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Ou X, Chen J, Li B, Yang Y, Liu X, Xu Z, Xiang X, Wang Q. Multiomics reveals the ameliorating effect and underlying mechanism of aqueous extracts of polygonatum sibiricum rhizome on obesity and liver fat accumulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155843. [PMID: 38971026 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides protect against obesity and NAFLD. However, the potential effects of PS rhizome aqueous extracts (PSRwe) on adiposity and hepatic lipid accumulation remains unexplored. PURPOSE Elucidating the impact and underlying mechanism of PSRwe on HFD-induced obesity and liver fat depostition. STUDY DESIGN 56 male mice, aged eight weeks, were divided into seven groups: Positive, four doses of PSRwe, Model, and Control. HFD was fed for eight weeks, followed by alternate-day gavage of orlistat and PSRwe for an additional eight-week period. Integrative analysis encompassing multiomics, physiological and histopathological, and biochemical indexes was employed. METHODS Body weight (BW); liver, fat and Lee's indexes; TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, AST, ALT, FFA, leptin, and adiponectin in the liver and blood; TNFα, IL-6, and LPS in the colon, plasma, and liver; H&E, PAS and oil red O staining on adipose and liver samples were examined. OGTT and ITT were conducted The gut microbiome, microbial metabolome, colonic and liver transcriptome, plasma and liver metabolites were investigated. RESULTS PSRwe at the dosage of 7.5 mg/kg demonstrated significant and consistent reduction in BW and hepatic fat deposition than orlistat. PSRwe significantly decreased TC, TG, LDL-C, LEP, FFA levels in blood and liver. PSRwe significantly enhanced the relative abundance of probiotics including Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Lactobacillus reuteri, and metabolic pathways including glycolysis and fatty acids β-oxidation. The 70 up-regulated microbial metabolites in PSRwe-treated mice mainly involved in nucleotides and amino acids metabolism, while 40 decreased metabolites primarily associated with lipid metabolism. The up-regulated colonic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) participate in JAK-STAT/PI3K-Akt/FoxO signaling pathway, serotonergic/cholinergic/glutamatergic synapses, while the down-regulated DEGs predominantly focused on fat absorption and transport. The up-regulated liver DEGs mainly concentrated on fatty acid oxidation and metabolism. Liver metabolisms revealed 131 differential metabolites, among which carnitine and oxidized lipids significantly increased in PSRwe-treated mice. In plasma, the 58 up-regulated metabolites mainly participate in co-factors/vitamins metabolism while 154 down-regulated ones in fatty acids biosynthesis. Comprehensive multiomics association analysis revealed significant associations between gut microbiota and colonic/liver gene expression, and suggested exogenous and endogenous betaine may be active compound in alleviating HFD-induced symptoms. CONCLUSION PSRwe effectively mitigate HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by increasing beneficial bacteria, reducing colonic fat digestion/absorption, increasing hepatic lipid metabolism, and elevating betaine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ou
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China.
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Boping Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China; College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Zaoxu Xu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Xuesong Xiang
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
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Lee HS, Jung JI, Hwang JS, Hwang MO, Kim EJ. Cydonia oblonga Miller fruit extract exerts an anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:1043-1055. [PMID: 38053822 PMCID: PMC10694414 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The fruit of Cydonia oblonga Miller (COM) is used traditionally in Mediterranean region medicine to prevent or treat obesity, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. Beyond a demonstrated anti-obesity effect, the fruit was tested for the mechanism of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured for 8 days with COM fruit extract (COME) at different concentrations (0-600 µg/mL) with adipocyte differentiation medium. The cell viability was measured using an MTT assay; triglyceride (TG) was stained with Oil Red O. The expression levels of the adipogenesis-related genes and protein expression were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS COME inhibited intracellular TG accumulation during adipogenesis. A COME treatment in 3T3-L1 cells induced upregulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α phosphorylation and downregulation of the adipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α. The COME treatment reduced the mRNA expression of fatty acyl synthetase, adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase, adipocyte protein 2, and lipoprotein lipase. It increased the mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS COME inhibits adipogenesis via the AMPK signaling pathways. COME may be used to prevent and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - Jae In Jung
- Industry coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun Ji Kim
