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Paquette S, Deroche MLD, Goffi-Gomez MV, Hoshino ACH, Lehmann A. Predicting emotion perception abilities for cochlear implant users. Int J Audiol 2023; 62:946-954. [PMID: 36047767 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In daily life, failure to perceive emotional expressions can result in maladjusted behaviour. For cochlear implant users, perceiving emotional cues in sounds remains challenging, and the factors explaining the variability in patients' sensitivity to emotions are currently poorly understood. Understanding how these factors relate to auditory proficiency is a major challenge of cochlear implant research and is critical in addressing patients' limitations. DESIGN To fill this gap, we evaluated different auditory perception aspects in implant users (pitch discrimination, music processing and speech intelligibility) and correlated them to their performance in an emotion recognition task. STUDY SAMPLE Eighty-four adults (18-76 years old) participated in our investigation; 42 cochlear implant users and 42 controls. Cochlear implant users performed worse than their controls on all tasks, and emotion perception abilities were correlated to their age and their clinical outcome as measured in the speech intelligibility task. RESULTS As previously observed, emotion perception abilities declined with age (here by about 2-3% in a decade). Interestingly, even when emotional stimuli were musical, CI users' skills relied more on processes underlying speech intelligibility. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that speech processing remains a clinical priority even when one is interested in affective skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paquette
- International Laboratory for Brain Music and Sound Research, Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - M L D Deroche
- International Laboratory for Brain Music and Sound Research, Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Laboratory for Hearing and Cognition, Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - M V Goffi-Gomez
- Cochlear Implant Group, School of Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Canada
| | - A C H Hoshino
- Cochlear Implant Group, School of Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Canada
| | - A Lehmann
- International Laboratory for Brain Music and Sound Research, Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Bissmeyer SRS, Goldsworthy RL. Combining Place and Rate of Stimulation Improves Frequency Discrimination in Cochlear Implant Users. Hear Res 2022; 424:108583. [PMID: 35930901 PMCID: PMC10849775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the auditory system, frequency is represented as tonotopic and temporal response properties of the auditory nerve. While these response properties are inextricably linked in normal hearing, cochlear implants can separately excite tonotopic location and temporal synchrony using different electrodes and stimulation rates, respectively. This separation allows for the investigation of the contributions of tonotopic and temporal cues for frequency discrimination. The present study examines frequency discrimination in adult cochlear implant users as conveyed by electrode position and stimulation rate, separately and combined. The working hypothesis is that frequency discrimination is better provided by place and rate cues combined compared to either cue alone. This hypothesis was tested in two experiments. In the first experiment, frequency discrimination needed for melodic contour identification was measured for frequencies near 100, 200, and 400 Hz using frequency allocation modeled after clinical processors. In the second experiment, frequency discrimination for pitch ranking was measured for frequencies between 100 and 1600 Hz using an experimental frequency allocation designed to provide better access to place cues. The results of both experiments indicate that frequency discrimination is better with place and rate cues combined than with either cue alone. These results clarify how signal processing for cochlear implants could better encode frequency into place and rate of electrical stimulation. Further, the results provide insight into the contributions of place and rate cues for pitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R S Bissmeyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Auditory Research Center, Health Research Association, Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1640 Marengo Street Suite 326, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
| | - Raymond L Goldsworthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Auditory Research Center, Health Research Association, Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1640 Marengo Street Suite 326, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
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3
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Mo J, Jiam NT, Deroche MLD, Jiradejvong P, Limb CJ. Effect of Frequency Response Manipulations on Musical Sound Quality for Cochlear Implant Users. Trends Hear 2022; 26:23312165221120017. [PMID: 35983700 PMCID: PMC9393940 DOI: 10.1177/23312165221120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implant (CI) users commonly report degraded musical sound quality. To improve CI-mediated music perception and enjoyment, we must understand factors that affect sound quality. In the present study, we utilize frequency response manipulation (FRM), a process that adjusts the energies of frequency bands within an audio signal, to determine its impact on CI-user sound quality assessments of musical stimuli. Thirty-three adult CI users completed an online study and listened to FRM-altered clips derived from the top songs in Billboard magazine. Participants assessed sound