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Dhuique-Mayer C, Gence L, Portet K, Tousch D, Poucheret P. Preventive action of retinoids in metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetic rats fed with citrus functional food enriched in β-cryptoxanthin. Food Funct 2020; 11:9263-9271. [PMID: 33047760 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are known for their beneficial health effects associated with the prevention of metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes that is mainly attributed to flavonoids. Few investigations have reported the potential anti-diabetic effects of retinoids from the bioconversion of β-cryptoxanthin (bcx), a citrus carotenoid. Therefore, the present study explored the anti-diabetic effect of a citrus functional food, obtained by membrane eco-technology of a citrus clementina juice, especially enriched in bcx but also in flavonoids and pectin. We assessed the in vivo effect of citrus bcx absorption and its bioconversion into retinoids in metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetic fructose rats. Fructose-fed rats were used as a prediabetic control, and a prediabetic group was treated with the citrus concentrate for 8 weeks. The citrus-based food treatment improved glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and blood pressure, in prediabetic rats. Although these effects were in part due to the synergy between enriched phytonutrients (bcx, hesperidin, pectin) of the citrus matrix, the role of bcx and its bioconversion into retinoids were highlighted. We showed that prediabetic rats absorbed less bcx and the bioconversion was less efficient. Bcx from citrus-based food was able to restore vitamin A status in prediabetic rats suggesting that the absorption/bioconversion of bcx may have a key role in improvement of metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Dhuique-Mayer
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398 Montpellier, France. and Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Laura Gence
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398 Montpellier, France. and Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Karine Portet
- Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Didier Tousch
- Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Poucheret
- Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
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Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Calleja LF, Moreno-Sánchez R, Yoval-Sánchez B. Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Physiopathological Processes. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:405-420. [PMID: 30628442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many different diseases are associated with oxidative stress. One of the main consequences of oxidative stress at the cellular level is lipid peroxidation, from which toxic aldehydes may be generated. Below their toxicity thresholds, some aldehydes are involved in signaling processes, while others are intermediaries in the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, neurotransmitters, and carbohydrates. Some aldehydes ubiquitously distributed in the environment, such as acrolein or formaldehyde, are extremely toxic to the cell. On the other hand, aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are able to detoxify a wide variety of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids, thus helping to protect from oxidative stress. ALDHs are located in different subcellular compartments such as cytosol, mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum. The aim of this review is to analyze, and highlight, the role of different ALDH isoforms in the detoxification of aldehydes generated in processes that involve high levels of oxidative stress. The ALDH physiological relevance becomes evident by the observation that their expression and activity are enhanced in different pathologies that involve oxidative stress such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiopathies, atherosclerosis, and cancer as well as inflammatory processes. Furthermore, ALDH mutations bring about several disorders in the cell. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which these enzymes participate in diverse cellular processes may lead to better contend with the damage caused by toxic aldehydes in different pathologies by designing modulators and/or protocols to modify their activity or expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , México 14080 , México
| | - Belem Yoval-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , México 14080 , México
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McClinton KJ, Aliani M, Kuny S, Sauvé Y, Suh M. Differential effect of a carotenoid-rich diet on retina function in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 23:838-848. [PMID: 30632938 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1563664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to examine the supplementation of a carotenoid-rich carrot powder, on retina function and carotenoid metabolism in non-diabetic control and type 1 diabetic animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 30) were randomly assigned to diets supplemented with (n = 15) or without (n = 15) carrot powder enriched diets (150 g/kg diet). After 3 weeks of diet adaptation, 8 rats in each group were treated with streptozotocin (iv) to induce type 1 diabetes and fed for a further 9 wk. Retinal function was assessed with the electroretinogram (ERG). Hepatic and plasma retinoids and carotenoids were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Non-diabetic control rats fed the carrot diet had significantly (p < 0.02) higher rod- and cone- driven post-synaptic b-wave amplitudes, respectively, compared to those fed the control diet. These functional changes correlated with higher (p < 0.05) liver levels of carotenoids (α- and β- carotene) and retinoids. In diabetic rats, carrot diet exacerbated retina dysfunction; the amplitudes for most of rod- and cone-driven ERG components were the lowest amplitudes among all groups (p < 0.02). Diabetic rats fed the carrot diet had lower hepatic retinol and retinyl palmitate, while having higher α- and β-carotene levels, indicating diminished hepatic conversion of carotenoids into retinoids. Discussion: Dietary supplementation of high dose dietary carotenoids plays a beneficial role on healthy rat retina function, but exerts a detrimental effect in diabetes, which warrants undertaking detailed mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J McClinton
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michel Aliani
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sharee Kuny
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yves Sauvé
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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Takitani K, Kishi K, Miyazaki H, Koh M, Tamaki H, Inoue A, Tamai H. Altered Expression of Retinol Metabolism-Related Genes in an ANIT-Induced Cholestasis Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113337. [PMID: 30373117 PMCID: PMC6274878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is defined as a reduction of bile secretion caused by a dysfunction of bile formation. Insufficient bile secretion into the intestine undermines the formation of micelles, which may result in the reduced absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Here, we investigated the retinol homeostasis and the alterations of retinol metabolism-related genes, including β-carotene 15,15′ monooxygenase (BCMO), lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1), and retinoic acid receptors (RAR) β, in a α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis rat model. Moreover, we examined the expression of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) target genes. Our results showed that plasma retinol levels were decreased in ANIT rats compared to control rats. On the contrary, hepatic retinol levels were not different between the two groups. The expression of FXR target genes in the liver and intestine of cholestasis model rats was repressed. The BCMO expression was decreased in the liver and increased in the intestine of ANIT rats compared to control rats. Finally, the hepatic expression of LRAT, RARβ, and ALDH1A1 in cholestatic rats was decreased compared to the control rats, while the CYP26A1 expression of the liver was not altered. The increased expression of intestinal BCMO in cholestasis model rats might compensate for decreased circulatory retinol levels. The BCMO expression might be regulated in a tissue-specific manner to maintain the homeostasis of retinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimitaka Takitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Kanta Kishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka 591-8025, Japan.
| | - Maki Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tamaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Shinseikai Daiichi Hospital, Aichi 468-0031, Japan.
| | - Akiko Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
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Malechka VV, Moiseyev G, Takahashi Y, Shin Y, Ma JX. Impaired Rhodopsin Generation in the Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2222-2231. [PMID: 28734946 PMCID: PMC5809515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients experience functional deficits in dark adaptation, contrast sensitivity, and color perception before microvascular pathologies become apparent. Herein, we evaluated early changes in neural retinal function and in retinoid metabolism in the eye in diabetes. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed decreased a- and b-wave amplitudes of scotopic and photopic electroretinography responses 4 months after diabetes induction compared to nondiabetic controls. Although Western blot analysis revealed no difference in opsin expression, rhodopsin content was decreased in diabetic retinas, as shown by a difference in absorbance. Consistently, levels of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore for visual pigments, were significantly lower in diabetic retinas compared to those in controls, suggesting a retinoid deficiency. Among visual cycle proteins, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein and stimulated by retinoic acid 6 protein showed significantly lower levels in diabetic rats than those in nondiabetic controls. Similarly, serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and retinoids were significantly lower in diabetic rats. Overall, these results suggest that retinoid metabolism in the eye is impaired in type 1 diabetes, which leads to deficient generation of visual pigments and neural retinal dysfunction in early diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha V Malechka
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Gennadiy Moiseyev
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Younghwa Shin
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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