1
|
Xia N, Xu L, Huang M, Xu D, Li Y, Wu H, Mei Z, Yu Z. Neuroprotection of macamide in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease involves Nrf2 signaling pathway and gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176638. [PMID: 38734297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of macamide's neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) were investigated in the paper. Macamides are considered as unique ingredients in maca. Improvement effects and mechanisms of macamide on cognitive impairment have not been revealed. In this study, Vina 1.1.2 was used for docking to evaluate the binding abilities of 12 main macamides to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). N-benzyl-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienamide (M 18:2) was selected to study the following experiments because it can stably bind to AChE with a strong binding energy. The animal experiments showed that M 18:2 prevented the scopolamine (SCP)-induced cognitive impairment and neurotransmitter disorders, increased the positive rates of Nrf2 and HO-1 in hippocampal CA1, improved the synaptic plasticity by maintaining synaptic morphology and increasing the synapse density. Moreover, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus, serum, and colon were reduced by M 18:2. Furthermore, M 18:2 promoted colonic epithelial integrity and partially restored the composition of the gut microbiota to normal, including decreased genera Clostridiales_unclassified and Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, as well as increased genera Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Muribaculum, Alistipes, and Bacteroides, which may be the possible biomarkers of cognitive aging. In summary, M 18:2 exerted neuroprotective effects on SCP-induced AD mice possibly via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and modulating the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nengyin Xia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lingyun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Dengrui Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zejun Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao H, Zhu S, Li Y, Huang D. The Synergistic Effect of Compound Sugar with Different Glycemic Indices Combined with Creatine on Exercise-Related Fatigue in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:489. [PMID: 38338624 PMCID: PMC10855471 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a compound sugar (CS) with different glycemic index sugars was formulated via hydrolysis characteristics and postprandial glycemic response, and the impact of CS and creatine emulsion on exercise-related fatigue in mice was investigated. Thirty-five C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups to supply different emulsions for 4 weeks: initial emulsion (Con), glucose emulsion (62 mg/10 g MW glucose; Glu), CS emulsion (62 mg/10 g MW compound sugar; CS), creatine emulsion (6 mg/10 g MW creatine; Cr), and CS and creatine emulsion (62 mg/10 g MW compound sugar, 6 mg/10 g MW creatine, CS-Cr). Then, the exhaustion time of weight-bearing swimming and forelimb grip strength were measured to evaluate the exercise capacity of mice, and some fatigue-related biochemical indexes of blood were determined. The results demonstrated that the ingestion of CS significantly reduced the peak of postprandial blood glucose levels and prolonged the energy supply of mice compared to ingesting an equal amount of glucose. Mouse exhaustion time was 1.22-fold longer in the CS group than in the glucose group. Additionally, the supplementation of CS increased the liver glycogen content and total antioxidant capacity of mice. Moreover, the combined supplementation of CS and creatine increased relative forelimb grip strength and decreased blood creatine kinase activity. The findings suggested that the intake of CS could enhance exercise capacity, and the combined supplementation of CS and creatine has a synergistic effect in improving performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Song Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou H, Zhang X, Huang R, Su T. Antifatigue effects and antioxidant activity in polysaccharide fractions from Chinese yam bulbils. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1218-1229. [PMID: 38370048 PMCID: PMC10867482 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the principal component in Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) bulbils. The properties and antifatigue of polysaccharides from yam bulbils (PYB) were identified and compared. Their molecular weights (PYB-1 and PYB-2) were approximately 145 and 11 kDa, respectively, with active β-configurations. Meanwhile, the antifatigue activities of PYBs were tested in mice via exhaustive swimming tests (EST). The EST results indicated that PYB-1 and PYB-2 significantly prolonged swimming time in mice (p < .05). Associated with this increase was a rise in hepatic glycogen content and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) activity, along with a decline in blood urea nitrogen, lactic acid, and malondialdehyde levels. The results showed that molecular weight might contribute to the antifatigue effects of PYBs. Additionally, antioxidant tests showed that PYB-1 had stronger free-radical scavenging activity than PYB-2. Taken together, the findings indicated that PYBs exhibited effective antifatigue and antioxidant activities providing additional evidence supporting the use of PYBs as functional food ingredients for relieving fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Xu Zhou
- Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiangChina
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiangChina
| | - Ren‐gui Huang
- Chongqing SIIE Product Quality Testing Co., Ltd.ChongqingChina
| | - Tong‐chao Su
- Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumari N, Kumar M, Radha, Rais N, Puri S, Sharma K, Natta S, Dhumal S, Damale RD, Kumar S, Senapathy M, Deshmukh SV, Anitha T, Prabhu T, Shenbagavalli S, Balamurugan V, Lorenzo JM, Kennedy JF. Exploring apple pectic polysaccharides: Extraction, characterization, and biological activities - A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128011. [PMID: 37951444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) is a popular and ancient fruit of the Myrtaceae family. Apple fruit is well-known for its great nutritional and phytochemical content consisted of beneficial compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, sterols, and organic acids. Polysaccharides extracted from different parts of the apple fruit, including the peel, pomace, or the whole fruit, have been extensively studied. Researchers have investigated the structural characteristics of these polysaccharides, such as molecular weight, type of monosaccharide unit, type of linkage and its position and arrangement. Besides this, functional properties and physicochemical and of apple polysaccharides have also been studied, along with the effects of extraction procedures, storage, and processing on cell wall polysaccharides. Various extraction techniques, including hot water extraction, enzymatic extraction, and solvent-assisted extraction, have been studied. From the findings, it was evident that apple polysaccharides are mainly composed of (1 → 3), (1 → 6): α-β-glycosidic linkage. Moreover, the apple polysaccharides were demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, hypoilipidemic, and enzyme inhibitory properties in vitro and in vivo. The potential applications of apple polysaccharides in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical industries have also been explored in the present review. Overall, the research on apple polysaccharides highlights their significant potential as a source of biologically active compounds with various health benefits and practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Nadeem Rais
- Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305004, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Suman Natta
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong 737106, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Rahul D Damale
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram 250110, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Sheetal Vishal Deshmukh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India
| | - T Anitha
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - T Prabhu
- Department of Spices and Plantation Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - S Shenbagavalli
- Department of Natural Resource and Management, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - V Balamurugan
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim EA, Lee YR, Lee EH, Jeong HM, Kang BS, Kim BH, Park SJ, Shim JH. Development and applications of enzymatic modified starch with high water solubility providing a continuous supply of glucose. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126107. [PMID: 37536417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Amylopectin clusters (APCs) are produced by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19). Their solubility rate in aqueous solution was found to be 16.7 %. The weight-average molecular weight of APCs is ∼105 Da, as determined by multiangle laser light scattering analysis. Side chain length analysis indicated that the relative proportions of side chains with a degree of polymerization in the ranges of 2-8 and 25-50 decreased and increased, respectively, during preparation of APCs. In the exercise experiment, the blood glucose level of rats was higher in the APC-treated group than in the groups treated with commercial carbohydrate supplement (CCD) and glucose. In the forced swimming test, the swimming time in the APC and CCD groups increased by 22.6 % and 31.1 %, respectively, compared with the glucose administration group. The insulin levels were also similar between the APC and CCD groups. However, the glycogen levels in the liver and muscles of mice were significantly higher in the APC group than control group. These results suggest that APCs could potentially enhance endurance when added to sports drinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-A Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye-Rim Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Mo Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Sik Kang
