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Güleç Ö, Bilgiçli AT, Tüzün B, Taslimi P, Günsel A, Gülçin İ, Arslan M, Yarasir MN. Peripheral (E)-2-[(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one)]-coordinated phthalocyanines with improved enzyme inhibition properties and photophysicochemical behaviors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400209. [PMID: 38838335 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, (E)-4-{4-[(1-oxo-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-ylidene)methyl]phenoxy}phthalonitrile (4) and its phthalocyanine derivatives (5-8) were synthesized for the first time. Aggregation behaviors of the novel soluble phthalocyanines in organic solvents were investigated. In addition, the efficiency of 1O2 production of (5) and ZnPc (6) was investigated. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) for 2HPc (5) and ZnPc (6) were found to be 0.58 and 0.83, respectively. Additionally, novel phthalocyanines (5-8) were investigated for their ability to inhibit enzymes. They exhibited a highly potent inhibition effect on human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and II) and α-glycosidase (α-Gly) enzymes. Ki values are in the range of 2.60 ± 9.87 to 11.53 ± 6.92 µM, 3.35 ± 0.53 to 15.47 ± 1.20 µM, and 28.60 ± 4.82 to 40.58 ± 7.37 nM, respectively. The calculations of the studied molecule at the B3LYP, HF, and M062X levels in the 6-31G basis sets were made using the Gaussian package program. Afterward, the interactions occurring in the docking calculation against a protein that is the crystal structure of hCA I (PDB ID: 2CAB), the crystal structure of hCA II (PDB ID: 5AML), and the crystal structure of α-Gly (PDB ID: 1R47), were examined. Following that, Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler (PLIP) analysis was used to look at the interactions that occurred during the docking calculation in further detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Güleç
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Burak Tüzün
- Sivas Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Armağan Günsel
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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Eybek A, Kaya MO, Güleç Ö, Demirci T, Musatat AB, Özdemir O, Öner MNK, Kaya Y, Arslan M. Bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA) inhibitors: Synthesis, molecular docking and theoretical studies of bisoxadiazole-substituted sulfonamide derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131489. [PMID: 38608980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the in vitro inhibition potential of bisoxadiazole-substituted sulfonamide derivatives (6a-t) against bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA) after they were designed through computational analyses and evaluated the predicted interaction via molecular docking. First, in silico ADMET predictions and physicochemical property analysis of the compounds provided insights into solubility and permeability, then density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to analyse their ionization energies, nucleophilicity, in vitro electron affinity, dipole moments and molecular interactions under vacuum and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) conditions. After calculating the theoretical inhibition constants, IC50 values determined from enzymatic inhibition were found between 12.93 and 45.77 μM. Molecular docking evaluation revealed favorable hydrogen bonding and π-interactions of the compounds within the bCA active site. The experimentally most active compound, 6p, exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity with a theoretical inhibition constant value of 9.41 nM and H-bonds with Gln91, Thr198, and Trp4 residues and His63 Pi-cation interactions with His63 residues. Overall, the study reveals promising bCA blocking potential for the synthesized derivatives, similar to acetazolamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaki Eybek
- Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Oğuzhan Kaya
- Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey; Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Özcan Güleç
- Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, 54050, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Tuna Demirci
- Scientific and Technological Research Laboratory, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
| | | | - Oğuzhan Özdemir
- Veterinary Science Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Batman University, 72000 Batman, Turkey
| | - Mine Nazan Kerimak Öner
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program, İzmit Vocational School, Kocaeli University, 41285 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Kaya
- Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, 54050, Sakarya, Turkey
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Chandarajoti K, Kara J, Suwanhom P, Nualnoi T, Puripattanavong J, Lee VS, Tipmanee V, Lomlim L. Synthesis and evaluation of coumarin derivatives on antioxidative, tyrosinase inhibitory activities, melanogenesis, and in silico investigations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5535. [PMID: 38448547 PMCID: PMC10917816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
New coumarin derivatives were designed using a 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetic acid scaffold conjugated with amino acid esters or tyramine. The anti-tyrosinase and anti-lipid peroxidation activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated. Coumarin derivatives 7,9, 11-13, 15-18 showed strong anti-lipid peroxidation activity. Compound 13 exhibited uncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 68.86 µM. Compound 14 (% activity = 123.41) showed stronger tyrosinase activating activity than 8-methoxypsolaren (8-MOP, % activity = 109.46). In silico studies revealed different poses between the inhibitors and activators near the tyrosinase catalytic site. Compounds 13 (25-50 μM) and 14 (25-100 μM) did not show cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells. In contrast to the tyrosinase inhibition assay, compound 13 (50 μM) suppressed melanogenesis in B16F10 cells with two times higher potency than KA (100 μM). Compound 14 at 100 μM showed melanogenesis enhancement in B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner, however, inferior to the 8-MOP. Based on the findings, compound 13 and 14 offer potential for development as skin-lightening agents and vitiligo therapy agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasemsiri Chandarajoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Paptawan Suwanhom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Nualnoi