quality using the MUltiple Stimulus with Hidden Reference and Anchor for CI users (CI-MUSHRA) rating scale. FRM affected sound quality ratings (SQR). Specifically, increasing the gain for low and mid-range frequencies led to higher quality ratings than reducing them. In contrast, manipulating the gain for high frequencies (those above 2 kHz) had no impact. Participants with musical training were more sensitive to FRM than non-musically trained participants and demonstrated preference for gain increases over reductions. These findings suggest that, even among CI users, past musical training provides listeners with subtleties in musical appraisal, even though their hearing is now mediated electrically and bears little resemblance to their musical experience prior to implantation. Increased gain below 2 kHz may lead to higher sound quality than for equivalent reductions, perhaps because it offers greater access to lyrics in songs or because it provides more salient beat sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mo
- Davis School of Medicine, 8785University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nicole T Jiam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Patpong Jiradejvong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles J Limb
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Arslan NÖ, Akbulut AA, Köse B, Karaman-Demirel A, Derinsu U. Sound quality perception of cochlear implant recipients: low-frequency information and foreign-language effect. Int J Audiol 2021; 61:1045-1053. [PMID: 34894993 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.2005833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to adapt a method used in sound quality measurements named CI-MUSHRA (the multiple stimuli with hidden reference and anchor for cochlear implant users) to the Turkish language. The effect of low-frequency information and non-native musical stimuli on sound quality perception was investigated. DESIGN Subjects completed the Turkish version of the MUSHRA test, called TR-MUSHRA, and the original CI-MUSHRA test. Participants also completed the Turkish monosyllabic word recognition test and the spectral temporal modulated ripple test (SMRT). STUDY SAMPLE 19 cochlear implant (CI) users and 16 normal-hearing (NH) adults were included. RESULTS CI users demonstrated a lack of ability to detect the sound quality differences between original stimuli and stimuli with omitted low-frequency information up to 600 Hz in both tests. There was no significant main effect of the test version on sound quality ratings for the two groups. No significant correlation was found between mean sound quality scores, SMRT, and speech recognition in quiet and noise conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that CI users perform poorly in discriminating high-pass filtered musical sounds regardless of the language of the musical stimuli. The TR-MUSHRA can be used as a reliable research tool to evaluate the perceived sound quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyazi Ömer Arslan
- Program of Audiology and Speech Disorders, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Program of Speech and Hearing Science, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ahmet Alperen Akbulut
- Program of Audiology and Speech Disorders, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Audiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Köse
- Program of Audiology and Speech Disorders, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Karaman-Demirel
- Program of Audiology and Speech Disorders, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Derinsu
- Department of Audiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Variations in loudness are a fundamental component of the music listening experience. Cochlear implant (CI) processing, including amplitude compression, and a degraded auditory system may further degrade these loudness cues and decrease the enjoyment of music listening. This study aimed to identify optimal CI sound processor compression settings to improve music sound quality for CI users. DESIGN Fourteen adult MED-EL CI recipients participated (Experiment No. 1: n = 17 ears; Experiment No. 2: n = 11 ears) in the study. A software application using a modified comparison category rating (CCR) test method allowed participants to compare and rate the sound quality of various CI compression settings while listening to 25 real-world music clips. The two compression settings studied were (1) Maplaw, which informs audibility and compression of soft level sounds, and (2) automatic gain control (AGC), which applies compression to loud sounds. For each experiment, one compression setting (Maplaw or AGC) was held at the default, while the other was varied according to the values available in the clinical CI programming software. Experiment No. 1 compared Maplaw settings of 500, 1000 (default), and 2000. Experiment No. 2 compared AGC settings of 2.5:1, 3:1 (default), and 3.5:1. RESULTS In Experiment No. 1, the group preferred a higher Maplaw setting of 2000 over the default Maplaw setting of 1000 (p = 0.003) for music listening. There was no significant difference in music sound quality between the Maplaw setting of 500 and the default setting (p = 0.278). In Experiment No. 2, a main effect of AGC setting was found; however, no significant difference in sound quality ratings for pairwise comparisons were found between the experimental settings and the default setting (2.5:1 versus 3:1 at p = 0.546; 3.5:1 versus 3:1 at p = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS CI users reported improvements in music sound quality with higher than default Maplaw or AGC settings. Thus, participants preferred slightly higher compression for music listening, with results having clinical implications for improving music perception in CI users.