- Medience Co. Ltd., Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24232, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hak Kim
- Medience Co. Ltd., Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24232, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Jae Park
- Medience Co. Ltd., Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Shim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen J, Lu X, Chen P, Shen Y, Zheng B, Guo Z. Anti-fatigue effect of glycoprotein from hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) by-products in a behavioral mouse model. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100645. [PMID: 36968310 PMCID: PMC10034424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) is a kind of abundant marine fish, and its by-products contain rich protein resources, which can be better exploited and utilized in the food industry. In this study, the glycoprotein of hairtail by-products (GHB) was extracted using ultrasonic-assisted salt solution extraction with hairtail by-products as the raw material. The anti-fatigue effect of GHB was explored by mouse behavior experiments (shuttle box test, open field test and load swimming test). The results showed that the active escape times of the GHB group increased compared with the blank group in the shuttle box test, and the GHB group stayed in the central area for more time in the open field test. At the same time, the exhaustive swimming time of high-dose-group mice was 122.01% longer than that of the blank control group. GHB can improve the memory learning ability and activity of mice, and exert its anti-fatigue effect by eliminating excessive free radicals, slowing the metabolism of amino acids and proteins, and increasing glycogen reserves. This study provides a theoretical basis for the function mechanism of glycoprotein of hairtail by-products and the development of supplementary material in functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yijie Shen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zebin Guo
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- Corresponding author at: College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu T, Peng Z, Lai W, Shao Y, Gao Q, He M, Zhou W, Guo L, Kang J, Jin X, Yin H. The Efficient Synthesis and Anti-Fatigue Activity Evaluation of Macamides: The Unique Bioactive Compounds in Maca. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093943. [PMID: 37175353 PMCID: PMC10180231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macamides are a class of amide alkaloids that are only found in maca and are widely considered to be its bioactive marker compounds. More than thirty macamide monomers have been identified in recent years; however, it is difficult to obtain a single macamide monomer from the maca plant because of their similar structures and characteristics. We used the carbodiimide condensation method (CCM) to efficiently synthesize five typical macamides, including N-benzyl-hexadecanamide (NBH), N-benzyl-9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecenamide, N-(3-methoxybenzyl)-9Z,12Z-octadecenamide, N-benzyl-9Z,12Z-octadecenamide, and N-(3-methoxybenzyl)-9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecadienamide. All the synthesized macamides were purified by a one-step HPLC with a purity of more than 95%. NBH is the most abundant macamide monomer in natural maca, and it was selected to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of macamides. The results indicated that NBH could enhance the endurance capacity of mice by increasing liver glycogen levels and decreasing blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, blood ammonia, and blood lactic acid levels. Macamides might be the active substances that give maca its anti-fatigue active function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Miaoxin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lirong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiyao Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Anti-Fatigue Effect of Glycoprotein from Hairtail Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) on BALB/c Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061245. [PMID: 36981171 PMCID: PMC10048760 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is related to a variety of chronic diseases and has become a hot research topic in recent years. Various bioactive components have been extracted from hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus); however, none of these studies involved the anti-fatigue activity of hairtail fish glycoprotein (HGP). Thus, antioxidant experiments were conducted in vitro, and the anti-fatigue activity of HGP was further evaluated in BALB/c mice. The effects of HGP on the behavior of BALB/c mice were verified by classical behavioral experiments, and the indicators related to anti-fatigue activity were detected. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity in vitro of HGP increased gradually in the concentration range of 10 to 100 mg/mL. HGP improved the exercise ability of the mice. HGP was also found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK). The contents of liver glycogen (LG) and muscle glycogen (MG) were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased by HGP. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum and brains of the mice was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by HGP, especially in the middle- and high-dose groups. These results enhance our understanding of the anti-fatigue function of HGP and lay an important foundation for the further development and utilization of hairtail fish resources.
Collapse
|
9
|
Anti-fatigue Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicines: A Review. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:597-604. [PMID: 37063439 PMCID: PMC10102495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A third of the world's population suffers from unexplained fatigue, hugely impacting work learning, efficiency, and health. The fatigue development may be a concomitant state of a disease or the side effect of a drug, or muscle fatigue induced by intense exercise. However, there are no authoritative guides or clinical medication recommendations for various fatigue classifications. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are used as dietary supplements or healthcare products with specific anti-fatigue effects. Thus, TCM may be a potential treatment for fatigue. In this review, we outline the pathogenesis of fatigue, awareness of fatigue in Chinese and western medicine, pharmacodynamics mechanism, and substances. Additionally, we offer a comprehensive summary of fatigue and forecast the potential effect of novel herbal-based medicines against fatigue.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tao H, Shi H, Wang M, Xu Y. Macamide B suppresses lung cancer progression potentially via the ATM signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:115. [PMID: 36844627 PMCID: PMC9950334 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macamides are a class of bioactive natural products obtained from Lepidium meyenii (maca), which have been reported to exert inhibitory activity in cancer. However, their role in lung cancer is currently unknown. In the present study, macamide B was shown to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells, as determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. By contrast, macamide B induced cell apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V-FITC assay. Moreover, combined treatment with macamide B and olaparib, an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, further suppressed the proliferation of lung cancer cells. At the molecular level, the expression of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), RAD51, p53 and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased by macamide B, as determined by western blotting, whereas the expression levels of Bcl-2 were decreased. By contrast, when ATM expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA technology in A549 cells treated with macamide B, the expression levels of ATM, RAD51, p53 and cleaved caspase-3 were reduced, whereas those of Bcl-2 were increased. Consistently, cell proliferation and invasive ability were partially rescued by ATM knockdown. In conclusion, macamide B inhibits lung cancer progression by inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion, and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, macamide B may participate in regulating the ATM signaling pathway. The present study provides a potential new natural drug for treating patients with lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Tao
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Hubo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, Shandong 250102, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Xu
