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Ibrahim KE, Bakhiet AO, Awadalla ME, Khan HA. A priming dose protects against gold nanoparticles-induced proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in mice. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:313-323. [PMID: 29231780 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of priming doses of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on proinflammatory cytokines in different organs of mice. MATERIALS & METHODS Mice were injected with a single or two doses (priming group) of GNPs (5, 20 and 50 nm) and sacrificed after 1 or 7 days. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined in liver, kidney and spleen. RESULTS A single injection of 5 nm GNPs significantly increased the mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 in liver, which were normalized on day 7. In spleen, the GNPs of all sizes significantly increased IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expressions on day 1 that persisted on day 7. The priming dose of GNPs protected the animals against the acute phase induction of IL-1β and IL-6 expressions in liver and spleen. CONCLUSION Primed animals showed protection against GNP-induced acute immune activation suggesting the importance of the priming dose in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amel Omer Bakhiet
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Sudan University of Science & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maaweya Elaeed Awadalla
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Figueroa ER, Yan JS, Chamberlain-Simon NK, Lin AY, Foster AE, Drezek RA. Systematically probing the bottom-up synthesis of AuPAMAM conjugates for enhanced transfection efficiency. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:24. [PMID: 27029613 PMCID: PMC4815207 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown great promise as scaffolds for gene therapy vectors due to their attractive physiochemical properties which include biocompatibility, ease of functionalization via the nearly covalent gold-sulfur dative bond, and surface plasmon optical properties. Previously, we synthesized stable AuNP-polyamidoamine (AuPAMAM) conjugates and showed their success in vitro as non-viral gene delivery vectors. RESULTS In this study, we systematically perturbed each component of the AuPAMAM conjugates and analyzed the resulting effect on transfection efficiency. Due to the modular, bottom-up nature of the AuPAMAM synthesis, we were able to probe each step of the fabrication process. The relationship between each conjugation parameter and the function of the final vector were investigated. More than fourfold enhanced transfection efficiency was achieved by modifying the PAMAM concentration, PAMAM core chemistry, PAMAM terminus chemistry, and self-assembled monolayer composition of the AuPAMAM conjugates. CONCLUSIONS This work suggest that AuPAMAM synthesis platform is a promising non-viral gene therapy approach and highlights the importance of inspecting the role of each individual constituent in all nanotechnology hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Figueroa
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main St, MS 142, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - J Stephen Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main St, MS 142, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | | | - Adam Y Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main St, MS 142, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Aaron E Foster
- Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, 2130 W Holcombe Blvd #850, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Rebekah A Drezek
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main St, MS 142, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
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Gagnon J, Fromm KM. Toxicity and Protective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (Nanoceria) Depending on Their Preparation Method, Particle Size, Cell Type, and Exposure Route. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bonventre JA, Pryor JB, Harper BJ, Harper SL. The impact of aminated surface ligands and silica shells on the stability, uptake, and toxicity of engineered silver nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 16:2761. [PMID: 25484618 PMCID: PMC4255064 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-014-2761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Inherent nanomaterial characteristics, composition, surface chemistry, and primary particle size, are known to impact particle stability, uptake, and toxicity. Nanocomposites challenge our ability to predict nanoparticle reactivity in biological systems if they are composed of materials with contrasting relative toxicities. We hypothesized that toxicity would be dominated by the nanoparticle surface (shell vs core), and that modulating the surface ligands would have a direct impact on uptake. We exposed developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) to a series of ~70 nm amine-terminated silver nanoparticles with silica shells (AgSi NPs) to investigate the relative influence of surface amination, composition, and size on toxicity. Like-sized aminated AgSi and Si NPs were more toxic than paired hydroxyl-terminated nanoparticles; however, both AgSi NPs were more toxic than the Si NPs, indicating a significant contribution of the silver core to the toxicity. Incremental increases in surface amination did not linearly increase uptake and toxicity, but did have a marked impact on dispersion stability. Mass-based exposure metrics initially supported the hypothesis that smaller nanoparticles (20 nm) would be more toxic than larger particles (70 nm). However, surface area-based metrics revealed that toxicity was independent of size. Our studies suggest that nanoparticle surfaces play a critical role in the uptake and toxicity of AgSi NPs, while the impact of size may be a function of the exposure metric used. Overall, uptake and toxicity can be dramatically altered by small changes in surface functionalization or exposure media. Only after understanding the magnitude of these changes, can we begin to understand the biologically available dose following nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine A. Bonventre
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Joseph B. Pryor
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Bryan J. Harper
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Stacey L. Harper
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
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Dickherber A, Morris SA, Grodzinski P. NCI investment in nanotechnology: achievements and challenges for the future. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:251-65. [PMID: 25429991 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers an exceptional and unique opportunity for developing a new generation of tools addressing persistent challenges to progress in cancer research and clinical care. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes this potential, which is why it invests roughly $150 M per year in nanobiotechnology training, research and development. By exploiting the various capacities of nanomaterials, the range of nanoscale vectors and probes potentially available suggests much is possible for precisely investigating, manipulating, and targeting the mechanisms of cancer across the full spectrum of research and clinical care. NCI has played a key role among federal R&D agencies in recognizing early the value of nanobiotechnology in medicine and committing to its development as well as providing training support for new investigators in the field. These investments have allowed many in the research community to pursue breakthrough capabilities that have already yielded broad benefits. Presented here is an overview of how NCI has made these investments with some consideration of how it will continue to work with this research community to pursue paradigm-changing innovations that offer relief from the burdens of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Dickherber
