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Beyzi SB, Dallı CÇ. Changes in the rumen and milk fatty acid profile and milk composition in response to fish and microalgae oils supplementation to diet alone or combination in dairy goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:407. [PMID: 37982945 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fat supplementation in the ruminant diet is known to be a good strategy to increase beneficial milk fat compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare and combine fish oil (FO) and Schizachyrium microalgae oil (MA) supplementation to the diets of dairy goats. This study aimed to investigate the inclusion of FO, MA, and their combinations in the diets for effects on performance, milk composition, milk fatty acids, ruminal biohydrogenation, and fermentation parameters in dairy goats. Four cannulated Saanen dairy goats in the second lactation with a daily 3.25 ± 0.10 L milk yield and 45.08 ± 0.5kg body weight were assigned to four treatments: (1) no lipid supplementation (CON), (2) supplementation with 20 g/kg of FO, (3) 20 g/kg of MA, (4) 10 g/kg FO + 10 g/kg MA (FOMA). Milk and fatty acid composition were determined in samples taken from three consecutive days of milking after 21 days of adaptation. On the same days, ruminal fatty acids were determined. Dietary oil supplementations did not affect the performance parameters in dairy goats. However, fat yield decreased in FOMA. The oil supplementations did not affect the milk composition. However, cholesterol in milk increased in FO (P < 0.05). C16:0 FA in milk increased in MA. C18:0 FA in milk was lowest in MA. The highest milk trans-11 C18:1 FA was in the MA group. Cis-9, trans-11 CLA, trans-10, cis-12 CLA, and ∑PUFA increased in milk with oil supplementations to diet. Milk ∑SFA was the lowest in the FO group. Ruminal C18:0 fatty acid was decreased in oil supplementations to diet. Ruminal trans-11 C18:1, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, trans-10, and cis-12 CLA were increased in oil-supplemented groups. Ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected by oil supplementation to diet; however, there was a propionate increase in the MA group. The serum glucose and cholesterol levels were not affected by oil supplementation to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Büyükkılıç Beyzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Cem Çağlar Dallı
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Thanh LP, Loor JJ, Mai DTT, Hang TTT. Effect of Fish Oil and Linseed Oil on Intake, Milk Yield and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2174. [PMID: 37443972 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating linseed oil and fish oil in the diet on intake, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy goats. Four crossbred Saanen lactating goats in mid-lactation and milking 1.30 ± 0.28 g/day were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The basal diet contained concentrate and Para grass (C:F 40:60). Treatments included a basal diet without oil supplementation (Ctrl) or with 2.5% linseed oil (LO2.5), 2.5% linseed oil and fish oil (3:2, w/w, LFO2.5), and 4.16% linseed oil and fish oil (3:2, w/w, LFO4.16). Diets had no effect on intake, milk yield, milk composition, or ruminal fermentation (p > 0.05). Compared with Ctrl, lower (p < 0.05) proportions of C10:0-C14:0 in milk fat were observed with LFO4.16. Compared with the Ctrl and linseed oil added alone, feeding LFO4.16 led to a greater (p < 0.01) concentration of C18:1 t11. Compared with both the Ctrl and LO2.5 diets, milk c9,t11 CLA was 4.53 and 2.94 times greater with the LFO4.16 diet. Compared with Ctrl and LO2.5 diets (0.06% and 0.08%), goats fed LFO2.5, and LFO4.16 had greater (p < 0.001) concentrations of C22:6n-3 (0.63% and 0.87%). Overall, the combined data suggested that including 4.16% linseed oil and fish oil in the diet of dairy goats was effective in improving the concentrations of health-promoting fatty acids in milk without affecting milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Phuoc Thanh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Duong Tran Tuyet Mai
- Department of Animal Sciences, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Thuy Hang
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Can Tho University, Phung Hiep, Hau Giang 95000, Vietnam
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Barłowska J, Polak G, Janczarek I, Tkaczyk E. The Influence of Selected Factors on the Nutritional Value of the Milk of Cold-Blooded Mares: The Example of the Sokólski Breed. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071152. [PMID: 37048410 PMCID: PMC10093385 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of access to pasture, lactation number, and foals’ sex on the nutritional value of milk (79 samples) from nine mares. The following were analysed: content of dry matter, protein, fat, lactose, and ash; percentages of α-lactalbumin (α-La), β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), serum albumin (SA), immunoglobulins (Ig), lactoferrin (Lf), and lysozyme (Lz) in the total protein; and the fatty acid profile. Mares without access to pastures were shown to produce milk with a higher dry matter content, including fat, lactose, and ash; higher percentages of β-Lg, α-La, Ig, and Lf; and a better fatty acid profile. The milk from mares with access to pasture contained more protein, including higher percentages of SA and Lz. Milk from mares in lactations 4–6 had the highest fat and protein concentrations and the lowest lactose concentration. The α-La level was highest in lactation 1, Lf in lactations 2–3, and Lz in lactations 4–6. Milk from mares in lactations 4–6 had the best fatty acid profile (the lowest concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and the highest concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)). Milk from mothers of female offspring had higher dry matter, fat, and protein concentrations, a higher share of lysozyme, and a better fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Barłowska
- Department Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Grażyna Polak
- Office of the Director for Scientific Affairs, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Iwona Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Tkaczyk
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (E.T.)