- Industry coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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Cui M, Ma Q, Zhang Z, Li W, Chen W, Liu P, Wu D, Yang Y. Semi-solid enzymolysis enhanced the protective effects of fruiting body powders and polysaccharides of Herinaceus erinaceus on gastric mucosal injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126388. [PMID: 37595717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the effects of semi-solid enzymolysis on physicochemical properties of fruiting body powders and polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus and protective effects on gastric mucosal injury. Semi-solid enzymolysis could reduce the particle size, change the microstructure of fruiting body powders, increase the contents of soluble polysaccharide (26.26-67.04 %) and uronic acid (16.97-31.12 %) and reduce the molecular weight of polysaccharides. The digestibility of fruiting body powder of H. erinaceus after semi-solid enzymolysis was increased by 31.4 %, compared with that of the fruiting body powder of H. erinaceus without enzymolysis. Semi-solid enzymolysis could enhance the protective effects of the fruiting body powders and polysaccharides on ethanol-induced human gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1) cells, increase the production of superoxide dismutase (SOD, 0-37.33 %) and catalase (CAT, 2.47-18.46 %), and inhibit the production of malonaldehyde (MDA, 2.45-19.62 %), myeloperoxidase (MPO, 0-13.54 %), interleukin (IL-6, 4.39-24.62 %) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 5.97-12.25 %). Semi-solid enzymolysis could improve the inhibition rate of the fruiting body powder on gastric ulcer (32.70-46.26 %), inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation, and protect rats with acute gastric mucosal injury against the stimulation of ethanol on gastric mucosa. In conclusion, semi-solid enzymolysis may enhance the protective effects of the fruiting body powders and polysaccharides on gastric mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Cui
- Department of Food Science, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
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Zhao L, Xu C, Zhou W, Li Y, Xie Y, Hu H, Wang Z. Polygonati Rhizoma with the homology of medicine and food: A review of ethnopharmacology, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116296. [PMID: 36841378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonati Rhizoma (PR), which contains rich national cultural connotations, is a traditional Chinese medicine with homology of medicine and food. It has been used for a long time as a tonic in China's multi-ethnic medical system, and is also used to treat diseases such as premature graying hair, deficiency of blood and essence, diabetes, hypertension, etc. Meanwhile, PR is often used as food in China, India, South Korea and other Asian countries, which can satisfy hunger and provide many health benefits. AIM OF THE REVIEW This paper systematically reviewed the ethnopharmacology, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and related applications research of PR, and provided a reference for the comprehensive applications of PR, including basic research, product development and clinical applications. This paper also refined the national application characteristics of PR, such as rich plant resources, special chemical components and anti-hidden hungry, which laid a foundation for its high value and high connotation development in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature information was collected systematically from the electronic scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Geen Medical, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of herbal medicine. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of the above literature confirmed that PR has been used in the ethnic medicine system of Asian countries such as China for thousands of years. In this paper, 12 species including official species that can be used as PR are summarized, which provide rich plant resources for PR. The chemical components in PR are divided into nutritional components and active components. The former not only contains non-starch polysaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides, which account for about 50% in PR and are recognized as high-quality diet in the world, but also contains inorganic elements and mineral elements. And a total of 199 kinds active ingredients, including saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc., were sorted out by us. The above ingredients make PR have a special property of anti-hidden hunger. Studies have shown that PR has a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as immune regulation, blood glucose regulation, lipid-lowering, antioxidant, anti-tumor, antibacterial, etc. It has been widely used in medicine, food, cosmetics, gardens and other fields. CONCLUSIONS PR, as a classic medicinal material of the same origin, is widely used in the traditional ethnic medicine system. It contains abundant potential plant resources, chemical components and pharmacological activities. This paper also suggests that PR with high application value in food industry, has the potential to become a high-quality coarse grain. Exploring the way of grain and industrialization of PR is beneficial to fully develop the economic value of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chunyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Weiling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Holistic Integrative Medicine Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Qiang Medicine Standard Research Promotion Base and Collaborative Innovation Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Ou X, Wang X, Zhao B, Zhao Y, Liu H, Chang Y, Wang Z, Yang W, Zhang X, Yu K. Metabolome and transcriptome signatures shed light on the anti-obesity effect of Polygonatum sibiricum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1181861. [PMID: 37143889 PMCID: PMC10151794 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1181861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the major threats to human health across the globe. The rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum have shown promising anti-obesity effect. However, the metabolic and genetic basis mediating this beneficial effect are not fully resolved. It is well known that older rhizomes of P. sibiricum exert stronger pharmacological effects. Here, we performed high-resolution metabolome profiling of P. sibiricum rhizomes at different growth stages, and identified that three candidate anti-obesity metabolites, namely phloretin, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, accumulated more in adult rhizomes. To elucidate the genetic basis controlling the accumulation of these metabolites, we performed transcriptome profiling of rhizomes from juvenile and adult P. sibiricum. Through third-generation long-read sequencing, we built a high-quality transcript pool of P. sibiricum, and resolved the genetic pathways involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of phloretin, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed altered expression of the genetic pathways in adult rhizomes, which likely lead to higher accumulation of these candidate metabolites. Overall, we identified several metabolic and genetic signatures related to the anti-obesity effect of P. sibiricum. The metabolic and transcriptional datasets generated in this work could also facilitate future research on other beneficial effects of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ou
