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Bel Haj Rhouma R, Ardhaoui M, Othman H, Ben Jemia Z, Zine El Abidine A, Fehri E, Ouerheni K, Laassili T, Tounsi H, Guizani I, Boubaker MS, Ennaifer E. The E6 gene polymorphism of Human papillomavirus 16 in relation to the risk of cervical cancer in Tunisian women. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 116:105536. [PMID: 38048896 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is the most prevalent HPV type worldwide and in Tunisia and the major carcinogenic HPV type found in cervical precancers and cancers. Previous studies have reported that genetic diversity of HPV16-E6 oncoprotein might be associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progression. In this study we aimed to investigate the prevalence of HPV-16 E6 variants in precancerous lesions in Tunisian population to assess potential correlation with disease severity. Positive HPV cervical samples were obtained from the Laboratory of Anatomy Pathology of Pasteur Institute of Tunis. Cytological study was performed to identify cervical precancerous lesions. HPVs were typed using Reverse Line Hybridization. Only samples with HPV-16 single infection were selected for HP16-E6 genetic diversity investigation. HPV-16 E6 gene amplification was performed by PCR using specific primers and sequenced by Sanger Sequencing. The multiple alignment of generated sequences was performed using MEGAX software. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using Maximum Likehood method. The ternary complex of E6, E6AP and p53 core domain was used to perform in silico point mutations and thermodynamic calculations to assess stability and binding affinity. Genetic analysis of Tunisian E6-HPV16 sequences showed the presence of three lineages: European (A), African (C) and Asian American (D). Interestingly, the EUR variants were identified as the dominant lineage of HPV-16 and HPV-16 E6 350 G (L83V) was the most detected mutation in precancerous lesions. Modelling data showed that African variants induced the largest destabilizing effect on E6 structure and decreasing thereby in the affinity toward E6AP. Therefore, women infected with European variants are associated with low and high intraepithelial lesions. The findings give useful information for personalized decision algorithms of intra-epithelial cervical neoplasia in Tunisian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima Bel Haj Rhouma
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; High Institute of Sciences and Technology of Environments of Borj-Cedria, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Monia Ardhaoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia; Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zeineb Ben Jemia
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zine El Abidine
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Fehri
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kaouther Ouerheni
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thalja Laassili
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Tounsi
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Guizani
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Med Samir Boubaker
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Ennaifer
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Zhu M, Li X, Feng Y, Jia T, Li S, Gong L, Dong S, Kong X, Sun L. Impact of CD40 gene polymorphisms on the risk of cervical squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:845. [PMID: 37691121 PMCID: PMC10494347 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Genome-wide association studies have revealed multiple susceptible genes and their polymorphisms for cervical cancer risk. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD40 gene and susceptibility to cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in a population from the northeastern Han Chinese population. METHODS The three SNPs (rs1800686, rs3765459, and rs4810485) of the CD40 gene were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with next-generation sequencing methods in 421 patients with CSCC, 594 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and 504 healthy females. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the potential relationship between CD40 gene polymorphisms and CSCC, or HSIL. RESULTS Our research results showed the AA genotype of rs1800686 had a protective effect on CSCC in comparison to the GG genotype and AG+GG genotypes (AA vs. GG: p = 0.0389 and AA vs. AG+GG: p = 0.0280, respectively). After FDR correction, the results were still statistically significant (p = 0.0389 and p = 0.0389, respectively). Similarly, rs3765459 showed a reduced risk association for CSCC in the codominant and recessive models (AA vs. GG: p = 0.0286 and AA vs. AG+GG: p = 0.0222, respectively). Significant differences remained after FDR correction (p = 0.0286 and p = 0.0286, respectively). However, these differences were no longer significant after the Bonferroni correction. In addition, the genotypes for the rs4810485 polymorphisms were associated with parity of the patients with CSCC. The genotypes for the rs3765459 polymorphisms were significantly correlated with the D-dimer of the patients with CSCC. The 3 SNPs genotypes of the CD40 gene were closely related to the squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) of the patients with HSIL. CONCLUSIONS The CD40 gene may play a role in the occurrence and development of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manning Zhu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tianshuang Jia
