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Vasudevan R, Nur Afiqah M, Mohd Nazil S, Wan Aliaa WS, Liyana Najwa IM, Mohd Hazmi M, Siew Mooi C, Abdul Hanif Khan YK, Hamidon B, Pannerselvam P, Suganthi V, Narenkumar J. Genetic Susceptibility Variants of Vascular Dementia among Asians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38636474 DOI: 10.1159/000538864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular dementia (VaD), a neurocognitive impairment directly related to vascular injury, is the second most common cause of age-related dementia. Although numerous studies have investigated candidate genetic polymorphisms associated with VaD in Asia, the genetics of VaD remains unclear. METHODS This review provides an updated meta-analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with VaD in Asians, using the PRISMA guidelines. Published literature up to May 2021 was extracted from the PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and EBSCOhost databases. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Open Meta analyst, Review Manager, and MedCalc® Statistical Software. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed using TSA viewer software. RESULTS A total of 46 eligible studies, comprising 23 genes and 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms, were retrieved. The meta-analysis was conducted on the following genetic polymorphisms, APOE ε2/3/4, MTHFR rs1801131, ACE rs4340 (I/D) gene polymorphism, and a PSEN1 intron 8 variant. The pooled odds ratio (ORs) revealed a significant increase in the risk of VaD in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allelic model (OR, 1.79, p < 0.001), and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 polymorphism T allele in the allelic model (OR, 1.23, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that genetic polymorphisms of the APOE ε4 allele and MTHFR rs1801133 T allele increase the risk of developing VaD in Asians. However, future large-scale investigations examining particularly on South-Eastern and West-Asian populations are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vasudevan
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M Nur Afiqah
- Centre for Foundation Studies, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - S Mohd Nazil
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W S Wan Aliaa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - I M Liyana Najwa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - M Mohd Hazmi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - C Siew Mooi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Y K Abdul Hanif Khan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - B Hamidon
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - P Pannerselvam
- Department of Physiology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, India
| | - V Suganthi
- Department of Physiology, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupanada Variar Medical College and Hospital, Salem, India
| | - J Narenkumar
- Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Vuic B, Milos T, Tudor L, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M, Nedic Erjavec G, Farkas V, Uzun S, Mimica N, Svob Strac D. Pharmacogenomics of Dementia: Personalizing the Treatment of Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2048. [PMID: 38002991 PMCID: PMC10671071 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome of global and progressive deterioration of cognitive skills, especially memory, learning, abstract thinking, and orientation, usually affecting the elderly. The most common forms are Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and other (frontotemporal, Lewy body disease) dementias. The etiology of these multifactorial disorders involves complex interactions of various environmental and (epi)genetic factors and requires multiple forms of pharmacological intervention, including anti-dementia drugs for cognitive impairment, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and sedatives for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and other drugs for comorbid disorders. The pharmacotherapy of dementia patients has been characterized by a significant interindividual variability in drug response and the development of adverse drug effects. The therapeutic response to currently available drugs is partially effective in only some individuals, with side effects, drug interactions, intolerance, and non-compliance occurring in the majority of dementia patients. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of a patient's response to pharmacotherapy might help clinicians select the most effective treatment for dementia while minimizing the likelihood of adverse reactions and drug interactions. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics may contribute to the individualization and optimization of dementia pharmacotherapy by increasing its efficacy and safety via a prediction of clinical outcomes. Thus, it can significantly improve the quality of life in dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vuic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Tina Milos
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Vladimir Farkas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
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Tsukui D, Kimura Y, Kono H. GM-CSF receptor/SYK/JNK/FOXO1/CD11c signaling promotes atherosclerosis. iScience 2023; 26:107293. [PMID: 37520709 PMCID: PMC10382675 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis complicates chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting that a shared physiological pathway regulates inflammatory responses in these diseases wherein spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is involved. We aimed to identify a shared therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. We used Syk-knockout atherosclerosis-prone mice to determine whether SYK is involved in atherosclerosis via the inflammatory response and elucidate the mechanism of SYK signaling. The Syk-knockout mice showed reduced atherosclerosis in vivo, and macrophages derived from this strain showed ameliorated cell migration in vitro. CD11c expression decreased on Syk-knockout monocytes and macrophages; it was upregulated by forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) after stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mediated SYK signaling to FOXO1. Furthermore, FOXO1 inhibitor treatment mitigated