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobin Ou, ; Xuebin Zhang, ; Ke Yu,
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, China
| | - Yuankai Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobin Ou, ; Xuebin Zhang, ; Ke Yu,
| | - Ke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobin Ou, ; Xuebin Zhang, ; Ke Yu,
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Su J, Wang Y, Yan M, He Z, Zhou Y, Xu J, Li B, Xu W, Yu J, Chen S, Lv G. The beneficial effects of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. superfine powder on metabolic hypertensive rats via gut-derived LPS/TLR4 pathway inhibition. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154404. [PMID: 36075182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic hypertension (MH) is characterized by elevated blood pressure accompanied by metabolic abnormalities, with the gut-derived lipopolysaccharide/toll like receptor 4 (LPS/TLR4) pathway an important triggering mechanism. The conventional Chinese plant Polygonatum sibiricum Red. is traditionally used as a medicinal and edible food source. Currently, several studies have examined its anti-obesity and anti-diabetic actions, with potential roles for MH treatment; however, specific P. sibiricum Red. roles in MH and associated mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVES Our purpose was to identify the effects and mechanisms of P. sibiricum Red. superfine powder (PSP) in a MH rat model triggered by high sugar and high fat compounds in an excessive alcohol diet (ACHSFDs). METHODS A MH rat model was induced by ACHSFDs, and PSP was administered daily at 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg doses, respectively. Firstly, the effects of PSP on MH were assessed using blood pressure, serum lipid, and lipid deposition assays in the liver. Changes in intestinal flora were detected by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, while metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and LPS levels were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to evaluate histopathological changes in the rat colon. d-lactic acid (d-LA) levels and tight junction proteins (TJPs) expression were also measured to assess intestinal barrier function. Also, aortic endothelial microstructures, serum endothelin 1 (ET-1), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were investigated to determine vascular endothelial function. Finally, the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in the aorta and gut was evaluated by western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Blood pressure and blood lipid metabolism disorders induced by ACHSFDs in MH rats were improved by PSP administration. Intestinal flora analyses revealed decreased SCFAs and LPS levels following PSP administration, which was accompanied by increased Streptococcus species levels and decreased Desulfobacter and Desulfovibrio species levels. PSP increased SCFAs levels, and the expression of SCFAs receptors GPCR41 and GPCR43 in the colon. Meanwhile, the expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) such as Claudin-1, occludin were upregulated in the ileum and colon, while TLR4 and MyD88 were downregulated, thereby strengthening intestinal barrier integrity and reducing serum LPS levels. Additionally, PSP treatment improved vascular endothelial function by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in vessels, improving vascular endothelial cell shedding, and regulating the NO and ET-1 balance. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the beneficial effects and potential mechanisms of PSP in our MH rat model. Based on gut microbiota structure modulation and intestinal barrier improvements, PSP inhibited LPS-induced vascular TLR4/MyD88 signaling activation to improve vascular endothelial function, which in turn reduced blood pressure. Our study provides valuable insights on PSP therapy for MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanfeng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Li X, Chen Q, Liu G, Xu H, Zhang X. Chemical elucidation of an arabinogalactan from rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum with antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:730-738. [PMID: 34520778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum is traditionally used as Chinese medicine for immunity enhancement. Exploration of polysaccharides from Polygonatum species would provide a wider insight into the studies on their chemical structures and function activities. In this study, the alkali-extracted polysaccharide from P. sibiricum (PSP) was isolated and examined. The polysaccharide was firstly isolated by ion-exchange chromatography equipped with DE52 column, followed by isolated through Superdex-200 column. The obtained PSPJWA fraction was a homogenous one with average molecular weight of 141 kDa. The monosaccharide composition was galactose, arabinose and rhamnose in a ratio of 14:4:1. The glycosidic linkages of PSPJWA fraction were indicated to be Araf-(1→, →5)-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-Araf-(1→, Galp-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-Galp-(1→ and →2,4)-Rhap-(1→ residue by methylation analysis. NMR and enzymatic studies showed that PSPJWA was a novel arabinogalactan-type structure. PSPJW polysaccharides with different molecular weight and similar chemical structure had different antioxidant activities. Together, P. sibiricum polysaccharide has the potential to be a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Guoku Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Hairong Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
