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Ezekwe N, Pourang A, Lyons AB, Narla S, Atyam A, Zia S, Friedman BJ, Hamzavi IH, Lim HW, Kohli I. Evaluation of the protection of sunscreen products against long wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light-induced biological effects. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12937. [PMID: 38069506 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long wavelength ultraviolet-A1 in combination with visible light induces hyperpigmentation, particularly in dark-skin phototypes. This study evaluated the efficacy of four sunscreen formulations in protecting against VL + UVA1 (370-700 nm). METHODS The test products (A-D) were applied to the back of 12 volunteers, then irradiated with 320 J/cm2 VL + UVA1 (3.5% UVA1 [370-400 nm]). Immediately after irradiation, and at Days 1, 7, and 14, erythema and pigmentation were assessed by investigator global assessment (IGA), colorimetry (Δa* and ΔITA) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS)-measured relative dyschromia (area under the curve AUC). Control areas were irradiated without sunscreen. RESULTS Product D, containing titanium dioxide 11%, iron oxides 1%, and antioxidants, provided the highest and most consistent protection. Compared with unprotected irradiated control, it had statistically significantly less erythema on IGA, DRS (Δoxyhemoglobin), and colorimetry (Δa*) at Day 0; less pigmentation on IGA at all time points, on DRS (relative dyschromia) at Days 7 and 14, and on colorimetry (ΔITA) at Day 0. Product B, containing zinc oxide 12% plus organic UV filters, iron oxides 4%, and antioxidants, also showed some efficacy. CONCLUSION Of the sunscreens tested, the tinted products provided better protection against VL + UVA1 than the non-tinted products. Since the product with 1% iron oxides was superior to the product with 4% iron oxides, further studies are needed to evaluate whether iron oxide content correlates with better protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneamaka Ezekwe
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aunna Pourang
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexis B Lyons
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shanthi Narla
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Amruth Atyam
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shereen Zia
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ben J Friedman
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Maretha DE, Afriansyah D, Wati DS, Masri M, Dwiyanti AR, Hanif MI, Wardoyo S. Test comparison of seeds and skins extract of duku’s fruit (Lansium domesticum Corr.) against the amount of melanin pigment of skin mencit (Mus musculus) to prevent premature aging of the skin. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Sundar M, Suresh S, Lingakumar K. Influence of Caralluma adscendens Var. attenuata cold cream on UV-B damaged skin epidermal cells: a novel approach. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:155. [PMID: 33747705 PMCID: PMC7930170 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation-induced sunburns are characterized by pigmented, wrinkled, and dried skin, with rashes and red spots. Chemical sunscreen lotion shows beneficial effects, but it shows the adverse side effect while in continuous usage. Natural substances of plant origin are deemed a possible cause of UV radiation through sunscreen resources. On this basis, we formulated the cold cream from the Caralluma adscendens Var. attenuata (CAVA) plant extract. The phytocompounds were studied by using GC-MS. The antioxidant potential of the plant extract was determined, and the CAVA showed cytotoxicity on A375 skin melanoma cells determined by MTT assay. The FT-IR spectra analysis confirmed the chemical nature of crude and crosslinking between cold creams. The cream was applied topically to rats pre-exposed to UV-B radiation (32,800 J/m2) four times/week (on alternate days). UV-B exposed without any treatment rats showed increased red spots or wrinkles (5 cm2). In contrast, the cold cream treatment application on irradiated skin has significantly reduced the size of rashes and red spots and the wound was contracted in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, histopathology of the experimental rat skin confirmed that CAVA cream treatment significantly reduced the epidermal thickening, damage in dermis and epidermis layers, and restructured the hair follicles. This study suggests that the cream formulated using CAVA can alleviate the damages caused by the UV-B-irradiation at a high level and safeguard the skin tissues. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02694-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madasamy Sundar
- Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Botany, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu 626124 India
- Department of Botany, Directorate of Distance Education, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625021 India
| | - Sudan Suresh
- Department of Botany, Directorate of Distance Education, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625021 India
| | - Krishnasamy Lingakumar
- Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Botany, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu 626124 India
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Chiari-Andréo BG, Almeida FBD, Yamasaki PR, Santos JLD, Corrêa MA, Chin CM, Isaac VLB. Can natural products improve skin photoprotection? RODRIGUÉSIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Due to increased UV radiation on the Earth’s surface, caused by depletion of the stratospheric ozone, people have become more susceptible to different types of skin damage, such as erythema, sunburns, and cancer; this is especially of concern in tropical countries. Thus, efforts to improve awareness as well as the use of sunscreen are increasing worldwide. However, synthetic UV filters have been associated with deleterious effects such as photosensitization. Natural products have been used by ancient cultures for several purposes, including protecting the skin from the sun. However, there is still doubt today whether photoprotection is a real phenomenom or whether it is simply tanning of the skin. Plants have self-protective mechanisms and produce secondary metabolites that can protect themselves from UV radiation. Yet, can phytochemical compounds protect human skin? This review discusses the paradoxical effect of chemical UV filters and the influence of phytochemicals in in vitro and in vivo tests of photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Renato Yamasaki
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Brazil; Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
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5
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Abstract
The skin cells continuously produce, through cellular respiration, metabolic processes or under external aggressions, highly reactive molecules oxidation products, generally called free radicals. These molecules are immediately neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in a physiological and dynamic balance. In situations where this balance is broken, various cellular structures, such as the cell membrane, nuclear or mitochondrial DNA may suffer structural modifications, triggering or worsening skin diseases. several substances with alleged antioxidant effects has been offered for topical or oral use, but little is known about their safety, possible associations and especially their mechanism of action. The management of topical and oral antioxidants can help dermatologist to intervene in the oxidative processes safely and effectively, since they know the mechanisms, limitations and potential risks of using these molecules as well as the potential benefits of available associations.