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Chemical composition, whey protein profile, and fatty acid profile of milk from Sokólski horses in relation to Polish Halfbred horses. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The study was carried out on milk from cold-blooded Sokólski mares and warm-blooded Polish Halfbred mares. Milk samples were analysed for content of dry matter, protein, fat, lactose, and ash; density; energy value; percentage of α-lactalbumin (α-La), β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), serum albumin (SA), immunoglobulin (Ig), lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme (Lz) in the total protein; and fatty acid profile. Milk from cold-blooded mares was found to be similar in protein and fat content to that of warm-blooded mares, but had higher content of dry matter, including lactose and ash. It also had significantly (P≤0.01) higher content of α-La, SA and Lz, and lower content of β-Lg, Ig and Lf in comparison to milk from warm-blooded mares. Milk from Sokólski horses had a significantly (P≤0.01) higher proportion of SFA, including C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0 (P≤0.01) and C18:0 (P≤0.05), while the milk of warm-blooded mares had a significantly (P≤0.01) higher proportion of MUFA, including C16:1n-9 and C18:n-9, and PUFA, including C18:2n-6 and C18:3n3. The share of n-6 and n-3 PUFA was significantly (P≤0.01) higher in milk from warm-blooded horses, but their ratio (n-6/n-3) was lower (more favourable) in milk from cold-blooded mares. In addition, milk from warm-blooded horses had a lower (P≤0.01) share of HSFA and a higher proportion of DFA compared to cold-blooded horses, as well as lower values for AI and TI. Despite these minor differences in comparison with warm-blooded mares (Polish Halfbred), milk from cold-blooded Sokólski mares was shown to be a food product of high nutritional value, which is one argument in favour of the use of this horse breed for dairy purposes.
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Goat milk as a natural source of bioactive compounds and strategies to enhance the amount of these beneficial components. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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BELTRÃO LGC, CRUZ GRBD, SOUSA SD, SANT’ANA AMDS, FONSECA SBD, SALVIANO GDO, RIBEIRO NL, Andrade ROD. Physicochemical profile of milk and cheese of goat feed with flashseed oil substituting the corn. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.94821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Toral PG, Hervás G, Frutos P. Effect of lipid supplementation on the endogenous synthesis of milk cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in dairy sheep and goats: A tracer assay with 13C-vaccenic acid. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:255-268. [PMID: 34763909 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major proportion of milk rumenic acid (RA; cis-9,trans-11 CLA) is synthesized through mammary Δ9-desaturation of vaccenic acid (VA; trans-11 18:1). Diet composition may determine the relative contribution of this endogenous synthesis to milk RA content, with effects that might differ between ruminant species. However, this hypothesis is mostly based on estimated values, proxies of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity, and indirect comparisons between publications in the literature. With the aim of providing new insights into this issue, in vivo Δ9-desaturation of 13C-labeled VA (measured via milk 13C-VA and -RA secretion) was directly compared in sheep and goats fed a diet without lipid supplementation or including 2% of linseed oil. Four Assaf sheep and 4 Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a replicated 2 × 2 crossover design to test the effects of the 2 dietary treatments during 2 consecutive 25-d periods. On d 22 of each period, 500 mg of 13C-VA were i.v. injected to each animal. Dairy performance, milk fatty acid profile, including isotope analysis, and mammary mRNA abundance of genes coding for SCD were examined on d 21 to 25 of each period. Supplementation with linseed oil improved milk fat concentration and increased the content of milk VA and RA. However, the isotopic tracer assay suggested no variation in the relative proportion of VA desaturated to milk RA, and the percentage of this CLA isomer deriving from SCD activity would remain constant regardless of dietary treatment. These results put into question a major effect of lipid supplementation on the endogenous synthesis of milk RA and support that mammary Δ9-desaturation capacity would not represent a limiting factor when designing feeding strategies to increase milk RA content. The lack of diet-induced effects was common to caprines and ovines, but inherent interspecies differences in mammary lipogenesis were found. Thus, the higher proportions of VA desaturation and endogenous synthesis of milk RA in sheep supported a greater SCD activity compared with goats, a finding that was not associated with the similar mRNA abundance of SCD1 in the 2 species. On the other hand, transfer efficiency of the isotopic tracer to milk was 37% higher in caprine than in ovine, suggesting a greater efficiency in mammary fatty acid uptake from plasma in caprine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
