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Oliero M, Alaoui AA, McCartney C, Santos MM. Colorectal cancer and inulin supplementation: the good, the bad, and the unhelpful. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae058. [PMID: 38984069 PMCID: PMC11231048 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The prebiotic inulin has been vaunted for its potential to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Inulin fermentation resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids, primarily butyrate, has been reported to be associated with properties that are beneficial for gut health and has led to an increased consumption of inulin in the Western population through processed food and over-the-counter dietary supplements. However, in clinical trials, there is limited evidence of the efficacy of inulin in preventing colorectal cancer. Moreover, recent data suggest that improper inulin consumption may even be harmful for gastro-intestinal health under certain circumstances. The main objective of this review is to provide insight into the beneficial and potentially detrimental effects of inulin supplementation in the context of colorectal cancer prevention and enhancement of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Oliero
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claire McCartney
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuela M Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Ariaee A, Wardill HR, Wignall A, Prestidge CA, Joyce P. The Degree of Inulin Polymerization Is Important for Short-Term Amelioration of High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Rats. Foods 2024; 13:1039. [PMID: 38611345 PMCID: PMC11011263 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inulin, a non-digestible polysaccharide, has gained attention for its prebiotic properties, particularly in the context of obesity, a condition increasingly understood as a systemic inflammatory state linked to gut microbiota composition. This study investigates the short-term protective effects of inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DPn) against metabolic health deterioration and gut microbiota alterations induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in Sprague Dawley rats. Inulin treatments with an average DPn of 7, 14, and 27 were administered at 1 g/kg of bodyweight to HFD-fed rats over 21 days. Body weight, systemic glucose levels, and proinflammatory markers were measured to assess metabolic health. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that inulin27 significantly reduced total weight gain and systemic glucose levels, suggesting a DPn-specific effect on metabolic health. The study also observed shifts in gut microbial populations, with inulin7 promoting several beneficial taxa from the Bifidobacterium genera, whilst inducing a unique microbial composition compared to medium-chain (DPn 14) and long-chain inulin (DPn: 27). However, the impact of inulin on proinflammatory markers and lipid metabolism parameters was not statistically significant, possibly due to the short study duration. Inulin with a higher DPn has a more pronounced effect on mitigating HFD-induced metabolic health deterioration, whilst inulin7 is particularly effective at inducing healthy microbial shifts. These findings highlight the benefits of inulin as a dietary adjuvant in obesity management and the importance of DPn in optimizing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ariaee
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.); (A.W.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.); (A.W.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Clive A. Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.); (A.W.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.); (A.W.); (C.A.P.)
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3
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Wang C, Lan T, Chen Z, Wang X, Han Y, Yang N, Xu Z, Li H, Tao M, Song Y. The preventive effects of inulin, cellulose, and their mixture on colorectal cancer liver metastasis in mice by regulating gut microbiota. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4705-4717. [PMID: 37815692 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have found that dietary fiber can protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). Survival in CRC patients is significantly reduced due to metastasis. However, little is known regarding the impact of dietary fiber on the CRC metastasis. In this study, we analyzed the effects of inulin, cellulose, and their mixture on CRC metastasis in a murine orthotopic transplantation model. BALB/C male mice were divided into the normal control (NC) (AIN-93 M diet), MOD (AIN-93 M diet), INU (10% w/w inulin), CEL (10% w/w cellulose), and MIX (5% w/w inulin + 5% w/w cellulose) groups. Dietary fiber intake inhibited the weights of the orthotopic tumors, liver weights, and liver metastasis area (p < 0.05) and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. Compared to the NC, the expression of β-catenin and the epithelial marker E-cadherin were lower, and that of mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin, MMP-9, and VEGF, were higher in the MOD group. All inulin, cellulose, and their mixture restored the gut microbiota diversity, and they, respectively, increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriales, Lactobacillus, and Lachnospiraceae. Inulin restored the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and butyric acid. Spearman correlation analysis results showed that there was a positive correlation between five genera and six short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (adjusted p < 0.05). In conclusion, all inulin, cellulose, and their mixture have inhibitory effects on CRC metastasis, which may be achieved by the regulation of gut microbiota, the production of SCFAs, and the inhibition of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. Among the three dietary fiber intervention groups, the inhibitory effect of inulin is more significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhui Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tongtong Lan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Yisa Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Tao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Newsome R, Yang Y, Jobin C. Western diet influences on microbiome and carcinogenesis. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101756. [PMID: 37018910 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota composition and associated bioactivities are sensitive to various modifier cues such as stress, inflammation, age, life-style and nutrition, which in turn are associated with susceptibility to developing cancer. Among these modifiers, diet has been shown to influence both microbiota composition as well as being an important source of microbial-derived compounds impacting the immunological, neurological and hormonal systems. Thus, it is necessary to take a holistic view when considering effect of diet on health and diseases. In this review, we focus on the interplay between western diet, the microbiota and cancer development by dissecting key components of the diet and leveraging data from human interventions and pre-clinical studies to better understand this relationship. We highlight key progress as well as stressing limitations in this field of research.
