1
|
Purrahman D, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Saki N, Wojdasiewicz P, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I, Poniatowski ŁA. Involvement of progranulin (PGRN) in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer. Cytokine 2022; 151:155803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
2
|
Granulin: An Invasive and Survival-Determining Marker in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126436. [PMID: 34208547 PMCID: PMC8235441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Granulin is a secreted, glycosylated peptide—originated by cleavage from a precursor protein—which is involved in cell growth, tumor invasion and angiogenesis. However, the specific prognostic impact of granulin in human colorectal cancer has only been studied to a limited extent. Thus, we wanted to assess the expression of granulin in colorectal cancer patients to evaluate its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Methods: Expressional differences of granulin in colorectal carcinoma tissue (n = 94) and corresponding healthy colon mucosa were assessed using qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed in colorectal cancer specimens (n = 97), corresponding healthy mucosa (n = 47) and colorectal adenomas (n = 19). Subsequently, the results were correlated with histopathological and clinical patients’ data. HCT-116 cells were transfected with siRNA for invasion and migration assays. Results: Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR revealed tumoral over expression of granulin in colorectal cancer specimens compared to corresponding healthy colon mucosa and adenomas. Tumoral overexpression of granulin was associated with a significantly impaired overall survival. Moreover, downregulation of granulin by siRNA significantly diminished the invasive capacities of HCT-116 cells in vitro. Conclusion: Expression of granulin differs in colorectal cancer tissue, adenomas and healthy colon mucosa. Furthermore, granulin features invasive and migrative capabilities and overexpression of granulin correlates with a dismal prognosis. This reveals its potential as a prognostic biomarker and granulin could be a worthwhile molecular target for individualized anticancer therapy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Serrero G. Progranulin/GP88, A Complex and Multifaceted Player of Tumor Growth by Direct Action and via the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:475-498. [PMID: 34664252 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the role of progranulin/GP88 on the proliferation and survival of a wide variety of cells has been steadily increasing. Several human diseases stem from progranulin dysregulation either through its overexpression in cancer or its absence as in the case of null mutations in some form of frontotemporal dementia. The present review focuses on the role of progranulin/GP88 in cancer development, progression, and drug resistance. Various aspects of progranulin identification, biology, and signaling pathways will be described. Information will be provided about its direct role as an autocrine growth and survival factor and its paracrine effect as a systemic factor as well as via interaction with extracellular matrix proteins and with components of the tumor microenvironment to influence drug resistance, migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune modulation. This chapter will also describe studies examining progranulin/GP88 tumor tissue expression as well as circulating level as a prognostic factor for several cancers. Due to the wealth of publications in progranulin, this review does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather provide a thread to lead the readers toward more in-depth exploration of this fascinating and unique protein.
Collapse
|
4
|
Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) Governs Microglia-Like BV2 Cell Migration via Progranulin (PGRN). Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8855822. [PMID: 33299399 PMCID: PMC7710409 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8855822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology, and microglia migration is a fundamental function during microglia activation. The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), a powerful transcriptional factor, was found to play a neuroprotective role in AD. Despite its possible role in disease progression, little is known about whether REST participates in microglia migration. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of REST and its molecular basis during microglia migration under Aβ1-42-treated pathological conditions. When treated by Aβ1-42 REST was upregulated through JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway in BV2 cells. And transwell coculture system was used to evaluate cell migration function of microglia-like BV2. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting progranulin (PGRN) were delivered into BV2 cells, and results showed that PGRN functions to promote BV2 migration. REST expression was inhibited by sh-RNA, which induced BV2 cell migration obviously. On the contrary, REST was overexpressed by REST recombinant plasmid transfection, which repressed BV2 cell migration, indicating that REST may act as a repressor of cell migration. To more comprehensively examine the molecular basis, we analyzed the promoter sequence of PGRN and found that it has the potential binding site of REST. Moreover, knocking-down of REST can increase the expression of PGRN, which confirms the inhibiting effect of REST on PGRN expression. Further detection of double luciferase reporter gene also confirmed the inhibition of REST on the activity of PGRN promoter, indicating that REST may be an inhibitory transcription factor of PGRN which governs microglia-like BV2 cell migration. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that transcription factor REST may act as a repressor of microglia migration through PGRN.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yue S, Ye X, Zhou T, Gan D, Qian H, Fang W, Yao M, Zhang D, Shi H, Chen T. PGRN -/- TAMs-derived exosomes inhibit breast cancer cell invasion and migration and its mechanism exploration. Life Sci 2020; 264:118687. [PMID: 33181174 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most malignant diseases world-wide and ranks the first among female cancers. Progranulin (PGRN) plays a carcinogenic role in breast cancer, but its mechanisms are not clear. In addition, there are few reports on the relationship between PGRN and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). AIMS To investigate the effects of exosomes derived from PGRN-/- TAMs on invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. MAIN METHODS Mouse breast cancer xenograft model was constructed to explore the effect of PGRN-/- tumor environment (TME) on breast cancer. Flow cytometry was used to compare TAMs of wild type (WT) and PGRN-/- tumor tissue. Transwell assay, wound healing assay and western blot were used to explore the effect of WT and PGRN-/- TAMs and their exosomes on invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells. MicroRNA (miRNA) assay was used to find out the differentially expressed miRNA of negative control (NC) and siPGRN-TAMs exosomes. Quantitative PCR and luciferase report assay were used to explore the target gene. KEY FINDINGS The lung metastasis of breast cancer of PGRN-/- mice was inhibited. PGRN-/- TAMs inhibited invasion, migration and EMT of breast cancer cells through their exosomes. MiR-5100 of PGRN-/- TAMs-derived exosomes was up-regulated, which might regulate expression of CXCL12, thereby inhibiting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, and ultimately inhibiting the invasion, migration and EMT of breast cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Our study elucidates a new molecular mechanism of lung metastasis of breast cancer, so it may contribute to efficient prevention and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiangsen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Delu Gan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Wenli Fang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Mengli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - He Shi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khoi PN, Li S, Thuan UT, Sah DK, Kang TW, Nguyen TT, Lian S, Xia Y, Jung YD. Lysophosphatidic Acid Upregulates Recepteur D'origine Nantais Expression and Cell Invasion via Egr-1, AP-1, and NF-κB Signaling in Bladder Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010304. [PMID: 31906413 PMCID: PMC6981588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle invasive bladder carcinoma is a highly malignant cancer with a high mortality rate, due to its tendency to metastasize. The tyrosine kinase recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) promotes bladder carcinoma metastasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid derivative, which acts as a signaling molecule to activate three high affinity G-protein coupled receptors, LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3. This in turn leads to cell proliferation and contributes to oncogenesis. However, little is known about the effects of LPA on invasive bladder cancer (IBC). In this study, we discovered that LPA upregulated RON expression, which in turn promoted cell invasion in bladder cancer T24 cells. As expected, we found that the LPA receptor was essential for the LPA induced increase in RON expression. More interestingly, we discovered that LPA induced RON expression via the MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK1/2), Egr-1, AP-1, and NF-κB signaling axes. These results provide experimental evidence and novel insights regarding bladder malignancy metastasis, which could be helpful for developing new therapeutic strategies for IBC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pham Ngoc Khoi
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Shinan Li
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Ung Trong Thuan
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Taek Won Kang
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Yong Xia