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Dietary strategies to enrich milk with healthy fatty acids – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Feed is the main factor impacting the composition and quality of milk of dairy animals. Therefore, the present review explores the effects of feed and nutrition on milk fat content and levels of healthy fatty acids (FA) in milk consumed by humans. Milk and dairy products are two main sources of healthy and unhealthy FA in human nutrition. The concentrations of FA in milk depend mainly on diets; therefore, milk FA concentrations and ratios can be greatly altered by some feeding strategies. Dietary supplementation of the diets of dairy livestock with vegetable seeds or oils, microalgae and phytogenic feed additives, and feeding of some grasses can enhance the contents of healthy FA, including n-3 FA, α-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and, generally, unsaturated FA in milk and dairy products. Enrichment of milk with healthy FA may make milk a source of anticarcenogens (CLA and polyphenols) for human health. This review, therefore, focusses on the current research findings on enrichment of milk with healthy FA and summarizes some effective supplementation strategies to alter milk FA profile.
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Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Penna E, Cavaliere G, Tudisco R, Musco N, Manca C, Catapano A, Monda M, Bergamo P, Banni S, Infascelli F, Lombardi P, Crispino M. Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Animal Species: Focus on the Potential Effect of Selected PUFAs on Metabolism and Brain Functions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041111. [PMID: 33800688 PMCID: PMC8066999 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk contains several important nutrients that are beneficial for human health. This review considers the nutritional qualities of essential fatty acids (FAs), especially omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in milk from ruminant and non-ruminant species. In particular, the impact of milk fatty acids on metabolism is discussed, including its effects on the central nervous system. In addition, we presented data indicating how animal feeding—the main way to modify milk fat composition—may have a potential impact on human health, and how rearing and feeding systems strongly affect milk quality within the same animal species. Finally, we have presented the results of in vivo studies aimed at supporting the beneficial effects of milk FA intake in animal models, and the factors limiting their transferability to humans were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-2529-9506
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
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Dopieralska P, Barłowska J, Teter A, Król J, Brodziak A, Domaradzki P. Changes in Fatty Acid and Volatile Compound Profiles during Storage of Smoked Cheese Made from the Milk of Native Polish Cow Breeds Raised in the Low Beskids. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2103. [PMID: 33198354 PMCID: PMC7696590 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated changes in the proximate chemical composition and profiles of fatty acids and volatile compounds of 12 smoked cheeses made from the milk of native Polish cow breeds used in Beskid Niski. Analyses were performed during the shelf life i.e., in the 1st, 21st, 42nd and 69th day of storage. Studies have shown that thanks to smoking and vacuum-packing, the chemical composition of cheese remained stable throughout the whole shelf-life. Up until the 21st day of storage, there were no statistically significant changes in the profile of fatty acids as well as volatile compounds. Changes were observed only after the mentioned storage time. After 21 days, there was a significant (p < 0.05) and steady decrease (up to day 69) in the proportion of odd-chain (by about 36%), branched-chain (by about 17%) and unsaturated fatty acids (by slightly over 1%). Among unsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05), however, there was a significant increase in the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (by 5%) and a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids of nearly 12%. Storage lowered (by 47% in the 69th day of storage) the content of the conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), as well as lowered the n6 to n3 fatty acids ratio. During the 69 days of storage, the content of carboxylic acids increased to more than 50%. In the period from the 42nd to 69th day of cheese storage, the content of butyric acid and hexanoic acids increased twofold, whereas that of octanoic acid increased more than tenfold. Fifty-four volatile compounds were identified in the cheese. The largest group was ketones (34%), whose level decreased during storage, with 2-butanone, 3-hydroxy- (acetoin) and 2-butanone predominating. The research found that due to their low odor threshold, carboxylic acids may have negatively affected the flavor profile of the cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Barłowska
- Institute of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.D.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Anna Teter
- Institute of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.D.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (P.D.)
