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Corea N, Corvaro M, Kluxen FM, Grivel A, Morgan N, Wiemann C, Basketter D. Assessing the risk of induction of skin sensitization to plant protection products: A quantitative approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 141:105408. [PMID: 37207870 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to skin sensitizers is common and regulated in many industry sectors. For cosmetics, a risk-based approach has been implemented, focused on preventing the induction of sensitization. First, a No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESIL) is derived, then modified by Sensitization Assessment Factors (SAFs) to derive an Acceptable Exposure Level (AEL). The AEL is used in risk assessment, being compared with an estimated exposure dose, specific to the exposure scenario. Since in Europe there is increased concern regarding exposure towards potentially sensitizing pesticides via spray drift, we explore how existing practice can be modified to allow Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) of pesticides for bystanders and residents. NESIL derivation by the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA), the globally required in vivo assay for this endpoint, is reviewed alongside consideration of appropriate SAFs. Using a case study, the principle that the NESIL in μg/cm2 can be derived by multiplying LLNA EC3% figure by a factor of 250 is adopted. The NESIL is then reduced by an overall SAF of 25 to establish an exposure level below which there is minimal bystander and resident risk. Whilst this paper focuses on European risk assessment and management, the approach is generic and universally applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namali Corea
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | | | - Felix M Kluxen
- ADAMA Deutschland GmbH, Edmund-Rumpler-Str. 6, 51149, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Neil Morgan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | | | - David Basketter
- DABMEB Consultancy Ltd, Kingswood, Gloucestershire, GL12 8RN, UK.
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2
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Liu F, Hutchinson RW. Semiquantitative sensitization safety assessment of extractable and leachables associated with parenteral pharmaceutical products. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 138:105335. [PMID: 36608924 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extractable and leachables (E&Ls) associated with parenteral pharmaceutical products should be assessed for patient safety. One essential safety endpoint is local or systemic sensitization. However, there are no regulatory guidelines for quantitative sensitization safety assessment of E&Ls. A semiquantitative sensitization safety assessment workflow is developed to refine the sensitization safety assessment of E&Ls associated with parenteral pharmaceutical products. The workflow is composed of two sequential steps: local skin sensitization and systemic sensitization safety assessment. The local skin sensitization step has four tiers. The output from this step is the acceptable exposure level for local sensitization (AELls) and this safety threshold can be used for local sensitization safety assessment. From the derived AELls, the systemic sensitization safety assessment at step 2 proceeds in 2 tiers. The output from this workflow is the derivation of acceptable exposure level for systemic sensitization (AELss). When the estimated human daily exposure (HDE) is compared with the AELss, the margin of exposure is calculated to determine the sensitization safety of E&Ls following parenteral administration. The current work represents an initial effort to develop a scientifically robust process for sensitization safety assessment of E&Ls associated with parenteral pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Liu
- The Estée Lauder Companies, 155 Pinelawn Rd, Melville, NY, USA.