atherosclerosis in mice. Thus, GM-CSF receptor/SYK/JNK/FOXO1/CD11c signaling in monocytes and macrophages and FOXO1 could be therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsukui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hajime Kono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Pokhilko A, Brezzo G, Handunnetthi L, Heilig R, Lennon R, Smith C, Allan SM, Granata A, Sinha S, Wang T, Markus HS, Naba A, Fischer R, Van Agtmael T, Horsburgh K, Cader MZ. Global proteomic analysis of extracellular matrix in mouse and human brain highlights relevance to cerebrovascular disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2423-2438. [PMID: 33730931 PMCID: PMC8392779 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211004307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key interface between the cerebrovasculature and adjacent brain tissues. Deregulation of the ECM contributes to a broad range of neurological disorders. However, despite this importance, our understanding of the ECM composition remains very limited mainly due to difficulties in its isolation. To address this, we developed an approach to extract the cerebrovascular ECM from mouse and human post-mortem normal brain tissues. We then used mass spectrometry with off-line high-pH reversed-phase fractionation to increase the protein detection. This identified more than 1000 proteins in the ECM-enriched fraction, with > 66% of the proteins being common between the species. We report 147 core ECM proteins of the human brain vascular matrisome, including collagens, laminins, fibronectin and nidogens. We next used network analysis to identify the connection between the brain ECM proteins and cerebrovascular diseases. We found that genes related to cerebrovascular diseases, such as COL4A1, COL4A2, VCAN and APOE were significantly enriched in the cerebrovascular ECM network. This provides unique mechanistic insight into cerebrovascular disease and potential drug targets. Overall, we provide a powerful resource to study the functions of brain ECM and highlight a specific role for brain vascular ECM in cerebral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pokhilko
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gaia Brezzo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Raphael Heilig
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandra Granata
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roman Fischer
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Van Agtmael
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Mur J, McCartney DL, Chasman DI, Visscher PM, Muniz-Terrera G, Cox SR, Russ TC, Marioni RE. Variation in VKORC1 Is Associated with Vascular Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1329-1337. [PMID: 33682710 PMCID: PMC8150662 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic variant rs9923231 (VKORC1) is associated with differences in the coagulation of blood and consequentially with sensitivity to the drug warfarin. Variation in VKORC1 has been linked in a gene-based test to dementia/Alzheimer's disease in the parents of participants, with suggestive evidence for an association for rs9923231 (p = 1.8×10-7), which was included in the genome-wide significant KAT8 locus. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate whether the relationship between rs9923231 and dementia persists only for certain dementia sub-types, and if those taking warfarin are at greater risk. METHODS We used logistic regression and data from 238,195 participants from UK Biobank to examine the relationship between VKORC1, risk of dementia, and the interplay with warfarin use. RESULTS Parental history of dementia, APOE variant, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia all had strong associations with vascular dementia (p < 4.6×10-6). The T-allele in rs9923231 was linked to a lower warfarin dose (βperT - allele = -0.29, p < 2×10-16) and risk of vascular dementia (OR = 1.17, p = 0.010), but not other dementia sub-types. However, the risk of vascular dementia was not affected by warfarin use in carriers of the T-allele. CONCLUSION Our study reports for the first time an association between rs9923231 and vascular dementia, but further research is warranted to explore potential mechanisms and specify the relationship between rs9923231 and features of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Mur
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L. McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter M. Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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6
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Guerreiro R, Gibbons E, Tábuas-Pereira M, Kun-Rodrigues C, Santo GC, Bras J. Genetic architecture of common non-Alzheimer's disease dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 142:104946. [PMID: 32439597 PMCID: PMC8207829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the most common forms of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The heterogeneity of these disorders and/or the clinical overlap with other diseases hinder the study of their genetic components. Even though Mendelian dementias are rare, the study of these forms of disease can have a significant impact in the lives of patients and families and have successfully brought to the fore many of the genes currently known to be involved in FTD and VaD, starting to give us a glimpse of the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. More recently, genome-wide association studies have also pointed to disease risk-associated loci. This has been particularly important for DLB where familial forms of disease are very rarely described. In this review we systematically describe the Mendelian and risk genes involved in these non-AD dementias in an effort to contribute to a better understanding of their genetic architecture, find differences and commonalities between different dementia phenotypes, and uncover areas that would benefit from more intense research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Guerreiro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Gibbons
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celia Kun-Rodrigues
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Gustavo C Santo
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jose Bras
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh S Markus
- From the Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (H.S.M.)