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Freitas N, Araújo M, Oliveira R, Lanna D, Marques C, Torreão J, Santos C, Silva Júnior J, Edvan R, Bezerra L. Production, composition, fatty acid profile and sensory traits of milk from goats fed crude glycerin from waste frying oils used in biodiesel production. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Fusaro I, Giammarco M, Chincarini M, Odintsov Vaintrub M, Palmonari A, Mammi LME, Formigoni A, Di Giuseppe L, Vignola G. Effect of Ewe Diet on Milk and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition of Suckling Lambs of the Protected Geographical Origin Abbacchio Romano. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010025. [PMID: 31877667 PMCID: PMC7023315 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Consumers are increasingly aware of the nutritional quality of lamb products, especially in developed countries. Healthier lipid profiles might increase lamb meat consumption by concerned consumers. Pasture diets provide a viable option to enrich milk and meat products with fatty acids beneficial for human health. However, in Mediterranean areas, pasture is not available throughout the year, which means that weaned lambs are fed on concentrates. This investigation aimed to implement feeding strategies in suckling lamb to enhance healthier fatty acids in milk of dams and consequently in lamb’s meat by applying extruded linseed in a total mixed ration or using pasture. The proposed feeding plans were suitable to increase the n-3 fatty acids (FA) profile in milk and thus the lamb’s meat sourced from fresh pasture and linseed-enriched diets. Indoor rearing could include feeding lambs with linseed to help maintain a high level of beneficial fatty acids in lamb meat better than an un-supplemented diet or when pasture is not available. Abstract Consumers increasingly pay more attention to the lipid profile of meat products and consume less meat to reduce cholesterol and heart disease. In Italy, sheep producers are increasingly feeding sheep fresh forage. We investigated whether the supplementation of dam diet with extruded linseed would be an alternative strategy to pasture for improving the intramuscular and subcutaneous FA compositions of their suckling lambs. The ewe diets were enriched with either extruded linseed (L), un-supplemented farm diet (F), or pasture (P). Milk saturated fatty acids (SFA) decreased in P and L compared with F, while the opposite pattern was observed for polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids after seven days. The FA composition of lamb meat was similar to that of their dam’s milk, showing higher PUFA in P and L compared to F, while SFA was higher in F. Regarding the lamb meat obtained from barn-held ewes, L had lower n-6/n-3 content compared to F, while an intermediate content was found in P. These results indicate a better n-3 FA profile in milk and lamb’s meat from pasture and linseed-enriched diets. No changes in lamb performance were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Fusaro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Melania Giammarco
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861266816
| | - Matteo Chincarini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Michael Odintsov Vaintrub
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Alberto Palmonari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Lorella Di Giuseppe
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Vignola
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (I.F.); (M.C.); (M.O.V.); (G.V.)
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Effects of Fat Supplementation in Dairy Goats on Lipid Metabolism and Health Status. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110917. [PMID: 31689973 PMCID: PMC6912558 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is an increasing demand for information on the nutraceutical properties of food. Due to its bioactive components and high digestibility, goat milk is an excellent functional food. Dietary fat supplementation can further enrich the value of goat milk by modifying its acidic profile. Nevertheless, animal health can also benefit from lipids supplied with rations. In this review, the relationships between dietary fats and goat health status are summarized. Particular attention is paid to describing the effects of specific fatty acids on lipid metabolism and immune functionality. Abstract Fat supplementation has long been used in dairy ruminant nutrition to increase the fat content of milk and supply energy during particularly challenging production phases. Throughout the years, advances have been made in the knowledge of metabolic pathways and technological treatments of dietary fatty acids (FAs), resulting in safer and more widely available lipid supplements. There is an awareness of the positive nutraceutical effects of the addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to fat supplementation, which provides consumers with healthier animal products through manipulation of their characteristics. If it is true that benefits to human health can be derived from the consumption of animal products rich in bioactive fatty acids (FAs), then it is reasonable to think that the same effect can occur in the animals to which the supplements are administered. Therefore, recent advances in fat supplementation of dairy goats with reference to the effect on health status have been summarized. In vivo trials and in vitro analysis on cultured cells, as well as histological and transcriptomic analyses of hepatic and adipose tissue, have been reviewed in order to assess documented relationships between specific FAs, lipid metabolism, and immunity.
