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Sadek NL, Costa BA, Nath K, Mailankody S. CAR T-Cell Therapy for Multiple Myeloma: A Clinical Practice-Oriented Review. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 114:1184-1195. [PMID: 37750399 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Two BCMA-directed CAR T-cell products - idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) - have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for patients with relapsed/refractory MM who underwent four or more prior lines of therapy (including an immunomodulatory agent, a proteasome inhibitor, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody). Despite producing unprecedented response rates in an otherwise difficult to treat patient population, CAR T-cell therapies are commonly associated with immune-related adverse events (e.g., cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity), cytopenias, and infections. Moreover, many patients continue to exhibit relapse post-treatment, with resistance mechanisms yet to be fully understood. Ongoing basic, translational, and clinical research efforts are poised to generate deeper insights into the optimal utilization of these therapies, improve their efficacy, minimize associated toxicity, and identify new target antigens in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Layla Sadek
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruno Almeida Costa
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karthik Nath
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Xing Y, Yasinjan F, Du Y, Geng H, Zhang Y, He M, Guo R, Yang L, Cui J, Mu D, Liu Z, Wang H. Immunotherapy in cervical cancer: From the view of scientometric analysis and clinical trials. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094437. [PMID: 36817443 PMCID: PMC9935705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Current treatment for patients with advanced cervical cancer is limited. And in the urgent demand for novel effective therapies both as the first and the second line treatment for these patients, immunotherapy is developing fast and has made some achievements. Methods This study incorporated 1,255 topic-related articles and reviews from 1999 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The WoS platform, Citespace, and VOS viewer provided the annual distribution of publications and citations, the analysis of researching countries and institutions, references, keywords (co-occurrence analysis, burst analysis, and timeline view analysis), and researching authors, respectively. For clinical trials, 720 trials and 114 trials from ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP were retrieved, respectively. And 296 trials were finally incorporated into the analysis. Results The scientometric analysis showed that the study of immunotherapies in cervical cancer developed fast in recent years. Most publications were from the United States, followed by China. Seven of the top 10 co-cited references belong to clinical trials, and five of them were published in recent five years. There are lots of clinical trials us specific treatment patterns, some of which have represented excellent effects. Conclusions Both the scientometric analysis of the 1,255 publications and the analysis of clinical trials showed that the field of immunotherapies in cervical cancer developed so fast in recent years. It was found that a lot of clinical trials using various immunotherapies (mainly vaccine therapy, adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, and antibody-drug conjugate) for advanced cervical cancer are currently ongoing or have represented considerable effect. Centered in immunotherapies, immune checkpoint blockades have represented great efficacy and huge potential, especially combined with other therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xing
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feroza Yasinjan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajie Du
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huayue Geng
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghua He
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayue Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Mu
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziling Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Barshidi A, Karpisheh V, Noukabadi FK, Kiani FK, Mohammadi M, Afsharimanesh N, Ebrahimi F, Kiaie SH, Navashenaq JG, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Zolbanin NM, Mahmoodpoor A, Hassannia H, Nami S, Jalali P, Jafari R, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Dual Blockade of PD-1 and LAG3 Immune Checkpoints Increases Dendritic Cell Vaccine Mediated T Cell Responses in Breast Cancer Model. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1851-1866. [PMID: 35715669 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing the efficiency of unsuccessful immunotherapy methods is one of the most important research fields. Therefore, the use of combination therapy is considered as one of the ways to increase the effectiveness of the dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. In this study, the inhibition of immune checkpoint receptors such as LAG3 and PD-1 on T cells was investigated to increase the efficiency of T cells in response to the DC vaccine. METHODS We used trimethyl chitosan-dextran sulfate-lactate (TMC-DS-L) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with siRNA molecules to quench the PD-1 and LAG3 checkpoints' expression. RESULTS Appropriate physicochemical characteristics of the generated NPs led to efficient inhibition of LAG3 and PD-1 on T cells, which was associated with increased survival and activity of T cells, ex vivo. Also, treating mice with established breast tumors (4T1) using NPs loaded with siRNA molecules in combination with DC vaccine pulsed with tumor lysate significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased survival in mice. These ameliorative effects were associated with increased anti-tumor T cell responses and downregulation of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment and spleen. CONCLUSION These findings strongly suggest that TMC-DS-L NPs loaded with siRNA could act as a novel tool in inhibiting the expression of immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment. Also, combination therapy based on inhibition of PD-1 and LAG3 in combination with DC vaccine is an effective method in treating cancer that needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Barshidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fariba Karoon Kiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Advanced Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, , Iran
| | - Negin Afsharimanesh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Farbod Ebrahimi
- Nanoparticle Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Bioclinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Naime Majidi Zolbanin
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center,, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, , Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Imam Reza Medical Research & Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sanam Nami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pooya Jalali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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Nikoo M, Rudiansyah M, Bokov DO, Jainakbaev N, Suksatan W, Ansari MJ, Thangavelu L, Chupradit S, Zamani A, Adili A, Shomali N, Akbari M. Potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected immune cells in breast cancer therapies: Recent advances. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4137-4156. [PMID: 35762299 PMCID: PMC9344815 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial developments in conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular-targeted therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected immune cell therapy has emerged as an innovative immunotherapeutic approach to ameliorate survival rates of breast cancer patients by eliciting cytotoxic activity against cognate tumour-associated antigens expressing tumour cells. As a crucial component of adaptive immunity, T cells and NK cells, as the central innate immune cells, are two types of pivotal candidates for CAR engineering in treating solid malignancies. However, the biological distinctions between NK cells- and T cells lead to differences in cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Likewise, optimal breast cancer removal via CAR-redirected immune cells requires detecting safe target antigens, improving CAR structure for ideal immune cell functions, promoting CAR-redirected immune cells filtration to the tumour microenvironment (TME), and increasing the ability of these engineered cells to persist and retain within the immunosuppressive TME. This review provides a concise overview of breast cancer pathogenesis and its hostile TME. We focus on the CAR-T and CAR-NK cells and discuss their significant differences. Finally, we deliver a summary based on recent advancements in the therapeutic capability of CAR-T and CAR-NK cells in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mohammad Rudiansyah
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Lambung Mangkurat / Ulin HospitalBanjarmasinIndonesia
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of PharmacySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryFederal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food SafetyMoscowRussian Federation
| | | | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical ScienceChulabhorn Royal AcademyBangkokThailand
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl‐kharjSaudi Arabia
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical ScienceSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Amir Zamani
- Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina HospitalShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ali Adili
- Department of OncologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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5
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Akbari J, Saeedi M, Ahmadi F, Hashemi SMH, Babaei A, Yaddollahi S, Rostamkalaei SS, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: A review of the methods of manufacture and routes of administration. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:525-544. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2084554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sadra Yaddollahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Sohrab Rostamkalaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Iran, Amol.