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Li XL, Ma RH, Zhang F, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Wang S, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Evolutionary research trend of Polygonatum species: a comprehensive account of their transformation from traditional medicines to functional foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34669530 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1993783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the advances in Polygonatum research, there is a huge interest in harnessing the valuable functional ingredients of this genus with the potential for functional foods. This review emphasizes the different aspects of Ploygonatum based research starting from its bioactive compounds, their structural characterization, various extraction methods, as well as biological activities. In view of its integral use as an essential medicinal plant, our review emphasizes on its promising food applications both as an ingredient and as a whole food, and its improved health benefits with potential for agricultural and environmental relevance are also discussed. As we collated the recent research information, we present the main challenges and limitations of the current research trend in this area which can upgrade the further expansion of Polygonatum-related research that will strengthen its economic and accessible nutritional value in the food and health industries. By highlighting the need for the unattended species, this review not only fills existing research gaps, but also encourages the researchers to find new avenues for the natural production of bio-based functional materials and the development of highly functional and health-promoting foods for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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The Anti-Obesity Effects of Lemon Fermented Products in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and in a Rat Model with High-Calorie Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082809. [PMID: 34444969 PMCID: PMC8398352 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemon (Citrus limon) has antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and blood lipid-lowering properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of the lemon fermented product (LFP) which is lemon fermented with Lactobacillus OPC1 to prevent obesity. The inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is examined using a Wistar rat model fed a high-fat diet to verify the anti-obesity efficacy and mechanism of LFP. Here, it was observed that LFP reduced cell proliferation and inhibited the lipid accumulation (8.3%) of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, LFP reduced body weight (9.7%) and fat tissue weight (25.7%) of rats; reduced serum TG (17.0%), FFA (17.9%), glucose (29.3%) and ketone body (6.8%); and increased serum HDL-C (17.6%) and lipase activity (17.8%). LFP regulated the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, HSL, ATGL, FAS, and AMPK). Therefore, LFP reduces body weight and lipid accumulation by regulating the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Overall, our results implicate LFP as a potential dietary supplement for the prevention of obesity.
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10
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Hu J, Cheng H, Xu J, Liu J, Xing L, Shi S, Wang R, Wu Z, Yu N, Peng D. Determination and analysis of monosaccharides in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides from different areas by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole trap tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3506-3515. [PMID: 34268859 PMCID: PMC9292008 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We wanted to explore a new method for the determination of monosaccharides in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole trap tandem mass spectrometry. In this study, hydrochloric acid was used instead of trifluoroacetic acid to hydrolyze polysaccharides, and hydrolysis time was greatly reduced from 5-9 h to 1 h. The 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone was used for pre-column derivatization of monosaccharides. The parameters of linearity (R2 > 0.999), stability (1.63-2.52%), intra-day and inter-day precision (0.69-0.95%, 1.81-2.77%), repeatability (1.89-2.65%), and recovery (97.63-102.24%) of the method were verified. Satisfactory validation results showed this method could be used to determine the target components. The results indicated the polysaccharide contained glucose, mannose, rhamnose, galactose, ribose, and arabinose. Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution and principal component analysis were used to build an evaluation model based on the monosaccharide composition. The evaluation results showed that the samples from the Qingyang County of Anhui Province were the best when the monosaccharides were used as the evaluation index. Therefore, a new method was established to detect the monosaccharide content of polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and comprehensively evaluate the quality of Chinese medicines with polysaccharides as the main active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - He Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Suying Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Qingyang Jiuhua traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Qingyang, P. R. China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
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11
