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Huganbuzure Granule Attenuates Concanavalin-A-Induced Immune Liver Injury in Mice via Regulating the Balance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Cells and Inhibiting Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5578021. [PMID: 34539800 PMCID: PMC8443346 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5578021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Uygur medicine, Huganbuzure granule (HBG) is one of the classical prescriptions for liver protection. However, its role in immune liver injury remains unknown. This study evaluates the effect of HBG on concanavalin-A- (ConA-) induced immune liver injury and investigates its protective underlying mechanism. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 24 mice per group): control, ConA, 1.6 g/kg HBG + ConA, 3.2 g/kg HBG + ConA, and 6 mg/kg prednisolone + ConA. HBG was intragastrically administrated once daily for ten consecutive days, prior to ConA (20 mg/kg) injection. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in mouse serum were measured after ConA injection. Moreover, liver-related mRNA levels were evaluated by qPCR. The detection of liver-related proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Compared with the ConA group, HBG reduced the mRNA expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ and the protein expression of T-bet and ROR-γt. In addition, HBG increased the mRNA expression of IL-4 and TGF-β and protein expression of GATA3 and Foxp3, indicating that HBG regulated the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg. Furthermore, HBG alleviated immune liver injury by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and decreasing the expression of p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, p-JAK1, p-STAT1, p-STAT3, and IRF1. Our data suggested that HBG attenuated ConA-induced immune liver injury by regulating the immune balance and inhibiting JAK1/STATs/IRF1 signaling, thereby reducing apoptosis induced by JNK activation. The findings indicate that HBG may be a promising drug for immune liver injury.
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Juknevičienė M, Balnytė I, Valančiūtė A, Lesauskaitė V, Stanevičiūtė J, Curkūnavičiūtė R, Stakišaitis D. Valproic Acid Inhibits NA-K-2CL Cotransporter RNA Expression in Male But Not in Female Rat Thymocytes. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819852444. [PMID: 31210756 PMCID: PMC6545653 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819852444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The NKCC1 is a recognized tumorigenesis marker as it is important for tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor progression. The study aim was to investigate the effect of sodium valproate (VPA) on thymus NKCC1 RNA expression. Material and Methods Wistar rats, age 4 to 5 weeks, were investigated in the control and VPA-treated male and female gonad-intact and castrated groups. The treatment duration with VPA 300 mg/kg/d was 4 weeks. Rat thymus was weighted; its lobe was taken for the expression of NKCC1 RNA determined by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Results The RNA expression of the Slc12a2 gene was found to be significantly higher in the gonad-intact male control compared with the gonad-intact female control (P = .04). There was a gender-related VPA treatment effect on NKCC1 RNA expression in thymus: The Slc12a2 gene RNA expression level was found to be decreased in VPA-treated gonad-intact males (P = .015), and no significant VPA effects were found in the castrated males and in the gonad-intact and castrated females compared with the respective controls (P > .05). Conclusions The study showed a gender-related difference in the NKCC1 RNA expression in rat thymus. The VPA decreases the NKCC1 expression in the thymus only in gonad-intact male rats. The NKCC1 RNA expression downregulation by VPA could be important for further VPA pharmacological studies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Juknevičienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaitė
- Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurate Stanevičiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Curkūnavičiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Stakišaitis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Valvassori SS, Gava FF, Dal-Pont GC, Simões HL, Damiani-Neves M, Andersen ML, Boeck CR, Quevedo J. Effects of lithium and valproate on ERK/JNK signaling pathway in an animal model of mania induced by amphetamine. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01541. [PMID: 31193305 PMCID: PMC6525279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder, characterized by recurrent mood episodes of depression and mania. Some studies have indicated that there are ERK and JNK pathways alterations in the brain from bipolar patients. The animal model of mania induced by dextroamphetamine (d-AMPH) has been considered an excellent model to study intracellular alterations related to BD. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of lithium (Li) and valproate (VPA) on the behavioral and ERK1/2/JNK1/2 signaling pathway in an animal model of mania induced by d-AMPH. Wistar rats were first given d-AMPH or saline (Sal) for 14 days, and then, between the 8th and 14th days, the rats were treated with Li, VPA, or Sal. The open-field test was used to evaluate the locomotion and exploration behaviors of rats. The levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 were assessed in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the rats. Li and VPA reversed the increased of locomotion and exploration induced by d-AMPH. The treatment with VPA or AMPH per se decreased the levels of pERK1 in the hippocampus. The treatment with VPA in the animals submitted to the administration of d-AMPH decreased the levels of ERK1, JNK-1, and JNK-2 phosphorylated in the hippocampus of the animals. The treatment with Li decreased the JNK-1 phosphorylated in the hippocampus of the animals submitted to the animal model of mania induced by d-AMPH. Although the association of VPA plus amphetamine alters some proteins involved in the JNK pathway in the hippocampus, these alterations were very random and seemed that were not related to the d-AMPH-induced manic-like behavior. These results suggest that the manic-like effects induced by d-AMPH and the antimanic effects of mood stabilizers, Li and VPA, are not related to the alteration on ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Henio Leonardo Simões
