1
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Cui W, Subramani A, Fonseca P, Zhang Y, Tong L, Zhang Y, Egevad L, Lundqvist A, Holmgren L. Deciphering the Role of p60AmotL2 in Epithelial Extrusion and Cell Detachment. Cells 2023; 12:2158. [PMID: 37681890 PMCID: PMC10486482 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserving an accurate cell count is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Apical extrusion, a process in which redundant cells are eliminated by neighboring cells, plays a key role in this regard. Recent studies have revealed that apical extrusion can also be triggered in cells transformed by oncogenes, suggesting it may be a mechanism through which tumor cells escape their microenvironment. In previous work, we demonstrated that p60AmotL2 modulates the E-cadherin function by inhibiting its connection to radial actin filaments. This isoform of AmotL2 is expressed in invasive breast and colon tumors and promotes invasion in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptionally regulated by c-Fos, p60AmotL2 is induced by local stress signals such as severe hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the normal role of p60AmotL2 in epithelial tissues. We found that this isoform is predominantly expressed in the gut, where cells experience rapid turnover. Through time-lapse imaging, we present evidence that cells expressing p60AmotL2 are extruded by their normal neighboring cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that tumor cells exploit this pathway to detach from normal epithelia and invade surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden (L.E.)
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2
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Yoon JS, Ahn SJ, Choi MY. Selection and Comparative Gene Expression of Midgut-Specific Targets for Drosophila suzukii. INSECTS 2023; 14:76. [PMID: 36662004 PMCID: PMC9864236 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is a destructive and invasive pest that attacks most small fruits and cherries. The current management for SWD involves the use of conventional insecticides. In an effort to develop a biologically based control option, the application of RNA interference (RNAi) has been investigated. To develop an RNAi approach, suitable targets must be identified, and an efficient delivery method must be developed for introducing the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the midgut. In D. suzukii, we previously found that dsRNA nucleases actively degrade dsRNA molecules in the midgut. In this study, we focused on identifying biological targets focused on the midgut membrane. The profile of midgut-specific genes was analyzed and compared with the genes expressed in the whole-body using transcriptome analysis. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that 1921 contigs were upregulated and 1834 contigs were downregulated in the midgut when compared to genes from other body tissues. We chose ten midgut-specifically upregulated genes and empirically confirmed their expressions. We are particularly interested in the midgut membrane proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) receptor, neuropeptide F (NPF) recepror, toll-9, adhesion receptors, methuselah (mth), and gustatory receptor, because insect GPCRs have been offered great potential for next-generation pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Sun Yoon
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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3
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Vae Priest A, Koirala R, Sivasankar S. Cadherins can dimerize via asymmetric interactions. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1639-1646. [PMID: 35532156 PMCID: PMC9829383 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadherins are essential cell-cell adhesion proteins that interact in two distinct conformations: X-dimers and strand-swap dimers. Both X-dimers and strand-swap dimers are thought to exclusively rely on symmetric sets of interactions between key amino acids on both cadherin binding partners. Here, we use single-molecule atomic force microscopy and computer simulations to show that symmetry in cadherin binding is dispensable and that cadherins can also interact in a novel conformation that asymmetrically incorporates key elements of both strand-swap dimers and X-dimers. Our results clarify the biophysical rules for cadherin binding and demonstrate that cadherins interact in a more diverse range of conformations than previously understood.