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Li X, Chen Y, Song L, Wang J, Song Z, Zhao X, Zhou C, Wu Y. Partial enzymolysis affects the digestion of tamarind seed polysaccharides in vitro: Degradation accelerates and gut microbiota regulates. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124175. [PMID: 37003195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Two hydrolyzed fractions of tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), denoted ETSP1 (176.68 kDa) and ETSP2 (34.34 kDa), were prepared by partial degradation via endo-xyloglucanase, and then characterized and evaluated by simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. The results showed that the hydrolyzed TSPs remained indigestible in gastric and small intestinal media, and were fermented by gut microbiota, similar to the native TSP (Mw = 481.52 kDa). Although the degradation of hydrolyzed TSPs was accelerated during fermentation with a decreasing degree of polymerization, the content of produced total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) decreased. After fermentation, the gut microbiota composition was modified, esp. the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased (1.06 vs. 0.96 vs. 0.80) with a decreasing degree of polymerization, which implied that the potential anti-obesity prebiotic effect was enhanced. At the genus level, hydrolyzed TSPs maintained similar roles as native TSP, including promoting beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Parabacteroides, and Faecalibacterium) and inhibiting enteropathogenic bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella and Dorea). Moreover, ETSP1 had additional potential due to abundant Bacteroides vulgatus (LDA = 4.68), and ETSP2 might perform better as related to Bacteroides xylanisolvens (LDA = 4.40). All these results indicated the prebiotic potential of hydrolyzed TSP with detailed information about changes in degradation and gut microbiota based on enzyme-hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiao Li
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yinan Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lihua Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jiangmei Wang
- Weifang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Weifang 261041, China.
| | - Zibo Song
- Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co., Ltd., Yuxi 653100, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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6
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Qin YQ, Wang LY, Yang XY, Xu YJ, Fan G, Fan YG, Ren JN, An Q, Li X. Inulin: properties and health benefits. Food Funct 2023; 14:2948-2968. [PMID: 36876591 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Inulin, a soluble dietary fiber, is widely found in more than 36 000 plant species as a reserve polysaccharide. The primary sources of inulin, include Jerusalem artichoke, chicory, onion, garlic, barley, and dahlia, among which Jerusalem artichoke tubers and chicory roots are often used as raw materials for inulin production in the food industry. It is universally acknowledged that inulin as a prebiotic has an outstanding effect on the regulation of intestinal microbiota via stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria. In addition, inulin also exhibits excellent health benefits in regulating lipid metabolism, weight loss, lowering blood sugar, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors, reducing the risk of colon cancer, enhancing mineral absorption, improving constipation, and relieving depression. In this review paper, we attempt to present an exhaustive overview of the function and health benefits of inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Liu-Yan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yi-Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yan-Ge Fan
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing-Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qi An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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7
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Pandey H, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Biological Role and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030866. [PMID: 36765824 PMCID: PMC9913759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While CRC is thought to be an interplay between genetic and environmental factors, several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of gut microbiota in promoting inflammation and tumor progression. Gut microbiota refer to the ~40 trillion microorganisms that inhabit the human gut. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and metagenomics have provided new insights into the gut microbial ecology and have helped in linking gut microbiota to CRC. Many studies carried out in humans and animal models have emphasized the role of certain gut bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, in the onset and progression of CRC. Metagenomic studies have opened up new avenues for the application of gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC. This review article summarizes the role of gut microbiota in CRC development and its use as a biomarker to predict the disease and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Pandey
- Redcliffe Labs, Electronic City, Noida 201301, India
| | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
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8