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutical Research laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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6
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Shojaei Baghini S, Gardanova ZR, Abadi SAH, Zaman BA, İlhan A, Shomali N, Adili A, Moghaddar R, Yaseri AF. CRISPR/Cas9 application in cancer therapy: a pioneering genome editing tool. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:35. [PMID: 35508982 PMCID: PMC9066929 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of genetic engineering in the 1970s brought about a paradigm shift in genome editing technology. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is a flexible means to target and modify particular DNA sequences in the genome. Several applications of CRISPR/Cas9 are presently being studied in cancer biology and oncology to provide vigorous site-specific gene editing to enhance its biological and clinical uses. CRISPR's flexibility and ease of use have enabled the prompt achievement of almost any preferred alteration with greater efficiency and lower cost than preceding modalities. Also, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has recently been applied to improve the safety and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies and defeat tumor cell resistance to conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The current review summarizes the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer therapy. We also discuss the present obstacles and contemplate future possibilities in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shojaei Baghini
- Plant Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhanna R. Gardanova
- Department of Psychotherapy, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova St., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Saeme Azizi Hassan Abadi
- Department of Nursery and Midwifery, Faculty of Laboratory Science, Islamic Azad University of Chalous, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Burhan Abdullah Zaman
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmet İlhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Adili
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Roozbeh Moghaddar
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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7
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Dai X, Li J, Chen Y, Ostrikov KK. When Onco-Immunotherapy Meets Cold Atmospheric Plasma: Implications on CAR-T Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837995. [PMID: 35280746 PMCID: PMC8905244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) have demonstrated its widespread efficacy as a targeted immunotherapeutic modality. Yet, concerns on its specificity, efficacy and generalization prevented it from being established into a first-line approach against cancers. By reviewing challenges limiting its clinical application, ongoing efforts trying to resolve them, and opportunities that emerging oncotherapeutic modalities may bring to temper these challenges, we conclude that careful CAR design should be done to avoid the off-tumor effect, enhance the efficacy of solid tumor treatment, improve product comparability, and resolve problems such as differential efficacies of co-stimulatory molecules, cytokine storm, tumor lysis syndrome, myelosuppression and severe hepatotoxicity. As a promising solution, we propose potential synergies between CAR-T therapies and cold atmospheric plasma, an emerging onco-therapeutic strategy relying on reactive species, towards improved therapeutic efficacies and enhanced safety that deserve extensive investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,CAPsoul Biotechnology Company, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jitian Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Provincial Orthopedic Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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8
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Wang L, Chen Y, Liu X, Li Z, Dai X. The Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Problems. Front Oncol 2022; 11:704999. [PMID: 35111663 PMCID: PMC8801488 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.704999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of disease-related deaths in the world. Although cancer treatment strategies have been improved in recent years, the survival time of cancer patients is still far from satisfied. Cancer immunotherapy, such as Oncolytic virotherapy, Immune checkpoints inhibition, Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy and macrophages genomic modification, has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy for different kinds of cancer. However, many patients do not respond to the cancer immunotherapy which warrants further investigation to optimize this strategy. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), as a versatile genome engineering tool, has become popular in the biology research field and it was also applied to optimize tumor immunotherapy. Moreover, CRISPR-based high-throughput screening can be used in the study of immunomodulatory drug resistance mechanism. In this review, we summarized the development as well as the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the cancer immunotherapy and discussed the potential problems that may be caused by this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai,
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9
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Adibfar S, Elveny M, Kashikova HS, Mikhailova MV, Farhangnia P, Vakili-Samiani S, Tarokhian H, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of EZH2 in breast cancer. Life Sci 2021; 286:120047. [PMID: 34653429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high occurrence and mortality rate, breast cancer has been studied from various aspects as one of the cancer field's hot topics in the last decade. Epigenetic alterations are spoused to be highly effective in breast cancer development. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an enzymatic epi-protein that takes part in most vital cell functions by its different action modes. EZH2 is suggested to be dysregulated in specific breast cancer types, particularly in advanced stages. Mounting evidence revealed that EZH2 overexpression or dysfunction affects the pathophysiology of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss biological aspects of the EZH2 molecule with a focus on its newly identified action mechanisms. We also highlight how EZH2 plays an essential role in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and invasion, which emerged as a worthy target for treating breast cancer in different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Adibfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marischa Elveny
- DS & CI Research Group, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Advanced Cellular Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Vakili-Samiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tarokhian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Integrated Medicine and Aging Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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10
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Miazek-Zapala N, Slusarczyk A, Kusowska A, Zapala P, Kubacz M, Winiarska M, Bobrowicz M. The "Magic Bullet" Is Here? Cell-Based Immunotherapies for Hematological Malignancies in the Twilight of the Chemotherapy Era. Cells 2021; 10:1511. [PMID: 34203935 PMCID: PMC8232692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of a plethora of different anti-neoplastic approaches including standard chemotherapy, molecularly targeted small-molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and finally hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), there is still a need for novel therapeutic options with the potential to cure hematological malignancies. Although nowadays HSCT already offers a curative effect, its implementation is largely limited by the age and frailty of the patient. Moreover, its efficacy in combating the malignancy with graft-versus-tumor effect frequently coexists with undesirable graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Therefore, it seems that cell-based adoptive immunotherapies may constitute optimal strategies to be successfully incorporated into the standard therapeutic protocols. Thus, modern cell-based immunotherapy may finally represent the long-awaited "magic bullet" against cancer. However, enhancing the safety and efficacy of this treatment regimen still presents many challenges. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date state of the art concerning the use of CAR-T cells and NK-cell-based immunotherapies in hemato-oncology, identify possible obstacles, and delineate further perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Miazek-Zapala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Aleksander Slusarczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kusowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Piotr Zapala