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3
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Parris P, Whelan G, Burild A, Whritenour J, Bruen U, Bercu J, Callis C, Graham J, Johann E, Griffin T, Kohan M, Martin EA, Masuda-Herrera M, Stanard B, Tien E, Cruz M, Nagao L. Framework for sensitization assessment of extractables and leachables in pharmaceuticals. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:125-138. [PMID: 35703156 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2065966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During the toxicological assessment of extractables and leachables in drug products, localized hazards such as irritation or sensitization may be identified. Typically, because of the low concentration at which leachables occur in pharmaceuticals, irritation is of minimal concern; therefore, this manuscript focuses on sensitization potential. The primary objective of performing a leachable sensitization assessment is protection against Type IV induction of sensitization, rather than prevention of an elicitation response, as it is not possible to account for the immunological state of every individual. Sensitizers have a wide range of potencies and those which induce sensitization upon exposure at a low concentration (i.e. strong, or extreme sensitizers) pose the highest risk to patients and should be the focus of the risk assessment. The Extractables and Leachables Safety Information Exchange (ELSIE) consortium has reviewed the status of dermal, respiratory, and systemic risk assessment in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, and proposes a framework to evaluate the safety of known or potential dermal sensitizers in pharmaceuticals. Due to the lack of specific regulatory guidance on this topic, the science-driven risk-based approach proposed by ELSIE encourages consistency in the toxicological assessment of extractables and leachables to maintain high product quality and ensure patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Parris
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Kent, UK
| | | | - Anders Burild
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Safety Sciences, Imaging and Data Management, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Uma Bruen
- Organon USA Inc., Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Joel Bercu
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Callis
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Troy Griffin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Martin Kohan
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Maureen Cruz
- Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lee Nagao
- Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Washington, DC, USA
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4
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Chilton ML, Api AM, Foster RS, Gerberick GF, Lavelle M, Macmillan DS, Na M, O'Brien D, O'Leary-Steele C, Patel M, Ponting DJ, Roberts DW, Safford RJ, Tennant RE. Updating the Dermal Sensitisation Thresholds using an expanded dataset and an in silico expert system. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 133:105200. [PMID: 35662638 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Dermal Sensitisation Thresholds (DST) are Thresholds of Toxicological Concern, which can be used to justify exposure-based waiving when conducting a skin sensitisation risk assessment. This study aimed to update the published DST values by expanding the size of the Local Lymph Node Assay dataset upon which they are based, whilst assigning chemical reactivity using an in silico expert system (Derek Nexus). The potency values within the expanded dataset fitted a similar gamma distribution to that observed for the original dataset. Derek Nexus was used to classify the sensitisation activity of the 1152 chemicals in the expanded dataset and to predict which chemicals belonged to a High Potency Category (HPC). This two-step classification led to three updated thresholds: a non-reactive DST of 710 μg/cm2 (based on 79 sensitisers), a reactive (non-HPC) DST of 73 μg/cm2 (based on 331 sensitisers) and an HPC DST of 1.0 μg/cm2 (based on 146 sensitisers). Despite the dataset containing twice as many sensitisers, these values are similar to the previously published thresholds, highlighting their robustness and increasing confidence in their use. By classifying reactivity in silico the updated DSTs can be applied within a skin sensitisation risk assessment in a reproducible, scalable and accessible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK.
| | - Anne Marie Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Robert S Foster
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | | | - Maura Lavelle
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Donna S Macmillan
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Mihwa Na
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Devin O'Brien
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | | | - Mukesh Patel
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - David J Ponting
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - David W Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Robert J Safford
- B-Safe Toxicology Consulting, 31 Hayway, Rushden, Northants, NN10 6AG, UK
| | - Rachael E Tennant
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
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5
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RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, nopol, CAS Registry Number 128-50-7. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163 Suppl 1:112925. [PMID: 35306108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nishijo T, Api AM, Gerberick GF, Miyazawa M, Na M, Sakaguchi H. Implementation of a dermal sensitization threshold (DST) concept for risk assessment: structure-based DST and in vitro data-based DST. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:51-65. [PMID: 35416118 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2033162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Skin sensitization resulting in allergic contact dermatitis represents an important toxicological endpoint as part of safety assessments. When available substance-specific sensitization data are inadequate, the dermal sensitization threshold (DST) concept has been proposed to set a skin exposure threshold to provide no appreciable risk of skin sensitization. Structure-based DSTs, which include non-reactive, reactive, and high potency category (HPC) DSTs, can be applied to substances with an identified chemical structures. An in vitro data-based "mixture DST" can be applied to mixtures based on data from in vitro test methods, such as KeratinoSens™ and the human Cell Line Activation Test. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the practical use of DSTs for conducting sound sensitization risk assessments to assure the safety of consumer products. To this end, several improvements are discussed in this review. For application of structure-based DSTs, an overall structural classification workflow was developed to exclude the possibility that "HPC but non-reactive" chemicals are misclassified as "non-reactive", because such chemicals should be classified as HPC chemicals considering that HPC rules have been based on the chemical structure of high potency sensitizers. Besides that, an extended application of the mixture DST principle to mixtures that either is cytotoxic or evaluated as positive was proposed. On a final note, we also developed workflows that integrate structure-based and in vitro-based mixture DST. The proposed workflows enable the application of the appropriate DST, which serves as a point of departure in the quantitative sensitization risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Nishijo
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Anne Marie Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | | | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mihwa Na
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Hitoshi Sakaguchi
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Reliable human potency data are necessary for conducting quantitative risk assessments, as well as development and validation of new nonanimal methods for skin sensitization assessments. Previously, human skin sensitization potency of fragrance materials was derived primarily from human data or the local lymph node assay.