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Gebreyowhans S, Lu J, Zhang S, Pang X, Lv J. Dietary enrichment of milk and dairy products with n-3 fatty acids: A review. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fatty Acid Profile in Goat Milk from High- and Low-Input Conventional and Organic Systems. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9070452. [PMID: 31319581 PMCID: PMC6680990 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The nutritional composition of goat milk is the focus of an ongoing discussion regarding its possible consideration as functional food. Different livestock production systems can lead to a different nutritional composition of milk. Some classes of fatty acids, detected in favourable amounts, are considered important bioactive components of food because of their potential beneficial effects on human health. It is an interesting topic to consider in view of the current debate regarding the incidence of dairy products in the risk of human coronary heart diseases. In our study, we confirmed that a low-input (LI) production system in goats rearing, leads to a milk richer in favourable nutritional components compared to a high-input (HI) system. Moreover, comparing lipid profile of milk obtained under different rearing systems, a multivariate statistic approach allows for the discrimination between LI-organically certified, LI-non organically certified and HI-conventional goat milk samples. These results may contribute to enhance the characterisation of goat dairy products and could help raise the appreciation of consumers towards goat dairy products, thereby adding value to their market. Abstract According to the knowledge that the composition in fatty acids of milk is related to the production system, we determined the fatty acid composition of goat milk yielded in three different Italian farms. Two low-input system farms; one organic (LI-O) and one conventional (LI-C), and one high-input system conventional farm (HI-C) were involved in the study. Significant differences were detected among the different groups considering the fatty acid pattern of milk. Fatty acids (FA) strictly related to the rearing system, such as odd and branched chain fatty acids (OBCFA), linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n6), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n3), elaidic acid (EA, 18:1 n9), total n6 and total n3 FA, were identified as the most significant factors in the characterization of samples coming from low- or high-input systems. OBCFA amounts were found to be higher (p < 0.05) in the LI-O milk (4.7%), followed by the LI-C milk (4.5%) and then by the HI-C milk (3.4%). The same trend was observed for Σn3 FAs, mainly represented by ALA (0.72%–0.81% in LI-O systems and 0.41% in HI-system), and the opposite for Σn6 FAs, principally represented by LA (2.0%–2.6% in LI-systems and 3.1% in HI-system). A significant (p < 0.01) discrimination among samples clusters coming from the different systems was allowed by the principal component analysis (PCA).
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Borková M, Šulc M, Svitáková A, Novotná K, Smolová J, Peroutková J, Elich O. Goat yoghurt drinks with elevated α-linolenic acid content and enriched with yacon fiber. POTRAVINARSTVO 2019. [DOI: 10.5219/1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat milk and goat milk products are very valuable in human nutrition because of their favorable nutrient composition which can be further boosted by the addition of prebiotic fiber and probiotic bacteria. It has also been possible to change the fatty acid profile of goat milk through feed composition. The aim of this study was to increase the nutritional value of goat milk by producing a probiotic yoghurt drink made from milk with elevated omega-3 fatty acids and enriched with natural yacon prebiotics. Goat nutrition is one of the key factors how we can naturally increase omega-3 fatty acid content in goat milk. In our study, twenty four White Shorthair goats were divided into the control and experimental group which was supplemented with 55 mL of linseed oil per day for eight weeks to increase the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the milk. The yoghurt milk drinks were formulated from individual goat milk samples with added bifidobacteria and yacon prebiotics. Our results showed that goat feed supplementation with linseed oil indeed positively changed fatty acid profile of goat milk in which α-linolenic acid content increased while, at the same time, lauric, myristic and palmitic acid contents decreased. Also, yoghurt drinks enriched with yacon prebiotics have shown higher bifidobacteria counts compared to the control.