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Lancaster SM, Lee-McMullen B, Abbott CW, Quijada JV, Hornburg D, Park H, Perelman D, Peterson DJ, Tang M, Robinson A, Ahadi S, Contrepois K, Hung CJ, Ashland M, McLaughlin T, Boonyanit A, Horning A, Sonnenburg JL, Snyder MP. Global, distinctive, and personal changes in molecular and microbial profiles by specific fibers in humans. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:848-862.e7. [PMID: 35483363 PMCID: PMC9187607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers act through the microbiome to improve cardiovascular health and prevent metabolic disorders and cancer. To understand the health benefits of dietary fiber supplementation, we investigated two popular purified fibers, arabinoxylan (AX) and long-chain inulin (LCI), and a mixture of five fibers. We present multiomic signatures of metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics, metagenomics, a cytokine panel, and clinical measurements on healthy and insulin-resistant participants. Each fiber is associated with fiber-dependent biochemical and microbial responses. AX consumption associates with a significant reduction in LDL and an increase in bile acids, contributing to its observed cholesterol reduction. LCI is associated with an increase in Bifidobacterium. However, at the highest LCI dose, there is increased inflammation and elevation in the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase. This study yields insights into the effects of fiber supplementation and the mechanisms behind fiber-induced cholesterol reduction, and it shows effects of individual, purified fibers on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Lancaster
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brittany Lee-McMullen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles Wilbur Abbott
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeniffer V Quijada
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Hornburg
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heyjun Park
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dalia Perelman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dylan J Peterson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Robinson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sara Ahadi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chia-Jui Hung
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Melanie Ashland
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tracey McLaughlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Boonyanit
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Horning
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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9
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Guo L, Xiao P, Zhang X, Yang Y, Yang M, Wang T, Lu H, Tian H, Wang H, Liu J. Inulin ameliorates schizophrenia via modulation of the gut microbiota and anti-inflammation in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1156-1175. [PMID: 33432310 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis, which regulates neurological and cognitive functions, plays an essential role in schizophrenia (SCZ) progression. Dietary inulin could be a novel strategy for the treatment of SCZ due to its modulating effects on the gut microbiota. In this study, the effects of inulin on mice with SCZ were studied. As indicated by the behavioural tests, expression of neurotransmitters, inflammatory indicators, and brain morphology, inulin administration ameliorated aberrant behaviours (locomotor hypoactivity, anxiety disorders and depressive behaviours, and impaired learning and spatial recognition memory) and effectively reduced neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. In addition, inulin improved intestinal integrity and permeability, as indicated by the elevated expression of tight junction proteins (p < 0.05). The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis showed that inulin increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which were negatively correlated with 5-hydroxytryptamine and inflammatory cytokines and positively correlated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Inulin caused a reduction in Akkermansia that was positively correlated with inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with BDNF. These results suggested that dietary inulin modulated the gut microbiota and exerted anti-inflammatory effects in mice though the MGB axis, which further ameliorated SCZ. Therefore, the results of this study provide a potential explanation for inulin intervention in the treatment of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Haixia Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Hongyan Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
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10
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The alterations of microbiota and pathological conditions in the gut of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Anaerobe 2021; 68:102361. [PMID: 33781900 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a serious threat to human life and health. Most patients are diagnosed at the late stage of advanced CRC, resulting in losing their best opportunity for surgical treatment. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in the control and treatment of advanced CRC. However, the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs can easily cause the imbalance of gut flora, damage the barrier of the gastrointestinal mucosa, and mediate mucosal inflammation of the digestive tract, which is called "gastrointestinal mucositis." This mucositis can affect the quality of life of the host and even threaten their lives. Several studies reported the association between chemotherapy-mediated gastrointestinal mucositis in CRC and gut dysbiosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of this association are still unclear. The alternative or complementary treatments to reshape gut microbiota and slow down the side effects of chemotherapy have shown the improvement of gastrointestinal mucositis following chemotherapy in the CRC condition. This review will summarize and discuss the evidence of the association between chemotherapy-mediated gastrointestinal mucositis in CRC and altered gut microbiota from in vivo and clinical studies. The possible mechanisms of gastrointestinal mucositis, including the destruction of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, the induction of gut dysbiosis, and histopathological changes in the gut of CRC with chemotherapy will be illustrated. In addition, the nonpharmacological interventions and phytochemical extracts by using the manipulation of the microbial population for therapeutic purposes for relieving side effects of chemotherapy as well as a cancer treatment would be summarized and discussed in this review.