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Matylda Kubacz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Malgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
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11
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Izadi S, Nikkhoo A, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Namdar A, Azizi G, Mohammadi H, Yousefi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. CDK1 in Breast Cancer: Implications for Theranostic Potential. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:758-767. [PMID: 32013835 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200203125712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has been identified as one of the main cancer-related deaths among women during some last decades. Recent advances in the introduction of novel potent anti-cancer therapeutics in association with early detection methods led to a decrease in the mortality rate of breast cancer. However, the scenario of breast cancer is yet going on and further improvements in the current anti-cancer therapeutic approaches are needed. Several factors are present in the tumor microenvironment which help to cancer progression and suppression of anti-tumor responses. Targeting these cancer-promoting factors in the tumor microenvironment has been suggested as a potent immunotherapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Among the various tumorsupporting factors, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are proposed as a novel promising target for cancer therapy. These factors in association with cyclins play a key role in cell cycle progression. Dysregulation of CDKs which leads to increased cell proliferation has been identified in various cancers, such as breast cancer. Accordingly, the development and use of CDK-inhibitors have been associated with encouraging results in the treatment of breast cancer. However, it is unknown that the inhibition of which CDK is the most effective strategy for breast cancer therapy. Since the selective blockage of CDK1 alone or in combination with other therapeutics has been associated with potent anti-cancer outcomes, it is suggested that CDK1 may be considered as the best CDK target for breast cancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss the role of CDK1 in breast cancer progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Izadi
- 1Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Nikkhoo
- 1Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Bioclinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Ferrall L, Lin KY, Roden RBS, Hung CF, Wu TC. Cervical Cancer Immunotherapy: Facts and Hopes. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4953-4973. [PMID: 33888488 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is a sad fact that despite being almost completely preventable through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening, cervical cancer remains the fourth most common cancer to affect women worldwide. Persistent high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection is the primary etiologic factor for cervical cancer. Upward of 70% of cases are driven by HPV types 16 and 18, with a dozen other hrHPVs associated with the remainder of cases. Current standard-of-care treatments include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgical resection. However, they have significant side effects and limited efficacy against advanced disease. There are a few treatment options for recurrent or metastatic cases. Immunotherapy offers new hope, as demonstrated by the recent approval of programmed cell death protein 1-blocking antibody for recurrent or metastatic disease. This might be augmented by combination with antigen-specific immunotherapy approaches, such as vaccines or adoptive cell transfer, to enhance the host cellular immune response targeting HPV-positive cancer cells. As cervical cancer progresses, it can foster an immunosuppressive microenvironment and counteract host anticancer immunity. Thus, approaches to reverse suppressive immune environments and bolster effector T-cell functioning are likely to enhance the success of such cervical cancer immunotherapy. The success of nonspecific immunostimulants like imiquimod against genital warts also suggest the possibility of utilizing these immunotherapeutic strategies in cervical cancer prevention to treat precursor lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) and persistent hrHPV infections against which the licensed prophylactic HPV vaccines have no efficacy. Here, we review the progress and challenges in the development of immunotherapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ferrall
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ken Y Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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The role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer. Life Sci 2021; 284:119132. [PMID: 33513396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite developments in the treatment of various cancers, prostate cancer is one of the deadliest diseases known to men. Systemic therapies such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have not been very successful in treating this disease. Numerous studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between cancer progression and inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses that can lead to progression of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. Interestingly, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells significantly accumulate and increase in draining lymph nodes and PBMCs of patients with prostate cancer and other solid tumors. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Tregs can suppress anti-tumor responses, which is directly related to the increased risk of cancer recurrence. Tregs are essential for preserving self-tolerance and inhibiting extra immune responses harmful to the host. Since the tumor-related antigens are mainly self-antigens, Tregs could play a major role in tumor progression. Accordingly, it has discovered that prostate cancer patients with higher Tregs have poor prognosis and low survival rates. However, anti-tumor responses can be reinforced by suppression of Tregs with using monoclonal antibodies against CD25 and CTLA-4. Therefore, depleting Tregs or suppressing their functions could be one of the effective ways for prostate cancer immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of Treg cells in the progression of prostate cancer and to evaluate effective strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer by regulating Treg cells.
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14
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Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T Cell Therapy for the Management of Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020640. [PMID: 33440664 PMCID: PMC7826945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a vast clinical spectrum from the hormone-sensitive setting to castration-resistant metastatic disease. Thus, chemotherapy regimens and the administration of androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents for advanced PCa have shown limited therapeutic efficacy. Scientific advances in the field of molecular medicine and technological developments over the last decade have paved the path for immunotherapy to become an essential clinical modality for the treatment of patients with metastatic PCa. However, several immunotherapeutic agents have shown poor outcomes in patients with advanced disease, possibly due to the low PCa mutational burden. Adoptive cellular approaches utilizing chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) targeting cancer-specific antigens would be a solution for circumventing the immune tolerance mechanisms. The immunotherapeutic regimen of CAR-T cell therapy has shown potential in the eradication of hematologic malignancies, and current clinical objectives maintain the equivalent efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors, including PCa. This review will explore the current modalities of CAR-T therapy in the disease spectrum of PCa while describing key limitations of this immunotherapeutic approach and discuss future directions in the application of immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic PCa and patients with advanced disease.