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4
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Chen Y, Brasch J, Harrison OJ, Bidone TC. Computational model of E-cadherin clustering under force. Biophys J 2021; 120:4944-4954. [PMID: 34687721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherins play a critical role in the formation of cell-cell adhesions for several physiological functions, including tissue development, repair, and homeostasis. The formation of clusters of E-cadherins involves extracellular adhesive (trans-) and lateral (cis-) associations between E-cadherin ectodomains and stabilization through intracellular binding to the actomyosin cytoskeleton. This binding provides force to the adhesion and is required for mechanotransduction. However, the exact role of cytoskeletal force on the clustering of E-cadherins is not well understood. To gain insights into this mechanism, we developed a computational model based on Brownian dynamics. In the model, E-cadherins transit between structural and functional states; they are able to bind and unbind other E-cadherins on the same and/or opposite cell(s) through trans- and cis-interactions while also creating dynamic links with the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Our results show that actomyosin force governs the fraction of E-cadherins in clusters and the size and number of clusters. For low forces (below 10 pN), a large number of small E-cadherin clusters form with less than five E-cadherins each. At higher forces, the probability of forming fewer but larger clusters increases. These findings support the idea that force reinforces cell-cell adhesions, which is consistent with differences in cluster size previously observed between apical and lateral junctions of epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Julia Brasch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Oliver J Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tamara C Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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5
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Wu SK, Gomez GA, Stehbens SJ, Smutny M. Editorial: Forces in Biology - Cell and Developmental Mechanobiology and Its Implications in Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598179. [PMID: 33102494 PMCID: PMC7554504 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Selwin K Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Samantha J Stehbens
- Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Division, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Smutny
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology & Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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6
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Gao Y, Yang L, Chin Y, Liu F, Li RW, Yuan S, Xue C, Xu J, Tang Q. Astaxanthin n-Octanoic Acid Diester Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Modulates Gut Microbiota in High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062149. [PMID: 32245087 PMCID: PMC7139465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin n-octanoic acid diester (AOD) is a type of astaxanthin connecting medium-chain fatty acids with a more stable structure. In this study, we examined the role of AOD in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFD) as well as its effect on modulating gut microbiota in mice, with free astaxanthin (AST) as a comparison. Four groups of male C57BL/6J mice (6 weeks old; n = 10 per group) were fed with a normal control diet (NC), HFD orally administered with AOD, AST (50 mg/kg body weight), or vehicle for 8 weeks. AOD improved glucose tolerance, IR, systematic and intestinal inflammation, and intestinal integrity better than AST. Further, both AOD and AST modulated gut microbiota. A significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides and Coprococcus was found in AOD than in AST, and the predicted pathway of carbohydrate metabolism was significantly impacted by AOD. Overall, AOD may play a role in alleviating IR and inflammation with the modulating effect on microbiota in HFD-fed mice. Our findings could facilitate the development of AOD as a bioactive nutraceutical and more stable alternative to AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yaoxian Chin
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Robert W. Li
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics and Improvement, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Shihan Yuan
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Q.T.); Tel.: +86-0532-8203-2597 (J.X. & Q.T.)
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Q.T.); Tel.: +86-0532-8203-2597 (J.X. & Q.T.)
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7
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Biswas KH. Molecular Mobility-Mediated Regulation of E-Cadherin Adhesion. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 45:163-173. [PMID: 31810601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells in epithelial tissues utilize homotypic E-cadherin interaction-mediated adhesions to both physically adhere to each other and sense the physical properties of their microenvironment, such as the presence of other cells in close vicinity or an alteration in the mechanical tension of the tissue. These position E-cadherin centrally in organogenesis and other processes, and its function is therefore tightly regulated through a variety of means including endocytosis and gene expression. How does membrane molecular mobility of E-cadherin, and thus membrane physical properties and associated actin cytoskeleton, impinges on the assembly of adhesive clusters and signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir H Biswas
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar.
