1
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Ou X, Hong Z, Wu Q, Chen X, Xie L, Zhang Z, He Y, Chen Q, Yang H. Micro/Nano Engineering Advances Next-Generation Flexible X-ray Detectors. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39312719 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c09554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The growing demands for X-ray imaging applications impose diverse and stringent requirements on advanced X-ray detectors. Among these, flexibility stands out as the most expected characteristic for next-generation X-ray detectors. Flexible X-ray detectors can spatially conform to nonflat surfaces, substantially improving the imaging resolution, reducing the X-ray exposure dosage, and enabling extended application opportunities that are hardly achievable by conventional rigid flat-panel detectors. Over the past years, indirect- and direct-conversion flexible X-ray detectors have made marvelous achievements. In particular, microscale and nanoscale engineering technologies play a pivotal role in defining the optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of flexible X-ray detectors. In this Perspective, we spotlight recent landmark advancements in flexible X-ray detectors from the aspects of micro/nano engineering strategies, which are broadly categorized into two prevailing modalities: materials-in-substrate and materials-on-substrate. We also discuss existing challenges hindering the development of flexible X-ray detectors, as well as prospective research opportunities to mitigate these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ou
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Zhongzhu Hong
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qinxia Wu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lili Xie
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yu He
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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2
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Lee H, Trinh BM, Mekonnen TH. Fabrication of Triblock Elastomer Foams and Gelation Studies for Oil Spill Remediation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400232. [PMID: 38840422 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric foamed materials are among the most widely utilized technologies for oil spill accidents and releases of oil-contaminated wastewater oil due to their porosity to absorb and separate oil/water effectively. However, a major limitation of traditional polymeric foams is their reliance on an ad/absorption mechanism as the sole method of oil capture, leading to potential oil leakage once their saturation point is exceeded. Tri-block polymer styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) is a fascinating absorbent material that can bypass this limitation by both capturing oil and providing a sealing mechanism via gelation to prevent oil leakage due to its unique chemical structure. SEBS foams are produced via simultaneous crosslinking and foaming that results in an impressive expansion ratio of up to 15.2 with over 93% porosity. Most importantly, the SEBS foams show great potential as oil absorbents in spill remediation, demonstrating rapid and efficient oil absorption coupled with superhydrophobic properties. Moreover, the unique interaction between the oil and SEBS enables the formation of a physical gel, acting as an effective barrier against oil leakage. These findings indicate the potential for commercializing SEBS foam as a viable option for geotextiles to mitigate oil spill concerns from infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2V 0E6, Canada
| | - Binh M Trinh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2V 0E6, Canada
| | - Tizazu H Mekonnen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2V 0E6, Canada
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3
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Li Y, Jiang J, Huang H, Wang Z, Wang L, Chen B, Zhai W. Comparative Study of the Foaming Behavior of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Foams Fabricated Using Chemical and Physical Foaming Processes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3719. [PMID: 39124388 PMCID: PMC11313140 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a crucial elastomeric resin, finds extensive application in the footwear industry. Conventional chemical foaming agents, including azodicarbonamide and 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), have been identified as environmentally problematic. Hence, this study explores the potential of physical foaming of EVA using supercritical nitrogen as a sustainable alternative, garnering considerable interest in both academia and industry. The EVA formulations and processing parameters were optimized and EVA foams with densities between 0.15 and 0.25 g/cm3 were produced. Key findings demonstrate that physical foaming not only reduces environmental impact but also enhances product quality by a uniform cell structure with small cell size (50-100 μm), a wide foaming temperature window (120-180 °C), and lower energy consumption. The research further elucidates the mechanisms of cell nucleation and growth within the crosslinked EVA network, highlighting the critical role of blowing agent dispersion and localized crosslinking around nucleated cells in defining the foam's cellular morphology. These findings offer valuable insights for producing EVA foams with a more controllable cellular structure, utilizing physical foaming techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junjie Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (B.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (B.C.)