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15
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Ghasemi-Chaleshtari M, Kiaie SH, Irandoust M, Karami H, Nabi Afjadi M, Ghani S, Aghaei Vanda N, Ghaderi Sede MJ, Ahmadi A, Masjedi A, Hassannia H, Atyabi F, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Namdar A, Ghalamfarsa G, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Concomitant blockade of A2AR and CTLA-4 by siRNA-loaded polyethylene glycol-chitosan-alginate nanoparticles synergistically enhances antitumor T-cell responses. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:10068-10080. [PMID: 32488862 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules are important immunosuppressive factors in a tumor microenvironment (TME). They can robustly suppress T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses leading to cancer progression. Among the checkpoint molecules, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) is one of the critical inhibitors of anticancer T-cell responses. Besides, the expression of adenosine receptor (A2AR) on tumor-infiltrating T cells potently reduces their function. We hypothesized that concomitant silencing of these molecules in T cells might lead to enhanced antitumor responses. To examine this assumption, we purified T cells from the tumor, spleen, and local lymph nodes of CT26 colon cancer-bearing mice and suppressed the expression of A2AR and CTLA-4 using the small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded polyethylene glycol-chitosan-alginate (PCA) nanoparticles. The appropriate physicochemical properties of the produced nanoparticles (NPs; size of 72 nm, polydispersive index [PDI] < 0.2, and zeta potential of 11 mV) resulted in their high efficiency in transfection and suppression of target gene expression. Following the silencing of checkpoint molecules, various T-cell functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine secretion, differentiation, and cytotoxicity were analyzed, ex vivo. The results showed that the generated nanoparticles had optimal physicochemical characteristics and significantly suppressed the expression of target molecules in T cells. Moreover, a concomitant blockade of A2AR and CTLA-4 in T cells could synergistically enhance antitumor responses through the downregulation of PKA, SHP2, and PP2Aα signaling pathways. Therefore, this combination therapy can be considered as a novel promising anticancer therapeutic strategy, which should be further investigated in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Ghasemi-Chaleshtari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahzad Irandoust
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadis Karami
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ghani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Aghaei Vanda
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ghaderi Sede
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Ali Masjedi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Immune Checkpoints and CAR-T Cells: The Pioneers in Future Cancer Therapies? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218305. [PMID: 33167514 PMCID: PMC7663909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the ever-increasing number of cancer patients pose substantial challenges worldwide, finding a treatment with the highest response rate and the lowest number of side effects is still undergoing research. Compared to chemotherapy, the relatively low side effects of cancer immunotherapy have provided ample opportunity for immunotherapy to become a promising approach for patients with malignancy. However, the clinical translation of immune-based therapies requires robust anti-tumoral immune responses. Immune checkpoints have substantial roles in the induction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tolerance against tumor antigens. Identifying and targeting these inhibitory axes, which can be established between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, can facilitate the development of anti-tumoral immune responses. Bispecific T-cell engagers, which can attract lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment, have also paved the road for immunological-based tumor elimination. The development of CAR-T cells and their gene editing have brought ample opportunity to recognize tumor antigens, independent from immune checkpoints and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Indeed, there have been remarkable advances in developing various CAR-T cells to target tumoral cells. Knockout of immune checkpoints via gene editing in CAR-T cells might be designated for a breakthrough for patients with malignancy. In the midst of this fast progress in cancer immunotherapies, there is a need to provide up-to-date information regarding immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells. Therefore, this review aims to provide recent findings of immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells in cancer immunotherapy and discuss the pertained clinical trials.
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17
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Yuan X, Sun Z, Yuan Q, Hou W, Liang Q, Wang Y, Mo W, Wang H, Yu M. Dual-function chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting c-Met and PD-1 exhibit potent anti-tumor efficacy in solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:34-51. [PMID: 32772342 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which is upregulated under the continuous induction of the tumor microenvironment, causes chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell hypofunction via interaction with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). This study aimed to construct CAR-T cells that are resistant to PD-1 inhibition to improve the effect of CAR-T cells in solid tumors. Methods We constructed a type of dual-function CAR-T cell that targets tumor-associated antigen c-Met and blocks the binding of PD-1 with PD-L1. The expression of c-Met, PD-L1, and inhibitory receptors was measured using flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity, cytokine release, and differentiation level of CAR-T cells were determined using lactate dehydrogenase release assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The levels of p-Akt, p-MAPK, caspase-3, and Bcl2 were detected by western blot. The in vivo anti-tumor effect was evaluated using tumor xenograft models. Results Dual-function CAR-T cells could mediate enhanced active signals upon encountering target antigens and had targeted cytotoxicity to target cells. However, the cytotoxicity of c-Met-CAR-PD-1+ T cells was impaired due to the interaction of PD-1 with PD-L1. By blocking the binding of PD-1 and PD-L1, the novel dual-function CAR-PD-1+ T cells could maintain cytotoxicity to PD-L1+ tumor cells. In tumor tissue, the dual-function CAR-T cells showed lower inhibitory receptor expression and lower differentiation characteristics, which resulted in potent anti-tumor effects and prolonged survival in PD-L1+ tumor xenograft models compared to single-target CAR-T cells. Conclusion These results confirm that the novel dual-function CAR-T cells exhibit stronger anti-tumor activity against solid tumors than traditional single-target CAR-T cells and present a new approach that enhance the activity of CAR-T cells in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zujun Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qingyun Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Hashemi V, Ahmadi A, Malakotikhah F, Chaleshtari MG, Baghi Moornani M, Masjedi A, Sojoodi M, Atyabi F, Nikkhoo A, Rostami N, Baradaran B, Azizi G, Yousefi B, Ghalamfarsa G, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Silencing of p68 and STAT3 synergistically diminishes cancer progression. Life Sci 2020; 249:117499. [PMID: 32142763 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Since several factors are involved in the tumorigenesis process, targeting only one factor most probably cannot overwhelm cancer progression. Therefore, it seems that combination therapy through targeting more than one cancer-related factor may lead to cancer control. The expression and function of p68 (DDX5; DEAD-Box Helicase 5) are dysregulated in various cancers. P68 is also a co-activator of many oncogenic transcription factors such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), which contributes to cancer progression. This close connection between p68 and STAT3 plays an important role in the growth and development of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We decided to suppress the p68/STAT3 axis in various cancer cells by using Polyethylene glycol-trimethyl Chitosan-Hyaluronic acid (PEG-TMC-HA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with siRNA molecules. We assessed the impact of this combination therapy on apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth, both in vitro and in vivo. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that siRNA-loaded NPs notably suppressed the expression of p68/STAT3 axis in cancer cells, which was associated with blockade of tumor growth, colony formation, angiogenesis, and cancer cell migration. In addition to apoptosis induction, this combined therapy also reduced the expression of several tumor-promoting factors including Fibroblast growth factors (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), matrix metallopeptidases-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, hypoxia-inducible factor-(HIF-1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-33, Bcl-x, vimentin, and snail. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate the potential of this nano-based anti-cancer therapeutic strategy for efficient cancer therapy which should be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Hashemi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ali Masjedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1714614411, Iran
