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Li H, Wang S, Yang S, Liu S, Song Y, Chen S, Li X, Li Z, Li R, Zhao Y, Zhu Q, Ning C, Liu M, He Y. Multiple cardiometabolic diseases enhance the adverse effects of hypoalbuminemia on mortality among centenarians in China: a cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:231. [PMID: 37957767 PMCID: PMC10644513 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hypoalbuminemia was associated with high risk of mortality in community-dwelling older adults, as well as in the hospitalized older adults, little is known among centenarians. And there are limited data on whether having cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) is associated with additive effects. METHODS Baseline examinations including a determination of albumin levels were performed in 1002 Chinese centenarians from January 2014 through to December 2016, and the survival status was subsequently ascertained until 31 May 2021. Cox proportional risk model was performed to assess the risk of all-cause mortality associated with albumin levels and hypoalbuminemia combined with CMDs. RESULTS Of 1002 participants included in the analysis, the mean level of albumin was 38.5 g/L (± standard deviation, 4.0 g/L), and 174 (17.4%) had hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 35 g/L). The multivariable analyses showed that albumin level was negatively associated with all-cause mortality (Ptrend < 0.05). Compared to normoalbuminemia, hypoalbuminemia was associated with an increased mortality risk in the overall participants (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-1.97). Furthermore, the HR (95% CI) of hypoalbuminemia combined with multiple CMDs was 2.15 (1.14-4.07). There was evidence of an additive deleterious dose effect of an increasing number of CMDs (Ptrend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Hypoalbuminemia is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in Chinese centenarians, and this risk is more pronounced among centenarians with multiple cardiometabolic diseases. Our findings suggest that older adults with hypoalbuminemia, especially comorbid multiple CMDs warrant early identification and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shengshu Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Healthcare, Agency for Offices Administration, Central Military Commission, People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The 1St Medical Center, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yang Song
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
- Special Combat Detachment of Xinjiang Armed Police Crops, Health Corps, Aksu, 843000, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xuehang Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Qiao Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Chaoxue Ning
- Central Laboratory of Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of anti-NBC Medicine, Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yao He
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China.
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Xia B, Song B, Zhang J, Zhu T, Hu H. Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio for mortality of pneumonia in patients receiving glucocorticoids: Secondary analysis based on a retrospective cohort study. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:767-773. [PMID: 35272941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have revealed that blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio (BUN/ALB) is one of major risk factors of mortality in pneumonia. However, there are fewer scientific research about the correlation between BUN/ALB ratio and outcome of pneumonia in patients receiving glucocorticoids. This study was undertaken to explore the prognostic value of BUN/ALB ratio for mortality of pneumonia in patients receiving glucocorticoids. METHODS The present study was a retrospective cohort study. 1397 subjects receiving glucocorticoids alone or glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressants from six secondary and tertiary academic hospitals in China were analyzed. The endpoint of the study was 30-day mortality. It was noted that the entire study was completed by Li et al. and uploaded the data to the DATADRYAD website. The author only used this data for secondary analysis. RESULTS After adjusting potential confounders (age, sex, WBC, persistent lymphocytopenia, PLT, ALT, AST, Cr, high-dose steroid use, and COPD), non-linear relationship was detected between BUN/ALB ratio and 30-day mortality, whose point was 0.753. The effect sizes and the confidence intervals on the left and right sides of inflection point were 23.110 (7.157, 74.623) and 0.410 (0.074, 2.283), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed the positive association was stronger among subjects with connective tissue disease. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between BUN/ALB ratio and 30-day mortality of pneumonia in patients receiving glucocorticoids is non-linear. BUN/ALB ratio is positively related with 30-day mortality when BUN/ALB ratio is less than 0.753.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtian Xia
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, PR China
| | - Bingxin Song
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, PR China
| | - Tingjun Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, PR China
| | - Huixian Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, PR China.
