1
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Effect of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in lamb diets on fatty acid profile, physical and sensory characteristics of the Longissimus muscle. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Lolli V, Dall’Asta M, Caligiani A, Del Rio D, de la Fuente MA, Gómez-Cortés P. Detection of cyclopropane fatty acids in human breastmilk by GC-MS. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Toral PG, Hervás G, Frutos P. Effect of lipid supplementation on the endogenous synthesis of milk cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in dairy sheep and goats: A tracer assay with 13C-vaccenic acid. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:255-268. [PMID: 34763909 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major proportion of milk rumenic acid (RA; cis-9,trans-11 CLA) is synthesized through mammary Δ9-desaturation of vaccenic acid (VA; trans-11 18:1). Diet composition may determine the relative contribution of this endogenous synthesis to milk RA content, with effects that might differ between ruminant species. However, this hypothesis is mostly based on estimated values, proxies of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity, and indirect comparisons between publications in the literature. With the aim of providing new insights into this issue, in vivo Δ9-desaturation of 13C-labeled VA (measured via milk 13C-VA and -RA secretion) was directly compared in sheep and goats fed a diet without lipid supplementation or including 2% of linseed oil. Four Assaf sheep and 4 Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a replicated 2 × 2 crossover design to test the effects of the 2 dietary treatments during 2 consecutive 25-d periods. On d 22 of each period, 500 mg of 13C-VA were i.v. injected to each animal. Dairy performance, milk fatty acid profile, including isotope analysis, and mammary mRNA abundance of genes coding for SCD were examined on d 21 to 25 of each period. Supplementation with linseed oil improved milk fat concentration and increased the content of milk VA and RA. However, the isotopic tracer assay suggested no variation in the relative proportion of VA desaturated to milk RA, and the percentage of this CLA isomer deriving from SCD activity would remain constant regardless of dietary treatment. These results put into question a major effect of lipid supplementation on the endogenous synthesis of milk RA and support that mammary Δ9-desaturation capacity would not represent a limiting factor when designing feeding strategies to increase milk RA content. The lack of diet-induced effects was common to caprines and ovines, but inherent interspecies differences in mammary lipogenesis were found. Thus, the higher proportions of VA desaturation and endogenous synthesis of milk RA in sheep supported a greater SCD activity compared with goats, a finding that was not associated with the similar mRNA abundance of SCD1 in the 2 species. On the other hand, transfer efficiency of the isotopic tracer to milk was 37% higher in caprine than in ovine, suggesting a greater efficiency in mammary fatty acid uptake from plasma in caprine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
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4
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Peláez R, Ochoa R, Pariente A, Villanueva-Martínez Á, Pérez-Sala Á, Larráyoz IM. Sterculic Acid Alters Adhesion Molecules Expression and Extracellular Matrix Compounds to Regulate Migration of Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174370. [PMID: 34503180 PMCID: PMC8431022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterculic acid (SA) is a cyclopropenoid fatty acid isolated from Sterculia foetida seeds. This molecule is a well-known inhibitor of SCD1 enzyme, also known as ∆9-desaturase, which main function is related to lipid metabolism. However, recent studies have demonstrated that it also modifies many other pathways and the underlying gene expression. SCD overexpression, or up-regulated activity, has been associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in many cancer types. Scd1 down-regulation, with different inhibitors or molecular strategies, reduces tumor cell survival and cell proliferation, as well as the chemoresistance associated with cancer stem cell presence. However, SA effects over cancer cell migration and extracellular matrix or adhesion molecules have not been described in cancer cells up to now. We used different migration assays and qPCR gene expression analysis to evaluate the effects of SA treatment in cancer cells. The results reveal that SA induces tumoral cell death at high doses, but we also observed that lower SA-treatments induce cell adhesion-migration capacity reduction as a result of modifications in the expression of genes related to integrins and extracellular matrix compounds. Overall, the functional and transcriptomic findings suggest that SA could represent a new inhibitor activity of epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Peláez
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (I.M.L.); Tel.: +34-941-278-770 ((ext. 84866) (R.P.) & (ext. 89878) (I.M.L.))
| | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio M. Larráyoz
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (I.M.L.); Tel.: +34-941-278-770 ((ext. 84866) (R.P.) & (ext. 89878) (I.M.L.))
