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Cheng N, Barfoot KL, Le Cozannet R, Fança-Berthon P, Lamport DJ, Williams CM. Wild Blueberry Extract Intervention in Healthy Older Adults: A Multi-Study, Randomised, Controlled Investigation of Acute Cognitive and Cardiovascular Effects. Nutrients 2024; 16:1180. [PMID: 38674870 PMCID: PMC11054866 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian and homeostatic declines in cognitive performance are observed during the day, most commonly at 14:00. Additionally, postprandial reductions in cognitive ability have been widely demonstrated 1 h after lunch consumption, affecting domains of executive functioning (EF), episodic memory (EM), and attention. Existing evidence shows that anthocyanin-rich foods such as berries may improve or attenuate the decline in EF and EM in ageing adults. Further research is required to assess whether extracts such as wild blueberry extract (WBE) may be beneficial for cognitive function across an acute timeframe, including known periods of reduced functioning. OBJECTIVES (1) Study 1: ROAB: To investigate the efficacy of WBE in maintaining EF and EM throughout the day alongside measures of cardiovascular outcomes in healthy older adults. A range of WBE doses were utilised to identify the optimal dose at which cognitive and cardiovascular effects occur. (2) Study 2: BEAT: To replicate alleviation of cognitive decline during a predicted post-lunch dip whilst also improving cardiovascular outcomes following acute WBE 222 mg supplementation. METHODS Both studies employed a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled design to explore the effects of WBE intervention versus placebo on several outcomes, including EM, EF, blood pressure, and heart rate in a healthy older adult population (aged 68-75). In ROAB, 28 participants received a single dose of WBE 111 mg, 222 mg, 444 mg, or 888 mg or placebo over a 5-week period, each separated by a 1-week washout. Outcomes were measured at 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h post intervention, with intervention occurring immediately after baseline (0 h). In BEAT, 45 participants received WBE 222 mg and placebo (1-week washout). Outcomes were measured at 0 h and 6 h (14:00) when a post-lunch dip was anticipated. This was further enhanced by consumption of lunch 1 h prior to cognitive testing. The WBE 222 mg intervention aligned with known peaks in plasma blueberry polyphenol metabolites at 2 h post dosing, which would coincide with a predicted drop in post-lunch performance. RESULTS ROAB: A significant dip in executive function was apparent at the 4 h timepoint for placebo only, indicating attenuation for WBE doses. Strikingly, WBE 222 mg produced acute reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo. BEAT: EF reaction time was found to be significantly faster for WBE 222 compared to placebo at the predicted post-lunch dip (14:00), with no other notable benefits on a range of cognitive and cardiovascular outcomes. CONCLUSION These two studies indicate that WBE may have cardiovascular benefits and attenuate the natural cognitive decline observed over the course of the day, particularly when a decline is associated with a circadian rhythm-driven postprandial dip. However, it is important to acknowledge that effects were subtle, and benefits were only observed on a small number of outcomes. Further research is required to explore the utility of WBE in populations already experiencing mild cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Cheng
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6ES, UK; (N.C.); (K.L.B.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Katie L. Barfoot
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6ES, UK; (N.C.); (K.L.B.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Romain Le Cozannet
- Givaudan France Naturals, 250 rue Pierre Bayle, BP 81218, 84911 Avignon, France; (R.L.C.); (P.F.-B.)
| | - Pascale Fança-Berthon
- Givaudan France Naturals, 250 rue Pierre Bayle, BP 81218, 84911 Avignon, France; (R.L.C.); (P.F.-B.)
| | - Daniel J. Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6ES, UK; (N.C.); (K.L.B.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Claire M. Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6ES, UK; (N.C.); (K.L.B.); (D.J.L.)