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (Y.D.J.); Tel.: +86-537-3616565 (Y.X.); +82-62220-4105 (Y.D.J.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (Y.D.J.); Tel.: +86-537-3616565 (Y.X.); +82-62220-4105 (Y.D.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nam JS, Sharma AR, Nguyen LT, Jagga S, Lee YH, Sharma G, Lee SS. Lysophosphatidic acid enhances breast cancer cells-mediated osteoclastogenesis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:503-511. [PMID: 30181697 PMCID: PMC6115344 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is known to play a critical role in breast cancer metastasis to bone. In this study, we tried to investigate any role of LPA in the regulation of osteoclastogenic cytokines from breast cancer cells and the possibility of these secretory factors in affecting osteoclastogenesis. Effect of secreted cytokines on osteoclastogenesis was analyzed by treating conditioned media from LPA-stimulated breast cancer cells to differentiating osteoclasts. Result demonstrated that IL-8 and IL-11 expression were upregulated in LPA-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. IL-8 was induced in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, however, IL-11 was induced only in MDA-MB-231, suggesting differential LPARs participation in the expression of these cytokines. Expression of IL-8 but not IL-11 was suppressed by inhibitors of PI3K, NFkB, ROCK and PKC pathways. In the case of PKC activation, it was observed that PKCδ and PKCμ might regulate LPA-induced expression of IL-11 and IL-8, respectively, by using specific PKC subtype inhibitors. Finally, conditioned Medium from LPA-stimulated breast cancer cells induced osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, LPA induced the expression of osteolytic cytokines (IL-8 and IL-11) in breast cancer cells by involving different LPA receptors. Enhanced expression of IL-8 by LPA may be via ROCK, PKCu, PI3K, and NFkB signaling pathways, while enhanced expression of IL-11 might involve PKCδ signaling pathway. LPA has the ability to enhance breast cancer cells-mediated osteoclastogenesis by inducing the secretion of cytokines such as IL-8 and IL-11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Suk Nam
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Lich Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Supriya Jagga
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pan Y, Cheung ST, Tong JHM, Tin KY, Kang W, Lung RWM, Wu F, Li H, Ng SSM, Mak TWC, To KF, Chan AWH. Granulin epithelin precursor promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by activating MARK/ERK pathway. J Transl Med 2018; 16:150. [PMID: 29866109 PMCID: PMC5987413 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Granulin epithelin precursor (GEP) is reported to function as a growth factor stimulating proliferation and migration, and conferring chemoresistance in many cancer types. However, the expression and functional roles of GEP in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain elusive. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the clinical significance of GEP in CRC and reveal the molecular mechanism of GEP in CRC initiation and progression. Methods The mRNA expression of GEP in CRC cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. The GEP protein expression was validated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray (TMA) including 190 CRC patient samples. The clinicopathological correlation analysis were achieved by GEP expression on TMA. Functional roles of GEP were determined by MTT proliferation, monolayer colony formation, cell invasion and migration and in vivo studies through siRNA/shRNA mediated knockdown assays. The cancer signaling pathway identification was acquired by flow cytometry, western blot and luciferase activity assays. Results The mRNA expression of GEP in CRC was significantly higher than it in normal colon tissues. GEP protein was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and most of the CRC cases demonstrated abundant GEP protein compared with non-tumorous tissues. GEP overexpression was associated with non-rectal location, advanced AJCC stage, regional lymph node and distant metastasis. By Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, GEP abundance served as a prognostic marker for worse survival in CRC patients. GEP knockdown exhibited anti-cancer effect such as inhibiting cell proliferation, monolayer colony formation, cell invasion and migration in DLD-1 and HCT 116 cells and decelerating xenograft formation in nude mice. siGEP also induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Luciferase activity assays further demonstrated GEP activation was involved in MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion In summary, we compressively delineate the oncogenic role of GEP in colorectal tumorigenesis by activating MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. GEP might serve as a useful prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1530-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Siu Tim Cheung
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Joanna Hung Man Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ka Yee Tin
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Raymond Wai Ming Lung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Simon Siu Man Ng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tony Wing Chung Mak