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11
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Cruz BCDS, de Sousa Moraes LF, De Nadai Marcon L, Dias KA, Murad LB, Sarandy MM, Conceição LLD, Gonçalves RV, Ferreira CLDLF, Peluzio MDCG. Evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic VSL#3 and synbiotic VSL#3 and yacon-based product in reducing oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in mice induced to colorectal carcinogenesis. J Food Sci 2021; 86:1448-1462. [PMID: 33761141 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic VSL#3 isolated or associated with a yacon-based product (synbiotic) on oxidative stress modulation and intestinal permeability in an experimental model of colorectal carcinogenesis. Forty-five C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: control (standard diet AIN-93 M); probiotic (standard diet AIN-93 M and multispecies probiotic VSL#3, 2.25 × 109 CFU), and synbiotic (standard diet AIN-93 M with yacon-based product, 6% fructooligosaccharides and inulin, and probiotic VSL#3, 2.25 × 109 CFU). The experimental diets were provided for 13 weeks. The probiotic and the yacon-based product showed antioxidant activity, with the percentage of DPPH radical scavenging equal to 69.7 ± 0.4% and 74.3 ± 0.1%, respectively. These findings contributed to reduce hepatic oxidative stress: the control group showed higher concentration of malondialdehyde (1.8-fold, p = 0.007 and 1.5-fold, p = 0.035) and carbonylated protein (2-fold, p = 0.008 and 5.6-fold, p = 0.000) compared to the probiotic and synbiotic groups, respectively. Catalase enzyme activity increased 1.43-fold (p = 0.014) in synbiotic group. The crypt depth increased 1.2-fold and 1.4-fold with the use of probiotic and synbiotic, respectively, compared to the control diet (p = 0.000). These findings corroborate the reduction in intestinal permeability in the probiotic and synbiotic groups, as measured by the percentage of urinary lactulose excretion (CON: 0.93 ± 0.62% × PRO: 0.44 ± 0.05%, p = 0.048; and CON: 0.93 ± 0.62% × SYN: 0.41 ± 0.12%, p = 0.043). In conclusion, the probiotic and synbiotic showed antioxidant activity, which contributed to the reduction of oxidative stress markers. In addition, they protected the mucosa from damage caused by chemical carcinogen and reduced intestinal permeability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The relationship between intestinal health and the occurrence of various organic disorders has been demonstrated in many studies. The use of probiotics and prebiotics is currently one of the main targets for modulation of intestinal health. We demonstrated that the use of a commercial mix of probiotic bacteria (VSL#3) isolated or associated with a yacon-based prebiotic, rich in fructooligosaccharides and inulin, is able to reduce the oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in a colorectal carcinogenesis model. These compounds have great potential to be used as a food supplement, or as ingredients in the development of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cristina Dos Santos Cruz
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando de Sousa Moraes
- Experimental and Dietetic Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition - Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Letícia De Nadai Marcon
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kelly Aparecida Dias
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Lopes da Conceição
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Man S, Liu T, Yao Y, Lu Y, Ma L, Lu F. Friend or foe? The roles of inulin-type fructans. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The Relationship between Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Cancerous Toxin Pathogenesis Theory Basing on Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7162545. [PMID: 32774427 PMCID: PMC7391111 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7162545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a diverse consortium of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in the gut of all mammals. Gut microbiota remains in steady state under normal conditions. Changes in the internal and external environment may cause gut Microbiota to be out of tune. Malignant tumors are one of the major diseases currently endangering human health. CRC (colorectal cancer) has a significant upward trend in morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Technological advances have not yet brought about a breakthrough in the efficacy of CRC. The development of colon cancer is closely related to gut microbiota imbalance. According to more than 60 years of clinical practice, Professor Zhongying Zhou first proposed the pathogenesis theory of "cancerous toxin" in the 1990s and believed that cancerous toxin was a key pathogenesis of tumor development. Under the guidance of the theory of cancerous toxin, combined with clinical practice, Professor Zhou created an effective anticancer Chinese herbal compound, Jiedu Xiaoai Prescription. This paper summarizes recent hotspots related to gut microbiota and the occurrence, development, and prevention of colon cancer at home and abroad. The relationship between gut microbiota and cancerous toxin theory is proposed, and the feasibility of further studying the biological basis of cancerous toxin pathogenesis theory from the perspective of gut microbiota is pointed out.