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4
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Basile M, Triunfo C, Gärtner S, Fermani S, Laurenzi D, Maoloni G, Mazzon M, Marzadori C, Adamiano A, Iafisco M, Montroni D, Gómez Morales J, Cölfen H, Falini G. Stearate-Coated Biogenic Calcium Carbonate from Waste Seashells: A Sustainable Plastic Filler. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11232-11242. [PMID: 38496946 PMCID: PMC10938433 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Waste seashells from aquaculture are a massive source of biogenic calcium carbonate (bCC) that can be a potential substitute for ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate. These last materials find several applications in industry after a surface coating with hydrophobic molecules, with stearate as the most used. Here, we investigate for the first time the capability of aqueous stearate dispersions to coat bCC powders from seashells of market-relevant mollusc aquaculture species, namely the oyster Crassostrea gigas, the scallop Pecten jacobaeus, and the clam Chamelea gallina. The chemical-physical features of bCC were extensively characterized by different analytical techniques. The results of stearate adsorption experiments showed that the oyster shell powder, which is the bCC with a higher content of the organic matrix, showed the highest adsorption capability (about 23 wt % compared to 10 wt % of geogenic calcite). These results agree with the mechanism proposed in the literature in which stearate adsorption mainly involves the formation of calcium stearate micelles in the dispersion before the physical adsorption. The coated bCC from oyster shells was also tested as fillers in an ethylene vinyl acetate compound used for the preparation of shoe soles. The obtained compound showed better mechanical performance than the one prepared using ground calcium. In conclusion, we can state that bCC can replace ground and precipitated calcium carbonate and has a higher stearate adsorbing capability. Moreover, they represent an environmentally friendly and sustainable source of calcium carbonate that organisms produce by high biological control over composition, polymorphism, and crystal texture. These features can be exploited for applications in fields where calcium carbonate with selected features is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Luisa Basile
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Triunfo
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano
Marine Center, viale
Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Stefanie Gärtner
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Centre for Industrial Research Health Sciences & Technologies, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Laurenzi
- Plant
Ascoli Piceno, Finproject S.p.A., Via Enrico Mattei, 1—Zona
Ind.le Campolungo, 3100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Gabriele Maoloni
- Plant
Ascoli Piceno, Finproject S.p.A., Via Enrico Mattei, 1—Zona
Ind.le Campolungo, 3100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzon
- DiSTA,
Department
of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Environment, University of Bologna, via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marzadori
- DiSTA,
Department
of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Environment, University of Bologna, via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- Institute
of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Institute
of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Devis Montroni
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jaime Gómez Morales
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto
Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda Las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Yu L, Yu Z, Yang L, Wen S, Zhang ZX. Development of thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer microcellular foam with high resilience: Effect of chain extension on foaming behavior and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings Marine Chemical Research Institute Co. Ltd. 266100 Qingdao China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
| | - Shibao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
| | - Zhen Xiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
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6
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Ates M, Karadag S, Eker AA, Eker B. Polyurethane foam materials and their industrial applications. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ates
- Atespolymer Research group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Degirmenalti Campus, 59030, Tekirdag Turkey
- Nanochem Polymer Energy Company, Silahtaraga Mh., University 1st street, Number: 13/1 Z102, Tekirdag Turkey
| | - Selin Karadag
- Atespolymer Research group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Degirmenalti Campus, 59030, Tekirdag Turkey
| | - Aysegul Akdogan Eker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Yildiz Technical University, 34349, Besiktas Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bulent Eker
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdag Turkey
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7
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Longo A, Giannetti D, Tammaro D, Costanzo S, Di Maio E. TPU-based porous heterostructures by combined techniques. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The production of thermoplastic polyurethane-based porous heterostructures combining physical foaming with fused deposition modeling is detailed in this contribution. The choice of combining these two techniques lies in the possibility of creating objects endowed with a dual-scale structure at millimeter scale by fused deposition modeling and at microscopic scale by gas foaming. Thermal stability and rheological properties of the neat polymer were studied prior to foaming to design a suitable processing protocol and three different combined techniques are proposed: pressure quench, temperature rise and direct 3D foam printing. Foam morphologies were evaluated by SEM and foamed samples were characterized by thermal and mechanical analyses to highlight the differences among the combined processing techniques. Samples foamed via pressure quench exhibit the highest degree of crystallinity and a uniform cell morphology, also resulting in the largest stiffness. The results presented in this contribution open up the possibility of producing objects with complex geometry and porosity architecture at the dual scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Longo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