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8
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Wu SK, Priya R. Spatio-Temporal Regulation of RhoGTPases Signaling by Myosin II. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:90. [PMID: 31192208 PMCID: PMC6546806 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoGTPase activation of non-muscle myosin II regulates cell division, extrusion, adhesion, migration, and tissue morphogenesis. However, the regulation of myosin II and mechanotransduction is not straightforward. Increasingly, the role of myosin II on the feedback regulation of RhoGTPase signaling is emerging. Indeed, myosin II controls RhoGTPase signaling through multiple mechanisms, namely contractility driven advection, scaffolding, and sequestration of signaling molecules. Here we discuss these mechanisms by which myosin II regulates RhoGTPase signaling in cell adhesion, migration, and tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwin K Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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9
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Abstract
A wide range of cell–microenvironmental interactions are mediated by membrane-localized receptors that bind ligands present on another cell or the extracellular matrix. This situation introduces a number of physical effects including spatial organization of receptor–ligand complexes and development of mechanical forces in cells. Unlike traditional experimental approaches, hybrid live cell–supported lipid bilayer (SLB) systems, wherein a live cell interacts with a synthetic substrate supported membrane, allow interrogation of these aspects of receptor signaling. The SLB system directly offers facile control over the identity, density, and mobility of ligands used for engaging cellular receptors. Further, application of various nano- and micropatterning techniques allows for spatial patterning of ligands. In this review, we describe the hybrid live cell–SLB system and its application in uncovering a range of spatial and mechanical aspects of receptor signaling. We highlight the T cell immunological synapse, junctions formed between EphA2- and ephrinA1-expressing cells, and adhesions formed by cadherin and integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir H. Biswas
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553
| | - Jay T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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10
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Hamidi S, Nakaya Y, Nagai H, Alev C, Shibata T, Sheng G. Biomechanical regulation of EMT and epithelial morphogenesis in amniote epiblast. Phys Biol 2019; 16:041002. [PMID: 30875695 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epiblast is composed of pluripotent cells which will give rise to all cell lineages in a human body. It forms a single-cell layered epithelium conserved among all amniotic vertebrates (birds, reptiles and mammals) and undergoes complex morphogenesis both before and during gastrulation. Our knowledge of the amniote epiblast is based on data acquired through cellular and molecular analyses of early chick and mouse embryos in vivo and mammalian pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro. Very few studies have been published on biomechanical characteristics of the amniote epiblast, largely due to lack of experimental tools for measuring and perturbing biomechanical properties. Also missing is a conceptual framework that can integrate both biomechanical and molecular parameters of the epiblast. This review is aimed at providing a background based on which epiblast morphogenesis, including its transition between the epithelial and mesenchymal states, can be understood from a biomechanical perspective. This simple developmental biology system is suitable for testing a multitude of theoretical models in biomechanics, leading to a better understanding of biomechanical logics and constraints governing multicellular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Hamidi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. These authors contributed equally
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11
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Weng J, Yu L, Chen Z, Su H, Yu S, Zhang Y, Lei X, Chen L, Cui Y, Huang Q, Jiang Y, Guo X. β-Catenin phosphorylation at Y654 and Y142 is crucial for high mobility group box-1 protein-induced pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 127:174-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Zhang M, Cao TT, Wei ZG, Zhang YQ. Silk Sericin Hydrolysate is a Potential Candidate as a Serum-Substitute in the Culture of Chinese Hamster Ovary and Henrietta Lacks Cells. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5300249. [PMID: 30690536 PMCID: PMC6346402 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The silk sericin hydrolysate (SSH) from the waste of silk processing as a substitute of fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used for the culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and Henrietta Lacks (Hela) strain of human cervical cancer cells. The survival ratio of these cells cultured in SSH media were similar to or higher than those in FBS media. Especially after the serum was replaced by low concentration of SSH at 15.0 μg/ml for 5 d, the proliferation of both cells was also similar to or higher than that of FBS group; the percentages of CHO and Hela cells in S-phase were 28.9 and 28.0%, respectively. The former is nearly two times that of FBS group, the latter is also higher than the control group. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that among the differentially expressed genes, the relative expression of CXCL12 gene of CHO cells in SSH group increased, was three times that of serum group, and the relative expression of LCN2 gene of Hela cells increased 2.8 times, indicating that these related genes were activated to promote cell growth and proliferation. These results fully illustrated the hydrolysated sericin has a potential use as serum substitutes in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng-Guo Wei
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
- Corresponding author, e-mail: (Y.-Q. Zhang)
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13
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Crumbs, Moesin and Yurt regulate junctional stability and dynamics for a proper morphogenesis of the Drosophila pupal wing epithelium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16778. [PMID: 29196707 PMCID: PMC5711895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Crumbs (Crb) complex is a key epithelial determinant. To understand its role in morphogenesis, we examined its function in the Drosophila pupal wing, an epithelium undergoing hexagonal packing and formation of planar-oriented hairs. Crb distribution is dynamic, being stabilized to the subapical region just before hair formation. Lack of crb or stardust, but not DPatj, affects hexagonal packing and delays hair formation, without impairing epithelial polarities but with increased fluctuations in cell junctions and perimeter length, fragmentation of adherens junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Crb interacts with Moesin and Yurt, FERM proteins regulating the actomyosin network. We found that Moesin and Yurt distribution at the subapical region depends on Crb. In contrast to previous reports, yurt, but not moesin, mutants phenocopy crb junctional defects. Moreover, while unaffected in crb mutants, cell perimeter increases in yurt mutant cells and decreases in the absence of moesin function. Our data suggest that Crb coordinates proper hexagonal packing and hair formation, by modulating junction integrity via Yurt and stabilizing cell perimeter via both Yurt and Moesin. The Drosophila pupal wing thus appears as a useful system to investigate the functional diversification of the Crb complex during morphogenesis, independently of its role in polarity.