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Makowski MS, Trockel MT, Menon NK, Wang H, Katznelson L, Shanafelt TD. Performance Nutrition for Physician Trainees Working Overnight Shifts: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:426-435. [PMID: 34753859 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare acute effects of 2 dietary interventions with usual dietary habits on physician trainees' alertness during overnight shifts. METHOD This registered, controlled, block randomized crossover trial (NCT03698123) was conducted between October 2018 and May 2019 at Stanford Medicine. Physician trainees working at least 3 overnight shifts during a 1-week period were recruited. During the first night, participants followed their usual dietary habits. During the intervention nights (low carbohydrate-to-protein ratio and high carbohydrate-to-protein ratio interventions), participants received healthy dinners, snacks, water, and, upon request, caffeinated beverages, at the beginning of their shifts and were instructed to eat meals before 10 pm. The sequence of interventions on the second and third nights were block randomized across study weeks. Outcome measures (a priori) were overnight changes in validated measures of specific neurobehavioral dimensions: psychomotor vigilance, sensory-motor speed, working memory, and risk decision making, as well as self-reported sleepiness and work exhaustion. RESULTS Sixty-one physician trainees participated in this study. Compared with usual dietary habits, overnight changes in psychomotor vigilance scores (scale 0-1,000) improved by 51.02 points (95% CI: 12.08, 89.96) and sleepiness (scale 1-7) improved by 0.69 points (95% CI: 0.33, 1.05) under the low carbohydrate-to-protein ratio intervention. Compared with usual dietary habits, overnight changes in sleepiness (scale 1-7) improved by 0.61 points (95% CI: 0.25, 0.96) under the high carbohydrate-to-protein ratio intervention. Neither intervention had beneficial effects relative to usual dietary habits with respect to sensory-motor speed, working memory, risk decision making, or work exhaustion. There were no differences in outcomes between low carbohydrate-to-protein ratio and high carbohydrate-to-protein ratio interventions. CONCLUSIONS Dietary interventions may mitigate negative effects of physician trainee sleep deprivation during overnight shifts. Future studies are warranted to further examine the effectiveness of nutritional strategies on physician alertness during overnight shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Makowski
- M.S. Makowski is clinical assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0823-5376
| | - Mickey T Trockel
- M.T. Trockel is clinical professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-5791
| | - Nikitha K Menon
- N.K. Menon is social science research professional, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-1561
| | - Hanhan Wang
- H. Wang is a biostatistician, Stanford Medicine WellMD and WellPhD Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4076-3443
| | - Laurence Katznelson
- L. Katznelson is professor of neurosurgery and medicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Medicine, and associate dean of graduate medical education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-5714
| | - Tait D Shanafelt
- T.D. Shanafelt is professor of medicine, Department of Medicine, chief wellness officer, Stanford Medicine, and associate dean, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-5202
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Datta N, Bidopia T, Datta S, Mittal G, Alphin F, Marsh EJ, Fitzsimons GJ, Strauman TJ, Zucker NL. Meal skipping and cognition along a spectrum of restrictive eating. Eat Behav 2020; 39:101431. [PMID: 32957009 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inadequate nutrition adversely impacts brain development and cognitive functioning (Pollitt et al., 1983). Studies examining the acute impact of eating regular meals on cognition have reported inconsistent findings, necessitating the exploration of individual differences in samples contributing to equivocal results. The present study examines the impact of skipping lunch on cognitive ability in college-aged students by including eating restraint as a moderator. METHODS Participants were 99 college-aged students (M = 19.7 years, SD = 1.5) randomized to a blinded 'lunch' or 'lunch-omission' condition, and assessed on memory, attention, processing speed, set shifting, and eating disorder symptomology. RESULTS Regressing long and short-term memory on the lunch manipulation, eating restraint scores, and their interaction revealed significant interactions: those who had lunch had superior memory performance, but only for those reporting lower levels of eating restraint. Regressing set shifting speed on the manipulation, those who had lunch had slower set shifting speed than those who skipped, but only for those reporting lower levels of eating restraint. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that skipping lunch may have immediate consequences on cognition, however, cognitive enhancing effects may be diminished in the presence of even low levels of eating restraint. Findings highlight the significance of purported subclinical levels of eating restraint and may inform health education strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Datta
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Tatyana Bidopia
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samir Datta
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gaurie Mittal
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Franca Alphin
- Duke University Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Marsh
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Strauman
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancy L Zucker
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
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Short-term effects of carbohydrates differing in glycemic index (GI) consumed at lunch on children's cognitive function in a randomized crossover study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:757-764. [PMID: 32203229 PMCID: PMC8626315 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Intervention studies suggest an influence of breakfast dietary glycemic index (GI) on children’s cognition. The Cognition Intervention Study Dortmund-GI-I study examined whether lunch dietary GI might have short-term effects on selected cognitive parameters. Methods A randomized crossover study was performed at a comprehensive school on 2 test days. One hundred and eighty-nine participants (5th and 6th grade) were randomly assigned to one of the two sequences, medium-high GI (m-hGI) or high-medium GI (h-mGI), following block randomization. In the first period, one group received a dish containing hGI rice (GI: 86) ad libitum, the other mGI rice (GI: 62)—1 week later, in the second period, vice versa. Tonic alertness, task switching, and working memory updating were tested with a computerized test battery 45 min after beginning of lunch break. Treatment effects were estimated using the t test for normally distributed data or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for non-normally distributed data. Results The crossover approach revealed no effects of lunch dietary GI on the tested cognitive parameters in the early afternoon. However, we determined carryover effects for two parameters, and therefore analyzed only data of the first period. The reaction time of the two-back task (working memory updating) was faster (p = 0.001) and the count of commission errors in the alertness task was lower (p = 0.04) in the hGI group. Conclusion No evidence of short-term effects of lunch dietary GI on cognition of schoolchildren was found. Potential positive effects on single parameters of working memory updating and tonic alertness favoring hGI rice need to be verified.