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Seesaha PK, Chen X, Wu X, Xu H, Li C, Jheengut Y, Zhao F, Liu L, Zhang D. The interplay between dietary factors, gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: a new era of colorectal cancer prevention. Future Oncol 2020; 16:293-306. [PMID: 32067473 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and its incidence is on the rise. Dietary intervention has emerged as an attractive strategy to curtail its occurrence and progression. Diet is known to influence the gut microbiome, as dietary factors and gut bacteria can act in concert to cause or protect from colorectal cancer. Several studies have presented evidence for such interactions and have pointed out the different ways by which the diet and gut microbiome can be altered to produce beneficial effects. This review article aims to summarize the interrelationship between diet, gut flora and colorectal cancer so that a better preventive approach can be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poshita Kumari Seesaha
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Third Military Medical University Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Chongqing 400042, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Changxian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yogesh Jheengut
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fengjiao Zhao
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
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Li L, Ding L, Gao T, Lyu Y, Wang M, Song L, Li X, Gao W, Han Y, Jia H, Wang J. Association between Vaginal Micro-environment Disorder and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in a Community Based Population in China. J Cancer 2020; 11:284-291. [PMID: 31897224 PMCID: PMC6930421 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are other factors that contribute to cervical carcinogenesis except HPV infection. This study aimed to investigate the association between vaginal micro-environment factors, including H2O2, vaginal PH value, vagina cleanness, β-glucuronidase, coagulase, neuraminidase and leukocyte esterase and cervical intraeipithelial neoplasia (CIN). In total 1019 participants, including 623 normal cervical (NC) women, 303 patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) and 93 patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3), were enrolled into the study. HPV genotyping was detected by flow-through hybridization and gene chip. Vaginal H2O2, β-glucuronidase, coagulase, neuraminidase and leukocyte esterase were detected by Aerobic Vaginitis (AV) / Bacterial Vaginal Disease (BV) Five Joint Test Kit. Vaginal PH was measured on the glass slide after microscopy, using color strips with a PH range of 3.8-5.4. Vagina cleanness was determined according to the National Clinical Laboratory Practice Guideline. χ2test and Logistic regression were operated using SPSS 22.0 software. Our results showed that HPV16 infection rate and the abnormal rates of H2O2, PH, vagina cleanness, β-glucuronidase or neuraminidase increased gradually along with the severity of CIN (P<0.05). Abnormities of H2O2, cleanness, β-glucuronidase and neuraminidase were risk factors for CIN regardless of HPV16 infection, furthermore, abnormities of PH value, leukocyte esterase could also increase the risk of CIN in HPV16 positive group. In addition, women with abnormal vaginal micro-environment factors in HPV16 positive group had a significantly higher risk of developing CIN than HPV16 negative group. The results from generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model showed that there was interaction effect with abnormities of vagina cleanness, H2O2, β-glucuronidase and neuraminidase on CIN2/3 in HPV16 negative group, while, there was interaction effect with abnormities of vagina cleanness, β-glucuronidase and neuraminidase on CIN1 and with abnormities of vagina cleanness, PH, H2O2, β-glucuronidase, neuraminidase and leukocyte esterase on CIN2/3 in HPV16 positive group. Our results suggested that vaginal micro-environment disorder could increase the risk of CIN, especially, the abnormality of H2O2, cleanness, β-glucuronidase and neuraminidase. There were interaction effects with abnormities of H2O2, vagina cleanness, β-glucuronidase and neuraminidase on CIN whether HPV16 was infected or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, USA
| | - Yuanjing Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haixia Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Khat‐udomkiri N, Toejing P, Sirilun S, Chaiyasut C, Lailerd N. Antihyperglycemic effect of rice husk derived xylooligosaccharides in high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:428-444. [PMID: 31993169 PMCID: PMC6977422 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste obtained from rice milling process. Our previous study demonstrated the optimized process of extracting xylooligosaccharides (XOS), a prebiotic that can support the growth and activity of beneficial gut microbiota, from RH. Accumulated evidences indicate that the composition of gut microbiota is involved in the progression of insulin resistance and diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect and putative mechanisms of RH-XOS using a diabetic rat model induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Diabetic rats were randomly assigned to receive vehicle (DMC), XOS (DM-XOS), metformin (DMM), and a combination of XOS and metformin (DMM-XOS). An additional group of rats were fed with