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Yihui Xu, Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effects and mechanism of swimming on platelet function in mice fed with a high-fat diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were randomly divided into the control group (NC), high-fat group (HF), and high-fat diet combined with swimming group (FE). The FE group swam for 60 min a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. RESULTS Compared with the NC group, the HF group had significant weight gain, dyslipidemia, abbreviated bleeding time after tail breakage, increased clot retraction, increased platelet aggregation rate, increased spread of platelets on fibrinogen, and increased pAKT level in platelets. Compared with the HF group, the FE group had lower body weight, improved dyslipidemia, prolonged bleeding time, reduced clot retraction, reduced platelet aggregation rate, decreased spread of platelets on fibrinogen, and decreased pAKT level in platelets. CONCLUSIONS By inhibiting the level of pAKT in platelets, swimming improves platelet dysfunction in mice fed with a high-fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Su
- Department of Physical Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruzhuan Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology Rongcheng Campus, Weihai, China
| | - Weihua Bian
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The fast and the curious III: speed, endurance, activity, and exploration in mice. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-023-03302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
13
|
Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Strategy for Simultaneous Extraction of Five Macamides from Lepidium meyenii Walp and In Vitro Bioactivities. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020248. [PMID: 36673339 PMCID: PMC9858098 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an integrated approach of deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (DES-UAE) to simultaneously extract five major bioactive macamides from the roots of Lepidium meyenii Walp. Ten different DESs containing choline chloride and selected hydrogen-bond donors were prepared and evaluated based on the extracted macamide content determination using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Choline chloride/1,6-hexanediol in a 1:2 molar ratio with 20% water exhibited the most promising extraction efficiencies under the optimized parameters verified using single-factor optimization as well as Box-Behnken design. Using the optimized DES-UAE method, the extraction efficiencies of the five macamides were up to 40.3% higher compared to those using the most favorable organic solvent petroleum ether and were also superior to those of the other extraction methods, such as heating and combination of heating and stirring. Furthermore, using the macroporous resin HPD-100, the recoveries of the five target macamides from the DES extraction reached 85.62-92.25%. The 20 μg/mL group of the five macamide extracts showed superior neuroprotective activity against PC12 cell injury than that of the positive drug nimodipine. The macamide extracts also showed higher NO inhibition in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Thus, the developed approach was a green and potential alternative that can be used to extract bioactive macamide constituents from L. meyenii in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chai X, Pan M, Wang J, Feng M, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y. Cordycepin exhibits anti-fatigue effect via activating TIGAR/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Lee SM, Kim YH, Kim YR, Lee BR, Shin S, Kim JY, Jung IC, Lee MY. Anti-fatigue potential of Pinus koraiensis leaf extract in an acute exercise-treated mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
16
|
Ybañez-Julca RO, Palacios J, Asunción-Alvarez D, Quispe-Díaz I, Nwokocha CR, de Albuquerque RDDG. Lepidium meyenii Walp (red maca) Supplementation Prevents Acrylamide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Toxicity in Rats: Phytochemical Composition by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:460-466. [PMID: 35932411 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii Walp (red maca) is a high Andean plant cultivated since the Incas and has innumerable therapeutic properties. The study aims to identify its phytochemical composition using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and evaluate its effects on acrylamide-induced oxidative stress. The lyophilized aqueous extract of red maca (LAqE-RM) was orally administered in doses of 1 and 2 g/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver, as well as hepatic levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. Administration of acrylamide for 2 and 4 weeks significantly increased (p < 0.001) MDA levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver. However, LAqE-RM prevented (p < 0.001) an increase in MDA levels in all tissues studied. Likewise, the groups treated with LAqE-RM presented significantly (p < 0.001) lower levels of ALT and AST compared to the control. Treatment with LAqE-RM ameliorated the acrylamide-induced oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver and by lowering liver levels of ALT and AST in a dose-dependent manner. Twenty-five secondary metabolites were identified and characterized from LAqE-RM based on UHPLC mass spectrophotometry. These include carbolines, alkamides, fatty acids, and macamides, which are probably involved in their antioxidant protective role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto O Ybañez-Julca
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú.
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Daniel Asunción-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú
| | - Ivan Quispe-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú
| | - Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhu H, Liu C, Qian H. Pharmaceutical Potential of High-Altitude Plants for Fatigue-Related Disorders: A Review. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152004. [PMID: 35956482 PMCID: PMC9370126 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural plants from plateaus have been the richest source of secondary metabolites extensively used in traditional and modern health care systems. They were submitted to years of natural selection, co-evolved within that habitat, and show significant anti-fatigue-related pharmacological effects. However, currently, no review on high-altitude plants with anti-fatigue related properties has been published yet. This study summarized several Chinese traditional high-altitude plants, including Rhodiola rosea L., Crocus sativus L., Lepidium meyenii W., Hippophaerhamnoides L., which are widely used in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountains, as well as herbal markets in the plains. Based on phytopharmacology studies, deeper questions can be further revealed regarding how these plants regulate fatigue and related mental or physical disease conditions. Many active derivatives in high-altitude medical plants show therapeutic potential for the management of fatigue and related disorders. Therefore, high-altitude plants significantly relieve central or peripheral fatigue by acting as neuroprotective agents, energy supplements, metabolism regulators, antioxidant, and inflammatory response inhibitors. Their applications on the highland or flatland and prospects in natural medicine are further forecast, which may open treatments to reduce or prevent fatigue-related disorders in populations with sub-optimal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yi D, Yoshikawa M, Sugimoto T, Tomoo K, Okada Y, Hashimoto T. Effects of Maca on Muscle Hypertrophy in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126825. [PMID: 35743270 PMCID: PMC9224786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, sarcopenia and the associated locomotor disorders, have become serious problems. The roots of maca contain active ingredients (triterpenes) that have a preventive effect on sarcopenia. However, the effect of maca on muscle hypertrophy has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the effects and mechanism of maca on muscle hypertrophy by adding different concentrations of yellow maca (0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL) to C2C12 skeletal muscle cell culture. Two days after differentiation, maca was added for two days of incubation. The muscle diameter, area, differentiation index, and multinucleation, were assessed by immunostaining, and the expression levels of the proteins related to muscle protein synthesis/degradation were examined by Western blotting. Compared with the control group, the muscle diameter and area of the myotubes in the maca groups were significantly increased, and the cell differentiation index and multinucleation were significantly higher in the maca groups. Phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was elevated in the maca groups. Maca also promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK. These results suggest that maca may promote muscle hypertrophy, differentiation, and maturation, potentially via the muscle hypertrophic signaling pathways such as Akt and mTOR, while exploring other pathways are needed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Alvarado AT, Navarro C, Pineda M, Villanueva L, Muñoz AM, Bendezú MR, Chávez H, García JA. Activity of Lepidium meyenii Walp (purple maca) in immunosuppressed Oryctolagus cuniculus (albino rabbits). PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e80033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various properties are attributed to “maca”, including immunomodulatory properties due to its secondary metabolites such as macamides, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and flavonoids. Immunosuppression, hemolytic anemia, and thymic involution were induced with cyclophosphamide. Three concentrations of doses of dehydrated hydroalcoholic extract of purple maca (EHADM) were used for 30 days, the analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple comparisons test the results are statistically significant (p<.05) which shows immunostimulatory activity in the marrow bone (monocytes, lymphocytes and white blood cells) and antianemic (hematocrit 31%) compared to the negative control group (G-1). At 84 mg/kg and at 167 mg/kg, it shows immunomodulatory activity on the humoral response in 66.70% of the experimental animals (G-3 and G-4). It is concluded that the dehydrated hydroalcoholic extract of purple maca presents immunostimulating and immunomodulatory activity on the humoral response in 66.7% of the Oryctolagus cuniculus induced to immunodeficiency with cyclophosphamide.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Z, Zhu H, Hua H, Liu C, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Du P, Qian H. Anti-fatigue activity of Brassica rapa L. extract and correlation among biochemical changes in forced swimming mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