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5
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Contreras-López EF, Cruz-Hernández CD, Cortés-Ramírez SA, Ramírez-Higuera A, Peña-Montes C, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Oliart-Ros RM. Inhibition of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase by Sterculic Oil Reduces Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1308-1321. [PMID: 34282662 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common type of cancer affecting male population. PCa treatments have side effects and are temporarily effective, so new therapeutic options are being investigated. Due to the high demand of energy for cell proliferation, an increase in the expression and activity of lipogenic enzymes such as the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) have been observed in PCa. Sterculic acid, contained in the seed's oil of Malvales, is a natural inhibitor of SCD. The objective of our investigation was to evaluate the effects of sterculic oil (SO) from Sterculia apetala seeds on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. SO was administered to PC3 and LNCaP cells, and to prostate normal cells; cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, SCD gene and protein expression and enzymatic activity were analyzed. SO administration (4 mM sterculic acid) diminished cell viability in LNCaP and PC3 cells, arrested cell cycle in G2 and promoted apoptosis. SO diminished SCD enzymatic activity with no effects on gene nor protein expression. Our results suggest that SO might offer benefits as an adjuvant in hormonal and chemotherapy prostate cancer treatments. This is the first study to analyze the effect of SO on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Peña-Montes
- Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa María Oliart-Ros
- Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
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6
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Lolli V, Dall’Asta M, Del Rio D, Caligiani A. Identification of Cyclopropane Fatty Acids in Human Plasma after Controlled Dietary Intake of Specific Foods. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113347. [PMID: 33143177 PMCID: PMC7693023 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropane fatty acids (CPFAs) are an investigated class of secondary fatty acids of microbial origin recently identified in foods. Even though the dietary daily intake of this class of compounds it has been recently estimated as not negligible, to date, no studies specifically have investigated their presence in human plasma after consumption of CPFA-rich sources. Therefore, the aims of this study were (i) to test CPFAs concentration in human plasma, thus demonstrating their in vivo bioaccessibility and potential bioavailability, (ii) to investigate a dose-response relationship between medium term chronic intake of CPFAs-rich foods and both CPFAs and plasma total fatty acid profiles in healthy subjects. Ten healthy normal weight adults were enrolled for conducting an in vivo study. Participants were asked to follow a CPFA-controlled diet for 3 weeks, consuming 50 g of Grana Padano cheese (GP) and 250 mL of whole cow milk, which correspond to a total of 22.1 mg of CPFAs. Fasting CPFAs concentration were monitored for eight timepoints during the whole study and plasma total fatty acids composition was determined by GC-MS. CPFAs, mainly dihydrosterculic acid (DHSA), were identified in plasma total fatty acids profile at the beginning of the study and after dietary treatment. A significant (p < 0.05) increase of CPFAs mean plasma concentration (n = 10) were observed at the end of the dietary intervention. Contrarily, the total fatty acids composition of the general plasma fatty acids profile did not significantly change (p ≥ 0.05) during the dietary intervention period. This is the first investigation demonstrating that CPFAs are bioaccessible in vivo and, as expected, their plasmatic concentration may be affected by consumption of CPFAs-rich foods. This research will open the door to further detailed research, which may better elucidate the role of these compounds in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lolli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (V.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Margherita Dall’Asta
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Augusta Caligiani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (V.L.); (A.C.)
