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Webb KL, Gorman EK, Morkeberg OH, Klassen SA, Regimbal RJ, Wiggins CC, Joyner MJ, Hammer SM, Senefeld JW. The relationship between hemoglobin and [Formula: see text]: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292835. [PMID: 37824583 PMCID: PMC10569622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is widespread agreement about the key role of hemoglobin for oxygen transport. Both observational and interventional studies have examined the relationship between hemoglobin levels and maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) in humans. However, there exists considerable variability in the scientific literature regarding the potential relationship between hemoglobin and [Formula: see text]. Thus, we aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the diverse literature and examine the relationship between hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin concentration and mass) and [Formula: see text] (absolute and relative [Formula: see text]) among both observational and interventional studies. METHODS A systematic search was performed on December 6th, 2021. The study procedures and reporting of findings followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Article selection and data abstraction were performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Primary outcomes were hemoglobin levels and [Formula: see text] values (absolute and relative). For observational studies, meta-regression models were performed to examine the relationship between hemoglobin levels and [Formula: see text] values. For interventional studies, meta-analysis models were performed to determine the change in [Formula: see text] values (standard paired difference) associated with interventions designed to modify hemoglobin levels or [Formula: see text]. Meta-regression models were then performed to determine the relationship between a change in hemoglobin levels and the change in [Formula: see text] values. RESULTS Data from 384 studies (226 observational studies and 158 interventional studies) were examined. For observational data, there was a positive association between absolute [Formula: see text] and hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin concentration, hemoglobin mass, and hematocrit (P<0.001 for all)). Prespecified subgroup analyses demonstrated no apparent sex-related differences among these relationships. For interventional data, there was a positive association between the change of absolute [Formula: see text] (standard paired difference) and the change in hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin concentration (P<0.0001) and hemoglobin mass (P = 0.006)). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that [Formula: see text] values are closely associated with hemoglobin levels among both observational and interventional studies. Although our findings suggest a lack of sex differences in these relationships, there were limited studies incorporating females or stratifying results by biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Webb
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ellen K. Gorman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Olaf H. Morkeberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Klassen
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riley J. Regimbal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Chad C. Wiggins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shane M. Hammer
- Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jonathon W. Senefeld
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Knudsen NH, Stanya KJ, Hyde AL, Chalom MM, Alexander RK, Liou YH, Starost KA, Gangl MR, Jacobi D, Liu S, Sopariwala DH, Fonseca-Pereira D, Li J, Hu FB, Garrett WS, Narkar VA, Ortlund EA, Kim JH, Paton CM, Cooper JA, Lee CH. Interleukin-13 drives metabolic conditioning of muscle to endurance exercise. Science 2020; 368:368/6490/eaat3987. [PMID: 32355002 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Repeated bouts of exercise condition muscle mitochondria to meet increased energy demand-an adaptive response associated with improved metabolic fitness. We found that the type 2 cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) is induced in exercising muscle, where it orchestrates metabolic reprogramming that preserves glycogen in favor of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Exercise training-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, running endurance, and beneficial glycemic effects were lost in Il13-/- mice. By contrast, enhanced muscle IL-13 signaling was sufficient to increase running distance, glucose tolerance, and mitochondrial activity similar to the effects of exercise training. In muscle, IL-13 acts through both its receptor IL-13Rα1 and the transcription factor Stat3. The genetic ablation of either of these downstream effectors reduced running capacity in mice. Thus, coordinated immunological and physiological responses mediate exercise-elicited metabolic adaptations that maximize muscle fuel economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson H Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristopher J Stanya
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander L Hyde
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mayer M Chalom
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan K Alexander
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yae-Huei Liou
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyle A Starost
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew R Gangl
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Jacobi
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sihao Liu
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danesh H Sopariwala
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diogo Fonseca-Pereira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vihang A Narkar
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan H Kim
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Martin TD, Green MS, Whitehead MT, Scheett TP, Webster MJ, Hudson GM. Six weeks of oral Echinacea purpurea supplementation does not enhance the production of serum erythropoietin or erythropoietic status in recreationally active males with above-average aerobic fitness. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:791-795. [PMID: 30608872 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of oral Echinacea purpurea supplementation on serum erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoietic status. Twenty-four males (mean ± SE; age = 25.2 ± 1.4 years, height = 178.1 ± 1.4 cm, body mass = 78.1 ± 1.6 kg, body fat = 12.7 ± 0.9%, maximal oxygen uptake = 52.9 ± 0.9 mL·kg-1·min-1) were randomly grouped using a matched-pair, double-blind design and self-administered 8000 mg·day-1 of either E. purpurea (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12) for 42 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected prior to supplementation (day 0) and every 2 weeks during the supplementation period (days 14, 28, and 42) and were analyzed for EPO, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Separate 2 × 4 (group × time) factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on time were used to determine statistical differences with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. There were no significant interaction, group, or time effects observed for EPO or erythropoietic status markers for any of the measurement points (p ≤ 0.05). The present study indicated that 6 weeks of oral E. purpurea supplementation in recreationally active males with above average aerobic fitness did not enhance EPO or erythropoietic status. These findings are in contrast with previous reports of E. purpurea supplementation in untrained participants with average fitness levels, but consistent with observations in trained endurance athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Martin
- a Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082, USA
| | - Michael S Green
- a Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082, USA
| | - Malcolm T Whitehead
- b Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA
| | - Timothy P Scheett
- c Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Michael J Webster
- d College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Hudson
- e Department of Health, Kinesiology, & Sport, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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Baumann CW, Kwak D. Echinacea Supplementation: Does it Really Improve Aerobic Fitness? J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:1-6. [PMID: 27757381 PMCID: PMC5067421 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.09.20.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Echinacea is an herbal supplement used by endurance athletes for its performance boosting properties. It is thought that Echinacea improves the blood's oxygen carrying capacity by increasing production of erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein that regulates red blood cell formation. Subsequently, these changes would lead to an overall improvement in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and running economy (RE), two markers of aerobic fitness. The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss the physiological variables associated with distance running performance and how these variables are influenced by Echinacea supplementation. METHODS To determine Echinacea's ergogenic potential, human studies that used Echinacea in conjunction to analyzing the blood's oxygen carrying capacity and/or aerobic fitness were assessed. RESULTS Taken together, the majority of the published literature does not support the claim that Echinacea is a beneficial ergogenic aid. With the exception of one study, several independent groups have reported Echinacea supplementation does not increase EPO production, blood markers of oxygen transport, VO2max or RE in healthy untrained or trained subjects. CONCLUSION To date, the published literature does not support the use of Echinacea as an ergogenic aid to improve aerobic fitness in healthy untrained or trained subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory W. Baumann
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MinnesotaUSA
| | - Dongmin Kwak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MinnesotaUSA
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