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songxue Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Gong
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianchao Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Souiai O, Sallemi A. Retrospective Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Analysis of the Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 Gene in the Mediterranean Region. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231178598. [PMID: 37313033 PMCID: PMC10259103 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231178598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is considered to be strongly correlated with the development of cervical cancer. Among the 8 HPV16 genes, the E6 constitutes a remarkable marker to follow the evolutionary history and spatial phylodynamics of HPV16 in the Mediterranean basin. Thus, this work aims to decipher the major evolutionary events and crosstalks in the Mediterranean basin with a focus on Tunisian strains regarding the E6 oncogene. In this study, we first extracted the available and annotated Mediterranean strains of HPV16 E6 gene sequences (n = 155) from the NCBI nucleotide database. These sequences were aligned, edited, and used for the downstream phylogenetic analyses. Finally, a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach was applied to reconstruct the evolutionary history of HPV16 migration. Our results showed that the HPV circulating in Tunisia derived from a Croatian ancestor around the year 1987. This starting point spreads to most European countries to reach northern Africa through the Moroccan gateway in 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Souiai
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (BIMS), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Sallemi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (BIMS), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
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Choi S, Ismail A, Pappas-Gogos G, Boussios S. HPV and Cervical Cancer: A Review of Epidemiology and Screening Uptake in the UK. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020298. [PMID: 36839570 PMCID: PMC9960303 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in females worldwide, and a leading cause of death in the United Kingdom (UK). The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the strongest risk factor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. Across the UK, the national HPV immunisation programme, introduced in 2008, has been successful in protecting against HPV-related infections. Furthermore, the National Health Service (NHS) implemented the cytology-based cervical cancer screening service to all females aged 25 to 64, which has observed a decline in cervical cancer incidence. In the UK, there has been an overall decline in age-appropriate coverage since April 2010. In 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted NHS cancer screening and immunisation programmes, leading to a 6.8% decreased uptake of cervical cancer screening from the previous year. Engagement with screening has also been associated with social deprivation. In England, incidence rates of cervical cancer were reported to be 65% higher in the most deprived areas compared to the least, with lifestyle factors such as cigarette consumption contributing to 21% of cervical cancer cases. In this article, we provide an update on the epidemiology of cervical cancer, and HPV pathogenesis and transmission, along with the current prevention programmes within the NHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Choi
- GKT School of Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ayden Ismail
- GKT School of Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - George Pappas-Gogos
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 6th Kilometer, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Kent, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki—Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: or or or
