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Ranzani R, Razzoli M, Sanson P, Song J, Galati S, Ferrarese C, Lambercy O, Kaelin-Lang A, Gassert R. Feasibility of Adjunct Therapy with a Robotic Hand Orthosis after Botulinum Toxin Injections in Persons with Spasticity: A Pilot Study. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:346. [PMID: 39195756 PMCID: PMC11360205 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16080346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Upper-limb spasticity, frequent after central nervous system lesions, is typically treated with botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) injections to reduce muscle tone and increase range of motion. However, performing adjunct physical therapy post-BoNT-A can be challenging due to residual weakness or spasticity. This study evaluates the feasibility of hand therapy using a robotic hand orthosis (RELab tenoexo) with a mobile phone application as an adjunct to BoNT-A injections. Five chronic spastic patients participated in a two-session pilot study. Functional (Box and Block Test (BBT), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)), and muscle tone (Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)) assessments were conducted to assess functional abilities and impairment, along with usability evaluations. In the first session, subjects received BoNT-A injections, and then they performed a simulated unsupervised therapy session with the RELab tenoexo in a second session a month later. Results showed that BoNT-A reduced muscle tone (from 12.2 to 7.4 MAS points). The addition of RELab tenoexo therapy was safe, led to functional improvements in four subjects (two-cube increase in BBT as well as 2.8 points in grasp and 1.3 points in grip on ARAT). Usability results indicate that, with minor improvements, adjunct RELab tenoexo therapy could enhance therapy doses and, potentially, long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ranzani
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.); (R.G.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Cereneo, Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seestrasse 18, 6354 Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Razzoli
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Pierre Sanson
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Jaeyong Song
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6962 Lugano, Switzerland; (S.G.); (A.K.-L.)
- Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Olivier Lambercy
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Alain Kaelin-Lang
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6962 Lugano, Switzerland; (S.G.); (A.K.-L.)
- Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Gassert
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.); (R.G.)
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Ventura S, Ottoboni G, Pappadà A, Tessari A. Acceptance of Assistive Technology by Users with Motor Disabilities Due to Spinal Cord or Acquired Brain Injuries: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082962. [PMID: 37109297 PMCID: PMC10146680 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired motor limits can be provoked by neurological lesions. Independently of the aetiologies, the lesions require patients to develop new coping strategies and adapt to the changed motor functionalities. In all of these occasions, what is defined as an assistive technology (AT) may represent a promising solution. The present work is a systematic review of the scientific AT-related literature published in the PubMed, Cinahl, and Psychinfo databases up to September 2022. This review was undertaken to summarise how the acceptance of AT is assessed in people with motor deficits due to neurological lesions. We review papers that (1) dealt with adults (≥18 years old) with motor deficits due to spinal cord or acquired brain injuries and (2) concerned user acceptance of hard AT. A total of 615 studies emerged, and 18 articles were reviewed according to the criteria. The constructs used to assess users' acceptance mainly entail people's satisfaction, ease of use, safety and comfort. Moreover, the acceptance constructs varied as a function of participants' injury severity. Despite the heterogeneity, acceptability was mainly ascertained through pilot and usability studies in laboratory settings. Furthermore, ad-hoc questionnaires and qualitative methods were preferred to unstandardized protocols of measurement. This review highlights the way in which people living with acquired motor limits greatly appreciate ATs. On the other hand, methodological heterogeneity indicates that evaluation protocols should be systematized and finely tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ventura
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Avd. Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni Ottoboni
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pappadà
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
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Espín-Tello SM, Gardeazabal X, Abascal J. The use of robots for augmentative manipulation during play activities among children with motor impairment: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:896-910. [PMID: 35260000 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2046185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the extent, type, and quality of studies involving robots for augmentative manipulation during play by children with severe motor impairments (CwSMI), and to explore how they influenced children's cognitive skills and engagement. METHODS Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed & EBSCO were systematically searched for articles published until March 2021, that reported cognitive skills and/or engagement outcomes from interventions involving the use of robots in play activities, where participants included CwSMI, and full-text was available. Data extracted comprised characteristics of participants, study design, purpose of the study, outcomes assessed, collection methods, and intervention carried out (robot-environment interaction and robot used). RESULTS Eight mobile robots and five robotic arms were