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Wu Z, Lin X, Teng J, Li M, Song J, Huang C, Wang R, Ying H, Zhang L, Zhu C. Recent Advances of Lignin Functionalization for High-Performance and Advanced Functional Rubber Composites. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4553-4567. [PMID: 37813827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The biomass lignin is the only large-volume renewable feedstock that is composed of aromatics but has been largely underutilized and is sought for valorization as a value-added material. Recent research has highlighted lignin as a promising alternative to traditional petrol-based reinforcements and functional additives for rubber composites. This review summarized the recent advances in the functionalization of lignin for a variety of rubber composites, as well as the compounding techniques for effectively dispersing lignin within the rubber matrix. Significant progress has been achieved in the development of high-performance and advanced functional rubber/lignin composites through carefully designing the structure of lignin-based additives and the optimization of interfacial morphologies. This Review discussed the effect of lignin on composite properties, including mechanical reinforcement, dynamic properties, antiaging performance, and oil resistance, and also the advanced stimuli-responsive performance in detail. A critical analysis for the future development of rubber/lignin composites is presented as concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhe Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiran Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiye Teng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Emergent Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Bélanger N, Prasher S, Dumont MJ. Tailoring biochar production for use as a reinforcing bio-based filler in rubber composites: a review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2089584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bélanger
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Shiv Prasher
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, QC, Canada
- Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, QC, Canada
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As V, Kumar G, Dey N, Karunakaran R, K A, Patel AK, S T, Andaluri G, Lin YC, Santhana Raj D, Ponnusamy VK. Valorization of nano-based lignocellulosic derivatives to procure commercially significant value-added products for biomedical applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114400. [PMID: 36265604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biowaste, produced from nature, is preferred to be a good source of carbon and ligninolytic machinery for many microorganisms. They are complex biopolymers composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose traces. This biomass can be depolymerized to its nano-dimensions to gain exceptional properties useful in the field of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, high-strength materials, etc. Nano-sized biomass derivatives overcome the inherent drawbacks of the parent material and offer promises as a potential material for a wide range of applications with their unique traits such as low-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and environmentally friendly nature with versatility. This review focuses on the production of value-added products feasible from nanocellulose, nano lignin, and xylan nanoparticles which is quite a novel study of its kind. Dawn of nanotechnology has converted bio waste by-products (hemicellulose and lignin) into useful precursors for many commercial products. Nano-cellulose has been employed in the fields of electronics, cosmetics, drug delivery, scaffolds, fillers, packaging, and engineering structures. Xylan nanoparticles and nano lignin have numerous applications as stabilizers, additives, textiles, adhesives, emulsifiers, and prodrugs for many polyphenols with an encapsulation efficiency of 50%. This study will support the potential development of composites for emerging applications in all aspects of interest and open up novel paths for multifunctional biomaterials in nano-dimensions for cosmetic, drug carrier, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickram As
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nibedita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Excellence in Biomaterials Engineering (CoEBE), AIMST University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia; Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Anbarasu K
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- PhD Program of Aquatic Science and Technology & Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Thanigaivel S
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gangadhar Andaluri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung city, 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Deena Santhana Raj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- PhD Program of Aquatic Science and Technology & Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
