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Gower B, Blacket C, Girard D, Boyle T, Davison K. Prospective associations between systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and physical activity behaviour and the development of cardiovascular disease. Prev Med 2024; 183:107958. [PMID: 38657686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically appraise and summarise meta-analyses of longitudinal studies to determine the effect size, and quality and certainty of the evidence summaries for systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum cholesterol, and physical activity behaviour in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS An umbrella review was conducted by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Eligible meta-analyses were longitudinal studies investigating the association between SBP, serum cholesterol, or physical activity behaviour on CVD development. Summary risk estimates were extracted. Quality and certainty of the evidence summaries of included records were performed using AMSTAR 2 and GRADE, respectively. Forty-one eligible records were found of which thirteen related to SBP, five to cholesterol, and twenty-three to physical activity behaviour. The quality and certainty of the evidence summaries were variable, with most studies rating 'low'. Reported risk estimates for the risk of developing CVD ranged from: no change to a 68% decreased risk for lower SBP; a 21% increased risk to a 44% decreased risk for lower cholesterol; and a 1% decreased risk to a 56% decreased risk for higher physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS There were strong associations with CVD risk at the meta-analysis level for all three exposures, with a proportionally greater number of meta-analyses and primary studies for physical activity than SBP or serum cholesterol. Given the number of meta-analyses and similar CVD risk reductions and certainty of evidence associated with physical activity behaviour, there is a strong case for its routine assessment alongside SBP and serum cholesterol in primary CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Gower
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Chloe Blacket
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danielle Girard
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Terry Boyle
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; University of South Australia, Australian Centre for Precision Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kade Davison
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide, Australia
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Hilvo M, Dhar I, Lääperi M, Lysne V, Sulo G, Tell GS, Jousilahti P, Nygård OK, Brenner H, Schöttker B, Laaksonen R. Primary cardiovascular risk prediction by LDL-cholesterol in Caucasian middle-aged and older adults: a joint analysis of three cohorts. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:e128-e137. [PMID: 34060615 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an established causal driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but its performance and age-dependency as a biomarker for incident events and mortality arising from ASCVD is less clear. The aim was to determine the value of LDL-C as a susceptibility/risk biomarker for incident coronary heart disease (CHD), ASCVD, and stroke events and deaths, for the age groups <50 and ≥50 years. METHODS AND RESULTS The performance of LDL-C was evaluated in three cohorts, FINRISK 2002 (n = 7709), HUSK (n = 5431), and ESTHER (n = 4559), by Cox proportional hazards models, C-statistics, and net reclassification index calculations. Additionally, the hazard ratios (HRs) for the three cohorts were pooled by meta-analysis. The most consistent association was observed for CHD [95% confidence interval (CI) for HRs per standard deviation ranging from 0.99 to 1.37], whereas the results were more modest for ASCVD (0.96-1.18) due to lack of association with stroke (0.77-1.24). The association and discriminatory value of LDL-C with all endpoints in FINRISK 2002 and HUSK were attenuated in subjects 50 years and older [HRs (95% CI) obtained from meta-analysis 1.11 (1.04-1.18) for CHD, 1.15 (1.02-1.29) for CHD death, 1.02 (0.98-1.06) for ASCVD, 1.12 (1.02-1.23) for ASCVD death, and 0.97 (0.89-1.05) for stroke]. CONCLUSION In middle-aged and older adults, associations between LDL-C and all the studied cardiovascular endpoints were relatively weak, while LDL-C showed stronger association with rare events of pre-mature CHD or ASCVD death among middle-aged adults. The predictive performance of LDL-C also depends on the studied cardiovascular endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hilvo
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Tietotie 2C, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Indu Dhar
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Nutrition, University of Bergen, Klinisk institutt 1, Postboks 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mitja Lääperi
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Tietotie 2C, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Nutrition, University of Bergen, Klinisk institutt 1, Postboks 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gehard Sulo
- Centre for Disease Burden, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaesgate 7, 5015 Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5020 Bergen, Norway.,Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes gate 7, 5808 Bergen, Norway
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ottar K Nygård
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Strasse 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Tietotie 2C, 02150 Espoo, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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Petersen JF, Larsen BS, Sabbah M, Nielsen OW, Kumarathurai P, Sajadieh A. Long-term prognostic significance of homocysteine in middle-aged and elderly. Biomarkers 2016; 21:490-6. [PMID: 27008914 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2016.1160288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association among increased levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy), all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular events. METHODS Hcy was measured in 670 middle-aged and elderly subjects with no previous manifest cardiovascular disease. The follow-up period was 15 years. RESULTS Subjects with Hcy ≥ 10.8 μmol/l (n = 231) had a significant higher incidence of all-cause mortality (p < 0.001) and CV events (p < 0.001) compared with subjects with Hcy < 10.8 μmol/l (n = 439). However, there was no association on high levels of Hcy and VTE events or stroke. CONCLUSION Increased levels of Hcy are associated with all-cause mortality and CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Sabbah
- a Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , NV , Denmark
| | | | | | - Ahmad Sajadieh
- a Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , NV , Denmark
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Jepsen R, Dogisso TW, Dysvik E, Andersen JR, Natvig GK. A cross-sectional study of self-reported general health, lifestyle factors, and disease: the Hordaland Health Study. PeerJ 2014; 2:e609. [PMID: 25289193 PMCID: PMC4185289 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Information on self-reported health is important for health professionals, and the aim of this study was to examine associations between lifestyle factors and self-reported health and the mediating effect of disease in a Norwegian population. Methods and Materials. The data collection was conducted as part of the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) 1997–99, which was a cross-sectional epidemiological study. All individuals in Hordaland county born in 1953–1957 were invited to participate (aged 40–44 years). Complete information for the present study was obtained from 12,883 individuals (44% response rate). Height and weight were measured at a physical examination. Information on lifestyle factors, self-reported health, disease (heart attack, apoplexy, angina pectoris, and diabetes), and socio-demographic variables was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Self-reported health was measured with a one-item question. Odds ratios for fair or poor self-reported health were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for disease and socio-demographic variables. Results. Respondents reporting adverse lifestyle behaviours (obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, p < 0.001), smoking (OR 1.2, p < 0.001), or excessive intake of alcohol (OR 3.3, p < 0.001)) showed an increased risk of poor self-reported health. Furthermore, a moderate intake of wine (OR 0.6, p < 0.001) or strenuous physical activity (OR 0.5, p < 0.001) decreased the risk of poor health. Disease did not mediate the effect. Conclusion. A one-item question measuring self-reported health may be a suitable measure for health professionals to identify levels of subjective health and reveal a need to target lifestyle factors in relatively young individuals with or without disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Jepsen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway ; Faculty of Health Studies, Sogn og Fjordane University College , Førde , Norway
| | - Tadesse Washo Dogisso
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Elin Dysvik
- Department of Health Studies, University of Stavanger , Stavanger , Norway
| | - John Roger Andersen
- Faculty of Health Studies, Sogn og Fjordane University College , Førde , Norway ; Førde Health Trust , Førde , Norway
| | - Gerd Karin Natvig
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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