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7
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Lolli V, Toral PG, Caligiani A, Gómez-Cortés P. Determination of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Ewe Milk Fat by GC-MS after Intravenous Administration of Sterculic Acid. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070901. [PMID: 32650618 PMCID: PMC7404631 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPEFA), found in oilseeds from Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae, have been shown to interfere with the endogenous synthesis of several bioactive lipids of dairy fat, such as cis-9, trans-11 18:2 and cis-9 18:1, by inhibiting Δ9-desaturase. No previous study has reported the presence of sterculic acid in animal fat and its incorporation in tissues after its administration, due to the lack of a proper methodology. In the present research, a GC-MS method based on cold base derivatization to fatty acids methylesters was developed to determine CPEFA in ewe milk triglycerides, after infusing sterculic acid (0.5 g/day) to six lactating ewes. An alternative derivatization based on silanyzation followed by GC-MS analysis was also tested, showing its possible applicability when CPEFA are present in the form of free fatty acids. Sterculic acid was detected in ewe milk triglycerides, demonstrating its incorporation from the bloodstream into milk by the mammary gland. The mean transfer rate represented 8.0 ± 1.0% of the daily dose. This study provides, for the first time, the presence of sterculic acid in milk fat, supporting the importance of understanding its occurrence in vivo and encouraging further research to determine whether it can be present in foods, such as dairy products, obtained under practical farming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lolli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-905407
| | - Pablo G. Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-University of León, 24346 Grulleros, Spain;
| | - Augusta Caligiani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Pilar Gómez-Cortés
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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8
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Determination of allosteric and active sites responsible for catalytic activity of delta 12 fatty acid desaturase from Geotrichum candidum and Mortierella alpina by domain swapping. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 138:109563. [PMID: 32527532 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cheese lacks essential fatty acids (EFAs). Delta 12 fatty acid desaturase (FADS12) is a critical enzyme required for EFA biosynthesis in fermentation of the predominant strains of cheese. Previously, we identified the FADS12 gene and characterized its function for the first time in Geotrichum candidum, a dominant strain used to manufacture soft cheese with white rind. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanism of FADS12 function by swapping domains from Mortierella alpina and G. candidum that had, respectively, high and low oleic acid conversion rates. The results revealed three regions that are essential to this process, including regions from the end of the second transmembrane domain to the beginning of the third transmembrane domain, from the end of the third transmembrane domain to the beginning of the fourth transmembrane domain, and from the 30-amino acid from the end of the sixth transmembrane domain to the C-terminal end region. Based on our domain swapping analyses, nine pairs of amino acids including H112, S118, H156, Q161, K301, R306, E307, A309 and S323 in MaFADS12 (K123, A129, N167, M172, T302, D307, I308, E310 and D324 in GcFADS12) were identified as having a significantly effect on FADS12 catalytic efficiency, and linoleic acid and its analogues (12,13-cyclopropenoid fatty acid) were found to inhibit the catalytic activity of FADS12 and related recombinant enzymes. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of FADS12 inhibition was analyzed. The results revealed two allosteric domains, including one domain from the N-terminal region to the beginning of the first transmembrane domain and another from the 31st amino acid from the end of the sixth transmembrane domain to the C terminus. Y4 and F398 amino acid residues from MaFADS12 and eight pairs of amino acids including G56, L60, L344, G10, Q13, S24, K326 and L344 in MaFADS12 (while Y66, F70, F345, F20, Y23, Y34, F327 and F345 in GcFADS12) played a pivotal role in FADS12 inhibition. Finally, we found that both allosteric and active sites were responsible for the catalytic activity of FADS12 at various temperatures, pH, and times. This study offers a solid theoretical basis to develop preconditioning methods to increase the rate at which GcFADS12 converts oleic and linoleic acids to produce higher levels of EFAs in cheese.