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Yang B, Sun J, Liang S, Wu P, Lv R, He Y, Li D, Sun W, Song X. Prediction of Srebp-1 as a Key Target of Qing Gan San Against MAFLD in Rats via RNA-Sequencing Profile Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680081. [PMID: 34290609 PMCID: PMC8289482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to treat this disease has attracted increasing attention. The Qing Gan San (QGS) formula comprises Polygonatum sibiricum, the peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco, the leaves of Morus alba L, Cichorium intybus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, and Cirsium setosum. The present study aimed to uncover the anti-hyperlipidaemic effects, hepatic fat accumulation-lowering effects and mechanisms of QGS in high-fat diet-induced MAFLD rats. QGS significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in both serum and liver tissue and partially protected hepatic function. Additionally, QGS significantly ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation with histopathology observation, as demonstrated by H&E and oil red O staining. RNA sequencing was used to further investigate the key genes involved in the development and treatment of MAFLD. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the gene expression profiles in rats with MAFLD were reversed to normal after QGS treatment. QGS had 222 potential therapeutic targets associated with MAFLD. Enrichment analysis among these targets revealed that QGS affected biological functions/pathways such as the regulation of lipid metabolic processes (GO: 0019216) and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathway (hsa04932), and identified Srebp-1 as a key regulator in the synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides. Subsequently, both immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses demonstrated that QGS suppressed the transfer of Srebp-1 to the nucleus from the cytoplasm, suggesting that the activation of Srebp-1 was inhibited. Our study reveals the effects and mechanisms of QGS in the treatment of MAFLD and provides insights and prospects to further explore the pathogenesis of MAFLD and TCM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Jingyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Peixuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Rui Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yanping He
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Deqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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12
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Liu B, Tang Y, Song Z, Ge J. Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche polysaccharide ameliorates HFD‑induced mouse obesity via regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:501. [PMID: 33982779 PMCID: PMC8134871 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to elucidate the role of Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche polysaccharide (PSP) in high‑fat diet (HFD)‑induced mouse obesity and investigated the primary molecular mechanism underlaying these effects. An obese mouse model was established by feeding HFD and three doses of PSP were administered intragastrically. Changes in body weight, serum lipids and parameters were recorded and the mechanism was explored by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Body weight, blood lipids, blood glucose, insulin, resistin, adiponectin, liver weight and abdominal fat pads weight were reduced by PSP and abnormal expression levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF‑α, IL‑6, IL‑1β and iNOS and lipid metabolism genes such as FAS, SREBP‑1, PPARα and CPT‑1were also reversed by PSP. The 5' adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was activated in PSP mouse liver, leading to lipid‑lowering and anti‑inflammatory effects. The results therefore suggested that PSP exhibited lipid‑lowering and anti‑inflammatory effects by activating the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
- Central South Food Science Institute of Grain and Oil Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410100, P.R. China
- Hunan Grain Group Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410100, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Song
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
- Medical College, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
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13
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Purification, structural characterization and in vivo immunoregulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:688-694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis) seed extracts attenuate adipogenesis by down-regulating PPARγ/ SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Efficacy of Polygonatum sibiricum on Mild Insomnia: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081719. [PMID: 31349690 PMCID: PMC6723095 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) rhizome, which contains glyceryl-1-monolinoleate as its primary active component, has been shown to improve insomnia in animal models. Based on these findings, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of PS rhizome extract in improving sleep quality in individuals with mild insomnia. Eighty individuals with mild insomnia were enrolled in a four-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of PS rhizome extract (500 mg/day, n = 40, PS group) or placebo (n = 40, placebo group). The primary outcome measure was change in total score on the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) to indicate sleep quality. The secondary outcome measures included change in actigraphy data and perfusion levels in the brain regions within the default mode network (DMN), which is known to play a key role in insomnia. The PS group showed greater improvement in the total AIS score with a significant increase in total sleep time, relative to the placebo group. In addition, significant group-by-visit interactions were observed in the perfusion level of the medial prefrontal cortex within the DMN. Findings of the current study provide first evidence that PS rhizome extract could be an effective natural ingredient for improving sleep in mild insomnia using a human model.