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Yano Y, Maeda C, Kaneko I, Kobayashi Y, Aoi W, Kuwahata M. Cystine supplementation sustains plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats fed low-protein diets more effectively than methionine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:122-130. [PMID: 34616103 PMCID: PMC8482384 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that dietary cystine maintained plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats fed low-protein diets. The present study aimed to compare the influence of low-protein diets supplemented with cystine and methionine, which is another sulfur amino acid, on plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 20% soy protein isolate diet (control group), 5% soy protein isolate diet (low-protein group) or 5% soy protein isolate diet supplemented with either methionine (low-protein + Met group) or cystine (low-protein + Cyss group) for 1 week. The percentage of mercaptalbumin within total plasma albumin of the low-protein + Met group was significantly lower than that of the control and low-protein + Cyss groups. No significant differences in the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and cyclooxygenase 2 in blood cells were observed between the low-protein + Met and low-protein + Cyss groups. Treatment with buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, did not influence the percentage of mercaptalbumin within total plasma albumin in rats fed the low-protein diet supplemented with cystine. These results suggest that supplementation with cystine may be more effective than that with methionine to maintain plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats with protein malnutrition. Cystine might regulate plasma mercaptalbumin levels via the glutathione-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimi Yano
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Chihiro Maeda
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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Serum Albumin Redox States: More Than Oxidative Stress Biomarker. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040503. [PMID: 33804859 PMCID: PMC8063786 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin is the most abundant circulating protein in mammals including humans. It has three isoforms according to the redox state of the free cysteine residue at position 34, named as mercaptalbumin (reduced albumin), non-mercaptalbumin-1 and -2 (oxidized albumin), respectively. The serum albumin redox state has long been viewed as a biomarker of systemic oxidative stress, as the redox state shifts to a more oxidized state in response to the severity of the pathological condition in various diseases such as liver diseases and renal failures. However, recent ex vivo studies revealed oxidized albumin per se could aggravate the pathological conditions. Furthermore, the possibility of the serum albumin redox state as a sensitive protein nutrition biomarker has also been demonstrated in a series of animal studies. A paradigm shift is thus ongoing in the research field of the serum albumin. This article provides an updated overview of analytical techniques for serum albumin redox state and its association with human health, focusing on recent findings.
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Kobayashi Y, Tanizawa M, Ogata M, Aoi W, Kuwahata M. Changes in iron metabolism centered on hepcidin due to high-intensity exercise under restricted food intake. Nutrition 2021; 86:111179. [PMID: 33690026 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to observe changes in iron metabolism of rats due to high-intensity exercise during reduced food intake. METHODS Thirty-six, 4-wk-old male Wistar rats were divided into six groups after being acclimated to running: rested control, intense exercise, 80% feeding and rested, 80% feeding and intense exercise, 70% feeding diet and rested, and 70% feeding and intense exercise groups. Only three intense exercise groups underwent acute running sessions for 30 min (30 m/min) once a day for 7 d. RESULTS Rats did not develop anemia with exercise and food intake restriction. Serum iron levels, transferrin saturation, hepcidin-25, and hepatic iron levels in the exercise groups were lower than those in the respective resting groups. However, these values in the 70% diet groups were slightly higher than those in the 80% diet groups. Serum erythropoietin levels decreased as food intake decreased, but the serum erythropoietin level in the 70% feeding and intense exercise group was similar to that in the rested control group. Serum interleukin-6 levels were significantly lower in the groups with restricted food intake than in the free-fed group, and exercise had no effect. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity exercise under restricted food intake may significantly alter the iron metabolism to maintain blood cell levels due to the strong promotion of metabolic iron utilization in response to dietary iron depletion, increased iron demand, and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Midori Tanizawa
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Midori Ogata
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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The influences of low protein diet on the intestinal microbiota of mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17077. [PMID: 33051527 PMCID: PMC7555506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that protein deficiency symptoms are influenced by the intestinal microbiota. We investigated the influence of low protein diet on composition of the intestinal microbiota through animal experiments. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice were fed one of four diets (3, 6, 9, or 12% protein) for 4 weeks (n = 5 per diet). Mice fed the 3% protein diet showed protein deficiency symptoms such as weight loss and low level of blood urea nitrogen concentration in their serum. The intestinal microbiota of mice in the 3% and 12% protein diet groups at day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which revealed differences in the microbiota. In the 3% protein diet group, a greater abundance of urease producing bacterial species was detected across the duration of the study. In the 12% diet protein group, increases of abundance of Streptococcaceae and Clostridiales families was detected. These results suggest that protein deficiency may be associated with shifts in intestinal microbiota.
