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Flatland B, Dehghanpir SD, Evans SJM, Freeman KP, Grimes C, Hancock T, Hollinger C, Hooijberg E, Korchia J, Lawson C, Matlow JR, Sample S, Viall A. Guidelines for resident training in veterinary clinical pathology. IV: Laboratory quality management-Teaching domains, competencies, and suggested learning outcomes. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53 Suppl 1:7-23. [PMID: 36609689 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 ASVCP Education Committee Forum for Discussion, presented at the annual ASVCP/ACVP meeting, identified a need to develop recommendations for teaching laboratory quality management principles in veterinary clinical pathology residency training programs. OBJECTIVES To present a competency-based framework for teaching laboratory quality management principles in veterinary clinical pathology residency training programs, including entrustable professional activities (EPAs), domains of competence, individual competencies, and learning outcomes. METHODS A joint subcommittee of the ASVCP Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards (QALS) and Education Committees executed this project. A draft guideline version was reviewed by the ASVCP membership and shared with selected ACVP committees in early 2022, and a final version was voted upon by the full QALS and Education Committees in late 2022. RESULTS Eleven domains of competence with relevant individual competencies were identified. In addition, suggested learning outcomes and resource lists were developed. Domains and individual competencies were mapped to six EPAs. CONCLUSIONS This guideline presents a framework for teaching principles of laboratory quality management in veterinary clinical pathology residency training programs and was designed to be comprehensive yet practical. Guidance on pedagogical terms and possible routes of implementation are included. Recommendations herein aim to improve and support resident training but may require gradual implementation, as programs phase in necessary expertise and resources. Future directions include the development of learning milestones and assessments and consideration of how recommendations intersect with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists training program accreditation and certifying examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Flatland
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Shannon D Dehghanpir
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - Samantha J M Evans
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, USA
| | | | - Carolyn Grimes
- Zoetis Reference Laboratories, Zoetis, Inc., Parsipanny, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tamara Hancock
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | - Emma Hooijberg
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jeremie Korchia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Cheryl Lawson
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Iowa, Ames, USA
| | | | - Saundra Sample
- Zoetis Reference Laboratories, Zoetis, Inc., Parsipanny, New Jersey, USA
| | - Austin Viall
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, Davis, USA
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Marcos R, Fonte-Oliveira L, Santos M, Caniatti M. An immersive simulation strategy to teach cytology sample collection methods and basic diagnosis skills: A two academic center study. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:722-731. [PMID: 37460418 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collecting cytology samples and making simple diagnoses are skills taught in veterinary universities, mostly in a passive way. Simulators enhance practical skills learning, increasing student engagement through immersive activities. These strategies have not been carefully assessed in veterinary cytology. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe a simulator developed for training cytology sample collection methods and assess the utility of an immersive simulation strategy to learn and practice the collection of cytology samples. METHODS A flipped classroom with a station design was followed. Students first watched video tutorials on sampling collection, listened to brief cases' clinical histories, and moved to immersive simulator stations. There, they practiced imprints, swabs, and fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Microscopic observation of the material was available through augmented reality tools. Students were evaluated by Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) tools on their ability to perform FNA on stuffed animal models. Students answered two questionnaires addressing their learning outcomes. RESULTS Second- and third-year students from two centers (n = 129) practiced cytologic collection methods in simulators which significantly changed their willingness to perform FNA in live animals after the class activities. OSCE pass rates over 90% were obtained for most steps of FNA, and students rated the activity as essential/very relevant for learning. CONCLUSIONS Immersive simulation strategies were effective at increasing student comfort with cytologic sampling techniques. This approach should be included in the veterinary curriculum as it can increase the quality of cytology samples and could potentially improve the cytologic diagnosis of a submitted sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marcos
- Cytology and Hematology Diagnostic Services, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Fonte-Oliveira
- Cytology and Hematology Diagnostic Services, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Santos
- Cytology and Hematology Diagnostic Services, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mario Caniatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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