| | - Afshin Nikkhoo
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Rostami
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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19
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Hashemi V, Farhadi S, Ghasemi Chaleshtari M, Seashore-Ludlow B, Masjedi A, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Namdar A, Ajjoolabady A, Mohammadi H, Ghalamfarsa G, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Nanomedicine for improvement of dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106446. [PMID: 32244048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy has shown impressive outcomes, including the development of the first FDA-approved anti-cancer vaccine. However, the clinical application of DC-based cancer immunotherapy is associated with various challenges. Promising novel tools for the administration of cancer vaccines has emerged from recent developments in nanoscale biomaterials. One current strategy to enhance targeted drug delivery, while minimizing drug-related toxicities, is the use of nanoparticles (NPs). These can be utilized for antigen delivery into DCs, which have been shown to provide potent T cell-stimulating effects. Therefore, NP delivery represents one promising approach for creating an effective and stable immune response without toxic side effects. The current review surveys cancer immunotherapy with particular attention toward NP-based delivery methods that target DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Hashemi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shohreh Farhadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Masjedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Bioclinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amir Ajjoolabady
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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20
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Bastaki S, Irandoust M, Ahmadi A, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Ambrose P, Hallaj S, Edalati M, Ghalamfarsa G, Azizi G, Yousefi M, Chalajour H, Jadidi-Niaragh F. PD-L1/PD-1 axis as a potent therapeutic target in breast cancer. Life Sci 2020; 247:117437. [PMID: 32070710 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although both the incidence and the mortality rate of breast cancer is rising, there is no potent and practical option for the treatment of these patients, particularly in advanced stages. One of the most critical challenges for treatment is the presence of complicated and extensive tumor escape mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint molecules are of the main immunosuppressive mechanisms used by cancerous cells to block anti-cancer immune responses. Among these molecules, PD-1 (Programmed cell death) and PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) have been considered as worthy therapeutic targets for breast cancer therapy. In this review, we intend to discuss the immunobiology and signaling of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and highlight its importance as a worthy therapeutic target in breast cancer. We believe that the prognostic value of PD-L1 depends on the breast cancer subtype. Moreover, the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 targeting with immune-stimulating vaccines can be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Bastaki
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, East Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Mahzad Irandoust
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Bioclinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Hallaj
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Edalati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj. Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Chalajour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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21
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Hashemi V, Maleki LA, Esmaily M, Masjedi A, Ghalamfarsa G, Namdar A, Yousefi M, Yousefi B, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Regulatory T cells in breast cancer as a potent anti-cancer therapeutic target. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106087. [PMID: 31841758 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite marked advances in treatment approaches, breast cancer is still going to be more prevalent, worldwide. High levels of regulatory T (Treg) cells have repeatedly been demonstrated in circulation, lymph nodes, and tumor samples from patients with various cancer types. The transcription factor Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)-expressing Treg cells have the high suppressive potential of the immune system and are fundamental in preserving immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. However, they enhance tumor development by curbing efficient anti-tumor immune mechanisms in malignancies. Moreover, the accumulation of Treg cells in breast tumors is related to the short overall survival of patients. Treg cell frequency has been applied as an independent predicting factor to diagnose patients with a high risk of relapse. Pulling out all populations of Treg cells to promote the efficacy of anticancer treatment methods may potentially lead to hazardous autoimmune disorders. Thus, realizing the exact structure of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells is pivotal to efficiently target Treg cells in tumors. There are exclusive and non-exclusive approaches to lower down and degrade the number/function of Treg cells. These approaches can include inhibiting tumoral migration, depletion, interference with function, and utilizing T cell plasticity. This review article attempts to clarify the implications concerning the involvement of Treg cells in breast cancer progression and discuss the current approaches in the treatment of this cancer via modulation of Treg cells function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Hashemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Esmaily
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masjedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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22
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Liu J, Zhang X, Zhong JF, Zhang C. Use of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:37-44. [PMID: 30702011 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells play an antileukemia role, and can be used to treat or prevent relapse by targeting minimal residual disease for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the infusion of allogeneic CAR-T cells may also cause graft-versus-host disease, which limited their applications during and after allo-HSCT. In this review, we discuss the clinical trials that applying CAR-T cells before allo-HSCT and the use of donor-derived CAR-T cells as conditioning regimen during allo-HSCT. At last, we analyzed the effect of donor-derived CAR-T cells on preventive infusion after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, & Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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23
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Hassani M, Hajari Taheri F, Sharifzadeh Z, Arashkia A, Hadjati J, van Weerden WM, Abdoli S, Modarressi MH, Abolhassani M. Engineered Jurkat Cells for Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen on Prostate Cancer Cells by Nanobody-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [PMID: 31677604 PMCID: PMC6984713 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recently, modification of T cells with CAR has been an attractive approach for adoptive immunotherapy of cancers. Typically, CARs contain a scFv. Most often, scfvs are derived from a monoclonal antibody of murine origin and may be a trigger for host immune system that leads to the T-cell clearance. Nanobody is a specific antigen-binding fragment derived from camelid that has great homology to human VH and low immunogenic potential. Therefore, in this study, nanobody was employed instead of scFv in CAR construct. Methods: In this study, a CAR was constructed based on a nanobody against PSMA (NBPII-CAR). At first, Jurkat cells were electroporated with NBPII-CAR, and then flow cytometry was performed for NBPII-CAR expression. For functional analysis, CAR T cells were co-cultured with prostate cancer cells and analyzed for IL-2 secretion, CD25 expression, and cell proliferation. Results: Flow cytometry results confirmed the expression of NBPII-CAR on the transfected Jurkat cells. Our data showed the specificity of engineered Jurkat cells against prostate cancer cells by not only increasing the IL-2 cytokine (about 370 pg/ml) but also expressing the T-cell activation marker CD25 (about 30%). In addition, proliferation of engineered Jurkat cells increased nearly 60% when co-cultured with LNCaP (PSMA+), as compared with DU145 (PSMA-). Conclusion: Here, we describe the ability of nanobody-based CAR to recognize PSMA that leads to the activation of Jurkat cells. This construct might be used as a promising candidate for clinical applications in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hassani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Hybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Hossein Modarressi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Abolhassani