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Valizadeh Yonjalli R, Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh F, Mahdavi A, Navidshad B, Staji H. The effects of tannin extract and linseed oil on yield, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of ewe milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Valizadeh Yonjalli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili daneshgah street 56199‐11367 Ardabil Iran
| | - Farzad Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili daneshgah street 56199‐11367 Ardabil Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Rearing and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Semnan University Imam Reza Road, Campus 1 19111‐35131 Semnan Iran
| | - Bahman Navidshad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili daneshgah street 56199‐11367 Ardabil Iran
| | - Hamid Staji
- Department of Pathobiology, faculty of veterinary Semnan University Imam Reza road, Campus 1 Semnan Iran 19111‐35131
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10
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Pariente A, Pérez-Sala Á, Ochoa R, Peláez R, Larráyoz IM. Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Pathways Regulated by Sterculic Acid in Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051187. [PMID: 32403229 PMCID: PMC7290791 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its predominant role in lipid metabolism and body weight control, SCD1 has emerged recently as a potential new target for the treatment of various diseases. Sterculic acid (SA) is a cyclopropene fatty acid with numerous biological activities, generally attributed to its Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) inhibitory properties. Additional effects exerted by SA, independently of SCD inhibition, may be mediating anti-inflammatory and protective roles in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In order to provide insights into those mechanisms, genome-wide transcriptomic analyses were carried out in mRPE cells exposed to SA for 24 h. Integrative functional enrichment analysis of genome-wide expression data provided biological insight about the protective mechanisms induced by SA. On the one hand, pivotal genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, cell death, actin-cytoskeleton reorganization and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction were significantly downregulated by exposition to SA. On the other hand, genes related to fatty acid degradation and beta-oxidation were significantly upregulated. In conclusion, SA administration to RPE cells regulates crucial pathways related to cell proliferation, inflammation and cell death that may be of interest for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Boccia AC, Cusano E, Scano P, Consonni R. NMR Lipid Profile of Milk from Alpine Goats with Supplemented Hempseed and Linseed Diets. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071491. [PMID: 32218333 PMCID: PMC7181232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The supplementation of goat diets with natural products to obtain milk with nutraceutical components is a common practice. In these last years, the influence of supplementation of specifically designed diets has been studied with different analytical tools in order to explore possible beneficial effects in human consumption of animal milk and milk-derived products. In this study, the lipid fraction of milk from Alpine goats undergoing different dietary regimens was studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Alpine goats were fed with linseed or hempseed supplements, and after 14 weeks of treatment, milk was collected and analyzed. Results showed that feeding diets supplemented with seeds positively affected the fatty acid composition with a pronounced increase in unsaturated fatty acids for both diets compared to a control diet. Specifically, linolenic acid content was more than doubled for linseed diet compared with the hempseed and control groups, while linoleic acid greatly increased only upon hempseed supplementation. However, a number of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and higher levels of fatty acids with trans configuration were found in supplemented diets, particularly in the linseed diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Caterina Boccia
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”—SCITEC, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2369-9212
| | - Erica Cusano
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”—SCITEC, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Paola Scano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Roberto Consonni
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”—SCITEC, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.C.)
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12
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Sterculic Acid: The Mechanisms of Action beyond Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Inhibition and Therapeutic Opportunities in Human Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010140. [PMID: 31936134 PMCID: PMC7016617 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many tissues, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAS), (i.e., palmitoleate and oleate) from their saturated fatty acid (SFA) precursors (i.e., palmitate and stearate), influencing cellular membrane physiology and signaling, leading to broad effects on human physiology. In addition to its predominant role in lipid metabolism and body weight control, SCD1 has emerged recently as a potential new target for the treatment for various diseases, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and skin disorders. Sterculic acid (SA) is a cyclopropene fatty acid originally found in the seeds of the plant Sterculia foetida with numerous biological activities. On the one hand, its ability to inhibit stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) allows its use as a coadjuvant of several pathologies where this enzyme has been associated. On the other hand, additional effects independently of its SCD inhibitory properties, involve anti-inflammatory and protective roles in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review aims to summarize the mechanisms by which SA exerts its actions and to highlight the emerging areas where this natural compound may be of help for the development of new therapies for human diseases.
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13
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Hervás G, Frutos P, Toral P. Endogenous synthesis of milk cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in dairy ewes: Quantification using 13C-labeled vaccenic acid and comparison with estimates based on cobalt administration. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:368-378. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Application of a linear regression model to study the origin of C17 branched-chain fatty acids in caprine milk fat. J DAIRY RES 2019; 86:461-463. [PMID: 31722762 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029919000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This research communications addresses the hypothesis that a part of iso 17:0 and anteiso 17:0 in milk fat could come from endogenous extraruminal tissue synthesis. In order to confirm this a linear regression model was applied to calculate the proportions of iso 17:0 and anteiso 17:0 in milk fat that could come from elongation of their putative precursors iso 15:0 and anteiso 15:0, respectively. Sixteen dairy goats were allocated to two simultaneous experiments, in a crossover design with four animals per treatment and two experimental periods of 25 d. In both experiments, alfalfa hay was the sole forage and the forage to concentrate ratio (33 : 67) remained constant. Experimental diets differed on the concentrate composition, either rich in starch or neutral detergent fibre, and they were administered alone or in combination with 30 g/d of linseed oil. Iso 15:0, anteiso 15:0, iso 17:0 and anteiso 17:0, the most abundant branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat, were determined by gas chromatography using two different capillary columns. The regression model resolved that 49% of iso 17:0 and 60% of anteiso 17:0 in milk fat was formed extraruminally from iso 15:0 and anteiso 15:0 elongation.