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14
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Gómez-Escudero J, Moreno V, Martín-Alonso M, Hernández-Riquer MV, Feinberg T, Colmenar Á, Calvo E, Camafeita E, Martínez F, Oudhoff MJ, Weiss SJ, Arroyo AG. E-cadherin cleavage by MT2-MMP regulates apical junctional signaling and epithelial homeostasis in the intestine. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:4013-4027. [PMID: 29061881 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-based intercellular adhesions are essential players in epithelial homeostasis, but their dynamic regulation during tissue morphogenesis and remodeling remain largely undefined. Here, we characterize an unexpected role for the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase MT2-MMP in regulating epithelial cell quiescence. Following co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, the MT2-MMP cytosolic tail was found to interact with the zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) at the apical junctions of polarized epithelial cells. Functionally, MT2-MMP localizes in the apical domain of epithelial cells where it cleaves E-cadherin and promotes epithelial cell accumulation, a phenotype observed in 2D polarized cells as well as 3D cysts. MT2-MMP-mediated cleavage subsequently disrupts apical E-cadherin-mediated cell quiescence resulting in relaxed apical cortical tension favoring cell extrusion and re-sorting of Src kinase activity to junctional complexes, thereby promoting proliferation. Physiologically, MT2-MMP loss of function alters E-cadherin distribution, leading to impaired 3D organoid formation by mouse colonic epithelial cells ex vivo and reduction of cell proliferation within intestinal crypts in vivo Taken together, these studies identify an MT2-MMP-E-cadherin axis that functions as a novel regulator of epithelial cell homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez-Escudero
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Moreno
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Victoria Hernández-Riquer
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamar Feinberg
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ángel Colmenar
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Sustained α-catenin Activation at E-cadherin Junctions in the Absence of Mechanical Force. Biophys J 2017; 111:1044-52. [PMID: 27602732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction at E-cadherin junctions has been postulated to be mediated in part by a force-dependent conformational activation of α-catenin. Activation of α-catenin allows it to interact with vinculin in addition to F-actin, resulting in a strengthening of junctions. Here, using E-cadherin adhesions reconstituted on synthetic, nanopatterned membranes, we show that activation of α-catenin is dependent on E-cadherin clustering, and is sustained in the absence of mechanical force or association with F-actin or vinculin. Adhesions were formed by filopodia-mediated nucleation and micron-scale assembly of E-cadherin clusters, which could be distinguished as either peripheral or central assemblies depending on their relative location at the cell-bilayer adhesion. Whereas F-actin, vinculin, and phosphorylated myosin light chain associated only with the peripheral assemblies, activated α-catenin was present in both peripheral and central assemblies, and persisted in the central assemblies in the absence of actomyosin tension. Impeding filopodia-mediated nucleation and micron-scale assembly of E-cadherin adhesion complexes by confining the movement of bilayer-bound E-cadherin on nanopatterned substrates reduced the levels of activated α-catenin. Taken together, these results indicate that although the initial activation of α-catenin requires micron-scale clustering that may allow the development of mechanical forces, sustained force is not required for maintaining α-catenin in the active state.