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8
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Benchmarking performance of SENS-IS assay against weight of evidence skin sensitization potency categories. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 130:105128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Lee I, Na M, Lavelle M, Api AM. Derivation of the no expected sensitization induction level for dermal quantitative risk assessment of fragrance ingredients using a weight of evidence approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112705. [PMID: 34838676 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Some fragrance ingredients may have the potential to induce skin sensitization in humans but can still be safely formulated into consumer products. Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for dermal sensitization is required to determine safe levels at which potential skin sensitizers can be incorporated into consumer products. The no expected sensitization induction level or NESIL is the point of departure for the dermal QRA. Sensitization assessment factors are applied to the NESIL to determine acceptable exposure levels at which no skin sensitization induction would be expected in the general population. This paper details the key steps involved in deriving a weight of evidence (WoE) NESIL for a given fragrance ingredient using all existing data, including in vivo, in vitro, and in silico. Read-across can be used to derive a NESIL for a group of structurally similar materials when data are insufficient. When sufficient target and read-across data are lacking, exposure waiving threshold (the DST) may be used. We outline the process as it currently stands at the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials Inc. (RIFM) and provide examples, but it is dynamic and is bound to change with evolving science as new approach methodologies (NAMs) are actively incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lee
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM), 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
| | - Mihwa Na
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM), 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - Maura Lavelle
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM), 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - Anne Marie Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM), 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
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10
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Rodrigues Neves C, Gibbs S. Progress on Reconstructed Human Skin Models for Allergy Research and Identifying Contact Sensitizers. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 430:103-129. [PMID: 29934708 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Contact with the skin is inevitable or desirable for daily life products such as cosmetics, hair dyes, perfumes, drugs, household products, and industrial and agricultural products. Whereas the majority of these products are harmless, a number can become metabolized and/or activate the immunological defense via innate and adaptive mechanisms resulting in sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis upon following exposures to the same substance. Therefore, strict safety (hazard) assessment of actives and ingredients in products and drugs applied to the skin is essential to determine I) whether the chemical is a potential sensitizer and if so II) what is the safe concentration for human exposure to prevent sensitization from occurring. Ex vivo skin is a valuable model for skin penetration studies but due to logistical and viability limitations the development of in vitro alternatives is required. The aim of this review is to give a clear overview of the organotypic in vitro skin models (reconstructed human epidermis, reconstructed human skin, immune competent skin models incorporating Langerhans Cells and T-cells, skin-on-chip) that are currently commercially available or which are being used in a laboratory research setting for hazard assessment of potential sensitizers and for investigating the mechanisms (sensitization key events 1-4) related to allergic contact dermatitis. The limitations of the models, their current applications, and their future potential in replacing animals in allergy-related science are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Dermatology Lab, 0/2 Building, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081 Hz, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Ta GH, Weng CF, Leong MK. In silico Prediction of Skin Sensitization: Quo vadis? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655771. [PMID: 34017255 PMCID: PMC8129647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin direct contact with chemical or physical substances is predisposed to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), producing various allergic reactions, namely rash, blister, or itchy, in the contacted skin area. ACD can be triggered by various extremely complicated adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) remains to be causal for biosafety warrant. As such, commercial products such as ointments or cosmetics can fulfill the topically safe requirements in animal and non-animal models including allergy. Europe, nevertheless, has banned animal tests for the safety evaluations of cosmetic ingredients since 2013, followed by other countries. A variety of non-animal in vitro tests addressing different key events of the AOP, the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), KeratinoSens™, LuSens and human cell line activation test h-CLAT and U-SENS™ have been developed and were adopted in OECD test guideline to identify the skin sensitizers. Other methods, such as the SENS-IS are not yet fully validated and regulatorily accepted. A broad spectrum of in silico models, alternatively, to predict skin sensitization have emerged based on various animal and non-animal data using assorted modeling schemes. In this article, we extensively summarize a number of skin sensitization predictive models that can be used in the biopharmaceutics and cosmeceuticals industries as well as their future perspectives, and the underlined challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Huong Ta