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Hewavisenti RV, Arena J, Ahlenstiel CL, Sasson SC. Human papillomavirus in the setting of immunodeficiency: Pathogenesis and the emergence of next-generation therapies to reduce the high associated cancer risk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112513. [PMID: 36960048 PMCID: PMC10027931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus infecting mucosal or cutaneous stratified epithelia, is implicated in the rising of associated cancers worldwide. While HPV infection can be cleared by an adequate immune response, immunocompromised individuals can develop persistent, treatment-refractory, and progressive disease. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) associated with HPV-related disease include inborn errors of GATA, EVER1/2, and CXCR4 mutations, resulting in defective cellular function. People living with secondary immunodeficiency (e.g. solid-organ transplants recipients of immunosuppression) and acquired immunodeficiency (e.g. concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection) are also at significant risk of HPV-related disease. Immunocompromised people are highly susceptible to the development of cutaneous and mucosal warts, and cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal carcinomas. The specific mechanisms underlying high-risk HPV-driven cancer development in immunocompromised hosts are not well understood. Current treatments for HPV-related cancers include surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, with clinical trials underway to investigate the use of anti-PD-1 therapy. In the setting of HIV co-infection, persistent high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia can occur despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, resulting in an ongoing risk for transformation to overt malignancy. Although therapeutic vaccines against HPV are under development, the efficacy of these in the setting of PID, secondary- or acquired- immunodeficiencies remains unclear. RNA-based therapeutic targeting of the HPV genome or mRNA transcript has become a promising next-generation therapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of HPV pathogenesis, immune evasion, and malignant transformation, with a focus on key PIDs, secondary immunodeficiencies, and HIV infection. Current management and vaccine regimes are outlined in relation to HPV-driven cancer, and specifically, the need for more effective therapeutic strategies for immunocompromised hosts. The recent advances in RNA-based gene targeting including CRISPR and short interfering RNA (siRNA), and the potential application to HPV infection are of great interest. An increased understanding of both the dysregulated immune responses in immunocompromised hosts and of viral persistence is essential for the design of next-generation therapies to eliminate HPV persistence and cancer development in the most at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana V. Hewavisenti
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Arena
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantelle L. Ahlenstiel
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Sasson
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sarah C. Sasson,
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Tawe L, Choga WT, Paganotti GM, Bareng OT, Ntereke TD, Ramatlho P, Ditshwanelo D, Gaseitsiwe S, Kasvosve I, Ramogola-Masire D, Orang'o OE, Robertson E, Zetola N, Moyo S, Grover S, Ermel AC. Genetic diversity in L1 ORF of human papillomavirus in women with cervical cancer with and without human immunodeficiency virus in Botswana and Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:95. [PMID: 35086475 PMCID: PMC8796425 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variation of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes shapes the risks of cervical cancer and these variations are not well defined in Africa. Nucleotide changes within the L1 gene, nucleotide variability, and phylogeny were explored in relation to HIV in samples from Botswana and Kenya. METHODS A total of 98 HPV-positive cervical samples were sequenced to identify different HPV variants. Phylogenetic inferences were used to determine HPV genotypes and investigate the clustering of sequences between women living with HIV (WLWHIV) and -women not living with HIV (WNLWHIV). RESULTS Out of 98 generated sequences, 83.7% (82/98) participants had high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes while 16.3% (16/98) had low-risk (LR) HPV genotypes. Among participants with HR-HPV genotypes, 47.6% (39/82) were coinfected with HIV. The prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes was statistically higher in the Botswana population compared to Kenya (p-value < 0.001). Multiple amino acid mutations were identified in both countries. Genetic diversity differed considerably among WLWHIV and WNLWHIV. The mean pairwise distances between HPV-16 between HIV and HIV/HPV as well as for HPV-18 were statistically significant. Six (6) new deleterious mutations were identified in the HPV genotypes based on the sequencing of the L1 region, HPV-16 (L441P, S343P), HPV-18 (S424P), HPV-45 (Q366H, Y365F), and HPV-84 (F458L). The majority of the patients with these mutations were co-infected with HIV. CONCLUSIONS Genomic diversity and different genomic variants of HPV sequences were demonstrated. Candidate novel mutations within the L1 gene were identified in both countries which can be further investigated using functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leabaneng Tawe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00712, Gaborone, Botswana.
