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Ahmad S, Rahman H, Mumtaz S, Qasim M, Rahman ZU, Alsuwat MA, Halawani IF, Alzahrani FM, Ali S. mecA and fdh: markers of pathogenicity and commensalism in Staphylococcus epidermidis of pediatric origin from Pakistan. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116109. [PMID: 37918188 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen. The study screened isolates of S. epidermidis of pediatric origin for genetic markers of discriminatory potential. 103 isolates (n = 75 clinical; n = 28 community) were screened for methicillin resistance (mecA), formate dehydrogenase (fdh) and an array of virulence factors through multiplex PCR and Congo red assay. The isolates were typed in four distinct categories, based on the presence of selected virulent factors. The type A clinical isolates carrying icaADBC operon (n = 22; 29.3%, P = 0.117) were not significantly differentiating the origin of isolates. The type B clinical isolates representing methicillin resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) (n = 73; 97.3%, P < 0.00001) and the type C clinical isolates lacking formate dehydrogenase fdh (n = 62; 82.6%, P < 0.00001) were having significant discriminatory potential of clinical isolates, respectively. All type D community isolates were carrying fdh (n = 28; 100%, P < 0.00001). MecA and fdh are significant differential markers of pathogenicity and commensalism in S. epidermidis of pediatric origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hazir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Sumbal Mumtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Rajaei M, Moosavy MH, Gharajalar SN, Khatibi SA. Antibiotic resistance in the pathogenic foodborne bacteria isolated from raw kebab and hamburger: phenotypic and genotypic study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:272. [PMID: 34615465 PMCID: PMC8495966 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, interest in the consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) food products has been increased in many countries. However, RTE products particularly those prepared by meat may be potential vehicles of antibiotic-resistance foodborne pathogens. Considering kebab and hamburger are the most popular RTE meat products in Iran, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of common foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) in raw kebab and hamburger samples collected from fast-food centers and restaurants. Therefore, total bacterial count (TBC), as well as the prevalence rates and antibiogram patterns of foodborne pathogens in the samples were investigated. Also, the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes (blaSHV, blaTEM,blaZ, and mecA) was studied in the isolates by PCR. Results The mean value of TBC in raw kebab and hamburger samples was 6.72 ± 0.68 log CFU/g and 6.64 ± 0.66 log CFU/g, respectively. E. coli had the highest prevalence rate among the investigated pathogenic bacteria in kebab (70%) and hamburger samples (48%). Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus were also recovered from 58, 50, and 36% of kebab samples, respectively. The contamination of hamburger samples was detected to S. aureus (22%), L. monocytogenes (22%), and Salmonella spp. (10%). In the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, all isolates exhibited high rates of antibiotic resistance, particularly against amoxicillin, penicillin, and cefalexin (79.66–100%). The blaTEM was the most common resistant gene in the isolates of E. coli (52.54%) and Salmonella spp. (44.11%). Fourteen isolates (23.72%) of E. coli and 10 isolates (29.41%) of Salmonella spp. were positive for blaSHV. Also, 16 isolates (55.17%) of S. aureus and 10 isolates (27.27%) of L. monocytogenes were positive for mecA gene. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that raw kebab and hamburger are potential carriers of antibiotic-resistance pathogenic bacteria, which can be a serious threat to public health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02326-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rajaei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir-Hassan Moosavy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sahar Nouri Gharajalar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Khatibi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Hajikhani B, Goudarzi M, Kakavandi S, Amini S, Zamani S, van Belkum A, Goudarzi H, Dadashi M. The global prevalence of fusidic acid resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:75. [PMID: 33933162 PMCID: PMC8088720 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common pathogens causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections with high morbidity and mortality rates. Fusidic acid has been increasingly used for the treatment of infections due to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The present study aimed to determine the precise prevalence of fusidic acid resistant MRSA (FRMRSA), fusidic acid resistant MSSA (FRMSSA), and total fusidic acid resistant S. aureus (FRSA) on a global scale. METHODS Several international databases including Medline, Embase, and the Web of Sciences were searched (2000-2020) to discern studies addressing the prevalence of FRSA, FRMRSA, and FRMSSA. STATA (version14) software was used to interpret the data. RESULTS Of the 1446 records identified from the databases, 215 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria for the detection of FRSA (208 studies), FRMRSA (143 studies), and FRMSSA (71 studies). The analyses manifested that the global prevalence of FRSA, FRMRSA, and FRMSSA was 0.5%, 2.6% and 6.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis describes an increasing incidence of FRSA, FRMSSA, and FRMRSA. These results indicate the need for prudent prescription of fusidic acid to stop or diminish the incidence of fusidic acid resistance as well as the development of strategies for monitoring the efficacy of fusidic acid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Kakavandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Amini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Unit, bioMérieux 3, Route de Port Michaud, La Balme Les Grottes, France
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Guan H, Dong W, Lu Y, Jiang M, Zhang D, Aobuliaximu Y, Dong J, Niu Y, Liu Y, Guan B, Tang J, Lu S. Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pathogenic Bacteria in Patients With Chronic Cutaneous Wounds in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:609584. [PMID: 33816517 PMCID: PMC8010674 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.609584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To determine the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria in patients with chronic cutaneous wounds on a national scale. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the data recorded between January 1, 2018 and January1, 2020 in 195 hospitals across China. After screening the data, 815 patients with chronic wounds were finally analyzed. The data collected included information about the patients' general condition and local cutaneous wound assessments, especially microbial culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The analyses were performed using SPSS Version 26. Results: The study included 815 patients (290 [35.6%] females; 63 [50-74] years). The most common causes of chronic cutaneous wounds were diabetes (183, 22.5%), infection (178, 21.8%), and pressure (140, 17.2%). Among these, 521(63.9%) samples tested yielded microbial growth, including 70 (13.4%) polymicrobial infection and 451 (86.6%) monomicrobial infection. The positive rate of microbial culture was highest in wound tissue of ulcers caused by infection (87.6%), followed by pressure (77.1%), diabetes (68.3%), and venous diseases (67.7%). Bates-Jensen wound assessment tool (BWAT) scores >25 and wounds that lasted for more than 3 months had a higher positive rate of microbial culture. BWAT scores >25 and wounds in the rump, perineum, and feet were more likely to exhibit polymicrobial infection. A total of 600 strains were isolated, of which 46.2% (277 strains) were Gram-positive bacteria, 51.3% (308 strains) were Gram-negative bacteria, and 2.5% (15 strains) were fungi. The most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (29.2%), Escherichia coli (11.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.0%), Proteus mirabilis (8.0%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.8%). The susceptibility tests showed that 116 cultured bacteria were Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. The resistance rates of S. aureus were 92.0% (161/175) to penicillin, 58.3% (102/175) to erythromycin, and 50.9% (89/175) to clindamycin. Vancomycin was the most effective antibiotic (0% resistance rate) against all Gram-positive bacteria. Besides, the resistance rates of E. coli were 68.1% (47/69) to ampicillin, 68.1% (47/69) to ciprofloxacin, 60.9% (42/69) to levofloxacin. However, all the isolated Gram-negative bacteria showed low resistance rates to tigecycline (3.9%) and amikacin (3.6%). Conclusions: The distribution of bacteria isolated from chronic cutaneous wounds varies with the BWAT scores, causes, duration, and the location of wounds. Multidrug resistance is a serious health issue, and therefore antibiotics used in chronic wounds must be under strict regulation. Our findings may help clinicians in making informed decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Guan
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yechen Lu
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minfei Jiang
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakupu Aobuliaximu
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyun Dong
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Niu
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingkai Liu
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Guan
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Tang
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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