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Anthony Wing Hung Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bouchet S, Tang R, Fava F, Legrand O, Bauvois B. The CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 peptide induces a caspase-independent, Ca2+-dependent death in human leukemic myeloid cells by targeting surface aminopeptidase N/CD13. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19445-67. [PMID: 26655501 PMCID: PMC4991394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD13 antigen's binding site for the Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif enables NGR-containing chemotherapeutic drugs to be delivered to CD13-positive tumours. Human CD13-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells proliferate abnormally and escape death. Here, we show that the CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 peptide induces death in AML cell lines (U937, THP-1, NB4, HL-60) and primary blood cells from AML patients. Cell death was characterized as a caspase-independent mechanism, without DNA fragmentation, but phosphatidylserine externalization and membrane disruption. Our results demonstrate in U937 cells that (i) the NGR-peptide triggers the loss of mitochondrial potential(ΔΨm) and generates superoxide anion (O2-), (ii) N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and extra/intracellular Ca2+ chelators (BAPTA) prevent both O2- production and cell death, (iii) the Ca2+-channel blocker nifedipine prevents cell death (indicating that Ca2+ influx is the initial death trigger), and (iv) BAPTA, but not NAC, prevents ΔΨm loss (suggesting O2- is a mitochondrial downstream effector). AML cell lines and primary blasts responding to the lethal action of NGR-peptide express promatrix metalloproteinase-12 (proMMP-12) and its substrate progranulin (an 88 kDa cell survival factor). A cell-free assay highlighted proMMP-12 activation by O2-. Accordingly, NGR-peptide's downregulation of 88 kDa progranulin protein was prevented by BAPTA and NAC. Conversely, AML blast resistance to NGR-peptide is associated with the expression of a distinct, 105 kDa progranulin isoform. These results indicate that CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 induces death in AML cells through the Ca2+-mitochondria-O2.-pathway, and support the link between proMMP-12 activation and progranulin cleavage during cell death. Our findings may have implications for the understanding of tumour biology and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bouchet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ruoping Tang
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Fava
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Ollivier Legrand
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang D, Li R, Wang H, Wang J, Han L, Pan L, Li X, Kong Q, Wang G, Su X. Clinical implications of progranulin in gastric cancer and its regulation via a positive feedback loop involving AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9685-9691. [PMID: 29039535 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous years, progranulin (PGRN) has attracted increasing attention due to its oncogenic roles in several types of tumor. However, the clinical relevance of PGRN in gastric cancer remains to be elucidated. In the present study, 120 retrospective tissue samples were obtained from patients with primary gastric cancer, and the expression of PGRN was detected using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that 71 cases exhibited a high expression of PGRN, which was markedly higher than the 49 cases with a low expression of PGRN. Subsequent χ2 analysis confirmed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that a high level of PGRN was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.048), lymphatic invasion (P=0.018) and advanced clinical stage (P=0.027). Survival analysis showed that PGRN was positively correlated with poorer overall survival (OS; P=0.0043) and progression‑free survival (PFS; P=0.0022). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PGRN and clinical stage had a significant effect on the OS and PFS of the patients with gastric cancer. In addition, cell experiments confirmed that extracellular PGRN promoted the intracellular expression of PGRN in a concentration‑dependent manner in gastric cancer cells. The AKT and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase signaling pathways were involved in the upregulation of intracellular PGRN induced by extracellular PGRN in MKN‑45 and MGC‑803 gastric cancer cells. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that PGRN may be important in the progression and prognosis of gastric cancer, and that the expression of PGRN was regulated in a positive feedback loop. These findings enhance current knowledge regarding PGRN in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Huili Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Junye Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Pan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Qingli Kong
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Guijuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Su