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Wada Y, Izumi H, Shimizu T, Takeda Y. A More Oxidized Plasma Albumin Redox State and Lower Plasma HDL Particle Number Reflect Low-Protein Diet Ingestion in Adult Rats. J Nutr 2020; 150:256-266. [PMID: 31552421 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma albumin (ALB) redox state reflects protein nutritional status, but how it differs from other protein nutrition biomarkers remains to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to delineate the characteristics of plasma ALB redox state as a protein nutrition biomarker. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were maintained on an AIN-93 M [14% casein, control (CT)] diet or an AIN-93 M-based 5% casein [low protein (LP)] diet ad libitum for 4 wk. Plasma samples were repeatedly obtained from the same rats at weeks 0-4, ALB redox state was determined by HPLC, and the concentrations of conventional protein nutrition biomarkers, ALB and transthyretin (TTR), were compared between the groups by Student t test. Body mass, relative muscle masses, plasma proteome, and plasma lipids at week 4 were also compared. RESULTS Plasma ALB redox state shifted to a more oxidized state in the LP diet group compared with the CT diet group at weeks 1-4. The LP diet group also showed significantly lower plasma ALB concentrations at weeks 1 and 2 (13% and 11% lower, respectively) and significantly lower TTR concentration at week 1 (21% lower) compared with the CT diet group, but these concentrations did not differ significantly at weeks 3 and 4. After 4 wk, body mass and relative soleus and gastrocnemius muscle masses did not differ, but the relative plantaris muscle mass tended to be 4% lower (1.75 compared with 1.68 g/kg body mass) in the LP diet group compared with the CT group (P = 0.06). The LP diet group also had a significantly lower HDL particle number than the CT group (30% lower). CONCLUSIONS A more oxidized plasma ALB redox state and lower plasma HDL particle number reflect LP diet ingestion in adult rats, which did not exhibit changes of plasma ALB and TTR concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Izumi
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Wada Y, Xijier, Seto N, Komatsu Y, Tsuda M, Kitamura Y, Izumi H, Shimizu T, Takeda Y. Plasma Albumin Redox State Is Responsive to the Amino Acid Balance of Dietary Proteins in Rats Fed a Low Protein Diet. Front Nutr 2019; 6:12. [PMID: 30828577 PMCID: PMC6385526 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that plasma albumin redox state, which correlates with albumin synthesis rate, could be associated with the quality of dietary protein. Aiming to elucidate the association between them, plasma albumin redox state was investigated in rats fed various kinds of AIN-93G-based low protein diets. Plasma albumin redox state was shifted to a more oxidized state in rats fed 3% casein (CN) diet than those fed 3% whey protein or 3% wheat gluten diet, while supplementing 3% CN diet with cystine reversed it to a more reduced state, indicating that cystine would complement the shortage of cysteine in CN, thereby increasing albumin synthesis rate. Supplementation with glutathione, a cysteine-containing antioxidative tripeptide, normalized hepatic glutathione redox state modulated by ingestion of 3% CN diet, but it only reversed the oxidized shift of plasma albumin redox state to an extent similar to cystine alone or the constituting amino acid mixture of glutathione (i.e., glutamic acid, cystine, and glycine), indicating that glutathione would primarily serve as a source of cysteine rather than exert its antioxidative activity. Plasma albumin would thus be influenced by amino acid balance in dietary proteins, and it could be useful as a biomarker that contributes to prevention of protein under-nutriton, caused by not only insufficient protein intake but also ingestion of poor-quality protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Xijier
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Namiko Seto
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Komatsu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Muneya Tsuda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yohei Kitamura
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Izumi
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