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Max K. Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Taiwan
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12
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Basketter DA, Kimber I, Ezendam J. Predictive Tests for Irritants and Allergens: Human, Animal, and In Vitro Tests. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Corsini E, Gibbs S, Roggen E, Kimber I, Basketter DA. Skin Sensitization Tests: The LLNA and the RhE IL-18 Potency Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2240:13-29. [PMID: 33423223 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contact allergy is of considerable importance to the toxicologist, and regulatory authorities worldwide require testing for skin sensitization potential and appropriate hazard labeling to enable management of the risk to human health. Although traditionally the identification of skin-sensitizing chemicals has been carried out using animal models, in Europe legislative changes have promoted, and now require, the use of non-animal methods (i.e., Cosmetic Directive, REACH). Several in vitro alternatives for hazard identification have now been validated, but do not provide information on the potency of a skin sensitizer. Here, we describe an animal model, the local lymph node assay (LLNA), and an in vitro model, the RhE IL-18 potency assay, in the context of the identification and potency classification of skin sensitizers. These two assays have been chosen among the different available tests as representative of an alternative in vivo model (the LLNA) and a promising in vitro method with the potential of both hazard identification and potency classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sue Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Centre, ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Roggen
- 3Rs Management and Consultancy, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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14
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Nishijo T, Api AM, Gerberick GF, Miyazawa M, Roberts DW, Safford RJ, Sakaguchi H. Application of the dermal sensitization threshold concept to chemicals classified as high potency category for skin sensitization assessment of ingredients for consumer products. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104732. [PMID: 32795584 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin sensitization evaluation is a key part of the safety assessment of ingredients in consumer products, which may have skin sensitizing potential. The dermal sensitization threshold (DST) concept, which is based on the concept of the thresholds of toxicological concern, has been proposed for the risk assessment of chemicals to which skin exposure is very low level. There is negligible risk of skin sensitization if a skin exposure level for the substance of interest was below the reactive DST which would protect against 95% of protein-reactive chemicals. For the remaining 5%, the substance with the defined knowledge of chemical structure (i.e., High Potency Category (HPC) rules) needs to be excluded from the application. However, the DST value for HPC chemicals has not yet been proposed. In this study, we calculated the 95th percentile probabilities estimate from distributions of skin sensitization potency data and derived a novel DST for HPC chemicals (HPC DST) of 1.5 μg/cm2. This value presents a useful default approach for unidentified substances in ingredients considering, as a worst-case scenario, that the unidentified compound may be a potent skin sensitizer. Finally, we developed a novel risk assessment workflow incorporating the HPC DST along with the previously published DSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Nishijo
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Anne Marie Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, United States
| | - G Frank Gerberick
- GF3 Consultancy, LLC, 6592 Pullman Court, West Chester, OH 45069, United States
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
| | - David W Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Safford
- B-Safe Toxicology Consulting, 31 Hayway, Rushden, Northants, NN10 6AG, United Kingdom
| | - Hitoshi Sakaguchi
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
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15
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Bergal M, Puginier M, Gerbeix C, Groux H, Roso A, Cottrez F, Milius A. In vitro testing strategy for assessing the skin sensitizing potential of “difficult to test” cosmetic ingredients. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Api AM, Belsito D, Biserta S, Botelho D, Bruze M, Burton GA, Buschmann J, Cancellieri MA, Dagli ML, Date M, Dekant W, Deodhar C, Fryer AD, Gadhia S, Jones L, Joshi K, Lapczynski A, Lavelle M, Liebler DC, Na M, O'Brien D, Patel A, Penning TM, Ritacco G, Rodriguez-Ropero F, Romine J, Sadekar N, Salvito D, Schultz TW, Siddiqi F, Sipes IG, Sullivan G, Thakkar Y, Tokura Y, Tsang S. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2,4,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, CAS Registry Number 68527-77-5. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134 Suppl 2:110951. [PMID: 31712105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Belsito
- Member Expert Panel, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Biserta
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Botelho
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Bruze
- Member Expert Panel, Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE, 20502, Sweden
| | - G A Burton
- Member Expert Panel, School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 58109, USA
| | - J Buschmann
- Member Expert Panel, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - M A Cancellieri
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M L Dagli