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16
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Yangyin Qingre Huoxue Method in Traditional Chinese Medicine Ameliorates Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice Suffering from High-Fat Diet and HSP65 Aggression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2531979. [PMID: 30713570 PMCID: PMC6332951 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2531979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complicated arterial disease resulting from abnormal lipid deposition and inflammatory injury, which is attributed to Yin deficiency, accumulation of heat materials, and stasis of blood flow in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory. Thus, according to TCM theory, the method of nourishing Yin (Yangyin), clearing away heat (Qingre), and promoting blood circulation (Huoxue) is a reasonable strategy, which has achieved remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment of AS, but the mechanisms remain to be known. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Yangyin Qingre Huoxue Prescription (YQHP) on AS in ApoE-/- mice suffering from a high-fat diet and heat shock protein (HSP65) attack. YQHP regulated levels of blood lipids and inflammation-linked cytokines as well as Th17/Treg ratio in peripheral blood. Suppressed IL-6-p-STAT3 signaling and restored IL-2-p-STAT5 signaling in the presence of YQHP may partake in the regulation of Th17 and Treg differentiation. Moreover, YQHP modulated transcriptional levels of costimulator CD80 in aortas as well corresponding to the downregulation of GM-CSF in serum and CD3 expression in CD4+ T cells, which might indicate the potential of YQHP to regulate antigen presenting cells. All these effects eventually promoted the improvement of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, YQHP promoted less monocyte infiltration in the liver and lower levels of AST, ALT, and AKP production than simvastatin. Conclusively, lipid-regulating and anti-inflammatory functions mediated by YQHP with lower hepatotoxicity than simvastatin hindered the progression of HSP65 aggravated AS in ApoE-/- mice, indicating the effectiveness of Yangyin Qingre Huoxue Method in the treatment of AS.
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17
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Rahman MM, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Kim SH, Go HK, Kweon MH, Kim DH. Desalted Salicornia europaea powder and its active constituent, trans-ferulic acid, exert anti-obesity effects by suppressing adipogenic-related factors. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56. [PMID: 29521146 PMCID: PMC6130585 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1436073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salicornia europaea (Amaranthaceae) (SE) has been shown to reduce obesity, but it remains a problem as a food supplement because of its high salt content (25-35% NaCl). OBJECTIVES This study investigated the anti-obesity effects and mechanism of action of desalted SE powder (DSP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50) were divided into a normal control group (NC), a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity control group (HFD), and HFD groups co-administered DSP (250 and 500 mg/kg) or Garcinia cambogia (Clusiaceae) extract (GE, 200 mg/kg, standard control) orally each day for 12 weeks. RESULTS The body weight was significantly reduced by co-administration of DSP (596.51 ± 19.84 kg, 4.60% and 562.08 ± 9.74 kg, 10.10%, respectively) and GE (576.00 ± 11.29 kg, 7.88%) relative to the HFD group (625.25 ± 14.02 kg) and was accompanied by reduced abdominal fat mass, and serum lipid levels, with no effects on feed intake. To find the underlying mechanism of the anti-obesity effects, trans-ferulic acid (TFA) was identified as the main ingredient and investigated with regard to whether it attenuated adipogenesity in 3T3L-1 cells. DSP-derived TFA suppressed adipocyte differentiation and accumulation of intracellular lipids. TFA also down-regulated the adipogenesis-related gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α and fatty acid synthase. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DSP may be considered for use as a food supplement intent of controlling obesity through its antiobesity and antiadipogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- Research Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Research Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biofood research, Knotus Life Science Inc, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyu Go
- Research Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyang Kweon
- Research Center, Phyto Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Research Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Do-Hyung KimResearch Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, 189 Donggureung-Ro, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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18
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Jo K, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome promotes sleep by regulating non-rapid eye movement and GABAergic/serotonergic receptors in rodent models. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:167-175. [PMID: 29857295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the sleep-promoting effect of a water extract of the Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome (PSE) in rodent models. PSE contained oleamide (0.10 mg/g extract) and glyceryl monolinoleate (0.17 mg/g extract), which are recognized as sleep-promoting substances. In pentobarbital-induced sleep model at hypnotic level, PSE (160 mg/kg) administration significantly decreased sleep latency time by 29% (2.7 min) and increased sleep duration time by 70% (68.4 min) compared with the normal control (3.8 min and 40.7 min, respectively). In the electroencephalography (EEG) analysis of rats, PSE-mediated sleep promotion accompanied the change of sleep architecture including increase of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and decrease of REM. This sleep promoting effect was more obvious in caffeine-induced awakening model; total sleep time was increased by 40% along with increased NREM by PSE treatment at 160 mg/kg. In addition, PSE significantly increased the protein and mRNA levels of GABAA-R2 and 5-HT1A receptor, the major sleep-related neurotransmitter receptors. Furthermore, glyceryl monolinoleate and oleamide effectively bound to GABAA receptor in a competitive binding assay. These results indicate that PSE-mediated sleep-promoting effect is associated with the extension of NREM and upregulation of GABAA-R2 and 5-HT1A, and is mediated by binding to the GABAA receptor in vertebrate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Zhao P, Zhao C, Li X, Gao Q, Huang L, Xiao P, Gao W. The genus Polygonatum : A review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:274-291. [PMID: 29246502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Qingzhi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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20