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Jindaporn Puripattanavong
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Luelak Lomlim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
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Demir D, Kabak S, Çağlayan K. Purification and Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase in the Fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1339. [PMID: 37887049 PMCID: PMC10604213 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Firstly, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was purified from the fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica using Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid affinity chromatography, and the enzyme was characterized. The PPO was purified 20.59-fold. Thereafter, PPO was performed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The kinetic parameters, optimum pHs, and optimum temperatures were investigated for three substrates. Opuntia ficus-indica PPO's optimum pH and optimum temperature were 9.0 and 20 °C; 7.5 and 20 °C; and 7.5 and 30 °C, respectively, when using pyrogallol, catechol, and 4-methyl catechol as substrates. For the pyrogallol, catechol, and 4-methyl catechol, the Km, Vmax, and Vmax/Km values were determined as 16.67 mM, 833.33 U/mLmin, and 50 U/mLminmM; 6.33 mM, 126.58 U/mLmin, and 20 U/mLminmM; and 5.38 mM, 107.53 U/mLmin, and 20 U/mLminmM, respectively. As a result, pyrogallol was a more appropriate substrate than catechol and 4-methyl catechol for the PPO from Opuntia ficus-indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudu Demir
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260 Isparta, Türkiye; (S.K.); (K.Ç.)
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Moeini Alishah M, Yıldız S, Bilen Ç, Karakuş E. Purification and characterization of avocado ( Persea americana) polyphenol oxidase by affinity chromatography. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:40-53. [PMID: 35189071 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2035747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme was purified from avocado (Persea americana) by ammonium sulfate precipitation 0-80%, dialysis and affinity chromatography. Characterization studies were performed with catechol (0.10 M, pH: 7.2, 37 °C), 4-methyl catechol (0.10 M, pH: 6.0, 37 °C), pyrogallol (0.02 M, pH: 8.5, 5 °C), chlorogenic acid (0.20 M, pH: 6.8, 10 °C) and caffeic acid (0.20 M, pH: 8.5, 10 °C), respectively. Vmax and KM values were determined for catechol (15789.96 U*mL-1*min-1, 10 mM), 4-methyl catechol (6768.40 U*mL-1*min-1, 2 mM), pyrogallol (6802.72 U*mL-1*min-1, 4 mM), chlorogenic acid (1377.97 U*mL-1*min-1, 14.29 mM) and caffeic acid (2567.24 U*mL-1*min-1, 5 mM). PPO was purified as 147.73-fold and 154.00-fold by Sepharose 4B-L-Tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid and Sepharose-6B-L-Tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid, respectively. 4B isolated PPO gave two bands at 35 and 50 kDa in SDS-PAGE while visible and slightly visible bands at 50-70 kDa and 100 kDa in Native-PAGE. 6B isolated PPO gave bands as distinctively at 50 kDa and unclearly at around 35 kDa in SDS-PAGE while visible and slightly visible bands at 50-70 and 100 kDa in Native-PAGE. The synthesis of original 6B-affinity gel and no any study found in literature on affinity purification of avocado PPO show importance of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selinnur Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Bilen
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Karakuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yıldız S, Bilen Ç, Karakuş E. Purification of damson plum polyphenol oxidase by affinity chromatography and investigation of metal effects on enzyme activity. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1019-1034. [PMID: 35015975 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2023825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was firstly purified from damson plum as a high antioxidant source. PPO was treated by 0-80% ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Characterization results were determined for catechol, 4-methyl catechol, pyrogallol and caffeic acid as 0.05 M/pH: 7.2/25 °C; 0.2 M/pH: 4.5/10 °C; 0.01 M/pH: 6.8/5 °C, and 0.2 M/pH: 8.5/10 °C, respectively. Vmax and KM values were calculated for same substrates as 17,219.97 U/(mL*min) and 11.67 mM; 7309.72 U/(mL*min) and 5 mM; 12,580.12 U/(mL*min) and 3.74 mM; 12,100.41 U/(mL*min) and 6.25 mM, respectively. Catechol gave the highest Vmax value among substrates. Affinity purification was performed by using Sepharose 4B-L-Tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid and Sepharose 6B-L-Tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid. Single bands were approximately observed at 50 kDa for each affinity sample in SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGE. 93.88 and 10.46 purification-folds were obtained for PPO by reference Sepharose-4B and original Sepharose-6B gels. Metal effects upon PPO activity were also investigated due to the importance of enzymatic browning in foods. Cu+2 activation and Fe+2 inhibition were observed with a final metal concentration of 1 mM at 219.66 and 43.18%, respectively. PPO purification from damson plum by affinity chromatography, its characterization, stability evaluation by statistically, and effects of metal ions on damson plum PPO have not been investigated in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selinnur Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Bilen