- Department of Immunology, Hybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Simioni C, Bergamini F, Ferioli M, Rimondi E, Caruso L, Neri LM. New biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in acute lymphoblastic leukemias: Recent advances. Hematol Oncol 2019; 38:22-33. [PMID: 31487068 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies, and it is normally characterized by an aberrant proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. Moreover, dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways that normally regulate cellular transcription, growth, translation, and proliferation is frequently encountered in this malignancy. ALL is the most frequent tumor in childhood, and adult ALL patients still correlate with poor survival. This review focuses on modern therapies in ALL that move beyond standard chemotherapy, with a particular emphasis on immunotherapeutic approaches as new treatment strategies. Bi-specific T-cell Engagers (BiTE) antibodies, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, or CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats [CRISPR]-associated nuclease 9) represent other new innovative approaches for this disease. Target and tailored therapy could make the difference in previously untreatable cases, i.e., precision and personalized medicine. Clinical trials will help to select the most efficient novel therapies in ALL management and to integrate them with existing treatments to achieve durable cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simioni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Bergamini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Ferioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA-Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA-Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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25
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E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes in cancer: Implications for immunotherapeutic interventions. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 498:126-134. [PMID: 31445029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the medical advances of the 21st century, the incidence of cancer continues to increase and the search for a universal cure remains a major health challenge. Our lack of understanding the complex pathophysiology of the tumor microenvironment has hindered the development and efficiency of anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. The tumor microenvironment, composed of multiple cellular and non-cellular components, enables tumor-promoting processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. The ubiquitin-mediated degradation system is involved in several physiologic processes including cell cycling, signal transduction, receptor downregulation, endocytosis and transcriptional regulation. Ubiquitination includes attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins via E1 (activating), E2 (conjugating) and E3 (ligating) enzymes. Several studies have shown that E2 enzymes are dysregulated in variety of cancers. Multiple investigations have demonstrated the involvement of E2s in various tumor-promoting processes including DNA repair, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and oncogenic signaling. E2 enzymes consist of 40 members that facilitate ubiquitin-substrate conjugation thereby modulating the stability and interaction of various proteins. As such, E2s are potential biomarkers as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tools. In this review, we discuss the role of E2s in modulating various types of cancer.
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26
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Wang L, Yao R, Zhang L, Fan C, Ma L, Liu J. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and other therapeutics for malignancies: Combination and opportunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:498-503. [PMID: 30875561 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy provides possibility for the treatment of malignancies since clinical trials have shown that CAR-T therapy has a significant anti-tumor effect. Although many efforts have been made to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects of CAR-T therapy, there are still many problems to solve. With the rapid development of this field, combination immunotherapy has been proved to improve the efficacy of CAR-T therapy. Studies have shown that radiotherapy, chemotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy, BTK inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade-based therapy may further enhance the efficacy of CAR-T therapy while CRISPR/Cas9 technology and IL-1 blockade may improve the safety. In this review, we summarized the advantages and the mechanisms of the combination immunotherapy based on CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Ruixue Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Lifa Zhang
- 401 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Chuanbo Fan
- Department of Hematology, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, China
| | - Leina Ma
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
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27
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Grover NS, Savoldo B. Challenges of driving CD30-directed CAR-T cells to the clinic. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:203. [PMID: 30841880 PMCID: PMC6404322 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are a promising new treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, including lymphoma. Given the success of CAR-T cells directed against CD19, new targets are being developed and tested, since not all lymphomas express CD19. CD30 is promising target as it is universally expressed in virtually all classical Hodgkin lymphomas, anaplastic large cell lymphomas, and in a proportion of other lymphoma types, including cutaneous T cell lymphomas and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Preclinical studies with CD30-directed CAR-T cells support the feasibility of this approach. Recently, two clinical trials of CD30-directed CAR-T cells in relapsed/refractory CD30+ lymphomas, including Hodgkin lymphoma, have been reported with minimal toxicities noted and preliminary efficacy seen in a proportion of patients. However, improving the persistence and expansion of CAR-T cells is key to further enhancing the efficacy of this treatment approach. Future directions include optimizing the lymphodepletion regimen, enhancing migration to the tumor site, and combination with other immune regulators. Several ongoing and upcoming clinical trials of CD30-directed CAR-T cells are expected to further enhance this approach to treat patients with relapsed and refractory CD30+ lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S Grover
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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28
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Hajari Taheri F, Hassani M, Sharifzadeh Z, Behdani M, Arashkia A, Abolhassani M. T cell engineered with a novel nanobody‐based chimeric antigen receptor against VEGFR2 as a candidate for tumor immunotherapy. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1259-1267. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Hassani
- Department of ImmunologyHybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
- Department of Molecular MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of ImmunologyHybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Behdani
- Department of Molecular MedicinePasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of a Molecular VirologyPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Abolhassani
- Department of ImmunologyHybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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29
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Ozik J, Collier N, Wozniak JM, Macal C, Cockrell C, Friedman SH, Ghaffarizadeh A, Heiland R, An G, Macklin P. High-throughput cancer hypothesis testing with an integrated PhysiCell-EMEWS workflow. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:483. [PMID: 30577742 PMCID: PMC6302449 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a complex, multiscale dynamical system, with interactions between tumor cells and non-cancerous host systems. Therapies act on this combined cancer-host system, sometimes with unexpected results. Systematic investigation of mechanistic computational models can augment traditional laboratory and clinical studies, helping identify the factors driving a treatment's success or failure. However, given the uncertainties regarding the underlying biology, these multiscale computational models can take many potential forms, in addition to encompassing high-dimensional parameter spaces. Therefore, the exploration of these models is computationally challenging. We propose that integrating two existing technologies-one to aid the construction of multiscale agent-based models, the other developed to enhance model exploration and optimization-can provide a computational means for high-throughput hypothesis testing, and eventually, optimization. RESULTS In this paper, we introduce a high throughput computing (HTC) framework that integrates a mechanistic 3-D multicellular simulator (PhysiCell) with an extreme-scale model exploration platform (EMEWS) to investigate high-dimensional parameter spaces. We show early results in applying PhysiCell-EMEWS to 3-D cancer immunotherapy and show insights on therapeutic failure. We describe a generalized PhysiCell-EMEWS workflow for high-throughput cancer hypothesis testing, where hundreds or thousands of mechanistic simulations are compared against data-driven error metrics to perform hypothesis optimization. CONCLUSIONS While key notational and computational challenges remain, mechanistic agent-based models and high-throughput model exploration environments can be combined to systematically and rapidly explore key problems in cancer. These high-throughput computational experiments can improve our understanding of the underlying biology, drive future experiments, and ultimately inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chase Cockrell