- foamlab, University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB) , C/o Comprensorio Olivetti, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 , Pozzuoli , Italy
| | - Deborah Giannetti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
- foamlab, University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
| | - Daniele Tammaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
| | - Salvatore Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
- foamlab, University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
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8
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Wang H, Peng X, Liu F, Song X, Wang H, Geng L, Huang A. Facile preparation of super lightweight and highly elastic thermoplastic polyurethane bead blend foam with microporous segregated network structure for good interfacial adhesion. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Li G, Fan G, Fan Y, Jiang J, Shi X, Liu Z. Polystyrene‐poly
(ethylene‐butylene)‐polystyrene/asphaltene sands composite elastomer with improved mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Guang‐Lin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Ying‐Li Fan
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Jin‐Qiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Xian‐Ying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Zhong‐Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
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10
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Wang T, Cui Z, Liu Y, Lu D, Wang M, Wan C, Leow WR, Wang C, Pan L, Cao X, Huang Y, Liu Z, Tok AIY, Chen X. Mechanically Durable Memristor Arrays Based on a Discrete Structure Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106212. [PMID: 34738253 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Memristors constitute a promising functional component for information storage and in-memory computing in flexible and stretchable electronics including wearable devices, prosthetics, and soft robotics. Despite tremendous efforts made to adapt conventional rigid memristors to flexible and stretchable scenarios, stretchable and mechanical-damage-endurable memristors, which are critical for maintaining reliable functions under unexpected mechanical attack, have never been achieved. Here, the development of stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance based on a discrete structure design is reported. The memristors possess large stretchability (40%) and excellent deformability (half-fold), and retain stable performances under dynamic stretching and releasing. It is shown that the memristors maintain reliable functions and preserve information after extreme mechanical damage, including puncture (up to 100 times) and serious tearing situations (fully diagonally cut). The structural strategy offers new opportunities for next-generation stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance, which is vital to achieve reliable functions for flexible and stretchable electronics even in extreme and highly dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zequn Cui
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Dingjie Lu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changjin Wan
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Changxian Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Pan
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xun Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yizhong Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Alfred Iing Yoong Tok
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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11
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Naveen BS, Naseem ABM, Ng CJL, Chan JW, Lee RZX, Teo LET, Wang T, Nripan M, Huang WM. Body-Temperature Programmable Soft-Shape Memory Hybrid Sponges for Comfort Fitting. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3501. [PMID: 34685259 PMCID: PMC8537981 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous shape memory hybrids are fabricated with different matrix (silicone) hardness and different inclusion (polycaprolactone, PCL) ratios. They are characterized to obtain their mechanical response to cyclic loads (with/without pre-straining/programming) and their shape memory performances after body-temperature programming are investigated. These materials are lightweight due to their porous structures. Wetted hydrogels used in the fabrication process for creating pores are reusable and hence this process is eco-friendly. These porous shape memory hybrids exhibit the good shape memory effect of around 90% with higher inclusion (PCL) ratios, which is better than the solid versions reported in the literature. Hence, it is concluded that these materials have great potential to be used in, for instance, insoles and soles for comfort fitting, as demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasundaram Selvan Naveen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (B.S.N.); (A.B.M.N.); (C.J.L.N.); (J.W.C.); (R.Z.X.L.); (L.E.T.T.)
| | - Azharuddin Bin Mohamed Naseem
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (B.S.N.); (A.B.M.N.); (C.J.L.N.); (J.W.C.); (R.Z.X.L.); (L.E.T.T.)
| | - Catherine Jia Lin Ng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (B.S.N.); (A.B.M.N.); (C.J.L.N.); (J.W.C.); (R.Z.X.L.); (L.E.T.T.)
| | - Jun Wei Chan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (B.S.N.); (A.B.M.N.); (C.J.L.N.); (J.W.C.); (R.Z.X.L.); (L.E.T.T.)
| | - Rayner Zheng Xian Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (B.S.N.); (A.B.M.N.); (C.J.L.N.); (J.W.C.); (R.Z.X.L.); (L.E.T.T.)
| | - Leonard Ee Tong Teo
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (B.S.N.); (A.B.M.N.); (C.J.L.N.); (J.W.C.); (R.Z.X.L.); (L.E.T.T.)
| | - Taoxi Wang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China;
| | - Mathews Nripan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Wei Min Huang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (B.S.N.); (A.B.M.N.); (C.J.L.N.); (J.W.C.); (R.Z.X.L.); (L.E.T.T.)