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcela Damiani-Neves
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Master's Degree in Health and Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Sui HH, Zhou YJ, Wang H, Li L, Cao M, Huang JJ. Effects of sulindac sulfide on proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7981-7986. [PMID: 29849803 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to observe the effects of sulindac sulfide on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells MCF-7, and to explore the potential underlying molecular mechanism. The inhibitory ratio was detected using a cell counting kit-8 assay. The changes in cell cycle distribution were assessed using flow cytometry (FCM). Furthermore, the changes in cell apoptosis rates were detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and FCM coupled with Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining. In addition, the protein expression was detected using western blotting. Sulindac sulfide was able to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, sulindac sulfide altered the cell cycle of breast cancer cells. The results of Hoechst 33258 staining and FCM coupled with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining demonstrated that sulindac sulfide could significantly induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent, and time-dependent manner. The western blot analysis demonstrated the protein expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated, and Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated. The results of the present study suggest that sulindac sulfide can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Huan Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying mood stabilizer treatments in bipolar disorder: Potential involvement of epigenetics. Neurosci Lett 2018; 669:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Um S, Lee H, Zhang Q, Kim HY, Lee JH, Seo BM. Valproic Acid Modulates the Multipotency in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via p53-Mediated Cell Cycle. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:153-162. [PMID: 30603472 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), a type of mesenchymal stem cell, are a promising source for dental regeneration and are identified in human periodontal ligaments from extracted third molars. Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has been used as a wide-spectrum antiepileptic drug and a medication for mood disorders. VPA has shown several effects on increasing the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and controlling osteogenic differentiation, besides the prevention of seizures. However, its effect on proliferation and osteogenesis depends on the cell type and concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cyclic and constant VPA treatment on PDLSCs. Proliferation and apoptosis of PDLSCs were determined with cyclic and constant VPA treatment. In cemento/osteogenic differentiation, osteogenic markers decreased significantly after cyclic treatment with 0.5 mM VPA. In contrast, VPA enhanced osteogenic differentiation after constant treatment. With cyclic VPA treatment, p53 levels related to apoptotic pathway decreased to induce proliferation. These findings indicated that VPA has different roles in proliferation and differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro and in vivo via p53-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Um
- 1Department of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 5Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061 Korea
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- 3Department of Temporomandibular Joint Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182 China
| | - Hui Young Kim
- 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 5Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Lee
- 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 5Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Byoung Moo Seo
- 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 5Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
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Hrgovic I, Doll M, Pinter A, Kaufmann R, Kippenberger S, Meissner M. Histone deacetylase inhibitors interfere with angiogenesis by decreasing endothelial VEGFR-2 protein half-life in part via a VE-cadherin-dependent mechanism. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:194-201. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Hrgovic
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Monika Doll
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Andreas Pinter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Markus Meissner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; Frankfurt/Main Germany