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Boon ZH, Teo YY, Ang DTC. Recent development of biodegradable synthetic rubbers and bio-based rubbers using sustainable materials from biological sources. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34028-34052. [PMID: 36545000 PMCID: PMC9710532 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06602e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber is an amorphous hyperelastic polymer which is widely used in this modern era. Natural rubber is considered the ultimate rubber in terms of mechanical performance, but over the years, some limitations and challenges in natural rubber cultivation that could result in serious shortages in the supply chain had been identified. Since then, the search for alternatives including new natural and synthetic rubbers has been rather intense. The initiative to explore new sources of natural rubber which started during the 1940s has been reignited recently due to the increasing demand for natural rubber. The commercialization of natural rubber from the Parthenium argentatum and Taraxacum kok-saghyz species, with the cooperation from rubber product manufacturing companies, has somewhat improved the sustainability of the natural rubber supply chain. Meanwhile, the high demand for synthetic rubber drastically increases the rate of depletion of fossil fuels and amplifies the adverse environmental effect of overexploitation of fossil fuels. Moreover, rubber and plastic products disposal have been a major issue for many decades, causing environmental pollution and the expansion of landfills. Sustainable synthetic rubber products could be realized through the incorporation of materials from biological sources. They are renewable, low cost, and most importantly, biodegradable in nature. In this review, brief introduction to natural and synthetic rubbers, challenges in the rubber industry, alternatives to conventional natural rubber, and recent advances in biodegradable and/or bio-based synthetic rubbers are discussed. The effect of incorporating various types of biologically sourced materials in the synthetic rubbers are also elaborated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hern Boon
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Yin Yin Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
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A Review of Rubber Biocomposites Reinforced with Lignocellulosic Fillers. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6070183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic fillers have attracted considerable attention over the years as a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based fillers (carbon black) in rubber composites due to their renewability, biodegradability, availability, high mechanical properties, low density and low cost. Based on the literature available, a comprehensive review is presented here of rubber biocomposites reinforced with plant-based fillers. The study is divided into different sections depending on the matrix (natural or synthetic rubber) and the type of lignocellulosic fillers (natural fiber, microcrystalline cellulose, lignin and nanocellulose). This review focuses on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of the resulting rubber biocomposites. In addition, the effect of hybrid filler systems, lignocellulosic filler surface modification and modification of the rubber matrix on the properties of these rubber biocomposites are presented and compared. A conclusion is finally presented with some openings for future works.
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Yue X, Li C, Li Y. Using colloidal lignin intercalated montmorillonite nanosheets as synergistic and reinforced agent for flame‐retardant poly(butylene succinate) composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yue
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Chaofan Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yu Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
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Zhang Z, Terrasson V, Guénin E. Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051336. [PMID: 34069477 PMCID: PMC8159083 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin nanomaterials have emerged as a promising alternative to fossil-based chemicals and products for some potential added-value applications, which benefits from their structural diversity and biodegradability. This review elucidates a perspective in recent research on nanolignins and their nanocomposites. It summarizes the different nanolignin preparation methods, emphasizing anti-solvent precipitation, self-assembly and interfacial crosslinking. Also described are the preparation of various nanocomposites by the chemical modification of nanolignin and compounds with inorganic materials or polymers. Additionally, advances in numerous potential high-value applications, such as use in food packaging, biomedical, chemical engineering and biorefineries, are described.
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The Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites with Klason Lignin as a Green Reinforcing Filler: Thermal Stability, Mechanical and Dynamical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071109. [PMID: 33807283 PMCID: PMC8036919 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the influences of Klason lignin as a filler on the thermal stability and properties of natural rubber composites. The modulus and tensile strength of stabilized vulcanizates were measured before and after thermo-oxidative aging. It was determined that lignin filled natural rubber had significantly enhanced thermo-oxidative aging and mechanical properties compared to those of controlled samples. The reinforcement effect of lignin increased stress with lignin loading but it decreased at 20 phr, suggesting that the reinforcement mechanism of lignin was via strain-induced crystallization. The composite samples with 10 phr filler loading had the highest mechanical properties as well as thermo-oxidative degradation resistance. Such a finding could be due to interactions between the Klason lignin filler and natural rubber matrix. Based on the findings in this work, the degradation temperature of Klason lignin occurred at 420 °C. The absorption peaks at wavenumbers 1192 and 1374 cm−1 indicated that C–O stretching vibrations of the syringyl and guaiacyl rings of hardwood lignin existed. It was also found that the Klason lignin–rubber composite containing 10 phr had the highest stress–strain, 100% modulus, and tensile strength, while lignin showed increasing aging resistance of the composite comparable with commercial antioxidant at 1.5 phr. It appears that Klason lignin from rubberwood could be used as a green antioxidant and alternative reinforcing filler and for high performance eco-friendly natural rubber biocomposites.