21
|
Ibrahim RM, Elmasry GF, Refaey RH, El-Shiekh RA. Lepidium meyenii (Maca) Roots: UPLC-HRMS, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17339-17357. [PMID: 35647470 PMCID: PMC9134390 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii or Maca is widely cultivated as a health care food supplement due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Although there are a few in-depth studies evaluating Maca antihypertensive effects, the correlations between the chemical constituents and bioactivity of the plant have not been studied before. Thus, the roots were extracted using different solvents (aqueous, methanol, 50% methanol, and methylene chloride) and investigated for their antihypertensive and antioxidant activities through several in vitro assays. The methanolic extract exhibited the best renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 24.79 ± 1.3 ng/mL and 22.02 ± 1.1 ng/mL, respectively, along with the highest antioxidant activity. In total, 120 metabolites from different classes, e.g., alkylamides, alkaloids, glucosinolates, organic acids, and hydantoin derivatives, were identified in the methanolic extract using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/HRMS). Molecular docking simulations were used to investigate the potential binding modes and the intermolecular interactions of the identified compounds with ACE and renin active sites. Glucotropaeolin, β-carboline alkaloids, succinic acid, and 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclopentyl dienoic acid showed the highest affinity to target the ACE with high docking scores (S ranging from -35.32 to -22.51 kcal mol-1) compared to lisinopril (S = -36.64 kcal mol-1). Interestingly, macamides displayed the greatest binding affinity to the active site of renin with docking scores (S ranging from -22.47 to -28.25 kcal mol-1). Further, β-carbolines achieved docking scores comparable to that of the native ligand (S ranging from -13.50 to -20.06 kcal mol-1). Molecular dynamics simulations and MMPBSA were also carried out and confirmed the docking results. Additionally, the computational ADMET study predicted that the compounds attaining promising docking results had proper pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness characteristics, and safe toxicological profiles. Ultimately, our findings revealed that Maca roots could be considered a promising candidate as an antihypertensive drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada F. Elmasry
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana H. Refaey
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University of Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Riham A. El-Shiekh
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Orhan C, Gencoglu H, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Ojalvo S, Sylla S, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. Maca could improve endurance capacity possibly by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis pathways and antioxidant response in exercised rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14159. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Hasan Gencoglu
- Biology Department, Science Faculty Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Biology Department, Science Faculty Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | | | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development, Nutrition21 LLC Harrison New York USA
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang M, Tao L, Zhao CC, Wang ZL, Yu ZJ, Zhou W, Wen YL, Li LF, Tian Y, Sheng J. Antifatigue Effect of Panax Notoginseng Leaves Fermented With Microorganisms: In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:824525. [PMID: 35273989 PMCID: PMC8904179 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.824525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a common physiological phenomenon caused by many complicated factors. Excessive fatigue will lead to a series of uncomfortable reactions and damage body health. Panax notoginseng leaves (PNL) is a new resource food that good for soothing nerves, nourishing the heart, and strengthening the spleen. Microbial fermentation could increase the content of bio-ingredients and produce new active ingredients. However, the effect of fermented P. notoginseng leaves (FPNL) on antifatigue and the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the antifatigue effect of co-fermented P. notoginseng leaves by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis in-vitro and in-vivo, and its mechanism was further elucidated. The results showed that FPNL exhibited higher saponins, organic phenolic acids content, and antioxidant activity than PNL. FPNL improved ISO-induced H9c2 myocardial cell damage by alleviating apoptosis (modulating Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression) and reducing antioxidant activity in-vitro. Moreover, in-vivo experiment showed that FPNL significantly prolonged the weight-loading swimming time of mice. After gavaged FPNL, the levels of liver glycogen (LG) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were increased in mice. In contrast, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate acid, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased. In summary, our results indicated that FPNL showed a good antifatigue effect in-vivo and in-vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cun-Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Lin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Jin Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Long Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling-Fei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Fei Li
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yang Tian
| | - Jun Sheng
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Jun Sheng
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu H, Wang R, Hua H, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H, Du P. The macamide relieves fatigue by acting as inhibitor of inflammatory response in exercising mice: From central to peripheral. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174758. [PMID: 35026191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macamides are the major and unique bioactive compounds of Lepidium meyenii (Walp.) or Maca. N-benzyl-(9Z, 12Z)-octadecadienamide (N-benzyl-linoleamide) is one of the most biologically active macamides with various pharmacological activities - anti-fatigue, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-tumoral activities, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. In this study, the anti-fatigue properties of N-benzyl-(9Z, 12Z)-octadecadienamide were further evaluated by a weight-loaded forced swimming test. Results indicated N-benzyl-(9Z, 12Z)-octadecadienamide supplementation increased the forelimb grip strength of mice and exercising time remaining on the Rota-rod test. Furthermore, significant decreases in pro-inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were observed in mice receiving N-benzyl-(9Z, 12Z)-octadecadienamide treatment after a 30 min swimming test, which was equivalent to that of caffeine. Histological analysis also indicated that N-benzyl-(9Z, 12Z)-octadecadienamide attenuated damage to the liver in mice by up-regulating the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and inhibiting the expression of Interleukin (IL)-1β during exercise. Pearson correlation analysis suggested peripheral fatigue indexes, including energy sources, metabolites were significantly correlated with inflammatory factors and ROS levels. Likewise, central fatigue parameters are also associated, including hippocampal inflammatory response and hypothalamic neurotransmitters. Hence, macamides can be considered to have great potential as a natural drug with high efficiency and low side effects for fatigue management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ruoyong Wang
- Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hanyi Hua
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Peng Du
- Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chang X, Chen X, Gong P, Yang W, Wang L, Liu N, Su Y, Zhao Y. Anti‐oxidant and anti‐fatigue properties of apple pomace polysaccharides by acid or alkali extraction. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangna Chang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi’an 710021 China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi’an 710021 China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi’an 710021 China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi’an 710021 China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi’an 710021 China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi’an 710021 China
| | - Yao Su
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi’an 710021 China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi’an 710021 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Todorova V, Ivanov K, Ivanova S. Comparison between the Biological Active Compounds in Plants with Adaptogenic Properties ( Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax ginseng). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:64. [PMID: 35009068 PMCID: PMC8747685 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 1960s, research into plant adaptogens began. Plants with adaptogenic properties have rich phytochemical compositions and have been used by humanity since ancient times. However, it is not still clear whether the adaptogenic properties are because of specific compounds or because of the whole plant extracts. The aim of this review is to compare the bioactive compounds in the different parts of these plants. METHODS The search strategy was based on studies related to the isolation of bioactive compounds from Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Panax ginseng. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. RESULTS This review includes data from 259 articles. The phytochemicals isolated from Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Panax ginseng were described and classified in several categories. CONCLUSIONS Plant species have always played an important role in drug discovery because their effectiveness is based on the hundreds of years of experience with folk medicine in different nations. In our view, there is great potential in the near future for some of the phytochemicals found in these plants species to become pharmaceutical agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Velislava Todorova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.I.); (S.I.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Synergistic effect of combined oyster peptide and ginseng extracts on anti-exercise-fatigue and promotion of sexual interest activity in male ICR mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
28
|
Fermented ginseng leaf enriched with rare ginsenosides relieves exercise-induced fatigue via regulating metabolites of muscular interstitial fluid, satellite cells-mediated muscle repair and gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
29
|
Jiao M, Dong Q, Zhang Y, Lin M, Zhou W, Liu T, Yuan B, Yin H. Neuroprotection of N-benzyl Eicosapentaenamide in Neonatal Mice Following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113108. [PMID: 34067444 PMCID: PMC8197015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has emerged as a popular functional plant food because of its medicinal properties and nutritional value. Macamides, as the exclusively active ingredients found in maca, are a unique series of non-polar, long-chain fatty acid N-benzylamides with multiple bioactivities such as antifatigue characteristics and improving reproductive health. In this study, a new kind of macamide, N-benzyl eicosapentaenamide (NB-EPA), was identified from maca. We further explore its potential neuroprotective role in hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. Our findings indicated that treatment with biosynthesized NB-EPA significantly alleviates the size of cerebral infarction and improves neurobehavioral disorders after hypoxic–ischemic brain damage in neonatal mice. NB-EPA inhibited the apoptosis of neuronal cells after ischemic challenge. NB-EPA improved neuronal cell survival and proliferation through the activation of phosphorylated AKT signaling. Of note, the protective property of NB-EPA against ischemic neuronal damage was dependent on suppression of the p53–PUMA pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that NB-EPA may represent a new neuroprotectant for newborns with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Qun Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China;
| | - Wan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Baohong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zha R, Ge E, Guo L, Gao Q, Lin Q, Zhou W, Jin X, Xie W, Yin H, Liu T. A newly identified polyunsaturated macamide alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104916. [PMID: 33945874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macamides are a class of bioactive amide alkaloids found only in maca (Lepidium meyenii). Recent studies have shown that macamide-rich extracts possess various biological activities, such as antioxidative, immune-enhancing, and reproductive health-improving activities. In the present study, N-benzyl docosahexaenamide (NB-DHA), a newly identified macamide with the highest degree of unsaturation among all identified macamides, was identified from the maca extract. Microalgae oil, a docosahexaenoic acid-rich substance, was used as the starting material for the synthesis of NB-DHA. The effects of NB-DHA in colitis-induced mice were evaluated. NB-DHA significantly alleviated weight loss, shortening of colon length, and occult blood occurrence in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Histological analysis revealed that following the administration of NB-DHA in mice with colitis, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and levels of proinflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase, decreased, whereas the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 increased. Furthermore, the decreased expression of intestinal tight junction proteins caused by colitis was upregulated by the administration of NB-DHA. These results indicate that NB-DHA could be developed as a therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zha
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Enhui Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lirong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiquan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yu Z, Liu H, Li D, Chen X, Ao M, Jin W, Yu L. N-(3-Methozybenzyl)-(9 Z,12 Z,15 Z)-octadecatrienamide from maca ( Lepidium meyenii Walp.) ameliorates corticosterone-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Food Funct 2021; 11:7762-7774. [PMID: 32797129 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of maca ethanol extract (EEM) and N-(3-methozybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide (M 18:3) on corticosterone (CORT)-induced testicular toxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Except for the control group, CORT (40 mg per kg·bw) was injected subcutaneously for 21 consecutive days to induce testicular toxicity. 1 h before CORT injection, the rats were treated with EEM (400 mg per kg·bw) and M 18:3 (5 mg per kg·bw, 25 mg per kg·bw) by gavage, except for the control group and model group. Epididymal sperm and biochemical, and histological parameters were evaluated for the protective effects of the drugs. EEM (400 mg per kg·bw) and M 18:3 (5 mg per kg·bw, 25 mg per kg·bw) increased the sperm concentration and sperm motility, decreased the production of abnormal sperms, and increased the number of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules of CORT-induced rats. Moreover, EEM and M 18:3 decreased the MDA levels and the positive expression rates of TUNEL, whereas they increased the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GST, and the contents of GSH in the testicles of CORT-induced rats. Furthermore, EEM and M 18:3 alleviated CORT-induced reduction in the positive expression rates of PCNA and Ki67 in the testicles of rats. Besides, EEM and M 18:3 reduced the expression levels of Keap-1 and increased the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, γ-GCS, and NQO1 in the testicles of CORT-induced rats. In summary, the protective effects of EEM and M 18:3 may be attributed to their anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dong Li
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingzhang Ao
