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Hartinger T, Mahmood M, Khiaosa-Ard R. The impact of citrus pulp inclusion on milk performance of dairy cows: A meta-analysis. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2024; 9:100216. [PMID: 39252765 PMCID: PMC11381455 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Considering sustainability and circular economy, citrus pulp could become a common dairy feedstuff. Yet, there is no clear indication of the amount of citrus pulp that can be fed without compromising milk performance or that could deliver benefits. In our meta-analysis, we investigated the impact of varying citrus pulp inclusion levels, i.e., no (0 %), low (>0-10 %), medium (>10-20 %), and high (>20 %), on milk performance variables. Replacing cereal grains with citrus pulp increased pectins and sugars while decreasing starch. At the low inclusion level, citrus pulp increased milk yield without affecting feed intake. At higher inclusion levels, citrus pulp reduced feed intake and milk yield but with higher fat contents, the milk energy content was similar to no inclusion. Concluding, citrus pulp is a good energy source with lipogenic properties in dairy cows. We encourage research to fill in the existing gap of knowledge at the rumen and systemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartinger
- Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Mubarik Mahmood
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Subcampus Jhang, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-Ard
- Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
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Caccamo M, Luciano G, Rapisarda T, Marino VM, Pasta C, Natalello A, Mangione G, Valenti B, Campione A, Marino G, Pauselli M. Cocoa byproduct inclusion in dairy sheep diet: Effects on sensory, volatile, and antioxidant properties of cheese. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6460-6473. [PMID: 38642650 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The possibility of inclusion of agro-industrial byproducts in the diet of small ruminants represents both an economic and an environmental strategy for reducing waste management by industries and costs of feeding as well as the impact of livestock farming. Large amounts of wastes from the cocoa industry are produced annually, with a considerable part represented by cocoa bean shells, considered a suitable ingredient to be included in the diet of ruminants within the limits established by European legislation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of including cocoa bean shells in the diet of dairy sheep on the sensory, volatile, and antioxidant properties of cheese. To this purpose, 20 lactating Comisana ewes were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups: control (CTRL) and cocoa bean shells (CBS), and received alfalfa hay ad libitum and 800 g of conventional (CTRL) or experimental (CBS) concentrate containing 11.7% CBS to partially replace corn and barley of the CTRL concentrate. Bulk milk collected from each group was used to produce a total of 15 cheeses per group, obtained in 5 different days of cheesemaking (3 cheeses a day per group). After 60 d of aging, each cheese of each experimental group was sampled for the analyses. The results on chemical composition revealed a greater content of monounsaturated fatty acids and an increase in the nutritional indices, suggesting a favorable role of cocoa bean shell dietary inclusion on the nutritive value of cheese. The cheese sensory profile was affected by the cocoa bean shell inclusion, with more pronounced appearance, odor, aroma, and taste attributes in the product. The volatile profile showed only a few significant differences, mainly related to the cheese ripening process, and no differences were found in α-tocopherol contents in cheese fat between the 2 groups. Therefore, the inclusion of coca bean shells in the diet of dairy sheep allowed us to obtain a good-quality cheese, without altering the characteristics associated with the typical profiles of sheep cheese. Furthermore, the use of this byproduct could contribute to decreasing feed costs and waste management, representing a good practice for increasing the sustainability of dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caccamo
- Consorzio per la Ricerca nel settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'agroalimentare (CoRFiLaC), Regione Siciliana, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - G Luciano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - T Rapisarda
- Consorzio per la Ricerca nel settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'agroalimentare (CoRFiLaC), Regione Siciliana, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - V M Marino
- Consorzio per la Ricerca nel settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'agroalimentare (CoRFiLaC), Regione Siciliana, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - C Pasta
- Consorzio per la Ricerca nel settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'agroalimentare (CoRFiLaC), Regione Siciliana, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - A Natalello
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - G Mangione
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - B Valenti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (DSA3), University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Campione
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (DSA3), University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Marino
- Consorzio per la Ricerca nel settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'agroalimentare (CoRFiLaC), Regione Siciliana, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - M Pauselli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (DSA3), University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Idamokoro EM, Hosu YS, Oyedeji OO, Miya GM, Kuria SK, Oyedeji AO. A comparative analysis of the proximate and mineral composition of whole Citrus limon and Citrus clementina as a prospective alternative feed resource for livestock farming in South Africa. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1021175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus is a well-known vital fruit grown in South Africa. The presence of important bio-nutrients and metabolites within the different Citrus fruits indicates their significant nutritional qualities. This study is aimed to evaluate the proximate and mineral components of whole Citrus limon and Citrus clementina while considering them as prospective feed material for livestock farmers in South Africa. The nutritional evaluation was done using standard analytical procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The mineral constituents of the whole citrus samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). From the result, the nutritional analysis showed that the whole C. limon contains significantly higher moisture content (14.13 ± 0.57) and fiber content (24.48 ± 0.61) than C. clementina (11.41 ± 1.24 and 20.66 ± 1.07). Meanwhile, C. clementina had a significantly higher protein value (8.65 ± 0.04) compared to C. limon (5.53 ± 0.10). Furthermore, the whole C. clementina had significantly higher K, Na, P, Zn, and Na+/K+ (1513.33 ± 16.99, 53.33 ± 4.71, 160.00 ± 0.00, 4.80 ± 0.00, and 1.09 ± 0.01) than the whole C. limon (1356.67 ± 20.55, 30.00 ± 0.00, 133.33±4.71, 1.67 ± 0.09, and 0.80 ± 0.02), respectively. While C. limon had significantly higher Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe (593.33 ± 4.71, 160.00 ± 0.00, 1.00 ± 0.00, and 4.53 ± 0.25) compared to C. clementina (483.33 ± 4.71, 136.67 ± 4.71, 0.80 ± 1.11, and 3.43 ± 0.05). The study revealed variations in some nutritional and mineral components of whole C. limon and C. clementina; however, both citrus fruits have the potential to be explored for more significant livestock nutritional use in South Africa.