normal diet plus vehicle (NDC) and normal diet plus XOS (ND-XOS). Supplementation with RH-XOS for 12 weeks successfully decreased the fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and LPS levels in DM-XOS compared with DMC. Likewise, the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake assessed by in vitro study was significantly enhanced in DM-XOS, DMM, and DMM-XOS. The diminished protein expressions of GLUT4 and pAktSer473 as well as pAMPKThr172 were significantly modulated in DM-XOS, DMM, and DMM-XOS groups. Interestingly, RH-XOS supplementation reversed the changed gut permeability, elevated the number of beneficial bacteria, both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp., and increased SCFAs production. Taken together, the results confirm the efficacy of RH-XOS in achieving good glycemic control in diabetes by maintenance of gut microbiota and attenuation of endotoxemia. The findings reveal the benefits of RH-XOS and open an opportunity to improve its value by its development as a nutraceutical for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntawat Khat‐udomkiri
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Parichart Toejing
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
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17
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Costea T, Hudiță A, Ciolac OA, Gălățeanu B, Ginghină O, Costache M, Ganea C, Mocanu MM. Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer by Dietary Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3787. [PMID: 30487390 PMCID: PMC6321468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and the third most diagnosed type of cancer, worldwide. It is most common amongst men and women over 50 years old. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol, diet, physical inactivity, genetics, alterations in gut microbiota, and associated pathologies (diabetes, obesity, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases). This review will discuss, in detail, the chemopreventive properties of some dietary compounds (phenolic compounds, carotenoids, iridoids, nitrogen compounds, organosulfur compounds, phytosterols, essential oil compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber) against colorectal cancer. We present recent data, focusing on in vitro, laboratory animals and clinical trials with the previously mentioned compounds. The chemopreventive properties of the dietary compounds involve multiple molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action, such as inhibition of cell growth, inhibition of tumor initiation, inhibition of adhesion, migration and angiogenesis, apoptosis, interaction with gut microbiota, regulation of cellular signal transduction pathways and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, etc. Moreover, this review will also focus on the natural dietary compounds' bioavailability, their synergistic protective effect, as well as the association with conventional therapy. Dietary natural compounds play a major role in colorectal chemoprevention and continuous research in this field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Costea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ariana Hudiță
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Oana-Alina Ciolac
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Bianca Gălățeanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Octav Ginghină
- Department of Surgery, "Sf. Ioan" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department II, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Constanța Ganea
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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18
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Saw CY, Kao WM, Chen PY, Chew BS, Liew Y, Chau CF. Changes in different fecal parameters with administration of bromelain and inulin in a rat model. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1513424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Yeong Saw
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Kao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ya Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Boon-Swee Chew
- Research and Development Department, CNI Venture (M) Sdn Bhd, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ying Liew
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fai Chau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Rossi M, Mirbagheri SEYEDS, Keshavarzian A, Bishehsari F. Nutraceuticals in colorectal cancer: A mechanistic approach. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:396-402. [PMID: 29935172 PMCID: PMC6063737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in the world. Even though screening, surgery and oncology have greatly advanced, CRC is still one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, with 700,000 annual mortalities in both men and women. Environmental and lifestyle factors brought up by industrialization, such as an altered diet, lack of physical activity, increase in alcohol consumption, and circadian disruption, have greatly affected the burden of CRC. These factors increase the CRC risk, at least partly, by pathologically altering the colonic environment, including composition of the gut microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis. Colonic dysbiosis can promote pro-carcinogenic immune signaling cascades, leading to pro-tumorigenic inflammation, carcinogen production, and altered cellular responses in susceptible host resulting to development and/or progression of CRC. Nutraceuticals such as prebiotic molecules and probiotic bacterial species can help maintain intestinal microbial homeostasis and thus mitigate this pathological processes. Therefore, prebiotics and probiotics can hinder the effects of dysbiosis by encouraging anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory immunity, the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, pro-apoptotic mechanisms, and carcinogen inactivation. In addition to its implications in preventing CRC, because of the mechanisms affected, nutraceuticals are being discovered as potential adjuncts to immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of CRC. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential implications of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - S E Y E D Sina Mirbagheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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20
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018. [PMID: 29474889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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21
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:33-49. [PMID: 29474889 PMCID: PMC6000254 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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22
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Sirilun S, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Lactic acid bacteria mediated fermented soybean as a potent nutraceutical candidate. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Ferrario C, Statello R, Carnevali L, Mancabelli L, Milani C, Mangifesta M, Duranti S, Lugli GA, Jimenez B, Lodge S, Viappiani A, Alessandri G, Dall'Asta M, Del Rio D, Sgoifo A, van Sinderen D, Ventura M, Turroni F. How to Feed the Mammalian Gut Microbiota: Bacterial and Metabolic Modulation by Dietary Fibers. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1749. [PMID: 28955319 PMCID: PMC5600934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiota of mammals is greatly influenced by diet. Therefore, evaluation of different food ingredients that may promote changes in the gut microbiota composition is an attractive approach to treat microbiota disturbances. In this study, three dietary fibers, such as inulin (I, 10%), resistant starch (RS, 10%), and citrus pectin (3%), were employed as supplements to normal chow diet of adult male rats for 2 weeks. Fecal microbiota composition and corresponding metabolite profiles were assessed before and after prebiotics supplementation. A general increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum was detected with a concurrent reduction in Firmicutes, in particular for I and RS experiments, while additional changes in the microbiota composition were evident at lower taxonomic levels for all the three substrates. Such modifications in the microbiota composition were correlated with changes in metabolic profiles of animals, in particular changes in acetate and succinate levels. This study represents a first attempt to modulate selectively the abundance and/or metabolic activity of various members of the gut microbiota by means of dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrario
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Rosario Statello
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Luca Carnevali
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Duranti
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Gabriele A Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Beatriz Jimenez
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food and Drug, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of IrelandCork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
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CHAIYASUT C, PATTANANANDECHA T, SIRILUN S, SUWANNALERT P, PEERAJAN S, SIVAMARUTHI BS. Synbiotic preparation with Lactic acid bacteria and inulin as a functional food: In vivo evaluation of microbial activities, and preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.26216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Xie M, Chen HH, Nie SP, Yin JY, Xie MY. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Increases the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Decreases pH Values in Mouse Colon. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040653. [PMID: 28425937 PMCID: PMC6154700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) could regulate physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of GABA on colon health in mice. The female Kunming mice were given GABA at doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/d for 14 days. Afterwards, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, pH values, colon index, colon length and weight of colonic and cecal contents were determined to evaluate the effects of GABA on colon health. The results showed that intake of GABA could increase the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total SCFAs in colonic and cecal contents, as well as the weight of colonic and cecal contents. The colon index and length of the 40 mg/kg/d GABA-treated group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, decrease of pH values in colonic and cecal contents was also observed. These results suggest that GABA may improve colon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Hai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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