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16
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Hunter MV, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Coordinating cell movements in vivo: junctional and cytoskeletal dynamics lead the way. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28622576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell movements drive embryonic development and tissue repair, and can cause disease. However, the mechanisms that coordinate the migration of groups of cells in vivo are unclear. Cells generate, transmit and sense mechanical forces to align their movements. Therefore, the machinery used by cells to generate force (cytoskeleton) and to transmit and sense mechanical signals (cell-cell adhesion) is critical for collective movement. Here, we review the components and organization of the cytoskeletal and cell-cell adhesive machineries, and how they are organized to promote collective cell movements in living animals. We discuss the signals that orchestrate molecular rearrangements necessary for coordinated cell motility, and we provide specific examples of movements both in the plane of the tissue (wound healing) and perpendicular to that plane (apical constriction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda V Hunter
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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17
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Biswas KH, Zaidel-Bar R. Early events in the assembly of E-cadherin adhesions. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:14-19. [PMID: 28237244 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a calcium dependent cell adhesion molecule that is key to the organization of cells in the epithelial tissue. It is a multidomain, trans-membrane protein in which the extracellular domain forms the homotypic, adhesive interaction while the intracellular domain interacts with the actin cytoskeleton through the catenin family of adaptor proteins. A number of recent studies have provided novel insights into the mechanism of adhesion formation by this class of adhesion proteins. Here, we describe an updated view of the process of E-cadherin adhesion formation with an emphasis on the role of molecular mobility, clustering, and active cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir H Biswas
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Salomon J, Gaston C, Magescas J, Duvauchelle B, Canioni D, Sengmanivong L, Mayeux A, Michaux G, Campeotto F, Lemale J, Viala J, Poirier F, Minc N, Schmitz J, Brousse N, Ladoux B, Goulet O, Delacour D. Contractile forces at tricellular contacts modulate epithelial organization and monolayer integrity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13998. [PMID: 28084299 PMCID: PMC5241865 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monolayered epithelia are composed of tight cell assemblies that ensure polarized exchanges. EpCAM, an unconventional epithelial-specific cell adhesion molecule, is assumed to modulate epithelial morphogenesis in animal models, but little is known regarding its cellular functions. Inspired by the characterization of cellular defects in a rare EpCAM-related human intestinal disease, we find that the absence of EpCAM in enterocytes results in an aberrant apical domain. In the course of this pathological state, apical translocation towards tricellular contacts (TCs) occurs with striking tight junction belt displacement. These unusual cell organization and intestinal tissue defects are driven by the loss of actomyosin network homoeostasis and contractile activity clustering at TCs, yet is reversed by myosin-II inhibitor treatment. This study reveals that adequate distribution of cortical tension is crucial for individual cell organization, but also for epithelial monolayer maintenance. Our data suggest that EpCAM modulation protects against epithelial dysplasia and stabilizes human tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Salomon
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, 75205 Paris, France.,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gaston
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Magescas
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Boris Duvauchelle
- Morphogenesis, Homoeostasis and Pathologies, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Danielle Canioni
- Department of Paediatric Anatomo-Pathology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Sengmanivong
- Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mayeux
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Campeotto
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie EA 4065, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julie Lemale
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pierre et Marie Curie University, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Viala
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR843, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Morphogenesis, Homoeostasis and Pathologies, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Cellular Spatial Organization, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Schmitz
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicole Brousse
- Department of Paediatric Anatomo-Pathology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, 75205 Paris, France.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Olivier Goulet
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, 75205 Paris, France
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19