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Wonderful T Choga
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Giacomo M Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ontlametse T Bareng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00712, Gaborone, Botswana
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Pleasure Ramatlho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00712, Gaborone, Botswana
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ishmael Kasvosve
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00712, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Doreen Ramogola-Masire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Erle Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicola Zetola
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Surbhi Grover
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron C Ermel
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Genetic Diversity of HPV 16 and HPV 18 Based on Partial Long Control Region in Iranian Women. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:4759871. [PMID: 35126798 PMCID: PMC8808245 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4759871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV 18 account for 75% of all cervical cancers. The L1 gene, encoding the major surface protein (MSP), is used to classify HPV types (lineages and sublineages), genotypes, and intratypic variants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the lineages, sublineages, genetic variabilities, and mutation effects on transcription factor binding sites by using partial sequences of the HPV 16 and HPV 18 long control regions (LCRs) in these samples. Materials and Methods After DNA isolation from 56 positive samples, the LCR of HPV 16 and HPV 18 were amplified using specific primers, and phylogenetic trees were drawn through MEGA X. Compared to the reference sequences, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. The transcription binding sites were also evaluated using the online PROMO database. Results The LCRs of 52 samples were successfully sequenced. Overall, 81.58% of all HPV 16 variants belonged to the D1 sublineage, followed by A4 (13.16%), A1 (2.63%), and C1 (2.63%) sublineages. All HPV 18 isolates belonged to A sublineage, 92.85% to A3 sublineage, and 7.15% to A4 sublineage. Out of 27 SNPs in the HPV 16 LCR, A7382T, T7384G, C7387T, C7393G, A7431G, T7448C, and C7783A were HPV 16-specific. Also, among 14 SNPs in the HPV 18 LCR, C7577A and A7943T were not previously reported. An insertion (C) between 7432 and 7433 positions was identified in all studied HPV 16 variants. Besides, most of the HPV 16 mutations were embedded in the YY1, TFIID, Oct-2, and NF-1 binding sites, while c-Fos and MBF1, as the most common binding sites, were affected by HPV 18 LCR mutations. Conclusion The present results showed that D1 and A3 were the dominant sublineages of HPV 16 and HPV 18, respectively. Therefore, women infected with these variants need to be examined in further longitudinal studies to obtain more information about the oncogenic potential of these dominant variants in Iran. Besides, YY1, TFIID, Oct-2, NF-1, c-Fos, and MBF1 were the most frequent binding sites, which were influenced by the mutations.
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Milošević F, Gatarić N, Knežević A. The analysis of L1 gene variability of Human papilloma virus type 16 in our population. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/mp73-35462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human papilloma viruses (HPV) have been identified as a major etiological factor in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. High-risk type HPV16 has the greatest medical significance. Based on differences in the nucleotide sequence of the type 16 genome, the existence of 16 variants of this type with different geographical distribution has been shown. Aim: Examination of the nucleotide sequence variability of the L1 gene presented in HPV16 variants in our territory. Material and methods: The paper includes 37 sequences of HPV16 L1 genes taken from the database of the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade. The sequences were compared with the reference sequences of the HPV16 variants and the construction of the phylogenetic tree was done using the MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis, version X) software package. Results: Out of the 37 HPV16 L1 analyzed gene sequences, 23 were grouped with European variants. Other isolates were grouped with non-European HPV16 variants. The nucleotide distance was less than 1%, that is, at the level of subvariants. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the European variants of the HPV16 virus are the most common in our population, but they also indicate the presence of non-European variants. Further analysis is necessary in order to monitor the circulation of HPV16 variants in our population.
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Salavatiha Z, Shoja Z, Heydari N, Marashi SM, Younesi S, Nozarian Z, Jalilvand S. Lineage analysis of human papillomavirus type 18 based on E6 region in cervical samples of Iranian women. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3815-3820. [PMID: 32644190 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Distinct human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 variants are thought to differ in oncogenic potential and geographic distribution. As such, understanding the regional variants of HPV 18 would be of great importance for evolutionary, epidemiological, and biological analysis. In this regard, the sequence variations of E6 gene were investigated to characterize more common variants of HPV 18 in normal cells, premalignant, and malignant samples collected from the cervix. In total, 99 samples of HPV 18 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. In overall, lineages A was identified in all study subjects, among which sublineage A4 was dominant although the difference observed was not statistically significant with regard to different stages of disease. Sublineage A4 comprised 90.9% of samples and the remaining were belonged to sublineages A1, A2, A3, and A5 at the frequency of 6.1%, 1%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings clearly highlight the sublineage A4 of HPV 18 as the most dominant variant in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Heydari
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdid Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarang Younesi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Nilou Medical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Nozarian
- Department of Pathology, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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