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15
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Renes E, Gómez-Cortés P, de la Fuente MA, Fernández D, Tornadijo ME, Fresno JM. Effect of forage type in the ovine diet on the nutritional profile of sheep milk cheese fat. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:63-71. [PMID: 31629509 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The high nutritional value of sheep milk can be advantageous in the manufacture of cheese, and fat plays an important role in sheep cheese properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding common hay or silage diets used in commercial farms on the nutritional value of sheep cheese fat. We also monitored the effect of cheese ripening period on the fatty acid profile. Cheeses were produced from milk of sheep fed hay and silage diets from 8 farms, on 4 separate occasions (February, May, August, and November) over a 1-yr period. Eighty-four individual fatty acids were determined and identified by gas chromatography. Ripening time (100 and 180 d) significantly reduced moisture, acidity, and water activity of cheeses but did not affect the fatty acid content. However, hay feeding, compared with silage feeding, led to cheeses with 1.5- and 1.3-fold higher contents of vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid, without detrimental changes in saturated and n-3 (omega-3) fatty acid composition. Hay forages could be a low-cost alternative for producing cheese with a fatty acid profile suitable for human health, which is an aspect of great interest to the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Renes
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - P Gómez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Fernández
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - M E Tornadijo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - J M Fresno
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
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Iron deficiency during pregnancy and lactation modifies the fatty acid composition of the brain of neonatal rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:264-272. [PMID: 31543090 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is common in pregnant and lactating women and is associated with reduced cognitive development of the offspring. Since iron affects lipid metabolism, the availability of fatty acids, particularly the polyunsaturated fatty acids required for early neural development, was investigated in the offspring of female rats fed iron-deficient diets during gestation and lactation. Subsequent to the dams giving birth, one group of iron-deficient dams was recuperated by feeding an iron-replete diet. Dams and neonates were killed on postnatal days 1, 3 and 10, and the fatty acid composition of brain and stomach contents was assessed by gas chromatography. Changes in the fatty acid profile on day 3 became more pronounced on day 10 with a decrease in the proportion of saturated fatty acids and a compensatory increase in monounsaturated fatty acids. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the n-6 family were reduced, but there was no change in the n-3 family. The fatty acid profiles of neonatal brain and stomach contents were similar, suggesting that the change in milk composition may be related to the changes in the neonatal brain. When the dams were fed an iron-sufficient diet at birth, the effects of iron deficiency on the fatty acid composition of lipids in both dam's milk and neonates' brains were reduced. This study showed an interaction between maternal iron status and fatty acid composition of the offspring's brain and suggests that these effects can be reduced by iron repletion of the dam's diet at birth.
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Renes E, Gómez-Cortés P, de la Fuente M, Linares D, Tornadijo M, Fresno J. CLA-producing adjunct cultures improve the nutritional value of sheep cheese fat. Food Res Int 2019; 116:819-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Short term evolution of nutritionally relevant milk fatty acids of goats fed a cereal-based concentrate enriched with linseed oil. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lolli V, Dall’Asta M, Del Rio D, Caligiani A. In vitro digestibility of cyclopropane fatty acids in Grana Padano cheese: A study combining 1 H NMR and GC-MS techniques. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Gómez-Cortés P, Guerra-Rivas C, Gallardo B, Lavín P, Mantecón AR, de la Fuente MA, Manso T. Grape pomace in ewes diet: Effects on meat quality and the fatty acid profile of their suckling lambs. Food Res Int 2018; 113:36-42. [PMID: 30195529 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) is an inexpensive natural antioxidant promising as animal feed supplement due to its high content of phenolic compounds. In order to evaluate its effect in lactating ewe rations on meat quality and fat composition of their suckling lambs, 48 Churra ewes were divided into 4 treatments. All animals were fed a ration containing linseed oil (Control) supplemented with Vitamin E or two levels of GP. Lambs were nourished exclusively by suckling until they were slaughtered. Dietary GP did not generate adverse effects on carcasses or lambs meat quality when compared with Control or Vit-E diets. GP improved the water holding capacity of the meat. In addition, lambs meat FA profile was not nutritionally affected with the diets assayed. Hence, the use of GP as a dietary supplement in ewe rations would not have negative effects on meat from suckling lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Guerra-Rivas
- ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - B Gallardo
- ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - P Lavín
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - A R Mantecón
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - M A de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Manso
- ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
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21
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Toral PG, Frutos P, Carreño D, Hervás G. Endogenous synthesis of milk oleic acid in dairy ewes: In vivo measurement using 13C-labeled stearic acid. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:5880-5887. [PMID: 28527806 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of stable isotopes is a reliable and risk-free alternative to radioactive tracers for directly examining in vivo fatty acid (FA) metabolism. However, very limited information is available in ruminants, and none is available in sheep. Therefore, we conducted an experiment in dairy ewes to determine, for the first time in this species, the uptake, Δ9-desaturation, and secretion of 13C-labeled stearic acid (SA) into milk with the aim of measuring in vivo endogenous synthesis of milk oleic acid (OA) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity. Six lactating Assaf ewes fed a total mixed ration (forage:concentrate ratio = 30:70) received an intravenous injection of 2 g of 13C-labeled SA. At -24, -15, 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h postinjection (p.i.), milk yield was recorded and milk samples were collected to examine fat concentration and FA composition, including compound-specific isotope analysis of SA and OA by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Over the p.i. period, the SA proportion ranged from 7.6 to 8.3% of total FA, with a maximum 13C enrichment of 1.9%, whereas OA was more abundant (14.3-15.4% of total FA) and had lower 13C enrichments (up to 0.69%). On average, 15% of the isotopic tracer was transferred to milk within 72 h p.i., and 47 to 50% of the SA taken up by the mammary gland would have been desaturated to OA. The proportion of oleic acid being synthesized endogenously was estimated to represent between 48 and 57% of the amount secreted in milk. Further research under different dietary conditions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - D Carreño
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
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Payandeh S, Kafilzadeh F, Juárez M, de la Fuente MA, Ghadimi D, Marín ALM. Extensive analysis of milk fatty acids in two fat-tailed sheep breeds during lactation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1613-1620. [PMID: 27554499 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The profile of fatty acids (FA) in the milk fat of two Iranian fat-tailed sheep breeds, Sanjabi and Mehraban, was compared during lactation. Eight ewes of each breed, balanced in parity and carrying one foetus, were selected before parturition. Ewes were kept separated in individual pens during the experimental period, under the same management practices and fed the same diet, in order to eliminate any confounding effects on milk FA profile. Milk was sampled at biweekly intervals up to 10 weeks of lactation, starting 2 weeks after parturition. More than 100 FA were determined in milk fat by means of gas chromatography. The milk fat of Sanjabi ewes contained more cis-9 18:1, that of Mehraban ewes was richer in 10:0, 12:0 and 14:0, and no differences were found for 16:0 and 18:0. No breed differences were found for most branched-chain FA. Mehraban ewes showed a higher presence of vaccenic and rumenic acids in their milk fat. The milk fat of Sanjabi ewes had a lower atherogenicity index and n-6/n-3 FA ratio. The contents of several FA showed time-dependent changes, so breed differences were more apparent or disappeared as lactation progressed. The milk fat of Sanjabi ewes showed a better FA profile from the human health point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Payandeh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - F Kafilzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M Juárez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - M A de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - D Ghadimi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institute, Kiel, Germany
| | - A L Martínez Marín
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain. .,Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.