reported in the 17 included and reviewed articles. Most of them informed a positive impact on CwSMI's cognitive skills and/or engagement. However, the studies scored poorly on a five-criteria quality assessment, and only one single-case design proved strong evidence of treatment. None of the analysed interventions was an evidence-based practice. CONCLUSION The use of manipulative robots during play activities may have a positive impact on the CwSMI's cognitive skills and engagement in activities. However, further studies with higher internal and external validity are needed to support stronger evidence.Implications for rehabilitationThe use of robots for augmentative manipulation during play activities may have a positive influence on the cognitive functions and the engagement in activities of children with severe motor impairments.Through manipulative robots, this population could be able to show the abilities that are hidden due to their motor impairments, and subsequently, receive educational and physical training more aligned with their real capacities and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martina Espín-Tello
- University of the Basque Country - Gipuzkoa Campus, Computer Architecture and Technology, Donostia, Spain
| | - Xabier Gardeazabal
- University of the Basque Country - Gipuzkoa Campus, Computer Architecture and Technology, Donostia, Spain
| | - Julio Abascal
- University of the Basque Country - Gipuzkoa Campus, Computer Architecture and Technology, Donostia, Spain
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Monardo G, Pavese C, Giorgi I, Godi M, Colombo R. Evaluation of Patient Motivation and Satisfaction During Technology-Assisted Rehabilitation: An Experiential Review. Games Health J 2021; 10:13-27. [DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2020.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Monardo
- Service of Psychology and Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavese
- Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ines Giorgi
- Service of Psychology and Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Godi
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Service of Bioengineering, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
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Yurkewich A, Kozak IJ, Hebert D, Wang RH, Mihailidis A. Hand Extension Robot Orthosis (HERO) Grip Glove: enabling independence amongst persons with severe hand impairments after stroke. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 32102668 PMCID: PMC7045638 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hand Extension Robot Orthosis (HERO) Grip Glove was iteratively designed to meet requests from therapists and persons after a stroke who have severe hand impairment to create a device that extends all five fingers, enhances grip strength and is portable, lightweight, easy to put on, comfortable and affordable. METHODS Eleven persons who have minimal or no active finger extension (Chedoke McMaster Stage of Hand 1-4) post-stroke were recruited to evaluate how well they could perform activities of daily living and finger function assessments with and without wearing the HERO Grip Glove. RESULTS The 11 participants showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.01), while wearing the HERO Grip Glove, in the water bottle grasp and manipulation task (increase of 2.3 points, SD 1.2, scored using the Chedoke Hand and Arm Inventory scale from 1 to 7) and in index finger extension (increase of 147o, SD 44) and range of motion (increase of 145o, SD 36). The HERO Grip Glove provided 12.7 N (SD 8.9 N) of grip force and 11.0 N (SD 4.8) of pinch force to their affected hands, which enabled those without grip strength to grasp and manipulate blocks, a fork and a water bottle, as well as write with a pen. The participants were 'more or less satisfied' with the HERO Grip Glove as an assistive device (average of 3.3 out of 5 on the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology 2.0 Scale). The highest satisfaction scores were given for safety and security (4.6) and ease of use (3.8) and the lowest satisfaction scores were given for ease of donning (2.3), which required under 5 min with assistance. The most common requests were for greater grip strength and a smaller glove size for small hands. CONCLUSIONS The HERO Grip Glove is a safe and effective tool for enabling persons with a stroke that have severe hand impairment to incorporate their affected hand into activities of daily living, which may motivate greater use of the affected upper extremity in daily life to stimulate neuromuscular recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Yurkewich
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- University Health Network - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - KITE, Toronto, Canada.
- Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Illya J Kozak
- University Health Network - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - KITE, Toronto, Canada
| | - Debbie Hebert
- University Health Network - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - KITE, Toronto, Canada
- Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rosalie H Wang
- University Health Network - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - KITE, Toronto, Canada
- Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Mihailidis
- University Health Network - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - KITE, Toronto, Canada
- Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
Smaller, smarter, more portable rehabilitation technology has the potential to improve the ability of individuals with cerebral palsy to perform activities and increase participation. Robotics and virtual reality may improve movement by maximizing exercise dose, providing feedback, and motivating users. Augmentative and alternative communication technology is facilitating communication. Robots can help with self-care and provide encouragement and instruction in rehabilitation programs. Mobile applications can provide education and resources. Conducting high-quality research to validate technological advances in our field has been a major focus of researchers and advocacy groups.