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walsh CE, Hitchcock PF. Progranulin regulates neurogenesis in the developing vertebrate retina. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:1114-1129. [PMID: 28380680 PMCID: PMC5568971 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the expression and function of the microglia‐specific growth factor, Progranulin‐a (Pgrn‐a) during developmental neurogenesis in the embryonic retina of zebrafish. At 24 hpf pgrn‐a is expressed throughout the forebrain, but by 48 hpf pgrn‐a is exclusively expressed by microglia and/or microglial precursors within the brain and retina. Knockdown of Pgrn‐a does not alter the onset of neurogenic programs or increase cell death, however, in its absence, neurogenesis is significantly delayed—retinal progenitors fail to exit the cell cycle at the appropriate developmental time and postmitotic cells do not acquire markers of terminal differentiation, and microglial precursors do not colonize the retina. Given the link between Progranulin and cell cycle regulation in peripheral tissues and transformed cells, we analyzed cell cycle kinetics among retinal progenitors following Pgrn‐a knockdown. Depleting Pgrn‐a results in a significant lengthening of the cell cycle. These data suggest that Pgrn‐a plays a dual role during nervous system development by governing the rate at which progenitors progress through the cell cycle and attracting microglial progenitors into the embryonic brain and retina. Collectively, these data show that Pgrn‐a governs neurogenesis by regulating cell cycle kinetics and the transition from proliferation to cell cycle exit and differentiation. © 2017 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1114–1129, 2017
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Walsh
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105
| | - Peter F Hitchcock
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biological function analysis of monoclonal antibodies against human granulins in vitro using U251 cells as a model. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 130:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Eicosopentaneoic Acid and Other Free Fatty Acid Receptor Agonists Inhibit Lysophosphatidic Acid- and Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation of Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020016. [PMID: 26821052 PMCID: PMC4773772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many key actions of ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids have recently been shown to be mediated by two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) family, FFA1 (GPR40) and FFA4 (GPR120). n-3 Fatty acids inhibit proliferation of human breast cancer cells in culture and in animals. In the current study, the roles of FFA1 and FFA4 were investigated. In addition, the role of cross-talk between GPCRs activated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and the tyrosine kinase receptor activated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), was examined. In MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines, both LPA and EGF stimulated proliferation, Erk activation, Akt activation, and CCN1 induction. LPA antagonists blocked effects of LPA and EGF on proliferation in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and on cell migration in MCF-7. The n-3 fatty acid eicosopentaneoic acid inhibited LPA- and EGF-induced proliferation in both cell lines. Two synthetic FFAR agonists, GW9508 and TUG-891, likewise inhibited LPA- and EGF-induced proliferation. The data suggest a major role for FFA1, which was expressed by both cell lines. The results indicate that n-3 fatty acids inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation via FFARs, and suggest a mechanism involving negative cross-talk between FFARS, LPA receptors, and EGF receptor.
Collapse
|
14
|
Curcumin inhibits LPA-induced invasion by attenuating RhoA/ROCK/MMPs pathway in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:37-47. [PMID: 25596714 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer generally shows poor prognosis because of its invasion and metastasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induces and aggravates cancer invasion and metastasis by activating its downstream signal pathways. RhoA/ROCK/MMP signaling was found one of the LPA-induced pathways, which may be involved in invasion of breast cancer. Furthermore, we investigated whether this pathway was involved in curcumin's effect against LPA-induced invasion. LPA incubation was used to enhance invasion of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. RhoA expression was knocked-down by siRNA technique. MTT assay was used to evaluate the proliferation. Transwell assay was utilized to investigate the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the expressions of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, MMP2 and MMP9 at both translational and transcriptional levels. The RhoA and ROCK activities were also evaluated. LPA incubation significantly boosted invasion rate of MCF-7. RhoA silencing by siRNA dramatically inhibited LPA-enhanced invasion. Concurrently, RhoA and ROCK activities and expression levels of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, MMP2 and MMP9 were down-regulated by RhoA siRNA transfection. In order to avoid influence of cytotoxicity of curcumin, concentrations below 45 μmol/L were selected to further investigate the mechanism of curcumin's anti-invasion effect. Invasion of LPA-incubated MCF-7 cells was impaired by curcumin in a concentration-dependent manner. Concurrently, RhoA and ROCK activities and expression levels of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, MMP2 and MMP9 were down-regulated by curcumin in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, RhoA/ROCK/MMPs pathway activation is involved in LPA-induced invasion in MCF-7 cells; curcumin inhibited LPA-induced invasion in MCF-7 cells by attenuating RhoA/ROCK/MMPs pathway.
