Association of CYP1A1 rs1048943 Polymorphism with Prostate Cancer in Iraqi Men Patients

Development of a T-ARMS-PCR Assay for Detecting Genetic Polymorphism in the Catalase (rs7943316) Gene in the Iraqi Population with Breast Cancer

Numerous investigations have demonstrated that oxidative stress is markedly increased in breast cancer patients compared to their healthy counterparts. Catalase (CAT), a crucial antioxidant enzyme, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding cells against oxidative damage initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The CAT (rs7943316) gene encodes catalase, and certain genetic variations in this gene have been observed to modify catalase activity and levels. Such changes can lead to an altered response to oxidative stress, potentially increasing the risk of breast cancer. In light of this, a novel tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system (T-ARMS)-PCR assay was developed to investigate the possible correlation between the CAT (rs7943316) gene polymorphism and the development of breast cancer in patients. This method employs a one-step PCR, which is faster, more cost-effective, and more precise than existing techniques. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate the accuracy of our findings. The T-ARMS-PCR assay revealed a significant association between the A/T allele of the CAT (rs7943316) gene and breast cancer. Specifically, individuals with the TT genotype had a higher risk of developing breast cancer than those with the AA genotype. The T allele frequency was greater among breast cancer patients than in the control group, and genotype frequencies were consistent with the principles of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. This study is the first to showcase a rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput method for detecting the SNP in the CAT (rs7943316) gene. This method has the potential to be employed in large-scale clinical trials.

The genetic variant rs55986091 HLA-DQB1 is associated with a protective effect against cervical cancer

Introduction

Cervical cancer (CC) is a prevalent malignancy affecting women globally. The primary causative factor of CC is the high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). However, it is noteworthy that not all women infected with HR-HPV develop cancer, indicating the potential involvement of genetic predisposition in the development of CC. This study aims to identify genetic risks and their distribution in groups of women with different epidemiological features of HR-HPV.

Materials and methods

A comparison was conducted among four groups of women, comprising 218 HPV-negative women, 120 HPV-positive women, 191 women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or 3, and 124 women diagnosed with CC. The analysis focused on four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs55986091 in HLA-DQB1, rs138446575 in TTC34, rs1048943 in CYP1A1, and rs2910164 in miRNA-146a.

Results

The rs55986091-A allele exhibited a protective effect within the "CC" group when compared to the "HPV-Negative" group (OR = 0.4, 95% CI= 0.25-0.65) using a log-additive model. Additionally, similar protective effects were observed in the "CIN 2/3" group compared to the "HPV-Negative" group (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.28-0.79).

Conclusion

The data obtained emphasize the importance of developing PCR-based diagnostic kits for the identification of SNP alleles, particularly for rs55986091, among HR-HPV-positive women within the Russian population.

Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochromes P450 in Finno-Permic Populations of Russia

Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of phase 1 xenobiotics, toxins, endogenous hormones, and drugs, including those used in COVID-19 treatment. Cytochrome p450 genes are linked to the pathogenesis of some multifactorial traits and diseases, such as cancer, particularly prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. Genotyping was performed on 540 supposedly healthy individuals of 5 Finno-Permic populations from the territories of the European part of the Russian Federation. There was a statistically significant difference between Veps and most of the studied populations in the rs4986774 locus of the CYP2D6 gene; data on the rs3892097 locus of the CYP2D6 gene shows that Izhemsky Komis are different from the Mordovian and Udmurt populations.

A review on the genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility of cancer patients in Bangladesh

Cancer is one of the major health burdens worldwide, and genetic polymorphisms in individuals are closely associated with cancer susceptibility. Like in many other developing countries, the risk of cancer is increasing among Bangladeshi population. Genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolic enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, NAT2, SULT1A), cell cycle regulatory proteins (TP53, HER2, MDM2, miR-218-2, TGFB), cell signaling protein (CDH1), DNA repair proteins (BRCA1, BRCA2, EXO1, RAD51, XRCC2, ECCR1, ERCC4, XPC, ERCC2), and others (HLA-DRB1, INSIG2, GCNT1P5) have been found to be associated with various cancers like cancers of breast, bladder, cervix, colon, lung, prostate, etc. in different studies with Bangladeshi population. In this review article, we have discussed these gene polymorphisms associated with cancers in the Bangladeshi population, and also made a comparison with other ethnic groups. This will probably be helpful in understanding drug effects, drug resistance, and personalized medicine in the population of this region.