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Dincer D'Alessandro H, Boyle PJ, Portanova G, Mancini P. Music perception and speech intelligibility in noise performance by Italian-speaking cochlear implant users. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:3821-3829. [PMID: 34596714 PMCID: PMC8484297 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the performance correlations between music perception and speech intelligibility in noise by Italian-speaking cochlear implant (CI) users. Materials and methods Twenty postlingually deafened adults with unilateral CIs (mean age 65 years, range 46–92 years) were tested with a music quality questionnaire using three passages of music from Classical Music, Jazz, and Soul. Speech recognition in noise was assessed using two newly developed adaptive tests in Italian: The Sentence Test with Adaptive Randomized Roving levels (STARR) and Matrix tests. Results Median quality ratings for Classical, Jazz and Soul music were 63%, 58% and 58%, respectively. Median SRTs for the STARR and Matrix tests were 14.3 dB and 7.6 dB, respectively. STARR performance was significantly correlated with Classical music ratings (rs = − 0.49, p = 0.029), whereas Matrix performance was significantly correlated with both Classical (rs = − 0.48, p = 0.031) and Jazz music ratings (rs = − 0.56, p = 0.011). Conclusion Speech with competitive noise and music are naturally present in everyday listening environments. Recent speech perception tests based on an adaptive paradigm and sentence materials in relation with music quality measures might be representative of everyday performance in CI users. The present data contribute to cross-language studies and suggest that improving music perception in CI users may yield everyday benefit in speech perception in noise and may hence enhance the quality of listening for CI users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick J Boyle
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
- European Research Center, Advanced Bionics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ginevra Portanova
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Dincer D'Alessandro H, Ballantyne D, Portanova G, Greco A, Mancini P. Temporal coding and music perception in bimodal listeners. Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 49:202-208. [PMID: 34304943 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited low frequency (LF) pitch and temporal fine structure (TFS) sensitivity have been thought to contribute significantly to poor music perception in cochlear implant (CI) listeners. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate music perception in relation to LF pitch perception and temporal coding, specifically in people with bimodal stimulation as a promising approach to improve spectro-temporal sensitivity in CI listeners. METHODS Eleven postlingually deafened bimodal listeners participated in the study (mean age=55.5 years, range 36-75 years, SD=11.7). LF pitch/TFS sensitivity was evaluated by using two recently developed tests: Harmonic Intonation (HI) and Disharmonic Intonation (DI). The music perception protocol was based on three audio files in the genres of Classical, Jazz and Soul music and a music quality questionnaire regarding four subjective aspects: Clarity, Pleasantness, Naturalness and General Quality of Sounds. RESULTS CI alone and bimodal findings showed statistically significant differences for both temporal coding and music perception. DI findings showed statistically significant correlations with music quality ratings (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Bimodal music quality ratings were significantly better, indicating a significant improvement in the quality of music towards being significantly more clear, more natural, more pleasant, and better quality. Similarly, bimodal HI/DI findings improved significantly, although the amount of benefit was greater for the DI task with spectral information only below 300 Hz. Significant DI correlations with music quality ratings supported the test to be more indicative of better temporal coding of LF residual hearing and its effects on music perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Ballantyne
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Ginevra Portanova
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, Rome 00161, Italy.
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8
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Hwa TP, Wen CZ, Ruckenstein MJ. Assessment of music experience after cochlear implantation: A review of current tools and their utilization. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 7:116-125. [PMID: 33997721 PMCID: PMC8103528 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide an overview of the current available music assessment tools after cochlear implantation (CI); to report on the utilization of music assessments in the literature; to propose potential future directions in music assessment after CI. Methods A thorough search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library through October 31, 2020. MeSH search terms, keywords, and phrases included “cochlear implant,” “cochlear prosthesis,” “auditory prosthesis,” “music,” “music assessment,” “music questionnaire,” “music perception,” “music enjoyment, and “music experience.” Potentially relevant studies were reviewed for inclusion, with particular focus on assessments developed specifically for the cochlear implant population and intended for widespread use. Results/conclusions Six hundred and forty-three studies were screened for relevance to assessment of music experience among cochlear implantees. Eighty-one studies ultimately met criteria for inclusion. There are multiple validated tools for assessment of music experience after cochlear implantation, each of which provide slightly differing insights into the patients’ subjective and/or objective post-activation experience. However, no single assessment tool has been adopted into widespread use and thus, much of the literature pertaining to this topic evaluates outcomes non-uniformly, including single-use assessments designed specifically for the study at hand. The lack of a widely accepted universal tool for assessment of music limits our collective understanding the contributory and mitigating factors applicable to current music experience of cochlear implantees, and limits our ability to uniformly evaluate the success of new implant technologies or music training paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany P Hwa