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Long T, Liu Z, Shang J, Zhou X, Yu S, Tian H, Bao Y. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides play anti-cancer effect through TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:813-821. [PMID: 29343453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-cancer effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into normal saline (NS) group, adriamycin (ADM) group, PSP group and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group. RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without TLR4 inhibitor or MyD88 inhibitor. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions, respectively. ELISA and Griess reaction was used to measure cytokines and NO levels. Flow cytometry was employed to examine T-lymphocyte subset and CCK-8 assay was used for cell viability. RESULTS The in vivo experiment found that PSP inhibited tumor growth and improved the spleen index, thymus index, the cytokines secretion and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes ratio. Compared with the NS group, the mRNA and protein expressions of the critical nodes inTLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways (except TRAM) significantly increased in PSP group, as well as the NO and cytokines levels. Nevertheless, PSP had no obvious effects on TRAM. Further analysis showed that PSP effects on the critical nodes in TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways were suppressed by inhibitor in vitro. CONCLUSION The immunoenhancement effect of PSP against lung cancer is mediated by TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- The Second Clinic College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingchuan Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yixi Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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21
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New insights into the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas for the treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:14. [PMID: 28127706 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-016-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by an increasing osseous fragility and fracture resulting from the low mass and deteriorated microarchitecture in the bone tissue. The hormone replacement therapy and alendronate were frequently used to treat osteoporosis as the primary therapeutic strategy, but their adverse effects have severely limited their extensive clinical application, therefore, it is urgent to develop alternative or complementary therapeutic agents for anti-osteoporosis. Interestingly, with more people focusing on the complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese herbs and formulas are being gradually recognized as safe and effective agents in the treatment of osteoporosis. In particular, a notable trend is that increasing studies are making efforts to clarify the anti-osteoporotic effects and mechanism of the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas, a category of agents identified as effective therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas that have been reported in the treatment of osteoporosis as well as how the agents play their roles in detail. This current study not only will advance our understanding of the actions of tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas, but also provide new evidence for the clinic use of the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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22
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Wang Y, Qin S, Pen G, Chen D, Han C, Miao C, Lu B, Su C, Feng S, Li W, Han J, Cho NC, Si Y. Original Research: Potential ocular protection and dynamic observation of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against streptozocin-induced diabetic rats' model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:92-101. [PMID: 27510582 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216663866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular complications associated with diabetes mellitus are progressive and becoming one of the most important causes of morbidity worldwide. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide, an important component of Polygonatum sibiricum, on ocular complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats. Sprague Dawley rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin(60 mg/kg, i.v.) and then the rats were treated with Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg.d by gavage for 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis indicated that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin in blood and elevated the levels of insulin and C-peptide in plasma of diabetes mellitus rats in a dose-dependent manner. Physical measurements revealed that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide improved clinical symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and weight loss in diabetes mellitus rats. The content of malondialdehyde and activity of superoxide dismutase in plasma were determined, and the data showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide suppressed oxidative stress reaction. Lens opacification was observed using slit lamp illumination, and the data showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide delayed cataract progression in a dose-dependent manner. Electroretinogram showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide treatment reversed the decrease of electroretinogram b and OPs2 waves' amplitudes. Flash-visual evoked potential test indicated that the peak time of P2 wave was prolonged, and the amplitude of N2-P2 was lowered in diabetes mellitus group, and Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide suppressed these changes. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide alleviated the retinal vasculopathy in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results suggest that the administration of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy and cataract through alleviating hyperglycemia and reducing oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea (past position).,Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Guoqing Pen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Chunrun Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Baojin Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Shanlong Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Nam C Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea (past position)
| | - Yanhong Si
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
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23
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Polygonatum stenophyllum improves menopausal obesity via regulation of lipolysis-related enzymes. J Nat Med 2016; 70:789-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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