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Liu L, Wang J, Duan S, Chen L, Xiang H, Dong Y, Wang W. Systematic evaluation of sericin protein as a substitute for fetal bovine serum in cell culture. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31516. [PMID: 27531556 PMCID: PMC4987615 DOI: 10.1038/srep31516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) shows obvious deficiencies in cell culture, such as low batch to batch consistency, adventitious biological contaminant risk, and high cost, which severely limit the development of the cell culture industry. Sericin protein derived from the silkworm cocoon has become increasingly popular due to its diverse and beneficial cell culture characteristics. However, systematic evaluation of sericin as a substitute for FBS in cell culture medium remains limited. In this study, we conducted cellular morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic evaluation on three widely used mammalian cells. Compared with cells cultured in the control, those cultured in sericin-substitute medium showed similar cellular morphology, similar or higher cellular overall survival, lower population doubling time (PDT), and a higher percentage of S-phase with similar G2/G1 ratio, indicating comparable or better cell growth and proliferation. At the transcriptomic level, differentially expressed genes between cells in the two media were mainly enriched in function and biological processes related to cell growth and proliferation, reflecting that genes were activated to facilitate cell growth and proliferation. The results of this study suggest that cells cultured in sericin-substituted medium perform as well as, or even better than, those cultured in FBS-containing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Shengchang Duan
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
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20
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Charrier LE, Loie E, Laprise P. Mouse Crumbs3 sustains epithelial tissue morphogenesis in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17699. [PMID: 26631503 PMCID: PMC4668553 DOI: 10.1038/srep17699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human apical protein CRB3 (Crb3 in mouse) organizes epithelial cell polarity. Loss of CRB3 expression increases the tumorogenic potential of cultured epithelial cells and favors metastasis formation in nude mice. These data emphasize the need of in vivo models to study CRB3 functions. Here, we report the phenotypic analysis of a novel Crb3 knockout mouse model. Crb3-deficient newborn mice show improper clearance of airways, suffer from respiratory distress and display perinatal lethality. Crb3 is also essential to maintain apical membrane identity in kidney epithelial cells. Numerous kidney cysts accompany these polarity defects. Impaired differentiation of the apical membrane is also observed in a subset of cells of the intestinal epithelium. This results in improper remodeling of adhesive contacts in the developing intestinal epithelium, thereby leading to villus fusion. We also noted a strong increase in cytoplasmic β-catenin levels in intestinal epithelial cells. β-catenin is a mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is overactivated in the majority of colon cancers. In addition to clarifying the physiologic roles of Crb3, our study highlights that further functional analysis of this protein is likely to provide insights into the etiology of diverse pathologies, including respiratory distress syndrome, polycystic kidney disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie E. Charrier
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie/Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRCHU de Québec-axe oncologie, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Loie
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie/Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRCHU de Québec-axe oncologie, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Laprise
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie/Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRCHU de Québec-axe oncologie, Québec, Canada
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21
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Rahman KM, Camp ME, Prasad N, McNeel AK, Levy SE, Bartol FF, Bagnell CA. Age and Nursing Affect the Neonatal Porcine Uterine Transcriptome. Biol Reprod 2015; 94:46. [PMID: 26632611 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.136150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lactocrine hypothesis for maternal programming of neonatal development was proposed to describe a mechanism through which milk-borne bioactive factors, delivered from mother to nursing offspring, could affect development of tissues, including the uterus. Porcine uterine development, initiated before birth, is completed postnatally. However, age- and lactocrine-sensitive elements of the neonatal porcine uterine developmental program are undefined. Here, effects of age and nursing on the uterine transcriptome for 48 h from birth (Postnatal Day [PND] = 0) were identified using RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Uterine tissues were obtained from neonatal gilts (n = 4 per group) within 1 h of birth and before feeding (PND 0), or 48 h after nursing ad libitum (PND 2N) or feeding a commercial milk replacer (PND 2R). RNAseq analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with both age (PND 2N vs. PND 0; 3283 DEGs) and nursing on PND 2 (PND 2N vs PND 2R; 896 DEGs). Expression of selected uterine genes was validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatic analyses revealed multiple biological processes enriched in response to both age and nursing, including cell adhesion, morphogenesis, and cell-cell signaling. Age-sensitive pathways also included estrogen receptor-alpha and hedgehog signaling cascades. Lactocrine-sensitive processes in nursed gilts included those involved in response to wounding, the plasminogen activator network and coagulation. Overall, RNAseq analysis revealed comprehensive age- and nursing-related transcriptomic differences in the neonatal porcine uterus and identified novel pathways and biological processes regulating uterine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Rahman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Clay Center, Nebraska Department of Animal Sciences, Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Meredith E Camp