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Z Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Ruckenstein
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Fowler SL, Calhoun H, Warner-Czyz AD. Music Perception and Speech-in-Noise Skills of Typical Hearing and Cochlear Implant Listeners. Am J Audiol 2021; 30:170-181. [PMID: 33647221 DOI: 10.1044/2020_aja-20-00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adult cochlear implant (CI) users rate music as one of the most important auditory stimuli, second to speech perception. However, few studies simultaneously examine music perception and speech-in-noise perception in adult CI recipients. This study explores the effect of auditory status on music perception and speech-in-noise perception recognition in noise as well as the relationship among music engagement, music perception, and speech-in-noise perception. Method Participants include 10 adults with typical hearing (TH) and 10 adults with long-term CI use. All participants completed the Music-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire, which assesses subjective music experiences and their importance; the Pitch Direction Discrimination, Familiar Melody Recognition, and Timbre Recognition subtests of the Clinical Assessment of Music Perception for Cochlear Implants; the Unfamiliar Melody Recognition subtest of the Profile of Music Perception Skills; and the Bamford-Kowal-Bench Speech-in-Noise Test. Results The TH group significantly outperformed the CI group for speech-in-noise perception and on all four music perception tasks. The CI group exhibited not only significantly poorer mean scores but also greater variability in performance compared to the TH group. Only Familiar Melody Recognition and Unfamiliar Melody Recognition subtests significantly correlated with speech-in-noise scores. Conclusions Patients and professionals should not assume speech perception and music perception in adult CI users derive from the same auditory or cognitive foundations. The lack of significant relationships among music engagement, music perception, and speech-in-noise perception scores in adult CI users suggests this population enjoys music despite poor and variable performance in discrete music tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Fowler
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Hannah Calhoun
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Andrea D. Warner-Czyz
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing, The University of Texas at Dallas
- UT Pediatric Cochlear Implant Program, The University of Texas at Dallas
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10
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Yüksel M, Atılgan A, Çiprut A. Music Listening Habits and Music Perception Abilities of Prelingually Deafened Adolescent Cochlear Implant Recipients. J Am Acad Audiol 2020; 31:740-745. [PMID: 33321542 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Music is a very important art form that can evoke strong emotions and involvement with it can have a considerable impact on cochlear implant (CI) recipients' quality of life. It is well known that music perception is limited in CI with fully electric hearing and CI recipients have significantly poorer music-appraisal ability when compared with normal hearing subjects. Considering the importance of music on the life of an adolescent and negative impact of hearing loss on mental health, understanding and improving music listening habits and perception abilities can have a positive impact on the mental health of CI user adolescents. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate music listening habits and music perception abilities of prelingually deafened adolescent CI users to reveal the relationship between self-reported assessment and psychophysical measurement. RESEARCH DESIGN The psychophysical measures of music perception and self-reported music listening habits of adolescent CI users were obtained. STUDY SAMPLE Twenty-nine prelingually deafened adolescent CI users were evaluated in this study. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The Turkish Clinical Assessment of Music Perception (T-CAMP) test was used to evaluate music perception abilities. These abilities were evaluated with a three-item questionnaire assessing enjoyment of music, listening habits, and comprehension of lyrics. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between the T-CAMP subtests and questionnaire items. RESULTS Statistically significant correlations were observed between the melody-recognition subtest of T-CAMP and all three questionnaire items. The correlation between the enjoyment and rate items on the questionnaire was also statistically significant. CONCLUSION The present study shows that adolescent CI users also enjoy and listen to music in ways similar to postlingually deafened adult CI users. It also demonstrates that melody-recognition abilities have a significant relationship with music enjoyment and listening habits in prelingually deafened adolescent CI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yüksel
- Audiology and Speech Disorders Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atılım Atılgan
- Audiology Department, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Çiprut
- Audiology Department, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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11