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Kıroğlu C, Kızılcan N. Production and characterization of thermoplastic elastomer foams based on the styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) rubber and thermoplastic material. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomer foams based on styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS)/polypropylene (PP) were produced by using different processing techniques such as extrusion and injection molding to achieve optimized mechanical and thermal properties in terms of strength, elongation, and damping capability. Foaming is a method of introducing gas-filled cells into the material and it is considered an effective way to meet the requirements for higher impact resistance with low density and relatively low hardness. In this study, microspheres were used as a foaming agent and were introduced to the system by using an injection molding machine. They were used in different percentages and ranged from 1 and 3%. They decrease the density of the product thereby lowering the weight and cost. Besides improving damping abilities and decreasing the density, inorganic fillers such as talc, silica, and calcium carbonate were used to increase the mechanical strength, and their effectivity was also investigated. It was observed that a higher amount of foaming agent lowered the density by creating voids in the blend, as expected. The introduction of fillers increases the mechanical properties; however, the density had a negative effect even in the presence of foaming agents. About 3% density reduction can be achieved in the presence of talc and a foaming agent whereas the other fillers had an opposite effect on the density. Accordingly, the impact resistance was affected negatively because of the stiffness of the filler materials, and the highest Izod impact value was 50.2 kJ/m2. The elastic modulus values for foamed samples and filled with CaCO3, talc, and silica were 808, 681, and 552 MPa respectively. Combining foaming and thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) offers a wide variety of possibilities to new and existing applications. In addition to low hardness and density, foaming provides better damping ability thanks to its morphological structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Kıroğlu
- Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Polymer Science and Technology Department, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Nilgün Kızılcan
- Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Polymer Science and Technology Department, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak , Istanbul , Turkey
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , 34469 Maslak , Istanbul , Turkey
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Yang J, Chen Z, Xu D, Liu P, Li L. Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion of Polystyrene Bead Foams by Microwave Sintering for Microplastics Reduction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Pengju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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14
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Thermo-Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced by Natural Fibers Derived from Wet Blue Leather Wastes: A Comparative Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111837. [PMID: 34206121 PMCID: PMC8199571 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigated the possibility to use wet blue (WB) leather wastes as natural reinforcing fibers within different polymer matrices. After their preparation and characterization, WB fibers were melt-mixed at 10 wt.% with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyamide 12 (PA12), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and the obtained samples were subjected to rheological, thermal, thermo-mechanical, and viscoelastic analyses. In parallel, morphological properties such as fiber distribution and dispersion, fiber-matrix adhesion, and fiber exfoliation phenomena were analyzed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to evaluate the relationship between the compounding process, mechanical responses, and morphological parameters. The PLA-based composite exhibited the best results since the Young modulus (+18%), tensile strength (+1.5%), impact (+10%), and creep (+5%) resistance were simultaneously enhanced by the addition of WB fibers, which were well dispersed and distributed in and significantly branched and interlocked with the polymer matrix. PA12- and TPU-based formulations showed a positive behavior (around +47% of the Young modulus and +40% of creep resistance) even if the not-optimal fiber-matrix adhesion and/or the poor de-fibration of WB slightly lowered the tensile strength and elongation at break. Finally, the TPE-based sample exhibited the worst performance because of the poor affinity between hydrophilic WB fibers and the hydrophobic polymer matrix.