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu JH, Zhang RR, Peng XR, Ding ZT, Qiu MH. Lepipyrrolins A-B, two new dimeric pyrrole 2-carbaldehyde alkaloids from the tubers of Lepidium meyenii. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104834. [PMID: 33813309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nine new pyrrole alkaloids, including two undescribed dimeric pyrrole 2‑carbaldehyde alkaloids, lepipyrrolins A-B (1-2), seven pyrrole-alkaloid derivatives, macapyrrolins D-J (3-9), along with three known ones (10-12) were isolated from the rhizomes of Lepidium meyenii. Their structures and absolute configurations were demonstrated by extensive spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS), and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiment. Compounds 1, 3-12 were tested for their nitric oxide inhibitory effects. Furthermore, compound 1 was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7221, A549, MCF-7, and SW480) in vitro, and displayed selective cytotoxicity against SMMC-7721 with IC50 value of 16.78 ± 0.49 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhu H, Xu W, Wang N, Jiang W, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Hu B, Du P, Qian H. Anti-fatigue effect of Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Maca) on preventing mitochondria-mediated muscle damage and oxidative stress in vivo and vitro. Food Funct 2021; 12:3132-3141. [PMID: 33729250 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00383f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) has emerged as a popular functional plant food due to its various pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-fatigue activity. In this study, we investigated the role of Maca aqueous extract (ME) on muscle during exercise-induced fatigue both in vivo and in vitro. As a result, ME significantly enhanced mouse leg grip-strength and increased exercise endurance in the rota-rod test. ME could clear the accumulation of metabolites - blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels after weight-loaded forced swimming. Focusing on muscle, we found that the administration of ME strengthened mouse muscle structures so that exercise-induced metabolic stress was alleviated by upregulating NAD+/NADH. Furthermore, ME inhibited the reduction of the viability and accumulation of ROS by treatment with H2O2 in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. ME-induced activation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle might up-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function, thereby protecting against oxidative stress-induced damage. We concluded that the effects of Maca played a crucial role in the regulation of exercise-induced fatigue in mouse muscle, which could be expected to serve as a functional food supplement for improving exercise performance and alleviating physical fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bizinelli D, Flores Navarro F, Lima Costa Faldoni F. Maca Root ( Lepidium meyenii) Extract Increases the Expression of MMP-1 and Stimulates Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:346-356. [PMID: 33560149 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1882511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Maca root (Lepidium meyenii) extract is a worldwide consumed food supplement for sexual dysfunctions, increasing sperm production and its motility, and alleviating menopausal symptoms. Once maca root has a role in cell proliferation and motility, and its consumption may increase along with age, mainly in menopausal women, we aimed to investigate the plant effects on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Standardized maca root powdered extract showed significant cytotoxic activity in both MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells, and the IC50s were 2000 μg/ml and 3000 μg/ml, respectively. Both cell lines showed an increase in migratory capacity. Using bioinformatics tools, we established genes involved in the metastatic process, CAV1, LAMA4, and MMP-1, and the mRNAs expression was assessed by qPCR. Comparing the treated cells to the negative control, CAV1 presented a decreased expression by 2-fold in MDA-MB-231. LAMA4 presented a decrease by 4-fold in Hs578T cells. MMP-1 showed substantially increase mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 by 86-fold and in Hs578T by 5-fold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study indicating that the human consumption of maca may be dangerous due to the upregulation in MMP-1 expression and the increase in TNBC migrated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bizinelli
- University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Lima Costa Faldoni
- University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Singh N, Barnych B, Morisseau C, Wagner KM, Wan D, Takeshita A, Pham H, Xu T, Dandekar A, Liu JY, Hammock BD. N-Benzyl-linoleamide, a Constituent of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), Is an Orally Bioavailable Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor That Alleviates Inflammatory Pain. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3689-3697. [PMID: 33320645 PMCID: PMC7888481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii (maca), a plant indigenous to the Peruvian Andes, recently has been utilized globally for claimed health or recreational benefits. The search for natural products that inhibit soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), with therapeutically relevant potencies and concentrations, led to the present study on bioactive amide secondary metabolites found in L. meyenii, the macamides. Based on known and suspected macamides, 19 possible macamides were synthesized and characterized. The majority of these amides displayed excellent inhibitory potency (IC50 ≈ 20-300 nM) toward the recombinant mouse, rat, and human sEH. Quantitative analysis of commercial maca products revealed that certain products contain known macamides (1-5, 8-12) at therapeutically relevant total concentrations (≥3.29 mg/g of root), while the inhibitory potency of L. meyenii extracts directly correlates with the sum of concentration/IC50 ratios of macamides present. Considering both its in vitro efficacy and high abundance in commercial products, N-benzyl-linoleamide (4) was identified as a particularly relevant macamide that can be utilized for in vivo studies. Following oral administration in the rat, compound 4 not only displayed acceptable pharmacokinetic characteristics but effectively reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory pain. Inhibition of sEH by macamides provides a plausible biological mechanism of action to account for several beneficial effects previously observed with L. meyenii treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Singh
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Karen M. Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Ashley Takeshita
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Hoang Pham
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abhaya Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Macamides: A review of structures, isolation, therapeutics and prospects. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
37
|
Ma N, Tao H, Du H, Zhao L, Hu Q, Xiao H. Antifatigue effect of functional cookies fortified with mushroom powder (Tricholoma Matsutake) in mice. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4389-4395. [PMID: 33159467 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bakery products made by cereal and edible fungi powder have a unique flavor and health benefits, dramatically enhancing the nutritional value of the products. In this study, we investigated the antifatigue effect of a novel Tricholoma matsutake cookie (TMC) by the exhaustive swimming test. Male Kunming ICR mice were randomly divided into seven groups (each group, n = 10), fed with saline, ordinary cookies (4, 8, 16 g/kg B.W./day), and TMC (4, 8, 16 g/kg B.W./day) by gavage. After 30-day administration, the weight-loaded swimming test was carried out on the mice to evaluate the antifatigue effect of TMC. In comparison with the effect of ordinary cookies, the intake of TMC significantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time of mice and increased the level of muscle glycogen and liver glycogen, accompanied by the reduction of lactic acid and urea nitrogen level in serum. Additionally, TMC dramatically improved the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum and largely decreased the level of malondialdehyde. All in all, TMC could enforce exhaustive swimming tolerance, accelerate the decomposition of sports-related metabolites such as lactic acid and urea nitrogen, and increase the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, thereby improving sports-related energy storage and relieving fatigue. Our findings broadened the application of T. matsutake in the processing of bakery products and provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the development of antifatigue products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, we investigated the antifatigue effect of a novel Tricholoma matsutake cookie by the exhaustive swimming test. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that the cookies fortified with T. matsutake could be considered as an antifatigue bakery product. Furthermore, our findings broadened the application of T. matsutake in the processing of bakery products and provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the development of antifatigue products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongling Tao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang P, Zeng H, Lin S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Hu J. Anti-fatigue activities of hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) hydrolysate in an endurance swimming mice model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
39
|
Khadka B, Lee JY, Park DH, Kim KT, Bae JS. The Role of Natural Compounds and their Nanocarriers in the Treatment of CNS Inflammation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1401. [PMID: 33019651 PMCID: PMC7601486 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, which is involved in various inflammatory cascades in nervous tissues, can result in persistent and chronic apoptotic neuronal cell death and programmed cell death, triggering various degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroprotective effects of natural compounds against neuroinflammation are mainly mediated by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that specifically promote or inhibit various molecular signal transduction pathways. However, natural compounds have several limitations, such as their pharmacokinetic properties and stability, which hinder their clinical development and use as medicines. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and degenerative diseases of CNS. In addition, it emphasizes potential natural compounds and their promising nanocarriers for overcoming their limitations in the treatment of neuroinflammation. Moreover, recent promising CNS inflammation-targeted nanocarrier systems implementing lesion site-specific active targeting strategies for CNS inflammation are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Khadka