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Abid U, Gill YQ, Irfan MS, Umer R, Saeed F. Potential applications of polycarbohydrates, lignin, proteins, polyacids, and other renewable materials for the formulation of green elastomers. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1-29. [PMID: 33744249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Renewable resources including polycarbohydrates, lignin, proteins, and polyacids are the intrinsically valuable class of materials that are naturally available in great quantities. Their utilization as green additives and reinforcing bio-fillers, in substitution of environmentally perilous petroleum-based fillers, for developing high-performance green rubber blends and composites is presently a highly tempting option. Blending of these renewable materials with elastomers is not straight-forward and research needs to exploit the high functionality of carbohydrates and other natural materials as proper physicochemical interactions are essential. Correlating and understanding the structural properties of lignin, carbohydrates, polyacids, and other biopolymers, before their incorporation in elastomers, is a potential approach towards the development of green elastomers for value-added applications. Promising properties i.e., biodegradability, biocompatibility, morphological characteristics, high mechanical properties, thermal stability, sustainability, and various other characteristics along with recent advancements in the development of green elastomers are reviewed in this paper. Structures, viability, interactions, properties, and use of most common natural polycarbohydrates (chitosan and starch), lignin, and proteins (collagen and gelatin) for elastomer modification are extensively reviewed. Challenges in commercialization, applications, and future perspectives of green elastomers are also discussed. Sustainability analysis of green elastomers is accomplished to elaborate their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Abid
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, G. T. Road, PO Box 54890, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Yasir Qayyum Gill
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, G. T. Road, PO Box 54890, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Irfan
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, G. T. Road, PO Box 54890, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rehan Umer
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, G. T. Road, PO Box 54890, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Jiang C, Wang Z, Li J, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Li L, Moon KS, Wong C. RGO-templated lignin-derived porous carbon materials for renewable high-performance supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effect of extraction methods on the molecular structure and thermal stability of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus core) biomass as an alternative bio-filler for rubber composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1255-1264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Beisl S, Adamcyk J, Friedl A. Direct Precipitation of Lignin Nanoparticles from Wheat Straw Organosolv Liquors Using a Static Mixer. Molecules 2020; 25:E1388. [PMID: 32197518 PMCID: PMC7145315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanosize lignin shows improved properties compared to standard lignin available today and has been gaining interest in recent years. Lignin is the largest renewable resource with an aromatic skeleton on earth but it is used for relatively low-value applications. Lignin in micro- to nanoscale; however, could facilitate rather valuable applications. Current production methods consume high amounts of solvents for purification and precipitation. The process investigated in this work uses the direct precipitation of lignin nanoparticles from organosolv pretreatment extract in a static mixer and can reduce solvent consumption drastically. The pH value, ratio of antisolvent to organosolv extract and flowrate in the mixer were investigated as precipitation parameters in terms of the resulting particle properties. Particles with dimensions ranging from 97.3 to 219.3 nm could be produced, and at certain precipitation parameters, carbohydrate impurities reach values as low as in purified lignin particles. Yields were found independent of the precipitation parameters with 48.2 ± 4.99%. Results presented in this work can be used to optimize precipitation parameters with emphasis on particle size, carbohydrate impurities or the solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Beisl
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.A.); (A.F.)
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Jiang C, Bo J, Xiao X, Zhang S, Wang Z, Yan G, Wu Y, Wong C, He H. Converting waste lignin into nano-biochar as a renewable substitute of carbon black for reinforcing styrene-butadiene rubber. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:732-742. [PMID: 31805446 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial waste lignin was commonly burnt or discharged into river in the past. However, in this study, lignin has been converted into high value-added nano-biochar as a renewable reinforcing filler of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) by a simple high-temperature carbonization treatment. Herein, the physicochemical change in lignin before and after carbonization was investigated. It was found that lignin-derived biochar (LB) consisted of vesicle-like primary nanoparticles which were closely packed to form "high-structure" irregular fragments with a high specific surface area (83.41 m2/g). When incorporating LB into SBR, the tensile properties of LB/SBR composites were significantly improved. At the filler loading of 40 phr, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the rubber composite were improved up to 7.1-folds and 2.4-folds of pristine SBR, respectively. Compared to commercial carbon black (CB) N330, the LB showed a similar reinforcing effect on SBR. However, the analysis on the morphology, stress-strain behavior and dynamic mechanical behavior suggested distinct reinforcing mechanisms for LB- and CB-filled rubber composites, due to the difference in the surface properties and structural characteristic of fillers. This work showed the application potential of LB as a renewable substitute of CB in rubber industry and brought environmental and economic benefits for the disposal of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, GA, USA.