Collapse
|
15
|
The role and therapeutic potential of the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate signalling axis in breast cancer. Biochem J 2014; 463:157-65. [PMID: 25195735 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ATX (autotaxin) is a secreted lysophospholipase capable of catalysing the formation of the bioactive lipid mediator LPA (lysophosphatidate) from LPC (lysophosphatidylcholine). The ATX-LPA signalling axis plays an important role in both normal physiology and disease pathogenesis, including cancer. In a number of different human cancers, expression of ATX and the G-protein-coupled LPARs (lysophosphatidic acid receptors) have been shown to be elevated and their activation regulates many processes central to tumorigenesis, including proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis. The present review provides an overview of the ATX-LPA signalling axis and collates current knowledge regarding its specific role in breast cancer. The potential manipulation of this pathway to facilitate diagnosis and treatment is also discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun K, Cai H, Duan X, Yang Y, Li M, Qu J, Zhang X, Wang J. Aberrant expression and potential therapeutic target of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 in triple-negative breast cancers. Clin Exp Med 2014; 15:371-80. [PMID: 25209561 PMCID: PMC4522273 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-014-0306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Triple receptor-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) generally have poor prognoses because of the loss of therapeutic targets. As lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor signaling has been shown to affect breast cancer initiation and progression, we try to evaluate the potential roles of LPA receptors in TNBCs. We examined mRNA and protein expressions of LPA receptors 1-3, using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses in normal (n = 37), benign disease (n = 55), and breast cancer tissues (n = 82). Carcinomas expressed higher levels of LPA2 and LPA3 mRNAs (0.17 ± 0.070 and 0.05 ± 0.023, respectively) than did normal breast tissue (0.13 ± 0.072 and 0.02 ± 0.002, respectively). Enhanced immunohistochemical staining for LPA2 and LPA3 protein was also consistently observed in carcinomas. The LPA3 overexpression was associated with lymph node metastases, and absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. TNBC tissues and cell lines showed the highest LPA3 expression compared with luminal-type A and B breast cancers. Suppression of LPA3 by shRNA did not influence cell growth in breast cancer cells. However, the migration and invasion of TNBC cells were significantly inhibited by LPA3-shRNA or inhibitor, which had no or less effect on normal and non-TNBC breast cells. In conclusion, our data indicated that the expression of LPA receptor 3 was increased in human TNBCs and is associated with tumor metastatic ability, and this implies that LPA3 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bennion Callister J, Pickering-Brown SM. Pathogenesis/genetics of frontotemporal dementia and how it relates to ALS. Exp Neurol 2014; 262 Pt B:84-90. [PMID: 24915640 PMCID: PMC4221591 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the most interesting findings in the field of neurodegeneration in recent years is tfche discovery of a genetic mutation in the C9orf72 gene, the most common mutation found to be causative of sporadic and familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and concomitant FTD-ALS (DeJesus-Hernandez et al., 2011b; Renton et al., 2011). While clinical and molecular data, such as the identification of TDP-43 being a common pathological protein (Neumann et al., 2006) have hinted at such a link for years, the identification of what was formally known as “the chromosome 9 FTLD-ALS gene” has provided a foundation for better understanding of the relationship between the two. Indeed, it is now recognized that ALS and FTLD-TDP represent a disease spectrum. In this review, we will discuss the current genetic and pathological features of the FTLD-ALS spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janis Bennion Callister
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stuart M Pickering-Brown
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang X, Lin C, Zhao X, Liu A, Zhu J, Li X, Song L. Acylglycerol kinase promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in breast cancer via suppression of the FOXO1 transcription factor. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:106. [PMID: 24886245 PMCID: PMC4028287 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is reported to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. The clinical significance and biological role of AGK in breast cancer, however, remain to be established. Methods AGK expression in breast cancer cell lines, paired patient tissues were determined using immunoblotting and Real-time PCR. 203 human breast cancer tissue samples were analyzed by immunochemistry (IHC) to investigate the relationship between AGK expression and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Functional assays, such as colony formation, anchorage-independent growth and BrdU assay, and a xenograft tumor model were used to determine the oncogenic role of AGK in human breast cancer progression. The effect of AGK on FOXO1 transactivity was further investigated using the luciferase reporter assays, and by detection of the FOXO1 downstream genes. Results Herein, we report that AGK was markedly