- Member Expert Panel, University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - M Date
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - W Dekant
- Member Expert Panel, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Deodhar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A D Fryer
- Member Expert Panel, Oregon Health Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - S Gadhia
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - L Jones
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - K Joshi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Lapczynski
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Lavelle
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D C Liebler
- Member Expert Panel, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - M Na
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D O'Brien
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Patel
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T M Penning
- Member of Expert Panel, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA
| | - G Ritacco
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - F Rodriguez-Ropero
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - J Romine
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - N Sadekar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Salvito
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T W Schultz
- Member Expert Panel, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA
| | - F Siddiqi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I G Sipes
- Member Expert Panel, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA
| | - G Sullivan
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
| | - Y Thakkar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - Y Tokura
- Member Expert Panel, The Journal of Dermatological Science (JDS), Editor-in-Chief, Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - S Tsang
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
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17
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Abstract
Guidance for managing potential dermal exposures has historically been qualitative in nature, for example, in the form of a DSEN notation. We propose a method that can provide quantitative guidance on how to establish and use surface wipe limits for skin sensitizers. The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a validated test that not only identifies potential skin sensitizers but also provides an effective concentration (EC3) value. This provides quantitative dose-response information on induction of skin sensitization that permits estimates of sensitization thresholds and potency. Building upon the previously established correlation between LLNA EC3 values and human repeat insult patch testing no-effect levels, we present a quantitative method for setting surface wipe guidelines using the LLNA EC3. These limits can be used to assign compounds to occupational exposure bands and provide handling guidance for skin sensitizers of varying potency, supporting both exposure assessment and control strategies. A table is included that suggests a band of reasonable surface wipe limits (mg/100 cm2) for potentially all chemical sensitizers. When used in conjunction with a comprehensive industrial hygiene program that includes hazard communication, engineering controls, and personal protective equipment, skin exposure and consequent skin sensitization risks in the workplace can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan F Arnold
- University of Minnesota, Division of Environmental Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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18
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Hennen J, Silva E Sousa M, Sahli F, Lichter J, Lepoittevin JP, Giménez-Arnau E, Blömeke B. Sensitization potential and potency of terpene hydroperoxides in the cocultured activation test method. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:97-103. [PMID: 30963590 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive patch test reactions to mixtures of oxidized terpenes containing allergenic hydroperoxides are frequently reported. However, human sensitization data for these hydroperoxides are not available. OBJECTIVES To analyse and evaluate the human sensitization potential and potency of hydroperoxides in vitro by using human cells. MATERIALS/METHODS Limonene-1-hydroperoxide, limonene-2-hydroperoxide, citronellol-7-hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, 1-(1-hydroperoxy-1-methylethyl)cyclohexene and mixtures of citronellol hydroperoxides (isomers at positions 6 and 7) and linalool hydroperoxides (isomers at positions 6 and 7) were studied. All compounds were synthesized except for cumene hydroperoxide, which was commercially available. Their potential and potency to activate dendritic cells (DCs) was evaluated by measuring the upregulation of CD86 and CD54 on THP-1 cells upon exposure in the cocultured activation test (COCAT) consisting of HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte cell line) and THP-1 monocytes (as a surrogate for DCs). RESULTS Hydroperoxides upregulated CD86 and/or CD54 on cocultured THP-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The results are comparable with their sensitization potency ranking in predictive animal models. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the human sensitization potential and potency of several hydroperoxides were determined by the use of human cells and the COCAT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hennen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | | | - Fatma Sahli
- Dermatochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry-CNRS UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jutta Lichter
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
- Dermatochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry-CNRS UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elena Giménez-Arnau
- Dermatochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry-CNRS UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brunhilde Blömeke