- Department of Animal Sciences, Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Anthony K McNeel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Clay Center, Nebraska
| | - Shawn E Levy
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Frank F Bartol
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Carol A Bagnell
- Department of Animal Sciences, Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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22
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Wu SK, Lagendijk AK, Hogan BM, Gomez GA, Yap AS. Active contractility at E-cadherin junctions and its implications for cell extrusion in cancer. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:315-22. [PMID: 25590779 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.989127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular contractility regulates tissue cohesion and morphogenesis. In epithelia, E-cadherin adhesion couples the contractile cortices of neighboring cells together to produce tension at junctions that can be transmitted across the epithelium in a planar fashion. We have recently demonstrated that contractility is also patterned in the apical-lateral axis within epithelial junctions. Our findings highlight the role that cytoskeletal regulation plays in controlling the levels of intra-junctional tension. Of note, dysregulation of this apicolateral pattern of tension can drive oncogenic cell extrusion. In this article, we provide a detailed description of the actomyosin cytoskeleton organization during oncogenic extrusion and discuss the implications of cell extrusion in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwin K Wu
- a Divisions of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine ; The University of Queensland ; St. Lucia , Brisbane , Australia
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23
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Abstract
Desmosomes represent adhesive, spot-like intercellular junctions that in association with intermediate filaments mechanically link neighboring cells and stabilize tissue architecture. In addition to this structural function, desmosomes also act as signaling platforms involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. Thus, deregulation of desmosomal proteins has to be considered to contribute to tumorigenesis. Proteolytic fragmentation and downregulation of desmosomal cadherins and plaque proteins by transcriptional or epigenetic mechanisms were observed in different cancer entities suggesting a tumor-suppressive role. However, discrepant data in the literature indicate that context-dependent differences based on alternative intracellular, signal transduction lead to altered outcome. Here, modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by plakoglobin or desmoplakin and of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling appears to be of special relevance. This review summarizes current evidence on how desmosomal proteins participate in carcinogenesis, and depicts the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Huber
- a Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena , Germany.,b Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital , Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena , Germany
| | - Iver Petersen
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena , Germany
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24
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de Beco S, Perney JB, Coscoy S, Amblard F. Mechanosensitive Adaptation of E-Cadherin Turnover across adherens Junctions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128281. [PMID: 26046627 PMCID: PMC4457789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the natural and technological world, multi-agent systems strongly depend on how the interactions are ruled between their individual components, and the proper control of time-scales and synchronization is a key issue. This certainly applies to living tissues when multicellular assemblies such as epithelial cells achieve complex morphogenetic processes. In epithelia, because cells are known to individually generate actomyosin contractile stress, each individual intercellular adhesive junction line is subjected to the opposed stresses independently generated by its two partner cells. Contact lines should thus move unless their two partner cells mechanically match. The geometric homeostasis of mature epithelia observed at short enough time-scale thus raises the problem to understand how cells, if considered as noisy individual actuators, do adapt across individual intercellular contacts to locally balance their time-average contractile stress. Structural components of adherens junctions, cytoskeleton (F-actin) and homophilic bonds (E-cadherin) are quickly renewed at steady-state. These turnovers, if they depend on forces exerted at contacts, may play a key role in the mechanical adaptation of epithelia. Here we focus on E-cadherin as a force transducer, and we study the local regulation and the mechanosensitivity of its turnover in junctions. We show that E-cadherin turnover rates match remarkably well on either side of mature intercellular contacts, despite the fact that they exhibit large fluctuations in time and variations from one junction to another. Using local mechanical and biochemical perturbations, we find faster turnover rates with increased tension, and asymmetric rates at unbalanced junctions. Together, the observations that E-cadherin turnover, and its local symmetry or asymmetry at each side of the junction, are mechanosensitive, support the hypothesis that E-cadherin turnover could be involved in mechanical homeostasis of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon de Beco