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Kuwahata M, Kobayashi Y, Wada Y, Aoi W, Kido Y. Dietary cystine is important to maintain plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats fed low-protein diets. Nutr Res 2018; 56:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Wada Y, Komatsu Y, Izumi H, Shimizu T, Takeda Y, Kuwahata M. Increased Ratio of Non-mercaptalbumin-1 Among Total Plasma Albumin Demonstrates Potential Protein Undernutrition in Adult Rats. Front Nutr 2018; 5:64. [PMID: 30090810 PMCID: PMC6068262 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox state of plasma albumin shifts in response to dietary protein intake in growing rats, and the shift is more sensitive than that of plasma albumin level, a classical marker of protein nutritional status. While it has been suggested that plasma albumin redox state could be useful as a novel marker of protein nutritional status, the above animal model is highly sensitive to dietary protein intake and the observation may not be extrapolated widely to humans. This study aimed to investigate whether albumin redox state also reflects protein nutritional status in adult rats, which have a lower dietary protein requirement and are less responsive to protein intake. Male adult rats were placed on AIN-93M diet (14% casein), or AIN-93M-based low protein diets (10 or 5% casein) ad libitum for 24 weeks. Whereas there was no significant difference in body weight between the groups at the end of the experimental period, the 5% casein diet group had the smallest gastrocnemius muscle weight among the groups, which was significantly lower than that of the 10% casein diet group. Plasma albumin level was also lower in the 5% casein diet group compared with the other groups, but the differences were limited and inconsistent during the experimental period. Among the albumin redox isoforms such as mercaptalbumin, non-mercaptalbumin-1, and non-mercaptalbumin-2, the ratio of non-mercaptalbumin-1 among total albumin was significantly higher in the 5% casein diet group, and the increase remained constant throughout the experimental period. Increased non-mercaptalbumin-1 ratio would thus demonstrate the presence of potential protein undernutrition in adult rats, as manifested only by a decreased gain in a specific type of skeletal muscle; non-mercaptalbumin-1 among total albumin ratio could be useful as a robust marker of protein nutritional status, contributing to prevention of protein undernutrition-related diseases such as frailty and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Komatsu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Izumi
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wada Y, Takeda Y, Kuwahata M. Potential Role of Amino Acid/Protein Nutrition and Exercise in Serum Albumin Redox State. Nutrients 2017; 10:nu10010017. [PMID: 29295548 PMCID: PMC5793245 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin is the major protein in the serum of mammals. It is synthesized exclusively in the liver, before being secreted into the circulation. Similar to skeletal muscle protein, albumin synthesis is stimulated by dietary amino acids and proteins as well as exercise. Albumin has three isoforms based on the redox states of the free cysteine residue at position 34. The redox state of serum albumin has long been extensively investigated in terms of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases, with the redox state of serum albumin having been regarded as a marker of systemic oxidative stress. However, according to recent animal studies, the redox state of serum albumin is modulated by albumin turnover and may also reflect amino acid/protein nutritional status. Furthermore, as the redox state of serum albumin is modulated by exercise training, measuring the pre- and post-exercise redox states of serum albumin in athletes may be useful in assessing amino acid/protein nutritional status and exercise-induced oxidative stress, which are closely associated with skeletal muscle adaptive responses. This article extensively reviews serum albumin and the redox state of albumin in the context of amino acid/protein nutritional status and exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 51-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 51-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Departments of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
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Wada Y, Sato Y, Miyazaki K, Takeda Y, Kuwahata M. The reduced/oxidized state of plasma albumin is modulated by dietary protein intake partly via albumin synthesis rate in rats. Nutr Res 2017; 37:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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