De novo reciprocal translocation t(5;11)(q22;p15) associated with hydrops fetalis (reciprocal translocation and hydrops fetalis)

Chromosomal abnormalities associated with fetal pleural effusion (II): Specific and non-specific chromosome aberrations

Fetal pleural effusion has been reported to be associated with chromosomal abnormalities, genetic syndromes, obstructive uropathy, lymphatic vessel abnormalities such as Noonan syndrome, RASopathy and congenital lymphatic anomalies, thoracic cavity defects, Rh or ABO incompatibility, non-immune hydrops fetalis, infections, congenital cardiac anomalies, metabolic diseases and hematologic diseases such as α-thalassemia. This review provides a comprehensive view of specific and non-specific chromosome aberrations associated with fetal pleural effusion which is useful for genetic counseling and fetal therapy at prenatal diagnosis of fetal pleural effusion.

10p15.3p13 duplication inherited from paternal balance translocation (46,XY,t(5;10)(q35.1;p13)) identified on non-invasive prenatal testing

Balanced reciprocal translocations are relatively common human genetic abnormalities that involve the exchange of the terminal segments between different chromosomes and have an approximately 5-80% chance of generating an embryo with chromosomal abnormalities. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been increasingly used in clinical practice to detect fetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13 with a sensitivity and specificity of up to 99%. In this report, we describe a duplication on chromosome 10 and a deletion on chromosome 5 that were first detected on NIPT. Multiple follow-up invasive tests, such as prenatal BACs-on-Beads (BoBs), GTG banding and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, confirmed the NIPT results. Furthermore, GTG banding identified a normal maternal karyotype and a paternal karyotype with a balanced translocation of 46, XY, t(5;10)(q35.1;p13), inherited by the child. Therefore, NIPT could be a new method for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, which, in the present study, were confirmed on multiple clinical and molecular methods as being derived from paternal balanced chromosomal rearrangements.

Relationship Between P15 Gene Mutation and Formation and Metastasis of Malignant Osteosarcoma

Background

As a type of primary malignant bone tumor, osteosarcoma has high incidence and poor prognosis, and is predisposed for pulmonary metastasis. The abnormal expression of P15 gene directly participates in the invasion of various cancers. Therefore, this study investigated the gene mutation of P15 in both primary lesion and pulmonary metastasis lesion of osteosarcoma in a rat model, in an attempt to elucidate the value of P15 gene as a biological marker.

Material/Methods

A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Model rats had injection of osteosarcoma UMR-106 cells (5×10⁶) inoculated underneath the right forelimb skin, while control rats received saline injection instead. Six rats were sacrificed after 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of the inoculation. Tissue samples from inoculation sites and lungs were extracted for measuring the tumor size. SP immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect the positive expression rate, while P15 gene mutation was detected by PCR method.

Results

With the elongation of inoculation time, tumor size was significantly increased (p<0.05). The positive expression rates in both primary and pulmonary metastasis lesions were also significantly elevated (p<0.05). The occurrence rate of P15 gene mutation in model rats was significantly elevated and showed a correlation with the tumor formation (r=0.998, p<0.05).

Conclusions

The P15 gene mutation was significantly correlated with osteosarcoma formation and metastasis towards the pulmonary tissue, suggesting its potency as a novel biological marker for early diagnosis of osteosarcoma.