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Liotta L, Randazzo CL, Russo N, Zumbo A, Di Rosa AR, Caggia C, Chiofalo V. Effect of Molasses and Dried Orange Pulp as Sheep Dietary Supplementation on Physico-Chemical, Microbiological and Fatty Acid Profile of Comisana Ewe's Milk and Cheese. Front Nutr 2019; 6:1. [PMID: 30805342 PMCID: PMC6370666 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of agro-industrial by-products for ruminant feed represents both an economical and environmental convenient way for reducing waste discharge and waste management costs for food industries. Large amounts of waste from citrus processing industries are available in Sicily, Italy. In the present study, the effect of dried citrus pulp as sheep dietary supplementation was evaluated on physico-chemical, microbiological and fatty acid composition of resulting milk and cheese. Pelleted feed integrated with molasses and blond orange pulp, replacing cane molasses, beet pulp and part of the maize and sunflower in ration, were administrated to ewes as an experimental treatment The experiment involved sixty Comisana breed sheep divided into two groups and two feeding trials (experimental and control). Ewe's milk and cheese samples were collected from January to April and analyzed for physico-chemical, microbiological and fatty acid profile composition. Results suggested that both the experimental milk and cheese were different from the controls. In particular, an increase of experimental milk yield and fat content were registered whilst the cheese samples exhibited a significant decrease of pH values and an increase in fat and protein contents. In addition, an increase of conjugated linoleic acids as well as of the oxidative stability were observed indicating the beneficial effect of dietary supplementation. Furthermore, among the main microbial groups, the experimental and control samples, no differences were detected. However, with the exception of streptococci, which was found higher in experimental cheeses, and staphylococci, which was significantly reduced by experimental feed. Moreover, the application of culture-independent methods highlighted the dominance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus/casei group in the experimental cheese, suggesting a driving role of the dietary supplementation in the cheese microbiota composition. The present study demonstrated that the inclusion of citrus by-products in the diet of small dairy ruminants is a promising feeding, which could positively affect milk composition and cheese manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Liotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia L Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunziatina Russo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zumbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ambra Rita Di Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Zoidis E, Poulopoulou I, Tsoufi V, Massouras T, Hadjigeorgiou I. Effects of terpene administration on goats’ milk fatty acid profile and coagulation properties. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Zoidis
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Feeding; Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture; Agricultural University of Athens; 75 Iera Odos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Ioanna Poulopoulou
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Feeding; Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture; Agricultural University of Athens; 75 Iera Odos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tsoufi
- Department of Dairy Science; Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; 75 Iera Odos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Theofilos Massouras
- Department of Dairy Science; Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; 75 Iera Odos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Ioannis Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Feeding; Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture; Agricultural University of Athens; 75 Iera Odos Athens 11855 Greece
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Williams S, Chaves A, Deighton M, Jacobs J, Hannah M, Ribaux B, Morris G, Wales W, Moate P. Influence of feeding supplements of almond hulls and ensiled citrus pulp on the milk production, milk composition, and methane emissions of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2072-2083. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rincón AA, García-Fraga JM, Álvarez S, Pino V, Fresno MR, Ayala JH, Afonso AM. Effect of the inclusion of banana silage in the diet of goats on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of cheeses at different ripening times. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Todaro M, Alabiso M, Scatassa M, Di Grigoli A, Mazza F, Maniaci G, Bonanno A. Effect of the inclusion of fresh lemon pulp in the diet of lactating ewes on the properties of milk and cheese. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Santos-Silva J, Dentinho MT, Francisco A, Portugal AP, Belo AT, Martins AP, Alves SP, Bessa RJ. Replacing cereals with dehydrated citrus pulp in a soybean oil supplemented diet increases vaccenic and rumenic acids in ewe milk. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1173-1182. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Havlin J, Robinson P. Intake, milk production and heat stress of dairy cows fed a citrus extract during summer heat. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5. Small ruminants feeding and effect on cheese composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-766-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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