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Liossi C, Georgallis T, Zhang J, Hamilton F, White P, Schoth DE. Internet-delivered attentional bias modification training (iABMT) for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e030607. [PMID: 32086350 PMCID: PMC7045192 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a complex medical condition that can significantly impact quality of life. Patients with chronic pain demonstrate attentional biases towards pain-related information. The therapeutic benefits of modifying attentional biases by implicitly training attention away from pain-related information towards neutral information have been supported in a small number of published studies. Limited research however has explored the efficacy of modifying pain-related biases via the internet. This protocol describes a randomised, double-blind, internet-delivered attentional bias modification intervention, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention on reducing pain interference. Secondary outcomes are pain intensity, state and trait anxiety, depression, pain-related fear, and sleep impairment. This study will also explore the effects of training intensity on these outcomes, along with participants' perceptions about the therapy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is a double-blind, randomised controlled trial with four arms exploring the efficacy of online attentional bias modification training versus placebo training theorised to offer no specific therapeutic benefit. Participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain will be randomised to one of four groups: (1) 10-session attentional modification group; (2) 10-session placebo training group; (3) 18-session attentional modification group; or (4) 18-session placebo training group. In the attentional modification groups, the probe-classification version of the visual-probe task will be used to implicitly train attention away from threatening information towards neutral information. Following the intervention, participants will complete a short interview exploring their perceptions about the online training. In addition, a subgroup analysis for participants aged 16-24 and 25-60 will be undertaken. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the University of Southampton Research Ethics Committee. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, academic conferences, and in lay reports for pain charities and patient support groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02232100; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Liossi
- Pain Research Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Tsampikos Georgallis
- Pain Research Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Jin Zhang
- Pain Research Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Fiona Hamilton
- Pain Research Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Paul White
- Applied Statistics Group, Engineering, Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel Eric Schoth
- Pain Research Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
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Makowski MS, Shanafelt TD, Hausel A, Bohman BD, Roberts R, Trockel MT. Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Sleep-Related Impairment in a Cohort of Community Physicians: A Cross-sectional Study. Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 15:644-652. [PMID: 34916885 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619871923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that diet can mitigate fatigue. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between dietary habits and sleep-related impairment (SRI) in a cohort of community physicians. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 245 physicians who had completed a wellness survey in March 2016 (98% response rate). Three dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis: plant based, high protein, and high saturated fat and sugar. In the adjusted analysis, every SD increase in the plant-based dietary pattern score was associated with a 0.71-point decrease (β = -0.72; SE = 0.32; P = .027; 95% CI = -1.35 to -0.08) in the SRI score, and every SD increase in the high saturated fat and sugar dietary pattern score was associated with a 0.77-point increase (β = 0.77; SE = 0.32; P = .015; 95% CI = 0.15 to 1.39) in the SRI score. There were no associations between high protein diets and SRI scores. Physicians adhering to diets that are high in plant-based foods and low in saturated fat and added sugars had less SRI. Physicians currently face significant barriers to maintaining a healthy diet. This study highlights the potential role of workplace nutrition on SRI and work performance of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Makowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (MSH, MTT), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Medicine and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (TDS), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (BDB), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,University HealthCare Alliance, California (AH, BDB).,University Medical Partners, California (RR)
| | - Tait D Shanafelt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (MSH, MTT), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Medicine and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (TDS), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (BDB), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,University HealthCare Alliance, California (AH, BDB).,University Medical Partners, California (RR)
| | - Andrea Hausel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (MSH, MTT), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Medicine and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (TDS), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (BDB), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,University HealthCare Alliance, California (AH, BDB).,University Medical Partners, California (RR)
| | - Bryan D Bohman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (MSH, MTT), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Medicine and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (TDS), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (BDB), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,University HealthCare Alliance, California (AH, BDB).,University Medical Partners, California (RR)
| | - Rachel Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (MSH, MTT), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Medicine and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (TDS), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (BDB), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,University HealthCare Alliance, California (AH, BDB).,University Medical Partners, California (RR)
| | - Mickey T Trockel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (MSH, MTT), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Medicine and Stanford Medicine WellMD
- WellPhD Center (TDS), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (BDB), Stanford University School of Medicine, California.,University HealthCare Alliance, California (AH, BDB).,University Medical Partners, California (RR)