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Short term evolution of nutritionally relevant milk fatty acids of goats fed a cereal-based concentrate enriched with linseed oil. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Review and Analysis of Alternatives for the Valorisation of Agro-Industrial Olive Oil By-Products. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Eknæs M, Chilliard Y, Hove K, Inglingstad R, Bernard L, Volden H. Feeding of palm oil fatty acids or rapeseed oil throughout lactation: Effects on energy status, body composition, and milk production in Norwegian dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7588-7601. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ferlay A, Bernard L, Meynadier A, Malpuech-Brugère C. Production of trans and conjugated fatty acids in dairy ruminants and their putative effects on human health: A review. Biochimie 2017; 141:107-120. [PMID: 28804001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of milk and dairy products is important in Western industrialised countries. Fat content is an important constituent contributing to the nutritional quality of milk and dairy products. In order to improve the health of consumers, there is high interest in improving their fatty acid (FA) composition, which depends principally on rumen and mammary metabolism. This paper reviews the lipid metabolism in ruminants, with a particular focus on the production of trans and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) in the rumen. After the lipolysis of dietary lipids, an extensive biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA occurs by rumen bacteria, leading to numerous cis and trans isomers of 18:1, non-conjugated of 18:2, CLA and CLnA. The paper examines the different putative pathways of ruminal biohydrogenation of cis9-18:1, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and long-chain FA and the bacteria implicated. Then mechanisms relative to the de novo mammary synthesis are presented. Ruminant diet is the main factor regulating the content and the composition of milk fat. Effects of nature of forage and lipid supplementation are analysed in cows and small ruminants species. Finally, the paper briefly presents the effects of these FA on animal models and human cell lines. We describe the properties of ruminant trans 18:1, when compared to industrial trans 18:1, CLA and CLnA on human health from meta-analyses of intervention studies and then explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CRNH Auvergne, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Vahmani P, Aalhus JL, Rolland DC, McAllister TA, Prieto N, Block HC, Proctor SD, Guan LL, Dugan MER. Sequential Feeding of Lipid Supplement Enriches Beef Adipose Tissues with 18:3n-3 Biohydrogenation Intermediates. Lipids 2017; 52:641-649. [PMID: 28547181 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine if feeding steers extruded flaxseed and hay (25 and 75%; DM basis) together as a total mixed ration (TMR), or sequentially (non-TMR) would result in different enrichments of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) in beef adipose tissues [subcutaneous (SC) vs perirenal (PR) fat]. Forty-eight Angus cross steers (325 ± 16 kg) were stratified by weight to six pens, and pens were randomized to either TMR or non-TMR and fed ad libitum for an average of 242 days. The concentrations of α-linolenic acid increased by 18 mol% in both SC and PR in non-TMR steers compared to TMR steers (P < 0.01). trans 18:1 isomers were more concentrated in PR than SC (14.4 vs 9.5 mol%; P < 0.01) and increased by 10 mol% in both fat depots for non-TMR (P < 0.01). Other BHI including non-methylene-interrupted 18:2 (atypical dienes), conjugated linoleic acids and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) were affected by diet × tissue interactions (P < 0.01). The CLnA and CLA contents were higher in both fat depots when feeding the non-TMR, but the effect of diet was more pronounced in PR than in SC (P < 0.01). Atypical dienes were highest in PR from non-TMR and lowest in TMR fed steers (4.3 and 3.6 mol%) with SC contents being intermediate. The sequential feeding of lipid supplement can thus profoundly affect the enrichment of PUFA and their BHI in beef fat and their differentially enrichment is also fat depot dependant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - J L Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - D C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - N Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - H C Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - S D Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Institutes, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada.