- Dept. of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Ahmadreza Ghaffarizadeh
- Lawrence J. Ellison Center for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randy Heiland
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Gary An
- Dept. of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Macklin
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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30
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Xu J, Wang Y, Shi J, Liu J, Li Q, Chen L. Combination therapy: A feasibility strategy for CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2063-2070. [PMID: 30008901 PMCID: PMC6036511 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have been demonstrated to have durable and potentially curative therapeutic efficacies in patients with hematological malignancies. Currently, multiple clinical trials in CAR-T cell therapy have been evaluated for the treatment of patients with solid malignancies, but have had less marked therapeutic effects when the agents are used as monotherapies. When summarizing relevant studies, the present study found that combination therapy strategies for solid tumors based on CAR-T cell therapies might be more effective. This review will focus on various aspects of treating solid tumors with CAR-T cell therapy: i) The therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T cell monotherapy, ii) the feasibility of the CAR-T cell therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy, iii) the feasibility of CAR-T cell therapy with radiotherapy, iv) the feasibility of CAR-T cell therapy with chemoradiotherapy, and v) the feasibility of the combination of CAR-T cell therapy with other strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xu
- Galactophore Department, Jiangsu Huai'an Maternity and Children Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Galactophore Department, Jiangsu Huai'an Maternity and Children Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Galactophore Department, Jiangsu Huai'an Maternity and Children Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Galactophore Department, Jiangsu Huai'an Maternity and Children Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Galactophore Department, Jiangsu Huai'an Maternity and Children Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Longzhou Chen
- Galactophore Department, Jiangsu Huai'an Maternity and Children Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
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31
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Non-protein biologic therapeutics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 53:65-75. [PMID: 29289799 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
While the therapeutic biologics are dominated by therapeutic proteins, particularly monoclonal antibodies, a wide range of non-protein therapeutic biologics are rapidly gaining ground both in clinical studies and approved products. Many of these first-in-class therapies provide novel treatment modalities and address previously untreatable conditions or undruggable targets. In particular, novel treatments for rare genetic disorders and qualitatively different oncology therapeutics have been approved in the last two years. This review discusses recent advances in peptide, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, vaccine, and cell-based therapies as well as the manufacturing and commercialization challenges associated with these novel therapeutics.
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32
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Xu J, Zhang Q, Tian K, Wang H, Yin H, Zheng J. Current status and future prospects of the strategy of combining CAR‑T with PD‑1 blockade for antitumor therapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2083-2088. [PMID: 29207115 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system serves an important role in controlling and eradicating malignant cells. Immunotherapy for treating tumors has received much attention in recent years due to its marked effect. There are two approaches which currently lead this field: Chimeric antigen receptor‑modified T‑cell immunotherapy (CAR‑T) and programmed cell death protein-1 blockade (PD‑1 blockade). CAR‑T has emerged as a promising regimen for the treatment of a range of types of cancer, including chronic lymphoid leukemia and neuroblastoma, with studies of long term remission in certain patients. PD‑1 blockade has been reported to exert marked clinical responses in patients against a range of types of solid cancer, including advanced melanoma, non‑small‑cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma, in addition to hematological malignancies. While increasing the power of the immune system to fight cancer has been a long‑standing goal in oncology, a number of studies have demonstrated the synergistic antitumor effects of combination therapies under the umbrella of immunotherapy. The present review focused on a novel combination approach involving CAR‑T and PD‑1 blockade. The present reviews aimed to discuss the following four aspects of such an approach: i) Current monotherapy status; ii) rationale for the combination of CAR‑T and PD‑1 blockade; iii) current status of the combination of CAR‑T and PD‑1 blockade; and iv) conclusions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xu
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Kang Tian
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yin
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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33
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El Chediak A, Shamseddine A, Bodgi L, Obeid JP, Geara F, Zeidan YH. Optimizing tumor immune response through combination of radiation and immunotherapy. Med Oncol 2017; 34:165. [PMID: 28828581 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy and immunotherapy are two highly evolving modalities for the treatment of solid tumors. Immunotherapeutic drugs can either stimulate the immune system via immunogenic pathways or target co-inhibitory checkpoints. An augmented tumor cell recognition by host immune cells can be achieved post-irradiation, as irradiated tissues can release chemical signals which are sensed by the immune system resulting in its activation. Different strategies combining both treatment modalities were tested in order to achieve a better therapeutic response and longer tumor control. Both regimens act synergistically to one another with complimentary mechanisms. In this review, we explore the scientific basis behind such a combination, starting initially with a brief historical overview behind utilizing radiation and immunotherapies for solid tumors, followed by the different types of these two modalities, and the biological concept behind their synergistic effect. We also shed light on the common side effects and toxicities associated with radiation and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss previous clinical trials tackling this multimodality combination and highlight future ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissar El Chediak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Data Management and Clinical Research Unit, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute- NKBCI American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Lebanon
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Data Management and Clinical Research Unit, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute- NKBCI American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Lebanon.
| | - Larry Bodgi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Pierre Obeid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fady Geara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef H Zeidan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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34
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Eckert F, Gaipl U, Niedermann G, Hettich M, Schilbach K, Huber S, Zips D. Beyond checkpoint inhibition - Immunotherapeutical strategies in combination with radiation. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 2:29-35. [PMID: 29657997 PMCID: PMC5893529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The revival of cancer immunotherapy has taken place with the clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibition. However, the spectrum of immunotherapeutic approaches is much broader encompassing T cell engaging strategies, tumour-specific vaccination, antibodies or immunocytokines. This review focuses on the immunological effects of irradiation and the evidence available on combination strategies with immunotherapy. The available data suggest great potential of combined treatments, yet also poses questions about dose, fractionation, timing and most promising multimodal strategies.