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15
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SEBS-b-TPU and nanoclay: effective compatibilizers for promotion of the interfacial adhesion and properties of immiscible SEBS/TPU blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Chen Y, Li D, Zhang H, Ling Y, Wu K, Liu T, Hu D, Zhao L. Antishrinking Strategy of Microcellular Thermoplastic Polyurethane by Comprehensive Modeling Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
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17
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Tomin M, Kmetty Á. Evaluating the cell structure‐impact damping relation of cross‐linked polyethylene foams by falling weight impact tests. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Márton Tomin
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics H‐1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ákos Kmetty
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics H‐1111 Budapest Hungary
- MTA–BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology H‐1111 Budapest Hungary
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tejada-Oliveros R, Balart R, Ivorra-Martinez J, Gomez-Caturla J, Montanes N, Quiles-Carrillo L. Improvement of Impact Strength of Polylactide Blends with a Thermoplastic Elastomer Compatibilized with Biobased Maleinized Linseed Oil for Applications in Rigid Packaging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010240. [PMID: 33466389 PMCID: PMC7796501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research work reports the potential of maleinized linseed oil (MLO) as biobased compatibilizer in polylactide (PLA) and a thermoplastic elastomer, namely, polystyrene-b-(ethylene-ran-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS) blends (PLA/SEBS), with improved impact strength for the packaging industry. The effects of MLO are compared with a conventional polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-b-polystyrene-graft-maleic anhydride terpolymer (SEBS-g-MA) since it is widely used in these blends. Uncompatibilized and compatibilized PLA/SEBS blends can be manufactured by extrusion and then shaped into standard samples for further characterization by mechanical, thermal, morphological, dynamical-mechanical, wetting and colour standard tests. The obtained results indicate that the uncompatibilized PLA/SEBS blend containing 20 wt.% SEBS gives improved toughness (4.8 kJ/m2) compared to neat PLA (1.3 kJ/m2). Nevertheless, the same blend compatibilized with MLO leads to an increase in impact strength up to 6.1 kJ/m2, thus giving evidence of the potential of MLO to compete with other petroleum-derived compatibilizers to obtain tough PLA formulations. MLO also provides increased ductile properties, since neat PLA is a brittle polymer with an elongation at break of 7.4%, while its blend with 20 wt.% SEBS and MLO as compatibilizer offers an elongation at break of 50.2%, much higher than that provided by typical SEBS-g-MA compatibilizer (10.1%). MLO provides a slight decrease (about 3 °C lower) in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PLA-rich phase, thus showing some plasticization effects. Although MLO addition leads to some yellowing due to its intrinsic yellow colour, this can contribute to serving as a UV light barrier with interesting applications in the packaging industry. Therefore, MLO represents a cost-effective and sustainable solution to the use of conventional petroleum-derived compatibilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Balart
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (L.Q.-C.); Tel.: +34-966-528-433 (L.Q.-C.)
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Design and functionalisation of shoe outsoles with antimicrobial properties using additive manufacturing technologies: industrial applications. COMPUT IND 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compind.2020.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Development of Poly (Lactide Acid) Foams with Thermally Expandable Microspheres. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020463. [PMID: 32079245 PMCID: PMC7077686 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the investigation of different content of thermally expandable microsphere (EMS) type of a physical blowing agent added to polylactic acid (PLA). The effects of the different doses of EMS, processing temperatures, and d-lactide content of the polylactic acid were analyzed for foam properties and structures. We characterized the different PLAs and the physical blowing agent with different testing methods (gel permeation chromatography, rotational rheometry, isothermal thermogravimetric analysis, and thermomechanical analysis). The amounts of the foaming agent were 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 wt%, and processing temperatures were 190 °C, 210 °C, and 230 °C. The foam structures were produced by twin-screw extrusion. We used scanning electron microscopy to examine the cell structure of the foams produced, and carried out morphological and mechanical tests as well. The result of extrusion foaming of PLA using different amounts of EMS shows that an exponentially decreasing tendency of density reduction can be achieved, described by the following equation, ρ(x)=1.062∙e-x7.038+0.03 (R2 = 0.947) at 190 °C. With increasing processing temperature, density decreases at a lower rate, due to the effect that the microspheres are unable to hold the pentane gas within the polymer shell structure. The d-lactide content of the PLAs does not have a significant effect on the density of the produced foam structures.
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