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Ki-Taek Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea;
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMR1, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guo H, Lin W, Wu X, Wang L, Zhang D, Li L, Li D, Tang R, Yang L, Qiu Y. Survival strategies of Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) juveniles for chronic ammonia exposure: Antioxidant defense and the synthesis of urea and glutamine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 230:108707. [PMID: 31953219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore how Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) survive and defend against the toxicity of ambient total ammonia nitrogen (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/L TA-N) during 30-day exposure. As a result, hepatic malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation as well as histopathological alterations increased with increasing TA-N level, which suggested that chronic ammonia exposure caused oxidative stress and damage in the liver of fish. Meanwhile, the activities of hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as well as the mRNA expression of Cu/Zn sod, cat, gpx and g6pd were elevated significantly along with significant reduction of glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (P < 0.05). These results indicated that hepatic antioxidant responses were activated to alleviate oxidative damages induced by ammonia, in which lower-concentration ammonia only initiate SOD-CAT-GR-G6PDH defense and higher ammonia activated the SOD-CAT-GPx-GSH-GR-G6PDH antioxidant response. In addition, significant increases of serum urea and hepatic ammonia, urea, glutamine, arginase as well as glutamine synthetase were detected with the increase of TA-N (P < 0.05), while serum ammonia levels kept stable (P > 0.05). The present findings further revealed that ammonia could be detoxified directly into glutamine and urea in Wuchang bream to cope with ammonia exposure. In conclusion, under chronic ammonia exposure, enhanced hepatic antioxidant responses as well as increased urea and glutamine synthesis worked in combination to allow Megalobrama amblycephala to defend against environmental ammonia toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wang Lin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xueyang Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lingkai Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuming Qiu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu Z, Jin W, Dong X, Ao M, Liu H, Yu L. Safety evaluation and protective effects of ethanolic extract from maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) against corticosterone and H2O2 induced neurotoxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 111:104570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
42
|
The ergogenic activity of cider vinegar: A randomized cross-over, double-blind, clinical trial. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:38-43. [PMID: 35783333 PMCID: PMC9219283 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was designed to compare the endurance capacity (ergogenic property) in healthy athletes after consumption of apple cider vinegar (ACV) and a commercial sports drink (CSD) before and during endurance exercise. Fourteen healthy participants were enrolled in this trial and were divided into two groups as ACV and CSD with seven participants in each. Participants were requested to consume 500 mL of either commercial ACV or CSD 1 h before endurance exercise (bicycle ergometer). Blood samples were collected at baseline, 0, 20, 40, 60 min until exhaustion to assess glucose, lactate, ammonia and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Respiratory exchange rate (RER) score was measured every 15 min and the heart rate (HR) was measured every 5 min. The outcome of the present trial clearly showed that no significant differences were observed between ACV and CSD except in the blood level of ammonia (only at exhaustion time). Thus, these results show that ACV and the CSD both possessing the ergogenic property, enhanced blood glucose, NEFA, and suppress the production of lactate as well as maintains normal RER score, and HR throughout the endurance exercise. Overall this trial showcases that ACV did not significantly improve the ergogenic activity over the CSD.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang S, Yang F, Shao J, Pu H, Ruan Z, Yang W, Li H. The metabolic formation profiles of macamides accompanied by the conversion of glucosinolates in maca (
Lepidium meyenii
) during natural air drying. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐Zhi Zhang
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing Science and Technology Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | - Fang Yang
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing Science and Technology Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | - Jin‐Liang Shao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650200 China
| | - Hong‐Mei Pu
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing Science and Technology Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | - Zhen‐Yuan Ruan
- Department of Landscape Architecture Yunnan Forestry Technological College Kunming 650224 China
| | - Wan‐Lin Yang
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing Science and Technology Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650223 China
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650200 China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing Science and Technology Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Carvalho FV, Ribeiro PR. Structural diversity, biosynthetic aspects, and LC-HRMS data compilation for the identification of bioactive compounds of Lepidium meyenii. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108615. [PMID: 31554140 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii is widely used as a food supplement because of its medicinal properties and nutritional value. Several studies have described the identification of its metabolites and LC-HRMS analysis is one of the most frequently used analytical tool to assess plant extract metabolome. Nevertheless, proper and reliable metabolite identification is essential for such metabolomics studies. Although HRMS distinguishes even minor changes in the metabolites structures, highly specialized secondary metabolites might not be present on available databases imposing serious obstacles for metabolite identification This review discusses the structural diversity and biosynthetic aspects of 101 compounds previously identified in L. meyenii. More importantly, we have compiled the available information on expected and experimental high-resolution masses of L. meyenii compounds. This will help upcoming metabolomics studies not only of L. meyenii but also other plant species by providing the necessary tools to perform proper and reliable identification of their bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V Carvalho
- Metabolomics Research Group, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Ribeiro
- Metabolomics Research Group, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chemical composition and health effects of maca (Lepidium meyenii). Food Chem 2019; 288:422-443. [PMID: 30902313 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) has emerged as a popular functional plant food due to various claimed health effects. This review details the major (i.e., starch, dietary fiber, and protein) and minor constituents (i.e., minerals, non-starch polysaccharides, polyphenols (flavonolignans), macaenes, macamides, glucosinolates, and alkaloids) of maca (root and aerial parts). Diverse health effects of maca are also summarized. Various bioactivities of maca include enhanced reproductive health, antifatigue, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antimicrobial activity, anticancer, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, and improving skin health and digestive system's function. Plant genetics, botanical parts, processing, extraction, and experimental protocols represent the major factors affecting the chemical composition, physicochemical attributes, and health effects of maca-based products. However, clinical studies to support the claimed health effects of maca and related mechanisms appear to be lacking. Product innovation and diversification in food and non-food utilization of different parts of maca to maximize the value perceptions are suggested.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zheng Y, Zhang WC, Wu ZY, Fu CX, Hui AL, Gao H, Chen PP, Du B, Zhang HW. Two macamide extracts relieve physical fatigue by attenuating muscle damage in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1405-1412. [PMID: 30120787 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macamides, the main active components contained in maca, have attracted increasing attention due to their various bioactivities. In this study, crude macamide extract (CME) and purified macamide extract (PME) were prepared by enzyme-assisted extraction and macroporous resin separation, and the anti-fatigue effects of CME and PME were evaluated in a forced swimming model. RESULTS The composition analysis results revealed that both CME and PME mainly contain eight kinds of macamide. Based on the results of a weight-loaded forced swimming test, compared with a control group, CME and and PME groups could prolong exhaustive swimming time, increase levels of liver glycogen (LG) and muscle glycogen (MG), accelerate fatty acid oxidation in serum to provide energy, eliminate the accumulation of blood lactic acid (BLA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and decrease the serum biomarkers for muscle damage, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Histological analysis also indicated that CME and PME attenuated damage to skeletal muscle and the myocardium in mice during exercise. CONCLUSION Two macamide extracts have a beneficial effect on relieving physical fatigue by attenuating the damage of skeletal muscle and myocardium during exercise, and a better effect was observed in the PME group. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yu Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Xiang Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Ling Hui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Han Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Peng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Biao Du