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Beaudoin M, Lettre J, Routhier F, Archambault PS, Lemay M, Gélinas I. Impacts of robotic arm use on individuals with upper extremity disabilities: A scoping review. The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2019; 85:397-407. [PMID: 30866682 DOI: 10.1177/0008417418820878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Robotic arms may help users perform various activities. Even though robotic arms are commercially available, their impacts are still poorly understood. PURPOSE. This scoping review aimed to identify the potential impacts of using robotic arms for individuals with upper-extremity disabilities and appraise the scientific quality of the selected studies. METHOD. A search for studies published between 1970 and 2016 was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Compendex, and Scopus. The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement was used to classify activities in which impacts were evaluated. The quality of each study was rated using McMaster University's critical review form for quantitative studies. FINDINGS. Thirty-six studies were reviewed, which evaluated self-care (21), productivity (33), and leisure (8). The short-term impacts were more commonly documented than long-term impacts. The impacts identified were mostly positive. The studies' mean quality score was 8.8/15. IMPLICATIONS. Additional studies with more rigorous conditions are needed to produce higher-quality scientific evidence of the long-term impacts of robotic arm use.
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A Systematic Review on Existing Measures for the Subjective Assessment of Rehabilitation and Assistive Robot Devices. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2016:1048964. [PMID: 27196802 PMCID: PMC5058569 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1048964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to identify and classify outcome measures currently used for the assessment of rehabilitation or assistive robot devices. We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, MEDLINE, CIRRIE, and Scopus databases for studies that assessed rehabilitation or assistive robot devices from 1980 through January 2016. In all, 31 articles met all inclusion criteria. Tailor-made questionnaires were the most commonly used tool at 66.7%, while the great majority (93.9%) of the studies used nonvalidated instruments. The study reveals the absence of a standard scale which makes it difficult to compare the results from different researchers. There is a great need, therefore, for a valid and reliable instrument to be available for use by the intended end users for the subjective assessment of robot devices. The study concludes by identifying two scales that have been validated in general assistive technology devices and could support the scope of subjective assessment in rehabilitation or assistive robots (however, with limited coverage) and a new one called PYTHEIA, recently published. The latter intends to close the gap and help researchers and developers to evaluate, assess, and produce products that satisfy the real needs of the end users.
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Bilyea A, Seth N, Nesathurai S, Abdullah HA. Robotic assistants in personal care: A scoping review. Med Eng Phys 2017; 49:1-6. [PMID: 28734874 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to present an overview of the technological advances in the field of robotics developed for assistance with activities of daily living (ADL), and to present areas where further research is required. Four databases were searched for articles presenting either a novel design of one of these personal care robotic system or trial results relating to these systems. Articles presenting nine different robotic personal care systems were examined, six of which had been developed after 2005. These six also all have publications relating to their trials. In the majority of trials, patient independence was improved with operation of the robotic device for a specific subset of ADL. A map of the current state of the field of personal care robotics is presented in this study. Areas requiring further research include improving feedback and awareness, as well as refining control methods and pre-programmed behaviors. Developing an affordable, easy to use system would help fill the current gap in the commercial market.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bilyea
- Robotics Institute, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - N Seth
- Robotics Institute, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Nesathurai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hamilton Health Sciences, St. Josephs Healthcare Hamilton; Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - H A Abdullah
- Robotics Institute, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Koumpouros Y, Karavasili A, Papageorgiou E, Siavelis P. Validation of the Greek version of the device subscale of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology 2.0 (QUEST 2.0). Assist Technol 2016; 28:152-8. [DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2015.1131758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Koumpouros
- Department of Informatics, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Aigaleo, Greece
| | | | - Effie Papageorgiou
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Aigaleo, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Siavelis
- Diaplasis Rehabilitation Hospital, Kalamata, Greece
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Aigaleo, Greece
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The Three Laws of Neurorobotics: A Review on What Neurorehabilitation Robots Should Do for Patients and Clinicians. J Med Biol Eng 2016; 36:1-11. [PMID: 27069459 PMCID: PMC4791450 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most studies and reviews on robots for neurorehabilitation focus on their effectiveness. These studies often report inconsistent results. This and many other reasons limit the credit given to these robots by therapists and patients. Further, neurorehabilitation is often still based on therapists' expertise, with competition among different schools of thought, generating substantial uncertainty about what exactly a neurorehabilitation robot should do. Little attention has been given to ethics. This review adopts a new approach, inspired by Asimov's three laws of robotics and based on the most recent studies in neurorobotics, for proposing new guidelines for designing and using robots for neurorehabilitation. We propose three laws of neurorobotics based on the ethical need for safe and effective robots, the redefinition of their role as therapist helpers, and the need for clear and transparent human-machine interfaces. These laws may allow engineers and clinicians to work closely together on a new generation of neurorobots.