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Santurino C, Calvo M, Gómez-Candela C, Fontecha J. Characterization of naturally goat cheese enriched in conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids for human clinical trial in overweight and obese subjects. PHARMANUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Influence of pumpkin seed cake and extruded linseed on milk production and milk fatty acid profile in Alpine goats. Animal 2017; 11:1772-1778. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173111700060x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Cívico A, Núñez Sánchez N, Gómez-Cortés P, de la Fuente MA, Peña Blanco F, Juárez M, Schiavone A, Martínez Marín AL. Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in goat milk as indicators of the diet composition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1263547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cívico
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Gómez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuela Juárez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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Bernard L, Toral P, Rouel J, Chilliard Y. Effects of extruded linseed and level and type of starchy concentrate in a diet containing fish oil on dairy goat performance and milk fatty acid composition. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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26
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Emami A, Fathi Nasri M, Ganjkhanlou M, Rashidi L, Zali A. Effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid on performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Rumen fermentation, methane concentration and fatty acid proportion in the rumen and milk of dairy cows fed condensed tannin and/or fish-soybean oils blend. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Pi Y, Gao ST, Ma L, Zhu YX, Wang JQ, Zhang JM, Xu JC, Bu DP. Effectiveness of rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil to enhance the α-linolenic acid content in milk from dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5719-5730. [PMID: 27179851 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate effect of rubber seed oil compared with flaxseed oil when fed alone or in combination on milk yield, milk composition, and α-linolenic acid (ALA) concentration in milk of dairy cows. Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments according to a completely randomized design. Cows were fed a basal diet (control; CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 4% rubber seed oil (RO), 4% flaxseed oil (FO), or 2% rubber seed oil plus 2% flaxseed oil (RFO) on a dry matter basis for 9 wk. Feed intake, milk protein percentage, and milk fat levels did not differ between the treatments. Cows fed the RO, FO, or RFO treatments had a higher milk yield than the CON group (up to 10.5% more), whereas milk fat percentages decreased. Compared with the CON, milk concentration of ALA was substantially higher in cows receiving RO or RFO, and was doubled in cows receiving FO. The ALA yield (g/d) increased by 31.0, 70.3, and 33.4% in milk from cows fed RO, FO, or RFO, respectively, compared with the CON. Both C18:1 trans-11 (vaccenic acid) and C18:2 cis-9,trans-11 (conjugated linoleic acid; CLA) levels were higher in cows fed added flaxseed or rubber seed oil. The CLA yield (g/d) increased by 336, 492, and 484% in cows fed RO, FO, or RFO, respectively, compared with the CON. The increase in vaccenic acid, ALA, and CLA was greater in cows fed RFO than in cows fed RO alone. Compared with the CON, the milk fat from cows fed any of the dietary supplements had a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids; conversely, the saturated fatty acids levels in milk fat were 30.5% lower. Insulin and growth hormones were not affected by dietary treatments; however, we noted an increase in both cholesterol and nonesterified fatty acids levels in the RO, FO, or RFO treatments. These results indicate that rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil will increase milk production and the concentration of functional fatty acids (ALA, vaccenic acid, and CLA) in milk fat while decreasing the content of saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pi
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - S T Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - L Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y X Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - J Q Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - J M Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - J C Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; CAAS-ICRAF Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia Region, Kunming 650201, China
| | - D P Bu
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100193, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Norwegian goat milk composition and cheese quality: The influence of lipid supplemented concentrate and lactation stage. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Manso T, Gallardo B, Salvá A, Guerra-Rivas C, Mantecón A, Lavín P, de la Fuente M. Influence of dietary grape pomace combined with linseed oil on fatty acid profile and milk composition. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1111-1120. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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de la Fuente MA, Rodríguez-Pino V, Juárez M. Use of an extremely polar 100-m column in combination with a cyanoalkyl polysiloxane column to complement the study of milk fats with different fatty acid profiles. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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32
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Taboada N, Van Nieuwenhove C, Alzogaray SL, Medina R. Influence of autochthonous cultures on fatty acid composition, esterase activity and sensory profile of Argentinean goat cheeses. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Associations between major fatty acids in plant oils fed to dairy goats and C18 isomers in milk fat. J DAIRY RES 2015; 82:152-60. [PMID: 25827217 DOI: 10.1017/s002202991500014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between fatty acids (FAs) in plant oils included in goat diets and milk fat C18 isomers were determined by Principal Factor Analysis (PFA). The three first principal factors (PF1, PF2 and PF3) accounted for 64.5% of the total variation in milk FAs contents. Fatty acids with a double bond at carbons 13, 14, 15 or 16 had high (>0.6) and positive loadings for PF1, trans-4 to trans-8 C18:1 for PF2, whereas trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1 and cis-9 trans-11 C18:2 showed high and positive loadings for PF3. Pearson's correlations supported that PF1, PF2 and PF3 were related to α-linolenic, oleic and linoleic acid intakes, respectively. Our results show that the quantitatively main FAs in plant lipids supplemented to dairy ruminants are often the main cause of the observed changes in milk C18 isomer contents. However, sometimes the observed changes are caused, or at least are influenced, by other FAs present in lower quantities in the plant lipids. Thus, using mixtures of plant oils with differently unsaturated main FAs could be a way of tailoring milk fat composition to a pre-designed pattern.