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (R.S.)
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Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common disorder that encompasses heterogeneous entities, which creates challenges in order to reach a global consensus for diagnostic criteria. While the genetic basis for sporadic VaD remains poorly understood, the identification of causal genes in monogenic forms of VaD sheds light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of VaD. This special report describes progress in genetic research on monogenic and sporadic VaD, as well as on associated phenotypes, such as cerebral small vessel disease, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Methodological issues (e.g., small-size studies) and strategies to overcome these problems (e.g., collaborative consortiums, endophenotypes) are discussed. Lastly, future perspectives in the field and how such work could benefit patients and clinicians are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Manso-Calderón
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
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9
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Lee C. Best Linear Unbiased Prediction of Individual Polygenic Susceptibility to Sporadic Vascular Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1115-9. [PMID: 27258425 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors of sporadic vascular dementia have been quite limitedly understood. Many underlying polygenes are suspected to contribute to susceptibility to sporadic vascular dementia as a typical complex disease although they have not been identified from genome-wide association studies. This study suggests a stochastic prediction of individual polygenetic susceptibility to sporadic vascular dementia using best linear unbiased prediction in a mixed model framework. The prediction shows a relative degree of individual genetic susceptibility to the disease that reflects its integrative polygenetic factors across the genome. The estimate should take into account heritability and the prevalence of sporadic vascular dementia to cope with the disease. This offers a model for application of a genetic blueprint for a complex disease to personalized preventive medicine.
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Skrobot OA, McKnight AJ, Passmore PA, Seripa D, Mecocci P, Panza F, Kalaria R, Wilcock G, Munafò M, Erkinjuntti T, Karhunen P, Pessi T, Martiskainen M, Love S, Kehoe PG. A Validation Study of Vascular Cognitive Impairment Genetics Meta-Analysis Findings in an Independent Collaborative Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:981-9. [PMID: 27314523 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), including its severe form, vascular dementia (VaD), is the second most common form of dementia. The genetic etiology of sporadic VCI remains largely unknown. We previously conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published genetic association studies of sporadic VCI prior to 6 July 2012, which demonstrated that APOE (ɛ4, ɛ2) and MTHFR (rs1801133) variants were associated with susceptibility for VCI. De novo genotyping was conducted in a new independent relatively large collaborative European cohort of VaD (nmax = 549) and elderly non-demented samples (nmax = 552). Where available, genotype data derived from Illumina's 610-quad array for 1210 GERAD1 control samples were also included in analyses of genes examined. Associations were tested using the Cochran-Armitage trend test: MTHFR rs1801133 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.16-1.58, p = <0.0001), APOE rs7412 (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.42-0.90, p = 0.01), and APOE rs429358 (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.17-2.16, p = 0.003). Association was also observed with APOE epsilon alleles; ɛ4 (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.35-2.52, p = <0.0001) and ɛ2 (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.98, p = 0.03). Logistic regression and Bonferroni correction in a subgroup of the cohort adjusted for gender, age, and population maintained the association of APOE rs429358 and ɛ4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Anna Skrobot
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol, Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Level A, Tower Block, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter Anthony Passmore
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Queens University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Ospedale S.M. della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.,Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Rajesh Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, NIHR Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gordon Wilcock
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcus Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Timo Erkinjuntti
- Department of Neurology and Memory Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS, Finland
| | - Pekka Karhunen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital region, Finland
| | - Tanja Pessi
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital region, Finland
| | - Mika Martiskainen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital region, Finland