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Petersen B, Andersen ASF, Haumann NT, Højlund A, Dietz MJ, Michel F, Riis SK, Brattico E, Vuust P. The CI MuMuFe - A New MMN Paradigm for Measuring Music Discrimination in Electric Hearing. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:2. [PMID: 32038152 PMCID: PMC6990974 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implants (CIs) allow good perception of speech while music listening is unsatisfactory, leading to reduced music enjoyment. Hence, a number of ongoing efforts aim to improve music perception with a CI. Regardless of the nature of these efforts, effect measurements must be valid and reliable. While auditory skills are typically examined by behavioral methods, recording of the mismatch negativity (MMN) response, using electroencephalography (EEG), has recently been applied successfully as a supplementary objective measure. Eleven adult CI users and 14 normally hearing (NH) controls took part in the present study. To measure their detailed discrimination of fundamental features of music we applied a new multifeature MMN-paradigm which presented four music deviants at four levels of magnitude, incorporating a novel "no-standard" approach to be tested with CI users for the first time. A supplementary test measured behavioral discrimination of the same deviants and levels. The MMN-paradigm elicited significant MMN responses to all levels of deviants in both groups. Furthermore, the CI-users' MMN amplitudes and latencies were not significantly different from those of NH controls. Both groups showed MMN strength that was in overall alignment with the deviation magnitude. In CI users, however, discrimination of pitch levels remained undifferentiated. On average, CI users' behavioral performance was significantly below that of the NH group, mainly due to poor pitch discrimination. Although no significant effects were found, CI users' behavioral results tended to be in accordance with deviation magnitude, most prominently manifested in discrimination of the rhythm deviant. In summary, the study indicates that CI users may be able to discriminate subtle changes in basic musical features both in terms of automatic neural responses and of attended behavioral detection. Despite high complexity, the new CI MuMuFe paradigm and the "no-standard" approach provided reliable results, suggesting that it may serve as a relevant tool in future CI research. For clinical use, future studies should investigate the possibility of applying the paradigm with the purpose of assessing discrimination skills not only at the group level but also at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Petersen
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Friis Andersen
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Trusbak Haumann
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Højlund
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin J Dietz
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Franck Michel
- Audiological Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Riley PE, Ruhl DS, Camacho M, Tolisano AM. Music Appreciation after Cochlear Implantation in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 158:1002-1010. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599818760559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The cochlear implant (CI) improves quality of life for people who are severely and profoundly deafened, allowing implantees to perceive speech at levels similar to those of individuals with normal hearing. However, patients with CIs generally report a reduced appreciation of music after implantation. We aimed to systematically review the English-language literature for studies evaluating music enjoyment and perception among adult patients with CIs. Data Sources A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Review Methods The PRISMA statement was utilized to identify English-language studies reporting music appreciation among adults with CIs. Two independent reviewers performed searches through May 2017. Included studies investigated parameters related to music enjoyment and music perception, including (1) pitch and timbre perception, (2) noise-canceling algorithms, and (3) the presence of dissonant chords, lyrics, or visual cues. Results A total of 508 articles were screened for relevance. Forty-one full-text articles were evaluated, and 18 met final inclusion criteria. Studies used heterogeneous methods of outcome measurement for identifying music appreciation. The outcome measures suggest that rhythm and lyrics are important components of enjoyment. Patients with CIs had difficulty with pitch and timbre perception. Conclusion The heterogeneous outcome measures identified in this systematic review suggest that rhythm and lyrics are important components of enjoyment, while patients with CIs had difficulty with pitch and timbre perception. Because there is no standardized reporting metric for music appreciation among adult patients with CIs, a standardized validated outcome-measuring tool is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe E. Riley
- Uniformed Services University Health Systems, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas S. Ruhl
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Macario Camacho
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Anthony M. Tolisano
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Direct stimulation of the auditory nerve via a Cochlear Implant (CI) enables profoundly hearing-impaired people to perceive sounds. Many CI users find language comprehension satisfactory, but music perception is generally considered difficult. However, music contains different dimensions which might be accessible in different ways. We aimed to highlight three main dimensions of music processing in CI users which rely on different processing mechanisms: (1) musical discrimination abilities, (2) access to meaning in music, and (3) subjective music appreciation. All three dimensions were investigated in two CI user groups (post- and prelingually deafened CI users, all implanted as adults) and a matched normal hearing control group. The meaning of music was studied by using event-related potentials (with the N400 component as marker) during a music-word priming task while music appreciation was gathered by a questionnaire. The results reveal a double dissociation between the three dimensions of music processing. Despite impaired discrimination abilities of both CI user groups compared to the control group, appreciation was reduced only in postlingual CI users. While musical meaning processing was restorable in postlingual CI users, as shown by a N400 effect, data of prelingual CI users lack the N400 effect and indicate previous dysfunctional concept building.
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