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Effect of dietary extruded linseed, verbascoside and vitamin E supplements on yield and quality of milk in Lacaune ewes. J DAIRY RES 2015; 81:485-93. [PMID: 25353312 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029914000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Milk yield and milk qualitative parameters were evaluated in Lacaune ewes on a diet supplemented with extruded linseed, verbascoside and vitamin E. A 98 d-trial was conducted on 44 ewes and started 40±2 d post partum. The animals were divided into four homogeneous groups of eleven animals each; one control group (CON) without extruded linseed and dietary supplements, and the diet of the other three experimental groups was enhanced with extruded linseed (L group), extruded linseed-verbascoside (LVB group), and extruded linseed-verbascoside-vitamin E (LVBE group). All animals individually received an isoenergetic diet, consisting of 700 g concentrated feed and meadow hay ad libitum. Body weight, body condition score, milk yield and milk qualitative parameters were assessed. LVB and LVBE groups resulted in a significant improvement (P<0·05) in milk yield due to the verbascoside supplementation. The extruded linseed supplementation L, LVB and LVBE groups produced a milk fat increase and a better milk fatty acid profile in terms of a higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and a reduced saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, a lower n-6/n-3 ratio and atherogenic and thrombogenic index. The dietary verbascoside supplementation in the LVB and LVBE group resulted in a better milk quality due to the low cholesterol level and higher vitamin A and E contents, in addition to an increased oxidative stability highlighted by the lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level. Thus, the addition of extruded linseed and verbascoside supplements improved milk yield and quality both from a chemical and nutritive point of view.
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Razzaghi A, Valizadeh R, Naserian A, Danesh Mesgaran M, Rashidi L. Effects of sucrose and sunflower oil addition to diet of Saanen dairy goats on performance and milk fatty acid profile. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Effect of extruded linseeds alone or in combination with fish oil on intake, milk production, plasma metabolite concentrations and milk fatty acid composition in lactating goats. Animal 2015; 9:810-21. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114003048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Interaction between fish oil and plant oils or starchy concentrates in the diet: Effects on dairy performance and milk fatty acid composition in goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chilliard Y, Toral P, Shingfield K, Rouel J, Leroux C, Bernard L. Effects of diet and physiological factors on milk fat synthesis, milk fat composition and lipolysis in the goat: A short review. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Types of Oilseed and Adipose Tissue Influence the Composition and Relationships of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation Products in Steers Fed a Grass Hay Diet. Lipids 2014; 49:275-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5. Small ruminants feeding and effect on cheese composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-766-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Martínez Marín AL, Gómez-Cortés P, Carrión Pardo D, Núñez Sánchez N, Gómez Castro G, Juárez M, Pérez Alba L, Pérez Hernández M, de la Fuente MA. Short communication: Feeding linseed oil to dairy goats with competent reticular groove reflex greatly increases n-3 fatty acids in milk fat. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7532-7. [PMID: 24119803 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A crossover experiment was designed to compare the effects of 2 ways of feeding linseed oil on milk fat fatty acid (FA) composition. Ten lactating goats, trained to keep competent their inborn reticular groove reflex, received a daily dose of linseed oil (38 g/d) either with their solid (concentrate) feed (CON) or emulsified in skim milk and bottle-fed (BOT). Two groups of 5 goats received alternative and successively each of the treatments in two 15-d periods. α-Linolenic acid in milk fat rose up to 13.7% in the BOT versus 1.34% in the CON treatment. The n-6 to n-3 FA ratio was significantly reduced in goats receiving bottle-fed linseed oil (1.49 vs. 0.49). Contents of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates of dietary unsaturated FA were high in milk fat of goats under the CON treatment but low in those in the BOT treatment. These results point to a clear rumen bypass of the bottle-fed linseed oil. This strategy allows obtaining milk fat naturally very rich in n-3 FA and very low in trans FA. Translating this approach into practical farm conditions could enable farmers to produce milk enriched in specific FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Martínez Marín
- Departamento de Producción Animal (Universidad de Córdoba), Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, s/n, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Evaluating the performance, carcass traits and conjugated linoleic acid content in muscle and adipose tissues of Black Bengal goats fed soybean oil and sunflower oil. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tsiplakou E, Zervas G. The effect of fish and soybean oil inclusion in goat diet on their milk and plasma fatty acid profile. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Effect of extruded linseed supplementation on blood metabolic profile and milk performance of Saanen goats. Animal 2013; 7:1464-71. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Martínez Marín AL, Gómez-Cortés P, Gómez Castro AG, Juárez M, Pérez Alba L, Pérez Hernández M, de la Fuente MA. Short communication: Linear discriminant analysis and type of oil added to dairy goat diets. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:4045-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A L Martínez Marín
- Departamento de Producción Animal (Universidad de Córdoba), Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, Campus de Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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