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Houtepen LC, van Bergen AH, Vinkers CH, Boks MPM. DNA methylation signatures of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in bipolar disorder. Epigenomics 2016; 8:197-208. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In view of the potential effects of psychiatric drugs on DNA methylation, we investigated whether medication use in bipolar disorder is associated with DNA methylation signatures. Experimental procedures: Blood-based DNA methylation patterns of six frequently used psychotropic drugs (lithium, quetiapine, olanzapine, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and valproic acid) were examined in 172 bipolar disorder patients. After adjustment for cell type composition, we investigated gene networks, principal components, hypothesis-driven genes and epigenome-wide individual loci. Results: Valproic acid and quetiapine were significantly associated with altered methylation signatures after adjustment for drug-related changes on celltype composition. Conclusion: Psychiatric drugs influence DNA methylation patterns over and above cell type composition in bipolar disorder. Drug-related changes in DNA methylation are therefore not only an important confounder in psychiatric epigenetics but may also inform on the biological mechanisms underlying drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte C Houtepen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annet H van Bergen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco PM Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Valančiūtė A, Mozuraitė R, Balnytė I, Didžiapetrienė J, Matusevičius P, Stakišaitis D. Sodium valproate effect on the structure of rat glandule thymus: Gender-related differences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:399-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Sodium valproate ameliorates diabetes-induced fibrosis and renal damage by the inhibition of histone deacetylases in diabetic rat. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:230-9. [PMID: 25576297 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports emphasize the contribution of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the pathogenesis of diabetic renal injury and fibrosis. Valproic acid (VPA) is a first-line drug used for the treatment of epilepsy and migraine as well as established as a HDAC inhibitor. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic and renoprotective effects of VPA in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced by single injection of STZ (50mg/kg), whereas VPA at the doses of 150 and 300mg/kg/day was administered for 8 consecutive weeks by oral route in Sprague Dawley rats. The renal injuries and fibrosis were assessed by histology, fibrosis specific staining and fibroblast activation by a transmission electron microscope, while expression of proteins of interest was evaluated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. VPA treatment ameliorated the histological alterations as well as fibrosis, and decreased the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, COX-2, ICAM-1 and HDAC4/5/7. Further, VPA treatment significantly increased histone H3 acetylation and MMP-2 expression. The present study clearly established that VPA treatment ameliorates the renal injury and fibrosis in diabetic kidney by preventing the myofibroblast activation and fibrogenesis by HDAC inhibition and associated mechanisms, thereby improving the profibrotic and anti-fibrotic protein balance.
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Valproic acid: an anticonvulsant drug with potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:575-87. [PMID: 23584602 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VA) is a major antiepileptic drug, used for several therapeutic indications. It has a wide activity spectrum, reflecting on mechanisms of action that are not fully understood. The objectives of this work were to study the effects of VA on acute models of nociception and inflammation in rodents. VA (0.5, 1, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) effects were evaluated on the carrageenan-induced paw edema, carrageenan-induced peritonitis, and plantar tests in rats, as well as by the formalin test in mice. The HE staining and immunohistochemistry assay for TNF-α in carrageenan-induced edema, from paws of untreated and VA-treated rats, were also carried out. VA decreased paw edema after carrageenan, and maximum effects were seen with doses equal to or higher than 10 mg/kg. VA also preserved the tissue architecture as assessed by the HE staining. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that VA significantly reduced TNF-α immunostaining in carrageenan-inflamed rat paws. In addition, the anti-inflammatory action of VA was potentiated by pentoxifylline (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, known to inhibit TNF-α production), but not by sodium butyrate or by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), nonspecific and specific inhibitors, respectively, of histone deacetylase. However, the decrease in the number of positive TNF-α cells in the rat paw was drastically potentiated in the VA + SAHA associated group. VA also reduced leukocytes and myeloperoxidase (MPO) releases to the peritoneal exudate, in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Although in the formalin test, VA inhibited both phases, the inhibition was mainly on the second phase. Furthermore, VA significantly increased the reaction time to thermal stimuli, as assessed by the plantar test. VA is a multi-target drug, presenting potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties at a lower dose range. These effects are partly dependent upon its inhibitory action on TNF-α-related pathways. However, the participation of the HDAC inhibition with the VA anti-inflammatory action cannot be ruled out. Inflammatory processes are associated with free radical damage and oxidative stress, and their blockade by VA could also explain the present results.