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Perney
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Coscoy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Amblard
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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25
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Caldwell BJ, Lucas C, Kee AJ, Gaus K, Gunning PW, Hardeman EC, Yap AS, Gomez GA. Tropomyosin isoforms support actomyosin biogenesis to generate contractile tension at the epithelial zonula adherens. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 71:663-76. [PMID: 25545457 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells generate contractile forces at their cell-cell contacts. These are concentrated at the specialized apical junction of the zonula adherens (ZA), where a ring of stabilized E-cadherin lies adjacent to prominent actomyosin bundles. Coupling of adhesion and actomyosin contractility yields tension in the junction. The biogenesis of junctional contractility requires actin assembly at the ZA as well as the recruitment of nonmuscle myosin II, but the molecular regulators of these processes are not yet fully understood. We now report a role for tropomyosins 5NM1 (Tm5NM1) and 5NM2 (Tm5NM2) in their generation. Both these tropomyosin isoforms were found at the ZA and their depletion by RNAi or pharmacological inhibition reduced both F-actin and myosin II content at the junction. Photoactivation analysis revealed that the loss of F-actin was attributable to a decrease in filament stability. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in E-cadherin content at junctions. Ultimately, both long-term depletion of Tm5NM1/2 and acute inhibition with drugs caused junctional tension to be reduced. Thus these tropomyosin isoforms are novel contributors to junctional contractility and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Caldwell
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Wu SK, Budnar S, Yap AS, Gomez GA. Pulsatile contractility of actomyosin networks organizes the cellular cortex at lateral cadherin junctions. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:396-404. [PMID: 25269995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical properties of cells reflect how the structure and dynamics of the actomyosin cortex are coupled to the plasma membrane. In epithelia, adhesive E-cadherin clusters associate with the cell cortex to assemble the junctional actomyosin that participates in epithelial morphogenesis. E-cadherin is present not only at the apical zonula adherens (ZA), but also distributed throughout the lateral adherens junction (LAJ) below the ZA. However, the organizational dynamics of the actomyosin network at the LAJs remains elusive. To address this, we used quantitative real-time imaging to characterize the dynamics of actomyosin contractility at lateral cadherin contacts. Here, we report that contractility is coordinated into smaller actomyosin rings that link cadherin clusters together within the larger cortical network at the lateral junctions. We conclude that Myosin II activity determines the contractility of actomyosin cables between cadherin clusters to propagate pulsatility across lateral cell-cell contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwin K Wu
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 306 Carmody Rd, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 306 Carmody Rd, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 306 Carmody Rd, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 306 Carmody Rd, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
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27
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Cortical F-actin stabilization generates apical-lateral patterns of junctional contractility that integrate cells into epithelia. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:167-78. [PMID: 24413434 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin cell-cell junctions couple the contractile cortices of epithelial cells together, generating tension within junctions that influences tissue organization. Although junctional tension is commonly studied at the apical zonula adherens, we now report that E-cadherin adhesions induce the contractile actomyosin cortex throughout the apical-lateral axis of junctions. However, cells establish distinct regions of contractile activity even within individual contacts, producing high tension at the zonula adherens but substantially lower tension elsewhere. We demonstrate that N-WASP (also known as WASL) enhances apical junctional tension by stabilizing local F-actin networks, which otherwise undergo stress-induced turnover. Further, we find that cells are extruded from monolayers when this pattern of intra-junctional contractility is disturbed, either when N-WASP redistributes into lateral junctions in H-Ras(V12)-expressing cells or on mosaic redistribution of active N-WASP itself. We propose that local control of actin filament stability regulates the landscape of intra-junctional contractility to determine whether or not cells integrate into epithelial populations.
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