- Office of the Director, Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Liao L, Zhang M, Liu H, Zhang X, Xie Z, Zhang Z, Gong T, Sun X. Subchronic toxicity and immunotoxicity of MeO-PEG-poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-PEG-OMe triblock copolymer nanoparticles delivered intravenously into rats. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:245705. [PMID: 24869981 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/24/245705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although monomethoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-monomethoxy (PELGE) nanoparticles have been widely studied as a drug delivery system, little is known about their toxicity in vivo. Here we examined the subchronic toxicity and immunotoxicity of different doses of PELGE nanoparticles with diameters of 50 and 200 nm (PELGE50 and PELGE200) in rats. Neither size of PELGE nanoparticles showed obvious subchronic toxic effects during 28 d of continuous intravenous administration based on clinical observation, body weight, hematology parameters and histopathology analysis. PELGE200 nanoparticles showed no overt signs of immunotoxicity based on organ coefficients, histopathology analysis, immunoglobulin levels, blood lymphocyte subpopulations and splenocyte cytokines. Conversely, PELGE50 nanoparticles were associated with an increased organ coefficient and histopathological changes in the spleen, increased serum IgM and IgG levels, alterations in blood lymphocyte subpopulations and enhanced expression of spleen interferon-γ. Taken together, these results suggest that PELGE nanoparticles show low subchronic toxicity but substantial immunotoxicity, which depends strongly on particle size. These findings will be useful for safe application of PELGE nanoparticles in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Li N, Echeverría M, Moya S, Ruiz J, Astruc D. “Click” Synthesis of Nona-PEG-branched Triazole Dendrimers and Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles That Efficiently Catalyze p-Nitrophenol Reduction. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6954-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500861f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - María Echeverría
- CIC biomaGUNE, Unidad Biosuperficies, Paseo Miramón no. 182, Edif. “C”, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergio Moya
- CIC biomaGUNE, Unidad Biosuperficies, Paseo Miramón no. 182, Edif. “C”, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Figueroa ER, Lin AY, Yan J, Luo L, Foster AE, Drezek RA. Optimization of PAMAM-gold nanoparticle conjugation for gene therapy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:1725-1734. [PMID: 24286816 PMCID: PMC3906732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and biocompatible non-viral vectors for gene therapy remains a great challenge, and exploiting the properties of both nanoparticle carriers and cationic polymers is an attractive approach. In this work, we have developed gold nanoparticle (AuNP) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) conjugates for use as non-viral transfection agents. AuPAMAM conjugates were prepared by crosslinking PAMAM dendrimers to carboxylic-terminated AuNPs via EDC and sulfo-NHS chemistry. EDC and sulfo-NHS have been utilized widely and in numerous applications such as amino acid coupling; however, their use in the coupling of PAMAM dendrimers to AuNPs presents new challenges to form effective and stable constructs for delivery that have not yet been examined. Enhanced colloidal stability and DNA condensation ability was established by probing two critical synthetic parameters: the reaction rate of the PAMAM crosslinking step, and the amine to carboxyl ratio. Based on this work, increasing the amine to carboxyl ratio during conjugation of PAMAM onto AuNPs yielded the optimal vector with respect to colloidal stability and transfection efficiency in vitro. AuPAMAM conjugates present attractive candidates for non-viral gene delivery due to their commercial availability, ease of fabrication and scale-up, high yield, high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Y. Lin
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiaxi Yan
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laureen Luo
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Rebekah A. Drezek
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lesniak WG, Mishra MK, Jyoti A, Balakrishnan B, Zhang F, Nance E, Romero R, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Biodistribution of fluorescently labeled PAMAM dendrimers in neonatal rabbits: effect of neuroinflammation. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4560-71. [PMID: 24116950 DOI: 10.1021/mp400371r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are being explored in many preclinical studies as drug, gene, and imaging agent delivery systems. Understanding their detailed organ, tissue, cellular uptake, and retention can provide valuable insights into their effectiveness as delivery vehicles and the associated toxicity. This work explores a fluorescence-quantification based assay that enables simultaneous quantitative biodistribution and imaging of dendrimers with a single agent. We have labeled an ethylenediamine-core generation-4 hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer using the fluorescent photostable, near-IR cyanine dye (Cy5) and performed quantitative and qualitative biodistribution of the dendrimer-Cy5 conjugates (D-Cy5) in healthy neonatal rabbits and neonatal rabbits with cerebral palsy (CP). The biodistribution of D-Cy5 and free Cy5 dye was evaluated in newborn rabbits, based on the developed quantification methods using fluorescence spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and supported by microscopic imaging. The uptake was assessed in the brain, heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, blood serum, and urine. Results obtained based on these three independent methods are in good agreement and indicate the fast renal clearance of D-Cy5 and free Cy5 with relatively higher organs accumulation of the D-Cy5 conjugate. Following systemic administration, the D-Cy5 mainly accumulated in kidneys and bladder at 24 h. The quantitative biodistribution is in good agreement with previous studies based on radiolabeling. These methods for dendrimers quantification are easier and more practical, provide excellent sensitivity (reaching 0.1 ng per gram of tissue), and allow for quantification of dendrimers in different organs over longer time periods without concerns for radioactive decay, while also enabling tissue and cellular imaging in the same animal. In kits with fetal-neuroinflammation induced CP, there was a significantly higher uptake of D-Cy5 in the brain, while biodistribution in other organs was similar to that of healthy kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech G Lesniak
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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