overexpressed in breast cancer cells and clinical tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of AGK significantly correlated with patients’ clinicopathologic characteristics, including clinical stage and tumor-nodule-metastasis (TNM) classification. Breast cancer patients with higher levels of AGK expression had shorter overall survival compared to patients with lower AGK levels. We gained valuable insights into the mechanism of AGK expression in breast cancer cells by demonstrating that overexpressing AGK significantly enhanced, whereas silencing endogenous AGK inhibited, the proliferation and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of AGK enhanced G1-S phase transition in breast cancer cells, which was associated with activation of AKT, suppression of FOXO1 transactivity, downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 and upregulation of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1. Conclusions Taken together, these findings provide new evidence that AGK plays an important role in promoting proliferation and tumorigenesis in human breast cancer and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bandey I, Chiou SH, Huang AP, Tsai JC, Tu PH. Progranulin promotes Temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma by orchestrating DNA repair and tumor stemness. Oncogene 2014; 34:1853-64. [PMID: 24793792 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults with a dismal prognosis. Current therapy of surgical removal combined with Temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy only slightly prolongs the survival of GBM patients. Thus, it is essential to elucidate mechanism underlying its highly malignant properties in order to develop efficacious therapeutic regimens. In this study, we showed that progranulin (PGRN) was overexpressed in most GBM cell lines and the majority of human tumor samples. PGRN overexpression conferred GBM cells with tumorigenic properties and TMZ resistance by upregulating DNA repair (PARP, ATM, BRCA1, Rad51, XRCC1 and so on) and cancer stemness (CD133, CD44, ABCG2) genes, in part via an AP-1 transcription factor, specifically cFos/JunB. Curcumin, an AP-1 inhibitor, was also found to regulate PGRN promoter activity and expression including its downstream effectors aforementioned. These data suggested a feedforward loop between PGRN signaling and AP-1. PGRN depletion significantly decreased unlimited self-renewal and multilineage differentiation and the malignant properties of GBMs cells S1R1, and enhanced their vulnerability to TMZ. In addition, S1R1 depleted of PGRN also lost the ability to form tumor in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, PGRN had a critical role in the pathogenesis and chemoresistance of GBM and functioned at the top of the hierarchy of cellular machinery that modulates both DNA repair pathways and cancer stemness. Our data suggest that a new strategy combining current regimens with compounds targeting PGRN/AP-1 loop like curcumin may significantly improve the therapeutic outcome of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Bandey
- 1] Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-H Chiou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A-P Huang
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-C Tsai
- 1] Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-h Tu
- 1] Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rego SL, Helms RS, Dréau D. Breast tumor cell TACE-shed MCSF promotes pro-angiogenic macrophages through NF-κB signaling. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:573-85. [PMID: 24197832 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most deaths associated with breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women, are caused by metastasis. Tumor associated macrophages significantly contribute to breast cancer progression and development of metastasis through the promotion of angiogenesis which involves a central regulator of macrophage functions: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Macrophages are activated by macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) to secrete angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The release of MCSF from tumor cells is mediated by ectodomain shedding through tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme activation (TACE). Here we determined whether tumor cells TACE-shed MCSF promotes angiogenesis through activation of the NF-κB pathway in macrophages and the subsequent release of VEGF. These interactions were modeled in vitro using a panel of mammary cells mimicking the breast cancer progression from normal murine mammary gland cells to metastatic 4T1 cells along with J774 macrophages, all derived from BALB/c mice. TACE and MCSF expressions were higher in metastatic cells compared to epithelial cells (p < 0.05). Tumor conditioned medias activated the expression of VEGF by macrophages through stimulation of the NF-κB pathway and resulting macrophage secretions that promoted high levels of endothelial cell tubes. Furthermore, the combinations of CCL2, also highly expressed by tumor cells, and MCSF promoted pro-angiogenic macrophages. These results highlight the key role of tumor cell TACE-shed MCSF and secreted CCL2 in stimulating pro-angiogenic macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Rego
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rego SL, Swamydas M, Kidiyoor A, Helms R, De Piante A, Lance AL, Mukherjee P, Dréau D. Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors Shed by Breast Tumor Cells Inhibit Macrophage Chemotaxis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:672-81. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Lee Rego