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Castellani C, Singer G, Eibisberger M, Petnehazy T, Wernitznigg D, Kaulfersch C, Fritsch G, Spitzer P, Till H. An epidemiologic analysis of winter sport accidents on ski slopes comparing two seasons. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:648-654. [PMID: 29877678 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this investigation was to provide a detailed analysis of accidents on ski slopes of Styrian resorts comparing two winter seasons. METHODS Accident data requiring the presence of the ski patrol of the seasons 2007/08 (10 skiing resorts with 1029 injuries) and 2014/15 (8 resorts with 1844 injuries) were recorded. Accidents were normalized to 1000 skier days and 10000 lift transports. Patients were followed to hospitals to obtain information about injured body region, final diagnosis and type of treatment. RESULTS A slight increase of injuries from 0.5 to 0.7 per 1000 skier-days was found (P=0.046). Overall, the knee was most commonly affected followed by shoulder, lower leg, head and forearm. While the shoulder was most often affected in men the knee was most commonly affected in women. Patients <15 years had a higher prevalence of forearm injuries. Comparing the two seasons the use of helmets and spine protectors increased, associated with decreased injuries of these body regions. The hospitalization rate was 26% in both seasons; patients <15 years required less inpatient treatment than older ones. CONCLUSIONS Different injury patterns between gender and age-groups have to be taken into account for future preventive measures. The increased acceptance of safety equipment was associated with reduced injury rates of the respective body regions. Results of the present study can facilitate to develop future injury prevention strategies in order to further decrease the number of casualties on ski slopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Castellani
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Singer
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria -
| | - Margarita Eibisberger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Petnehazy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Wernitznigg
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Georg Fritsch
- Department of Trauma, Deaconess Hospital Schladming, Schladming, Austria
| | - Peter Spitzer
- Research Center for Childhood Accidents, Safe Kids Austria, Graz, Austria
| | - Holger Till
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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The effectiveness of healthy meals at work on reaction time, mood and dietary intake: a randomised cross-over study in daytime and shift workers at an university hospital. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:121-129. [PMID: 28820084 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700191x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our dietary habits affect both cognitive performance and mood. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of increased availability of healthy meals and water at work on healthcare staff. The study used an 8-week randomised cross-over design. A total of sixty physicians, nurses and nursing assistants, including sixteen working on shifts, were recruited. The participants received a self-selected keyhole-labelled (Nordic nutrition label) lunch, snack and bottled water during each shift throughout the intervention period. Reaction time (Go/No-Go test), mood-related scores (POMS) and dietary intake were assessed at run-in, and at the end of the intervention and the control periods. The intake of fat (P=0·030) and PUFA (P=0·003) was lower, and the intake of carbohydrate (P=0·008), dietary fibre (P=0·031) and water (P<0·001) was greater in the intervention period than in the control period. The intervention had no effect on reaction time or any of the mood-related scores in the group as a whole. In shift-working participants, the intervention period resulted in a 31·1 % lower Fatigue-Inertia Score (P=0·003), a 15·3 % higher Vigour-Activity Score (P=0·041) and a 42·7 % lower Total Mood Disturbance Score (P=0·017), whereas the only dietary component that significantly improved was water intake (P=0·034), when compared with the control period. Providing healthy meals, snacks and water during working hours seems to be an effective way of improving employees' dietary intake. Moreover, increased intake of water may be associated with beneficial effects on fatigue, vigour and total mood in shift-working healthcare staff.
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Lunch at school and children's cognitive functioning in the early afternoon: results from the Cognition Intervention Study Dortmund Continued (CoCo). Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1298-1305. [PMID: 27608921 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies about effects of school lunch on children's cognition are rare; two previous studies (CogniDo, CogniDo PLUS) generally found no negative effects of lunch on children's cognitive performance at the end of lunch break (i.e. 45 min after finishing lunch), but suggested potential beneficial effects for single parameters. Therefore, the present study investigated the hypothesis of potential positive effects of school lunch on cognitive performance at early afternoon (90 min after finishing lunch). A randomised, cross-over intervention trial was conducted at a comprehensive school with fifth and sixth grade students. Participants were randomised into two groups: On day 1, group 1 did not eat lunch, whereas group 2 received lunch ad libitum. On day 2 (1 week later), group 2 did not eat lunch and group 1 received lunch ad libitum. The cognitive parameters task switching, working memory updating and alertness were tested using a computerised test battery 90 min after finishing the meal. Of the 204 recruited children, fifty were excluded because of deviations from the study protocol or absence on one of the 2 test days, which resulted in 154 participants. Data showed no significant effects of lunch on task switching, working memory updating and alertness (P values between 0·07 and 0·79). The present study suggests that school lunch does not seem to have beneficial effects on children's cognitive functions regarding the conducted tests at early afternoon. Together with our previous studies, we conclude that school lunch in general has no negative effects on cognitive performance in children. However, beneficial effects seem to be restricted to a relatively short time period after eating lunch.
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Age and time trends in eating frequency and duration of nightly fasting of German children and adolescents. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2507-2517. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schröder M, Müller K, Falkenstein M, Stehle P, Kersting M, Libuda L. Short-term effects of lunch on children's executive cognitive functioning: The randomized crossover Cognition Intervention Study Dortmund PLUS (CogniDo PLUS). Physiol Behav 2015; 152:307-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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