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Sato T, Kotake D, Hiratsuka M, Hirasawa N. Enhancement of inflammatory protein expression and nuclear factor Κb (NF-Κb) activity by trichostatin A (TSA) in OP9 preadipocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59702. [PMID: 23555753 PMCID: PMC3608581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) by preadipocytes and mature adipocytes is closely associated with the impairment of systemic glucose homeostasis. However, precisely how the production is regulated and the roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs) remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to establish whether HDAC inhibitors affect the expression of inflammatory proteins in pre/mature adipocytes, and, if so, to determine the mechanism involved. Trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of IL-6 in OP9 preadipocytes but not the mature adipocytes. Moreover, TSA also enhanced palmitic acid-induced IL-6 production and the expression of inflammatory genes induced by LPS in preadipocytes. Although TSA did not affect TLR4 mRNA expression or the activation of MAPKs, a reporter gene assay revealed that the LPS-induced increase in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity was enhanced by TSA. Moreover, TSA increased the level of NF-κB p65 acetylation at lysine 310 and duration of its translocation into the nucleus, which leads to enhancement of NF-κB activity and subsequently expression of inflammatory genes. These findings shed new light on the regulatory roles of HDACs in preadipocytes in the production of inflammatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Sato
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kotake
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Zhu JS, Ouyang DY, Shi ZJ, Xu LH, Zhang YT, He XH. Cucurbitacin B induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy associated with G actin reduction and persistent activation of cofilin in Jurkat cells. Pharmacology 2012; 89:348-6. [PMID: 22699368 DOI: 10.1159/000338757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to explore the antitumor effect and action mechanism of cucurbitacin B (CuB) on human T-cell leukemia Jurkat cells. METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by the MTS assay. Cell cycle distribution, mitochondrial membrane potential and annexin V staining were analyzed using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine the levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins. RESULTS CuB inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced G 2 /M phase arrest as well as formation of tetraploid cells. Accompanied with these effects, the actin dynamics was disrupted, and cofilin, a key regulator of actin dynamics, was persistently activated (dephosphorylated). Although CuB induced around 10% cells undergoing apoptosis, most of the cells were alive after CuB treatment for 24 h. Induction of autophagy was also evident by accumulation of LC3-II. CuB-induced autophagy seemed to be a prosurvival response, since suppression of CuB-induced autophagy significantly increased the activation of caspase-3. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that CuB exhibited antitumor activity in Jurkat cells through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis which was at least partly due to the disruption of actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Shan Zhu
- Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Berendsen S, Broekman M, Seute T, Snijders T, van Es C, de Vos F, Regli L, Robe P. Valproic acid for the treatment of malignant gliomas: review of the preclinical rationale and published clinical results. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1391-415. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.694425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Robe
- UMC Utrecht,
Utrecht, Netherlands
- University of Liège,
Liège, Belgium
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Bitman M, Vrzal R, Dvorak Z, Pavek P. Valproate activates ERK signaling pathway in primary human hepatocytes. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 158:39-43. [PMID: 23073524 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely-used anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing agent. VPA is also known to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) affecting the expression of numerous genes. METHODS In the present study, we examined the effect of VPA on the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK, p42/p44) pathway (Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK) belonging to the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways in primary human hepatocytes. In the liver, the pathway is associated with progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS We found that VPA in a therapeutically relevant concentration (500 µM) activates the ERK pathway, as indicated by increased ERK Thr202/Tyr204 phosphorylation. Interestingly, a prototype HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A, also activated ERK phosphorylation in primary human hepatocytes. These data suggest that HDAC inhibition might be the primary stimulus for ERK pathway activation in primary human hepatocytes. Notably, U0126, a MEK1 inhibitor, was ineffective in inhibiting ERK pathway activation, likely due to its metabolic deactivation in metabolically competent primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSION We conclude that VPA activates the ERK pathway in primary human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bitman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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