control, and five treatment groups, receiving UDCA (25 mg/kg/d), RSV (10 mg/kg/d), NAC (20 mg/kg/d), UDCA + RSV, and UDCA + NAC orally for 28 d. Liver integrity markers (liver index and serum transaminases), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glucose, albumin, renal functions (urea, creatinine), lipid profile (total cholesterol; TC, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins; LDL-C, very low density lipoproteins, leptin), and oxidative stress markers (hepatic malondialdehyde; MDA, glutathione; GSH, glutathione-S-transferase; GST) were measured using automatic analyzer, colorimetric kits, and ELISA kits, supported by a liver histopathological study. RESULTS RSV and NAC administration significantly improved liver index (RSV only), alanine transaminase (52, 52%), TNF-α (70, 70%), glucose (69, 80%), albumin (122, 114%), MDA (55, 63%), GSH (160, 152%), GST (84, 84%), TC (86, 86%), LDL-C (83, 81%), and leptin (59, 70%) levels compared with steatosis control values. A combination of RSV or NAC with UDCA seems to ameliorate their effects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION RSV and NAC are effective on NAFLD through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering potentials, where as RSV seems better than UDCA or NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hussein Hassan Ali
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University , Beni-Sueif , Egypt and
| | - Basim Anwar Shehata Messiha
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University , Beni-Sueif , Egypt and
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15
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Gong M, Cao C, Chen F, Li Q, Bi X, Sun Y, Zhan Z. Electroacupuncture Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via Amp-Activated Protein Kinase (Ampk) Activation in Obese Rats. Acupunct Med 2016; 34:209-14. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Electroacupuncture (EA) may offer an effective alternative approach for the treatment of obesity. EA mobilizes energy stores, but its effect on hepatic lipid metabolism is unknown, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective To examine the effect of EA on hepatic lipid accumulation in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats, and to explore potential underlying mechanisms. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal diet (control group, n=10) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Those exhibiting diet-induced obesity were subdivided into two groups, one receiving EA (DIO+EA group, n=10) and one left untreated (DIO group, n=10) and observed for a further 4 weeks. Body, liver and fat pad weight were measured, and liver injury was assessed histologically as well as by measuring serum values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol were quantified by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Expression of liver AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) was measured by Western blotting. Results EA treatment led to a reduction in body, liver and fat pad weight in DIO rats. This was accompanied by decreases in hepatic TG and total cholesterol values, fatty droplet accumulation, and serum concentrations of ALT and AST. Furthermore, EA treatment restored phosphorylation levels of AMPK (Thr172) and ACC (Ser79) inhibited by HFD, and increased CPT-1 expression. Conclusions EA reduces HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, an effect that appears to be mediated through AMPK signalling pathways. Our results shed new light on the mechanisms by which EA may reduce obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Gong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Cao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengli Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinong Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Zhan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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