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Karakuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bytyqi‐Damoni A, Genç H, Zengin M, Demir D, Gençer N, Arslan O. Novel β‐Lactam Compounds as Activators for Polyphenoloxidase. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arlinda Bytyqi‐Damoni
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education University of Pristina 10000 Pristina Republic of Kosovo
| | - Hayriye Genç
- Department of Chemistry Science and Art Faculty Sakarya University 54100 Adapazari Turkey
| | - Mustafa Zengin
- Department of Chemistry Science and Art Faculty Sakarya University 54100 Adapazari Turkey
| | - Dudu Demir
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Isparta University of Applied Sciences Isparta 32260 Turkey
| | - Nahit Gençer
- Department of Chemistry Science & Art Faculty Balikesir University Cagis 10145 Balikesir Turkey
| | - Oktay Arslan
- Department of Chemistry Science & Art Faculty Balikesir University Cagis 10145 Balikesir Turkey
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Carbazole and hydrazone derivatives as new competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase: Experimental clues to binuclear copper active site binding. Bioorg Chem 2018; 83:235-241. [PMID: 30384179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work a total of 12 carbazoles and hydrazone-bridged thiazole-pyrrole derivatives have been identified as new competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase. Carbazole derivative with 2-benzoimidazole substitution showed most potent inhibition in the series. Other carbazole derivatives containing benzothiazole and benzoxazole substitutions showed comparable levels of tyrosinase inhibition. The hydrazone derivatives also showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with comparable Ki values except one with fluoride at its terminal position. Kinetic studies showed competitive inhibition of tyrosinase by all compounds that increased the substrate Km without changing the Vmax value. Moreover, experimental evidence suggests that the target compounds specifically bind to the binuclear copper center of the tyrosinase active site in an apparent mono-dentate fashion. Carbazoles and hydrazones are new and emerging classes of compounds as tyrosinase inhibitors that may provide new structural avenues to discovery of drugs targeting the treatment of hyperpigmentation and related dermatological disorders.
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Niu C, Aisa HA. Upregulation of Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Activity: Potential Agents for Vitiligo. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081303. [PMID: 28777326 PMCID: PMC6152334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin, the compound primarily responsible in humans for hair, eye and skin pigmentation, is produced by melanocytes through a complicated process called melanogenesis that is catalyzed by tyrosinase and other tyrosinase-related proteins. The abnormal loss of melanin causes dermatological problems such as vitiligo. Hence the regulation of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity is very important for treating hypopigmentary disorders. Many melanogenesis stimulators have been discovered during the past decade. This article reviews recent advances in research on extracts and active ingredients of plants, synthesized compounds with stimulating effect on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, as well as their influence on the expression of related proteins and possible signaling pathways for the design and development of novel anti-vitiligo agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Haji A Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Niu C, Yin L, Nie LF, Dou J, Zhao JY, Li G, Aisa HA. Synthesis and bioactivity of novel isoxazole chalcone derivatives on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in murine B16 cells for the treatment of vitiligo. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5440-5448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Karaoğlu K, Emirik M, Menteşe E, Zengin A, Serbest K. Acetate bridged dinuclear Cu(II) complexes with ferrocene based benzimidazol ligands: Synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, DFT calculations and catecholase activity. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Niu C, Li G, Tuerxuntayi A, Aisa HA. Synthesis and Bioactivity of New Chalcone Derivatives as Potential Tyrosinase Activator Based on the Click Chemistry. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yang M, Fang X, Li S, Yang B. Synthesis of novel macrolides-linked chalcone derivatives and recognition ability toward Cu2+. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Synthesis and Evaluation of New Phthalazine Urea and Thiourea Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/742178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of phthalazine substituted urea and thiourea derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on the activity of purified human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs I and II) were evaluated. 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-trione derivative(1)was prepared with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, dimedone, and phthalhydrazide in the presence of TFA in DMF, and nitro group was reduced to amine derivative(2)with SnCl2·2H2O. The compound was reacted with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to get the final products(3a–p). The results showed that all the synthesized compounds inhibited the CA isoenzymes activity.3a(IC50= 6.40 µM for hCA I and 6.13 µM for hCA II) has the most inhibitory effect. The synthesized compounds are very bulky to be able to bind near the zinc ion, and they much more probably bind as the coumarin derivatives.
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