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Trier University, Trier, Germany
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19
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Kim JY, Kim MK, Kim KB, Kim HS, Lee BM. Quantitative structure-activity and quantitative structure-property relationship approaches as alternative skin sensitization risk assessment methods. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:447-472. [PMID: 31104613 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1616437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to predict skin sensitization potency of selected chemicals by quantitatively analyzing their physicochemical properties by employing quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) approaches as alternative risk assessment methods to animal testing. Correlations between effective concentration for a stimulation index of 3 (EC3) (%), the amount of a chemical required to elicit a threefold increase in lymph node cell proliferative activity (stimulation index, ≥3), were calculated using local lymph node assay (LLNA) and physicochemical properties of 212 skin sensitizers and 38 non-sensitizers were investigated. The correlation coefficients between melting point (MP) and EC3 and between surface tension (ST) and EC3 were 0.65 and 0.69, respectively. The correlation coefficient for MP + ST and EC3 was estimated to be 0.72. Thus, correlation coefficients between EC3 and MP, ST, and MP + ST reliably predicted the skin sensitization potential of the chemicals with sensitivities of 72% (126/175), 70% (122/174), and 73% (116/158); specificities of 77% (27/35), 69% (22/32), and 81% (26/32); and accuracies of 73% (153/210), 70% (144/206), and 75% (142/190), respectively. Our findings suggest that the EC3 value may be more accurately predicted using the ST values of chemicals as opposed to MP values. Thus, information on MP and ST parameters of chemicals might be useful for predicting the EC3 values as not only an alternative approach to animal testing, but as a risk assessment method for skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Kim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Min Kook Kim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- b College of Pharmacy , Dankook University , Cheonan , Chungnam , South Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
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20
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Predictive Tests for Irritants and Allergens: Human, Animal, and In Vitro Tests. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_13-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Roberts DW. Is a combination of assays really needed for non-animal prediction of skin sensitization potential? Performance of the GARD™ (Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection) assay in comparison with OECD guideline assays alone and in combination. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 98:155-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Miller KB, Lejeune A, Regan R, Szivek A, Kow K. Suspected Carboplatin Extravasation Reactions in Seven Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:360-367. [PMID: 30272477 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carboplatin is a platinum chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in veterinary oncology that is currently classified as an irritant to local tissues when extravasated. To the authors' knowledge, there are no reports of vesicant injuries associated with carboplatin administration reported in the veterinary literature. In this case series, seven dogs are described to have experienced injuries following a suspected carboplatin extravasation resembling vesicant injuries a median of 7 days after carboplatin administration (range 4-15 days). Wounds healed with a variety of treatments, including medical management and/or surgical debridement, a median of 25.5 days (range 7-49 days) after observation of the suspected extravasation injury. There were no obvious similarities involving carboplatin administration among patients to explain why these reactions occurred. Extravasation injury should be considered a possible local complication associated with carboplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bowles Miller
- From the Oncology Service, Dogwood Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Care, Richmond, Virginia (K.B.M.); College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (A.L., A.S.); SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (R.R.); and IVG (InTown Veterinary Group by Ethos), Portsmouth, New Hampshire (K.K.)
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- From the Oncology Service, Dogwood Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Care, Richmond, Virginia (K.B.M.); College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (A.L., A.S.); SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (R.R.); and IVG (InTown Veterinary Group by Ethos), Portsmouth, New Hampshire (K.K.)
| | - Rebecca Regan
- From the Oncology Service, Dogwood Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Care, Richmond, Virginia (K.B.M.); College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (A.L., A.S.); SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (R.R.); and IVG (InTown Veterinary Group by Ethos), Portsmouth, New Hampshire (K.K.)
| | - Anna Szivek
- From the Oncology Service, Dogwood Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Care, Richmond, Virginia (K.B.M.); College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (A.L., A.S.); SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (R.R.); and IVG (InTown Veterinary Group by Ethos), Portsmouth, New Hampshire (K.K.)
| | - Kevin Kow
- From the Oncology Service, Dogwood Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Care, Richmond, Virginia (K.B.M.); College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (A.L., A.S.); SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (R.R.); and IVG (InTown Veterinary Group by Ethos), Portsmouth, New Hampshire (K.K.)