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Key Words
- Bispecific antibodies
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CAR-T-cells
- CDN, cyclic dinucleotides
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor
- IR, irradiation
- Immunocytokines
- Immunotherapy
- PD-1, Programmed cell death protein 1 receptor
- PD-L1, PD-1 ligand
- Radiotherapy
- TCR, T cell receptor
- Treg, regulatory T cells
- Vaccination
- bsAb, bispecific antibody
- scFv, single chain variable fragment
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - U.S. Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Hettich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Schilbach
- Department of General Pediatrics/Pediatric Oncology, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - S.M. Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - D. Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Hu Y, Wu Z, Luo Y, Shi J, Yu J, Pu C, Liang Z, Wei G, Cui Q, Sun J, Jiang J, Xie J, Tan Y, Ni W, Tu J, Wang J, Jin A, Zhang H, Cai Z, Xiao L, Huang H. Potent Anti-leukemia Activities of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells against CD19 in Chinese Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3297-3306. [PMID: 28039267 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (R/R ALL) have a poor prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells against CD19 (CART19) have displayed anti-leukemia activities. However, data from systemic trials in Chinese patients are limited.Experimental Design: T cells transduced with CD19-directed CAR lentiviral vectors were infused in patients with R/R ALL under fludarabine- and cyclophosphamide-based lymphodepletion. The postinfusion responses, toxicities, expansion, and persistence of CART19s in enrolled patients were observed and monitored.Results: We enrolled 15 patients with R/R ALL. The median transduction efficiency of CART19s was 33%. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were conducted and showed prominent antileukemia activities with CART19s. The patients received CART19s infusion at doses of 1.1 × 106/kg to 9.8 × 106/kg. Twelve patients achieved complete remission 1 month after CART19s infusion. CART19s expanded and persisted in peripheral blood and bone marrow. At 150 days, the overall survival rate and leukemia-free survival rate were 65.5% and 37.8%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of relapse and the nonrelapse mortality rate were 54.5% and 7.7%, respectively. Four patients underwent subsequent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this trial, 10 patients experienced cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Grade 3 CRS developed in 40% of patients and was associated with a higher disease burden on day -1 and a higher number of previous relapses.Conclusions: This trial demonstrated potent antileukemia activities of CART19s in Chinese patients with R/R ALL. Disease relapse remained the main obstacle. However, patients with a high risk of relapse after CART19s might benefit from subsequent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3297-306. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd (formerly SiDanSai Biotechnology Co., Ltd), Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Shi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfei Pu
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd (formerly SiDanSai Biotechnology Co., Ltd), Shanghai, China
| | - Zuyu Liang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qu Cui
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd (formerly SiDanSai Biotechnology Co., Ltd), Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Tan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanmao Ni
- Clinical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jifang Tu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd (formerly SiDanSai Biotechnology Co., Ltd), Shanghai, China
| | - Aiyun Jin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd (formerly SiDanSai Biotechnology Co., Ltd), Shanghai, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Yang A, Farmer E, Lin J, Wu TC, Hung CF. The current state of therapeutic and T cell-based vaccines against human papillomaviruses. Virus Res 2016; 231:148-165. [PMID: 27932207 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be a necessary factor for many gynecologic malignancies and is also associated with a subset of head and neck malignancies. This knowledge has created the opportunity to control these HPV-associated cancers through vaccination. However, despite the availability of prophylactic HPV vaccines, HPV infections remain extremely common worldwide. In addition, while prophylactic HPV vaccines have been effective in preventing infection, they are ineffective at clearing pre-existing HPV infections. Thus, there is an urgent need for therapeutic and T cell-based vaccines to treat existing HPV infections and HPV-associated lesions and cancers. Unlike prophylactic vaccines, which generate neutralizing antibodies, therapeutic, and T cell-based vaccines enhance cell-mediated immunity against HPV antigens. Our review will cover various therapeutic and T cell-based vaccines in development for the treatment of HPV-associated diseases. Furthermore, we review the strategies to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines and the latest clinical trials on therapeutic and T cell-based HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Emily Farmer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.
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37
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Papaioannou NE, Beniata OV, Vitsos P, Tsitsilonis O, Samara P. Harnessing the immune system to improve cancer therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:261. [PMID: 27563648 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy uses the immune system and its components to mount an anti-tumor response. During the last decade, it has evolved from a promising therapy option to a robust clinical reality. Many immunotherapeutic modalities are already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating cancer patients and many others are in the pipeline for approval as standalone or combinatorial therapeutic interventions, several also combined with standard treatments in clinical studies. The two main axes of cancer immunotherapeutics refer to passive and active treatments. Prominent examples of passive immunotherapy include administration of monoclonal antibodies and cytokines and adoptive cell transfer of ex vivo "educated" immune cells. Active immunotherapy refers, among others, to anti-cancer vaccines [peptide, dendritic cell (DC)-based and allogeneic whole cell vaccines], immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses, whereas new approaches that can further enhance anti-cancer immune responses are also widely explored. Herein, we present the most popular cancer immunotherapy approaches and discuss their clinical relevance referring to data acquired from clinical trials. To date, clinical experience and efficacy suggest that combining more than one immunotherapy interventions, in conjunction with other treatment options like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted or epigenetic therapy, should guide the way to cancer cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos E Papaioannou
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania V Beniata
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Vitsos
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Tsitsilonis
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Samara
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, 15784, Athens, Greece
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38
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Downregulation of CD73 in 4T1 breast cancer cells through siRNA-loaded chitosan-lactate nanoparticles. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8403-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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