Genetic Variations in Cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 Genes in a Cohort of Patients from Iraq Diagnosed with Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm in females. Genetic variations in the xenobiotic metabolising cytochrome enzymes; Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP1A1) and Family 1 Subfamily B Member 1 (CYP1B1) might play a role in the individual susceptibility to breast cancer and its prognosis. The goal of this study is to estimate the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP1A1 (rs1048943, Ile462VaI, and rs4646903/MSP1) and in CYP1B1 (rs1056836, Leu432Val) genes in patients with breast cancer. This case-control study included 180 female patients with breast cancer and 180 healthy control subjects from Kirkuk/Iraq. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood samples and tested for SNPs by the direct DNA sequencing technique. A statistical analysis was done to identify if there is any association between SNPs and the increasing odd of breast cancer and its stage, grade and molecular subtype at diagnosis. The common (reference) genotype of CYP1A1 gene rs1048943 is AA. The AG and GG variant genotypes were significantly more common in the breast cancer patients and conferred an increased odd of breast cancer and its later stages (stages III and IV) and poor differentiation (P < .01) but not with the molecular subtypes. The common genotype of CYP1A1 rs4646903 is TT. The variant genotypes TC and CC are not associated either with increased risk of breast cancer (P > .05) or with its stage, grade or molecular subtypes (P > .05). The GG genotype of CYP1B1 rs1056836 was the common genotype. The CG and CC variant genotypes were not associated with the increased risks of breast cancer (P > .05) or its stage, grade or molecular subtypes (P > .05). In conclusion, variants genotypes of CYP1A1 rs1048943 might play a role in breast cancer pathogenesis and prognosis and can have a place in cancer screening and tailored medicine in the future in the Iraqi population. Future larger scale studies including other genes might help to better understand the role of the SNP in breast risk and its prognosis.

Role of CXCL12, TP53 and CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood leukemia and represents one third of all pediatric malignancies. Epidemiological studies have shown that various genetic factors play a crucial role in leukemogenesis. Recent genetic association studies on cancer risk have focused on the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that regulate inflammation and tumor suppression, such as chemokines, TP53 and cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Genetic polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12; rs1801157) and TP53 (rs1042522) genes have been suggested to influence the risk of ALL in children, while other studies have indicated an association between the CYP1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1)*2C (rs1048943) allele and leukemia risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association of rs1801157 (CXCL12), rs1042522 (TP53) and rs1048943 (CYP1A1*2C) SNPs with an increased susceptibility of developing ALL. These SNPs were analyzed in 86 children or adolescent patients with ALL and 125 control subjects by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and allelic-specific chain reaction techniques. A higher frequency of CYP1A1*2C heterozygotes and TP53 rare homozygotes, which include the proline (Pro)/Pro genotype, was observed among children with ALL and control subjects, whereas no significant differences were observed for the CXCL12 SNP. Furthermore, the analysis of various allelic combinations of the aforementioned gene polymorphisms demonstrated a markedly increased risk of developing ALL in children. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that there was a strong association between CYP1A1*2C heterozygotes, as well as the TP53 Pro/Pro genotype, and an increased susceptibility for pediatric ALL in Caucasians.

Novel Synthetic Analogues of 19(S/R)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Exhibit Noncompetitive Inhibitory Effect on the Activity of Cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Previously, we have demonstrated that R- and S-enantiomers of 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (19-HETE), an arachidonic acid endogenous metabolite, enantioselectively inhibit CYP1B1. The current study was conducted to test the possible inhibitory effect of novel synthetic analogues of R- and S-enantiomers of 19-HETE on the activity of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1.

METHODS

The O-dealkylation rate of 7-ethoxyresorufin (EROD) by recombinant human CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, in addition to the O-dealkylation rate of 7-methoxyresorufin (MROD) by recombinant human CYP1A2, were measured in the absence and presence of varying concentrations (0-40 nM) of the synthetic analogues of 19(R)- and 19(S)-HETE. Also, the possible inhibitory effect of both analogues on the catalytic activity of EROD and MROD, using RL-14 cells and human liver microsomes, was assessed.

RESULTS

The results showed that both synthetic analogues of 19(R)- and 19(S)-HETE exhibited direct inhibitory effects on the activity of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, while they had no significant effect on CYP1A2 activity. Nonlinear regression analysis and comparisons showed that the mode of inhibition for both analogues is noncompetitive inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes. Also, nonlinear regression analysis and Dixon plots showed that the R- and S-analogues have K_I values of 15.7 ± 4.4 and 6.1 ± 1.5 nM for CYP1A1 and 26.1 ± 2.9 and 9.1 ± 1.8 nM for CYP1B1, respectively. Moreover, both analogues were able to inhibit EROD and MROD activities in a cell-based assay and human liver microsomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Therefore, the synthetic analogues of 19-HETE could be considered as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer and CVD.

Biological roles of cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 enzymes

Human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play a critical role in various biological processes and human diseases. CYP1 family members, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, are induced by aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). The binding of ligands such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons activates the AhRs, which are involved in the metabolism (including oxidation) of various endogenous or exogenous substrates. The ligands that induce CYP1 expression are reported to be carcinogenic xenobiotics. Hence, CYP1 enzymes are correlated with the pathogenesis of cancers. Various endogenous substrates are involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones, eicosanoids, and other biological molecules that mediate the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Additionally, CYP1s metabolize and activate/inactivate therapeutic drugs, especially, anti-cancer agents. As the metabolism of drugs determines their therapeutic efficacy, CYP1s can determine the susceptibility of patients to some drugs. Thus, understanding the role of CYP1s in diseases and establishing novel and efficient therapeutic strategies based on CYP1s have piqued the interest of the scientific community.