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23
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Interspecies assessment factors and skin sensitization risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 97:186-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Background The development of non-animal alternatives for skin sensitization potency prediction is dependent upon the availability of a sufficient dataset whose human potency is well characterized. Previously, establishment of basic categorization criteria for 6 defined potency categories, allowed 131 substances to be allocated into them entirely on the basis of human information. Objectives To supplement the original dataset with an extended range of fragrance substances. Methods A more fully described version of the original criteria was used to assess 89 fragrance chemicals, allowing their allocation into one of the 6 potency categories. Results None of the fragrance substances were assigned to the most potent group, category 1, whereas 11 were category 2, 22 were category 3, 37 were category 4, and 19 were category 5. Although none were identified as non-sensitizing, note that substances in category 5 also do not pass the threshold for regulatory classification. Conclusions The combined datasets of >200 substances placed into potency categories solely on the basis of human data provides an essential resource for the elaboration and evaluation of predictive non-animal methods.
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25
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Roberts DW, Api AM. Chemical applicability domain of the local lymph node assay (LLNA) for skin sensitisation potency. Part 4. Quantitative correlation of LLNA potency with human potency. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 96:76-84. [PMID: 29730445 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of skin sensitisation potential and potency by non-animal methods is the target of many active research programmes. Although the aim is to predict sensitisation potential and potency in humans, data from the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) constitute much the largest source of quantitative data on in vivo skin sensitisation. The LLNA has been the preferred in vivo method for identification of skin sensitising chemicals and as such is potentially valuable as a benchmark for assessment of non-animal approaches. However, in common with all predictive test methods, the LLNA is subject to false positives and false negatives with an overall level of accuracy said variously to be approximately 80% or 90%. It is also necessary to consider the extent to which, for true positives, LLNA potency correlates with human potency. In this paper LLNA potency and human potency are compared so as to express quantitatively the correlation between them, and reasons for non-agreement between LLNA and human potency are analysed. This leads to a better definition of the applicability domain of the LLNA, within which LLNA data can be used confidently to predict human potency and as a benchmark to assess the performance of non-animal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Marie Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, United States
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26
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Mizumachi H, Sakuma M, Ikezumi M, Saito K, Takeyoshi M, Imai N, Okutomi H, Umetsu A, Motohashi H, Watanabe M, Miyazawa M. Transferability and within- and between-laboratory reproducibilities of EpiSensA for predicting skin sensitization potential in vitro: A ring study in three laboratories. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1233-1243. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Mizumachi
- Kao Corporation, R&D, Safety Science Research; 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun Tochigi 321-3497 Japan
| | - Megumi Sakuma
- KOSÉ Corporation, Research Laboratories; 1-18-4 Azusawa, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 174-0051 Japan
| | - Mayu Ikezumi
- Food and Drug Safety Center; Hatano Research Institute; 729-5 Ochiai Hadano-shi Kanagawa 257-8523 Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Saito
- Kao Corporation, R&D, Safety Science Research; 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun Tochigi 321-3497 Japan
| | - Midori Takeyoshi
- KOSÉ Corporation, Research Laboratories; 1-18-4 Azusawa, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 174-0051 Japan
| | - Noriyasu Imai
- KOSÉ Corporation, Research Laboratories; 1-18-4 Azusawa, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 174-0051 Japan
| | - Hiroko Okutomi
- Food and Drug Safety Center; Hatano Research Institute; 729-5 Ochiai Hadano-shi Kanagawa 257-8523 Japan
| | - Asami Umetsu
- Food and Drug Safety Center; Hatano Research Institute; 729-5 Ochiai Hadano-shi Kanagawa 257-8523 Japan
| | - Hiroko Motohashi
- Food and Drug Safety Center; Hatano Research Institute; 729-5 Ochiai Hadano-shi Kanagawa 257-8523 Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Food and Drug Safety Center; Hatano Research Institute; 729-5 Ochiai Hadano-shi Kanagawa 257-8523 Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Kao Corporation, R&D, Safety Science Research; 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun Tochigi 321-3497 Japan
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27