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Dimbwadyo-Terrer I, Gil-Agudo A, Segura-Fragoso A, de los Reyes-Guzmán A, Trincado-Alonso F, Piazza S, Polonio-López B. Effectiveness of the Virtual Reality System Toyra on Upper Limb Function in People with Tetraplegia: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6397828. [PMID: 26885511 PMCID: PMC4739467 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6397828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a virtual reality program combined with conventional therapy in upper limb function in people with tetraplegia and to provide data about patients' satisfaction with the virtual reality system. Thirty-one people with subacute complete cervical tetraplegia participated in the study. Experimental group received 15 sessions with Toyra(®) virtual reality system for 5 weeks, 30 minutes/day, 3 days/week in addition to conventional therapy, while control group only received conventional therapy. All patients were assessed at baseline, after intervention, and at three-month follow-up with a battery of clinical, functional, and satisfaction scales. Control group showed significant improvements in the manual muscle test (p = 0,043, partial η (2) = 0,22) in the follow-up evaluation. Both groups demonstrated clinical, but nonsignificant, changes to their arm function in 4 of the 5 scales used. All patients showed a high level of satisfaction with the virtual reality system. This study showed that virtual reality added to conventional therapy produces similar results in upper limb function compared to only conventional therapy. Moreover, the gaming aspects incorporated in conventional rehabilitation appear to produce high motivation during execution of the assigned tasks. This trial is registered with EudraCT number 2015-002157-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Dimbwadyo-Terrer
- Occupational Thinks Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle (UAM), C/La Salle 10, 28023 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gil-Agudo
- Biomechanics and Technical Aids Department, National Hospital for Spinal Cord Injury, Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - A. Segura-Fragoso
- Health Sciences Institute, Avenida de Madrid s/n, Talavera de la Reina, 45600 Toledo, Spain
| | - A. de los Reyes-Guzmán
- Biomechanics and Technical Aids Department, National Hospital for Spinal Cord Injury, Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - F. Trincado-Alonso
- Biomechanics and Technical Aids Department, National Hospital for Spinal Cord Injury, Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - S. Piazza
- Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Polonio-López
- Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, Avenida Real Fábrica de Sedas s/n, Talavera de la Reina, 45600 Toledo, Spain
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13
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Hersh M. Overcoming Barriers and Increasing Independence – Service Robots for Elderly and Disabled People. INT J ADV ROBOT SYST 2015. [DOI: 10.5772/59230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper discusses the potential of assistive service robots to support disabled and elderly people. It shows that they have considerable untapped potential in this area, but also that inappropriate implementations could increase isolation, reduce independence and lead to users feeling as though they are under surveillance. The main body of the paper presents an overview of existing applications and discusses their benefits and potential problems. This is organized by an extension of the common classification into socially and physically assistive robots by the two categories of sensory assistive and mixed assistance robots. Another more detailed classification is also presented. This discussion is introduced by an overview of many of the technological components of smart mobile robots. It is followed by a discussion of user acceptance. The problems of existing models based on either solely positive or solely negative factors are noted and a model containing both types of factors is proposed. The need for continuing research is noted and various proposals are made.
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