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Amritha Kidiyoor
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Rachel Helms
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Alexander De Piante
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Amanda L. Lance
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Pinku Mukherjee
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Didier Dréau
- Cell and Molecular Division, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Göbel M, Eisele L, Möllmann M, Hüttmann A, Johansson P, Scholtysik R, Bergmann M, Busch R, Döhner H, Hallek M, Seiler T, Stilgenbauer S, Klein-Hitpass L, Dührsen U, Dürig J. Progranulin is a novel independent predictor of disease progression and overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72107. [PMID: 24009671 PMCID: PMC3751910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (Pgrn) is a 88 kDa secreted protein with pleiotropic functions including regulation of cell cycle progression, cell motility, wound repair and tumorigenesis. Using microarray based gene expression profiling we have recently demonstrated that the gene for Pgrn, granulin (GRN), is significantly higher expressed in aggressive CD38(+)ZAP-70(+) as compared to indolent CD38(-)ZAP-70(-) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases. Here, we measured Pgrn plasma concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the Essen CLL cohort of 131 patients and examined Pgrn for association with established prognostic markers and clinical outcome. We found that high Pgrn plasma levels were strongly associated with adverse risk factors including unmutated IGHV status, expression of CD38 and ZAP-70, poor risk cytogenetics (11q-, 17p-) as detected by flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and high Binet stage. Pgrn as well as the aforementioned risk factors were prognostic for time to first treatment and overall survival in this series. Importantly, these results could be confirmed in the independent multicentric CLL1 cohort of untreated Binet stage A patients (n = 163). Here, multivariate analysis of time to first treatment revealed that high risk Pgrn (HR = 2.06, 95%-CI = 1.13-3.76, p = 0.018), unmutated IGHV status (HR = 5.63, 95%-CI = 3.05-10.38, p<0.001), high risk as defined by the study protocol (HR = 2.06, 95%-CI = 1.09-3.89, p = 0.026) but not poor risk cytogenetics were independent prognostic markers. In summary our results suggest that Pgrn is a novel, robust and independent prognostic marker in CLL that can be easily measured by ELISA.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Patient Outcome Assessment
- Prognosis
- Progranulins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Göbel
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Möllmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patricia Johansson
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - René Scholtysik
- Institute of Cell Biology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuela Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Raymonde Busch
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, Köln, Germany
| | - Till Seiler
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carlson J, Baxter SA, Dréau D, Nesmelova IV. The heterodimerization of platelet-derived chemokines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1834:158-68. [PMID: 23009808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines encompass a large family of proteins that act as chemoattractants and are involved in many biological processes. In particular, chemokines guide the migration of leukocytes during normal and inflammatory conditions. Recent studies reveal that the heterophilic interactions between chemokines significantly affect their biological activity, possibly representing a novel regulatory mechanism of the chemokine activities. The co-localization of platelet-derived chemokines in vivo allows them to interact. Here, we used nano-spray ionization mass spectrometry to screen eleven different CXC and CC platelet-derived chemokines for possible interactions with the two most abundant chemokines present in platelets, CXCL4 and CXCL7. Results indicate that many screened chemokines, although not all of them, form heterodimers with CXCL4 and/or CXCL7. In particular, a strong heterodimerization was observed between CXCL12 and CXCL4 or CXCL7. Compared to other chemokines, the main structural difference of CXCL12 is in the orientation and packing of the C-terminal alpha-helix in relation to the beta-sheet. The analysis of one possible structure of the CXCL4/CXCL12 heterodimer, CXC-type structure, using molecular dynamics (MD) trajectory reveals that CXCL4 may undergo a conformational transition to alter the alpha helix orientation. In this new orientation, the alpha-helix of CXCL4 aligns in parallel with the CXCL12 alpha-helix, an energetically more favorable conformation. Further, we determined that CXCL4 and CXCL12 physically interact to form heterodimers by co-immunoprecipitations from human platelets. Overall, our results highlight that many platelet-derived chemokines are capable of heterophilic interactions and strongly support future studies of the biological impact of these interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Carlson
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, David H. Murdock Research Institute, 150 Research Campus Dr., Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|