- Anhui Sunshine Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Bozhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Wei Zhang
- Anhui Sunshine Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Bozhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yu Z, Jin W, Cui Y, Ao M, Liu H, Xu H, Yu L. Protective effects of macamides from Lepidium meyenii Walp. against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23096-23108. [PMID: 35514490 PMCID: PMC9067313 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maca has attracted considerable attention owing to its neuroprotective effects in vitro and vivo. Macamides, a series of nonpolar and long-chain fatty acid N-benzylamides, are considered unique constituents in maca. This study investigated the protective effects of ethanol extracts of maca (EEM) and macamides on corticosterone-induced (CORT) neurotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. CORT reduced cell viability and increased LDH release, intracellular ROS levels, and MMP decline rate, and induced mitochondrial apoptosis. However, pretreatment with EEM and macamides ameliorated CORT-induced neurotoxicity. EEM increased the cell viability and reduced the LDH release. M 18:1, M 18:2, and M 18:3 increased cell viability and reduced LDH release and intracellular ROS generation. M 18:2 and M 18:3 inhibited MMP reduction and reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. M 18:1 reduced the intracellular ROS without affecting other factors. Moreover, M 18:3 prevented CORT-induced mitochondrial apoptosis, restrained the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, namely, Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP, and increased the expression levels of Bcl-2. In addition, M 18:3 increased Akt phosphorylation and the ability of M 18:3 to protect against CORT-induced cytotoxicity was remarkably reduced by LY294002, a PI3K phosphorylation inhibitor. M 18:3 also elevated the phosphorylation of CREB and activated the BDNF protein levels in CORT-induced PC12 cells. In conclusion, macamides, especially M 18:3, exert protective effects on CORT-induced PC12 cells. The cellular mechanism of M 18:3 against CORT-induced cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis, and activation of Akt and CREB phosphorylation. Overall, macamides may potentially treat neuronal damage induced by CORT. Neuroprotection of macamides is probably associated with inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic and the activation of the phosphorylation of Akt and CREB.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Yajie Cui
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Mingzhang Ao
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Hang Xu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract mitigates fatigue and regulates the transcriptome profile in mice. Genes Genomics 2018; 41:317-324. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
49
|
Integrated Proteomics and Lipidomics Investigation of the Mechanism Underlying the Neuroprotective Effect of N-benzylhexadecanamide. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112929. [PMID: 30424008 PMCID: PMC6278518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macamides are very important secondary metabolites produced by Lepidium meyenii Walp, which possess multiple bioactivities, especially in the neuronal system. In a previous study, we observed that macamides exhibited excellent effects in the recovery of injured nerves after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage in zebrafish. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that N-benzylhexadecanamide (XA), which is a typical constituent of macamides, improved the survival rate of neurons in vitro. We determined the concentration of neurotransmitters in MN9D cells and used it in conjunction with an integrated proteomics and lipidomics approach to investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of XA in an MPP+-induced neurodegeneration cell model using QqQ MS, Q-TOF MS, and Orbitrap MS. The statistical analysis of the results led to the identification of differentially-expressed biomarkers, including 11 proteins and 22 lipids, which may be responsible for the neuron-related activities of XA. All these potential biomarkers were closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and their levels approached those in the normal group after treatment with XA. Furthermore, seven lipids, including five phosphatidylcholines, one lysophosphatidylcholine, and one phosphatidylethanolamine, were verified by a relative quantitative approach. Moreover, four proteins (Scarb2, Csnk2a2, Vti1b, and Bnip2) were validated by ELISA. The neurotransmitters taurine and norepinephrine, and the cholinergic constituents, correlated closely with the neuroprotective effects of XA. Finally, the protein–lipid interaction network was analyzed. Based on our results, the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism and mitochondrial function were determined to be the main mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of XA. The present study should help us to better understand the multiple effects of macamides and their use in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Beharry S, Heinrich M. Is the hype around the reproductive health claims of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) justified? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:126-170. [PMID: 28811221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maca - Lepidium meyenii Walp. has been cultivated and used by Andean people for over 1300-2000 years in Peru as food and medicine. Starting in the late 1990's it has developed into an important herbal medicine in China and is now cultivated there widely, too AIM OF STUDY: This study aims to provide an insight into the emergence of maca on the global market as an alternative remedy to treat reproductive health related problems in both men and women and to critically assess these health claims. METHODOLOGY A search of electronic databases such as EMBASE and a hand-search was done to acquire peer-reviewed articles and reports about maca. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Lepidium meyenii is used traditionally as a tonic, fertility enhancer for both humans and cattle, and to treat a variety of ailments such as rheumatism, respiratory disorders and anaemia among others. Maca root is cooked, baked, fermented as a drink and made into porridge. In the last twenty years, maca was introduced onto the global market and demand has dramatically grown over this time with its promotion on the internet, as the 'Peruvian Ginseng' for libido and fertility enhancement. It has also been said to treat menopausal symptoms, erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The sky-rocketing demand for the plant has seen a shift from traditional cultivation methods to mass production practices with the use of fertilisers and also pesticides; as maca is now grown in areas other than the Andes such as in the Yunnan province in China. This can potentially affect the phytochemistry and composition of the plant and thus, the quality, safety and efficacy of maca products. Meanwhile, research into maca's medicinal properties has followed the spike in popularity of maca and has been focused mainly on maca's aphrodisiac and fertility enhancing properties. So far, the in vivo studies and clinical trials conducted have yielded inconclusive results. Some of the key limitations reside in methodology and sample size. Chemical profiling, led to the discovery of new compounds unique to maca, such as, 'macamides' and also other active metabolites like the glucosinolates; to which the medicinal effects of maca have been ascribed but cannot be confirmed due to lack of data. CONCLUSIONS To date, the health claims of maca cannot be fully supported from a scientific standpoint and more research is needed. It appears that the indigenous local knowledge about the health benefits of maca has been dragged out of context to fit the demands of a growing market for herbal remedies. This globalisation (or hype esp. in China) also has had serious consequences for the local producers in Peru. The lack of protocols to regulate the production and marketing of maca during this rapid expansion, poses a threat to both the safety of consumers and the sustainability of supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Beharry
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines/Research Group Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines/Research Group Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|