Analytical Methods on Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Materials of Chloroquine as Available for the Treatment of COVID-19

With the outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19), people's health and existing economies on a global scale are seriously threatened. Currently, most of the countries all over the world are studying extensively to better understand the antimalarial chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for therapeutic purposes due to the COVID-19 outbreak. However, CQ and HCQ can have serious side effects, from psychiatric effects to sudden death. Therefore, a faster and more effective detection method is needed to monitor drug concentrations. In this review, a large study was conducted on the detection techniques and quantitative determination methods of CQ and its related metabolites. In this review, chromatography, electrophoresis, electroanalytical, spectroscopic, and immunological methods for CQ and related metabolites are discussed extensively. It is hoped that a better understanding of the CQ used for therapeutic purposes in the COVID-19 outbreak will be provided.

Determination of Melphalan by Micelle Enhanced Spectrofluorimetric Method: Application to Content Uniformity Testing and Human Plasma

This manuscript describes a responsive, rapid, validated and economical spectrofluorimetric method for determination of Melphalan in its pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked human plasma. The proposed method is relied on the investigation of fluorescence action of Melphalan in Tween-80 micellar system. The Melphalan shows strong native fluorescence at λem 365 nm upon excitation at λex 265 nm in Tween-80 system. There was good enhancement (1.68 fold) in fluorescence intensity in the presence of Tween-80. The proposed approach has a good linearity in the concentration range of 0.2 μg/mL–2 μg/mL. The lower limit of detection and that of quantitation was 0.03 μg/mL and 0.08 μg/mL respectively. The developed method has been validated and applied for content uniformity testing of Melphalan medicines available on the market and Melphalan spiked human plasma samples. The results are statistically compared and were found to be in good agreement to those obtained by comparison methods.