| | - Jinyu Bo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xiefei Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zuhao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Guoping Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanguang Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Chingping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, GA, USA
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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Wang H, Liu W, Tu Z, Huang J, Qiu X. Lignin-Reinforced Nitrile Rubber/Poly(vinyl chloride) Composites via Metal Coordination Interactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Hydroxymethylation-Modified Lignin and Its Effectiveness as a Filler in Rubber Composites. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kraft lignin was modified by using hydroxymethylation to enhance the compatibility between rubber based on a blend of natural rubber/polybutadiene rubber (NR/BR) and lignin. To confirm this modification, the resultant hydroxymethylated kraft lignin (HMKL) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was then incorporated into rubber composites and compared with unmodified rubber. All rubber composites were investigated in terms of rheology, mechanical properties, aging, thermal properties, and morphology. The results show that the HMKL influenced the mechanical properties (tensile properties, hardness, and compression set) of NR/BR composites compared to unmodified lignin. Further evidence also revealed better dispersion and good interaction between the HMKL and the rubber matrix. Based on its performance in NR/BR composites, hydroxymethylated lignin can be used as a filler in the rubber industry.
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Beisl S, Loidolt P, Miltner A, Harasek M, Friedl A. Production of Micro- and Nanoscale Lignin from Wheat Straw Using Different Precipitation Setups. Molecules 2018; 23:E633. [PMID: 29534474 PMCID: PMC6017533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanosize lignin has recently gained interest due to its improved properties compared to standard lignin available today. As the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, lignin is readily available but used for rather low-value applications. Applications for lignin in micro- to nanoscale however, ranging from improvement of mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites, have bactericidal and antioxidant properties and impregnations to hollow lignin drug carriers for hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. This research represents a whole biorefinery process chain and compares different precipitation setups to produce submicron lignin particles from lignin containing an organosolv pretreatment extract from wheat straw. A batch precipitation in a stirred vessel was compared with continuous mixing of extract and antisolvent in a T-fitting and mixing in a T-fitting followed by a static mixer. The precipitation in the combination of T-fitting and static mixer with improved precipitation parameters yields the smallest particle size of around 100 nm. Furthermore, drying of particles did not influence the particle sizes negatively by showing decreased particle diameters after the separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Beisl
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Petra Loidolt
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Angela Miltner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Harasek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anton Friedl
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Jiang C, He H, Yao X, Yu P, Zhou L, Jia D. The aggregation structure regulation of lignin by chemical modification and its effect on the property of lignin/styrene-butadiene rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430073 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xiaojie Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Demin Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061244. [PMID: 28604584 PMCID: PMC5486067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. It has long been obtained as a by-product of cellulose production in pulp and paper production, but had rather low added-value applications. A changing paper market and the emergence of biorefinery projects should generate vast amounts of lignin with the potential of value addition. Nanomaterials offer unique properties and the preparation of lignin nanoparticles and other nanostructures has therefore gained interest as a promising technique to obtain value-added lignin products. Due to lignin’s high structural and chemical heterogeneity, methods must be adapted to these different types. This review focuses on the ability of different formation methods to cope with the huge variety of lignin types and points out which particle characteristics can be achieved by which method. The current research’s main focus is on pH and solvent-shifting methods where the latter can yield solid and hollow particles. Solvent shifting also showed the capability to cope with different lignin types and solvents and antisolvents, respectively. However, process conditions have to be adapted to every type of lignin and reduction of solvent demand or the integration in a biorefinery process chain must be focused.
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Fortunati E, Yang W, Luzi F, Kenny J, Torre L, Puglia D. Lignocellulosic nanostructures as reinforcement in extruded and solvent casted polymeric nanocomposites: an overview. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yu P, He H, Jiang C, Jia Y, Wang D, Yao X, Jia D, Luo Y. Enhanced oil resistance and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/lignin composites modified by epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Can Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
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