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6
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Delinasios GJ, Karbaschi M, Cooke MS, Young AR. Vitamin E inhibits the UVAI induction of "light" and "dark" cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, and oxidatively generated DNA damage, in keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:423. [PMID: 29323251 PMCID: PMC5764969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced DNA damage has acute, and long-term adverse effects in the skin. This damage arises directly by absorption of UVR, and indirectly via photosensitization reactions. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of vitamin E on UVAI-induced DNA damage in keratinocytes in vitro. Incubation with vitamin E before UVAI exposure decreased the formation of oxidized purines (with a decrease in intracellular oxidizing species), and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). A possible sunscreening effect was excluded when similar results were obtained following vitamin E addition after UVAI exposure. Our data showed that DNA damage by UVA-induced photosensitization reactions can be inhibited by the introduction of vitamin E either pre- or post-irradiation, for both oxidized purines and CPD (including so-called “dark” CPDs). These data validate the evidence that some CPD are induced by UVAI initially via photosensitization, and some via chemoexcitation, and support the evidence that vitamin E can intervene in this pathway to prevent CPD formation in keratinocytes. We propose the inclusion of similar agents into topical sunscreens and aftersun preparations which, for the latter in particular, represents a means to mitigate on-going DNA damage formation, even after sun exposure has ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Delinasios
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,International Institute of Anticancer Research, Kapandriti, 19014, Greece
| | - Mahsa Karbaschi
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.,Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences; and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, University Park, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Fl, 33199, USA
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. .,Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. .,Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences; and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, University Park, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Fl, 33199, USA.
| | - Antony R Young
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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7
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Martić R, Krajišnik D, Milić J. Antioxidants of plant origin in cosmetic products: Physicochemical properties and photoprotective potential. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1801001m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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8
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Lourith N, Kanlayavattanakul M, Chingunpitak J. Development of sunscreen products containing passion fruit seed extract. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nattaya Lourith
- Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand
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Hayden DR, Imhof A, Velikov KP. Biobased Nanoparticles for Broadband UV Protection with Photostabilized UV Filters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32655-32660. [PMID: 27934192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sunscreens rely on multiple compounds to provide effective and safe protection against UV radiation. UV filters in sunscreens, in particular, provide broadband UV protection but are heavily linked to adverse health effects due to the generation of carcinogenic skin-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon solar irradiation. Herein, we demonstrate significant reduction in the ROS concentration by encapsulating an antioxidant photostabilizer with multiple UV filters into biobased ethyl cellulose nanoparticles. The developed nanoparticles display complete broadband UV protection and can form transparent and flexible films. This system therefore shows significant potential toward effective and safe nanoparticle-based UV protective coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Hayden
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University , Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnout Imhof
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University , Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Krassimir P Velikov
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University , Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen , Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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Skin photoaging and the role of antioxidants in its prevention. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:930164. [PMID: 24159392 PMCID: PMC3789494 DOI: 10.1155/2013/930164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photoaging of the skin depends primarily on the degree of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and on an amount of melanin in the skin (skin phototype). In addition to direct or indirect DNA damage, UVR activates cell surface receptors of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the skin, which leads to a breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix and a shutdown of new collagen synthesis. It is hypothesized that dermal collagen breakdown is followed by imperfect repair that yields a deficit in the structural integrity of the skin, formation of a solar scar, and ultimately clinically visible skin atrophy and wrinkles. Many studies confirmed that acute exposure of human skin to UVR leads to oxidation of cellular biomolecules that could be prevented by prior antioxidant treatment and to depletion of endogenous antioxidants. Skin has a network of all major endogenous enzymatic and nonenzymatic protective antioxidants, but their role in protecting cells against oxidative damage generated by UV radiation has not been elucidated. It seems that skin's antioxidative defence is also influenced by vitamins and nutritive factors and that combination of different antioxidants simultaneously provides synergistic effect.
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11
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Kapadia GJ, S. Rao G, Takayasu J, Takasaki M, Iida A, Suzuki N, Konoshima T, Tokuda H. Evaluation of skin cancer chemoprevention potential of sunscreen agents using the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activationin vitroassay. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 35:143-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Kapadia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Howard University; Washington; DC; 20059; USA
| | - G. S. Rao
- Global Technology Resource Center; 145 Rosewood Drive; Streamwood; IL; 60107; U.S.A
| | - J. Takayasu
- Kyoto Bunkyo Junior University; Kyoto; 611-0041; Japan
| | - M. Takasaki
- Chiba Institute of Science; Chiba; 288-0025; Japan
| | - A. Iida
- Kinki University; Nara; 631-8505; Japan
| | - N. Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Howard University; Washington; DC; 20059; USA
| | - T. Konoshima
- Chiba Institute of Science; Chiba; 288-0025; Japan
| | - H. Tokuda
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Clinical Research and Development; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa; 920-1192; Japan
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