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol, Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Patrick Gavin Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol, Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Wallin A, Román GC, Esiri M, Kettunen P, Svensson J, Paraskevas GP, Kapaki E. Update on Vascular Cognitive Impairment Associated with Subcortical Small-Vessel Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:1417-1441. [PMID: 29562536 PMCID: PMC5870030 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subcortical small-vessel disease (SSVD) is a disorder well characterized from the clinical, imaging, and neuropathological viewpoints. SSVD is considered the most prevalent ischemic brain disorder, increasing in frequency with age. Vascular risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, elevated homocysteine, and obstructive sleep apnea. Ischemic white matter lesions are the hallmark of SSVD; other pathological lesions include arteriolosclerosis, dilatation of perivascular spaces, venous collagenosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microbleeds, microinfarcts, lacunes, and large infarcts. The pathogenesis of SSVD is incompletely understood but includes endothelial changes and blood-brain barrier alterations involving metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factors, angiotensin II, mindin/spondin, and the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Metabolic and genetic conditions may also play a role but hitherto there are few conclusive studies. Clinical diagnosis of SSVD includes early executive dysfunction manifested by impaired capacity to use complex information, to formulate strategies, and to exercise self-control. In comparison with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with SSVD show less pronounced episodic memory deficits. Brain imaging has advanced substantially the diagnostic tools for SSVD. With the exception of cortical microinfarcts, all other lesions are well visualized with MRI. Diagnostic biomarkers that separate AD from SSVD include reduction of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ)42 and of the ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 often with increased total tau levels. However, better markers of small-vessel function of intracerebral blood vessels are needed. The treatment of SSVD remains unsatisfactory other than control of vascular risk factors. There is an urgent need of finding targets to slow down and potentially halt the progression of this prevalent, but often unrecognized, disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden and Memory Clinic at Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sahlgrenska University, Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustavo C. Román
- Department of Neurology, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret Esiri
- Neuropathology Department, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden and Memory Clinic at Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sahlgrenska University, Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Johan Svensson
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Neurochemistry Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Neurochemistry Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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12
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Ikram MA, Bersano A, Manso-Calderón R, Jia JP, Schmidt H, Middleton L, Nacmias B, Siddiqi S, Adams HHH. Genetics of vascular dementia - review from the ICVD working group. BMC Med 2017; 15:48. [PMID: 28260527 PMCID: PMC5338082 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia is a common disorder resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Determining the extent to which genes play a role in disease susceptibility and their pathophysiological mechanisms could improve our understanding of vascular dementia, leading to a potential translation of this knowledge to clinical practice. DISCUSSION In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the genetics of vascular dementia. The identification of causal genes remains limited to monogenic forms of the disease, with findings for sporadic vascular dementia being less robust. However, progress in genetic research on associated phenotypes, such as cerebral small vessel disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke, have the potential to inform on the genetics of vascular dementia. We conclude by providing an overview of future developments in the field and how such work could impact patients and clinicians. CONCLUSION The genetic background of vascular dementia is well established for monogenic disorders, but remains relatively obscure for the sporadic form. More work is needed for providing robust findings that might eventually lead to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Raquel Manso-Calderón
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca-CSIC-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jian-Ping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lefkos Middleton
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a major contributor to the dementia syndrome and is described as having problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, and memory caused by impaired blood flow to the brain and damage to the blood vessels resulting from events such as stroke. There are a variety of etiologies that contribute to the development of vascular cognitive impairment and VaD, and these are often associated with other dementia-related pathologies such as Alzheimer disease. The diagnosis of VaD is difficult due to the number and types of lesions and their locations in the brain. Factors that increase the risk of vascular diseases such as stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking also raise the risk of VaD. Therefore, controlling these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing VaD. This update describes the subtypes of VaD, with details of their complex presentation, associated pathological lesions, and issues with diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Guys Campus, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Wolfson Research Centre, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Corbett
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Guys Campus, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Clive Ballard