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Corvaro M, Gehen S, Andrews K, Chatfield R, Macleod F, Mehta J. A retrospective analysis of in vivo eye irritation, skin irritation and skin sensitisation studies with agrochemical formulations: Setting the scene for development of alternative strategies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 89:131-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Non-animal skin sensitization safety assessments for cosmetic ingredients – What is possible today? CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Bil W, Schuur A, Ezendam J, Bokkers B. Probabilistic derivation of the interspecies assessment factor for skin sensitization. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 88:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Roberts DW, Schultz TW, Api AM. Skin Sensitization QMM for HRIPT NOEL Data: Aldehyde Schiff-Base Domain. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1309-1316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Roberts
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Terry W. Schultz
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, 2407 River
Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Anne Marie Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff
Lake, New Jersey 07677, United States
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31
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Braga RC, Alves VM, Muratov EN, Strickland J, Kleinstreuer N, Trospsha A, Andrade CH. Pred-Skin: A Fast and Reliable Web Application to Assess Skin Sensitization Effect of Chemicals. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1013-1017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho C. Braga
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Vinicius M. Alves
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Eugene N. Muratov
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, 65000, Ukraine
| | - Judy Strickland
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- National
Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative
Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Alexander Trospsha
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil
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32
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Vukmanović S, Sadrieh N. Skin sensitizers in cosmetics and beyond: potential multiple mechanisms of action and importance of T-cell assays for in vitro screening. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:415-432. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1288025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Vukmanović
- Cosmetics Division, Office of Cosmetics and Colors (OCAC), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), MD, USA
| | - Nakissa Sadrieh
- Cosmetics Division, Office of Cosmetics and Colors (OCAC), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), MD, USA
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33
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Quantitative risk assessment for skin sensitization: Success or failure? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 83:104-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Zang Q, Paris M, Lehmann DM, Bell S, Kleinstreuer N, Allen D, Matheson J, Jacobs A, Casey W, Strickland J. Prediction of skin sensitization potency using machine learning approaches. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:792-805. [PMID: 28074598 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of animal use in testing for regulatory classification of skin sensitizers is a priority for US federal agencies that use data from such testing. Machine learning models that classify substances as sensitizers or non-sensitizers without using animal data have been developed and evaluated. Because some regulatory agencies require that sensitizers be further classified into potency categories, we developed statistical models to predict skin sensitization potency for murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) and human outcomes. Input variables for our models included six physicochemical properties and data from three non-animal test methods: direct peptide reactivity assay; human cell line activation test; and KeratinoSens™ assay. Models were built to predict three potency categories using four machine learning approaches and were validated using external test sets and leave-one-out cross-validation. A one-tiered strategy modeled all three categories of response together while a two-tiered strategy modeled sensitizer/non-sensitizer responses and then classified the sensitizers as strong or weak sensitizers. The two-tiered model using the support vector machine with all assay and physicochemical data inputs provided the best performance, yielding accuracy of 88% for prediction of LLNA outcomes (120 substances) and 81% for prediction of human test outcomes (87 substances). The best one-tiered model predicted LLNA outcomes with 78% accuracy and human outcomes with 75% accuracy. By comparison, the LLNA predicts human potency categories with 69% accuracy (60 of 87 substances correctly categorized). These results suggest that computational models using non-animal methods may provide valuable information for assessing skin sensitization potency. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Matheson
- US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | - Warren Casey
- NIH/NIEHS/DNTP/NICEATM, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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35
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A preliminary evaluation of immune stimulation following exposure to metal particles and ions using the mouse popliteal lymph node assay. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 308:77-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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36
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