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Guys Campus, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Manso-Calderón R, González-Sarmiento R. Genetic susceptibility to vascular cognitive impairment: a pathophysiological view. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) creates challenges for research on its genetic basis and pathophysiology. Despite well-known monogenic forms may be useful to understand some pathogenic mechanisms leading to VCI, most of VCIs are sporadic disorders resulting from the interaction between environmental, vascular and genetic factors. Genetic investigation for VCI may encompass both candidate genes that affect critical biological processes to VCI and common and rare genetic variants identified across the entire genome study technology, thereby enabling us to confirm or expose new biological mechanisms in VCI and develop new therapeutic and preventive approaches. Notwithstanding genetic susceptibility to VCI remains largely unknown owing to methodological issues. Collaborative efforts emerge as an interesting strategy to overcome these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Manso-Calderón
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca-CSIC-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca-CSIC-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine & Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC). University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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15
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Genome-wide association study reveals sex-specific selection signals against autosomal nucleotide variants. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:423-6. [PMID: 26763874 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to examine genetic associations of common autosomal nucleotide variants with sex in a Korean population with 4183 males and 4659 females. Nine genetic association signals were identified in four intragenic and five intergenic regions (P<5 × 10(-8)). Further analysis with an independent data set confirmed two intragenic association signals in the genes encoding protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 12B (PPP1R12B, intron 12, rs1819043) and dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11, intron 61, rs10255013), which are directly involved in the reproductive system. This study revealed autosomal genetic variants associated with sex ratio by GWAS for the first time. This implies that genetic variants in proximity to the association signals may influence sex-specific selection and contribute to sex ratio variation. Further studies are required to reveal the mechanisms underlying sex-specific selection.
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Ferencz B, Gerritsen L. Genetics and underlying pathology of dementia. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:113-24. [PMID: 25567624 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As the population steadily ages, dementia, in all its forms, remains a great societal challenge. Yet, our knowledge of their etiology remains rather limited. To this end, genetic studies can give us insight into the underlying mechanisms that lead to the development of dementia, potentially facilitating treatments in the future. In this review we cover the most recent genetic risk factors associated with the onset of the four most common dementia types today, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Vascular Dementia (VaD), Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and Lewy Body Dementia (LBD). Moreover, we discuss the overlap in major underlying pathologies of dementia derived from their genetic associations. While all four dementia types appear to involve genes associated with tau-pathology and neuroinflammation only LBD, AD and VaD appear to involve amyloid genes while LBD and FTLD share alpha synuclein genes. Together these findings suggest that some of the dementias may exist along a spectrum and demonstrates the necessity to conduct large-scale studies pinpointing the etiology of the dementias and potential gene and environment interactions that may influence their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Ferencz
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ryu J, Woo J, Shin J, Ryoo H, Kim Y, Lee C. Profile of differential promoter activity by nucleotide substitution at GWAS signals for multiple sclerosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e281. [PMID: 25526461 PMCID: PMC4603103 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This experimental study was conducted with completely randomized design. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a large number of genetic associations of nucleotide sequence variants with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, studies to identify the functional relevance of these variants lag far behind identification of the GWAS signals. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analysis and promoter activity analysis with the variants filtered by GWAS were conducted to identify their functional alleles and haplotypes. The promoter activity was assayed with reporter constructs containing variants at 8 MS GWAS signals resulted from 18 GWAS. The promoter activity differed by alternative sequence variants at upstream regions of the CYP24A1, CYP27B1, SYK, RAD21L1, PVR, ODF3B, and RGS14 genes (P<0.05). The transcriptional regulations of sequence variants were also found by identifications of eQTLs for their corresponding genes with lymphoblastoid cells in the current study (SYK, ODF3B, RGS14, and PVR, P<8.33×10⁻³) and with dendritic cells in a previous study (CYP27B1, P=1.84×10⁻⁶). This study identified regulatory nucleotide sequences in the promoters of the CYP24A1, CYP27B1, SYK, RAD21L1, PVR, ODF3B, and RGS14 genes, and their variants differentially affected gene expression. This might result in their associations with MS susceptibility in previous GWAS. Further functional studies are required to understand the process of transcriptional regulation of the variants identified in the current study and the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Ryu
- From the School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, 511 Sangdo-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-743, Korea
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