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Yao D, Luo J, He Q, Shi H, Li J, Wang H, Xu H, Chen Z, Yi Y, Loor JJ. SCD1 Alters Long-Chain Fatty Acid (LCFA) Composition and Its Expression Is Directly Regulated by SREBP-1 and PPARγ 1 in Dairy Goat Mammary Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:635-649. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Qiuya He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy; Zhengzhou Henan P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Huifen Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Yi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences; University of IIlinois; Urbana Illinois
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Manso T, Gallardo B, Salvá A, Guerra-Rivas C, Mantecón A, Lavín P, de la Fuente M. Influence of dietary grape pomace combined with linseed oil on fatty acid profile and milk composition. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1111-1120. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gallardo B, Manca M, Mantecón A, Nudda A, Manso T. Effects of linseed oil and natural or synthetic vitamin E supplementation in lactating ewes' diets on meat fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation from their milk fed lambs. Meat Sci 2015; 102:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Toral P, Hervás G, Frutos P. Reductions in milk Δ9-desaturation ratios to oral dosing of cobalt-acetate are accompanied by the downregulation of SCD1 in lactating ewes. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:1961-71. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Dallaire M, Taga H, Ma L, Corl B, Gervais R, Lebeuf Y, Richard F, Chouinard P. Effects of abomasal infusion of conjugated linoleic acids, Sterculia foetida oil, and fish oil on production performance and the extent of fatty acid Δ9-desaturation in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6411-25. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Gómez-Cortés P, Gallardo B, Mantecón A, Juárez M, de la Fuente M, Manso T. Effects of different sources of fat (calcium soap of palm oil vs. extruded linseed) in lactating ewes' diet on the fatty acid profile of their suckling lambs. Meat Sci 2014; 96:1304-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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29
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Ishlak A, AbuGhazaleh A, Günal M. Short communication: Effect of blackberry and pomegranate oils on vaccenic acid formation in a single-flow continuous culture fermentation system. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1067-71. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Effect of feeding linseed oil in diets differing in forage to concentrate ratio: 1. Production performance and milk fat content of biohydrogenation intermediates of α-linolenic acid. J DAIRY RES 2014; 81:82-90. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029913000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the interaction between the levels of dietary concentrate and linseed oil (LO) on milk fatty acid (FA) profile, 24 Holstein cows were used in a randomised complete block design based on days in milk, with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Within each block, cows were fed one of four experimental diets containing 30% concentrate (LC) or 70% concentrate (HC), without LO (NLO) or with LO supplemented at 3% of dietary dry matter. Milk FA profiles were analysed with a special emphasis on the intermediates of the predominant trans-11, and a putative trans-13 pathways of ruminal biohydrogenation of cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3. Feeding LO increased the concentrations of cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3 and trans-11, cis-15 18:2 in milk fat, and these increases were of a higher magnitude when LO was added in HC as compared with LC diet (interaction of LO by concentrate). A treatment interaction was also observed for the level of trans-11 18:1 which was higher when feeding LO, but for which the increase was more pronounced with the LC as compared with HC diet. The concentrations of cis-15 18:1 and cis-9, trans-11, cis-15 18:3 were higher in cows fed LO, but feeding HC diets decreased milk fat content of cis-15 18:1 and a tendency for a decrease in cis-9, trans-11, cis-15 18:3 was apparent. Feeding LO increased milk fat content of trans-13 18:1 and cis-9, trans-13 18:2, while the concentrations of these two isomers were not affected by the level of dietary concentrates. The isomer cis-9, trans-13, cis-15 18:3 has not been detected in any of the milk samples. In conclusion, interactions were observed between LO and dietary concentrates on the proportions of some intermediates of the trans-11 biohydrogenation pathway. The presence of trans-13 18:1 and cis-9, trans-13 18:2 supports the existence of a trans-13 pathway, but an 18:3 intermediate with a trans-13 double bond has not been identified.
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Effects of olive and fish oil Ca soaps in ewe diets on milk fat and muscle and subcutaneous tissue fatty-acid profiles of suckling lambs. Animal 2014; 8:1178-90. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Frutos P, Toral PG, Ramos-Morales E, Shingfield KJ, Belenguer A, Hervás G. Oral administration of cobalt acetate alters milk fatty acid composition, consistent with an inhibition of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in lactating ewes. J Dairy Sci 2013; 97:1036-46. [PMID: 24315322 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations have shown that cobalt (Co) modifies milk fat composition in cattle, consistent with an inhibition of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) activity, but it remains unclear whether other ruminant species are also affected. The present study examined the effects of oral administration of Co acetate on intake, rumen function, and milk production and fatty acid (FA) composition in sheep. Twenty lactating Assaf ewes were allocated into 1 of 4 groups and used in a continuous randomized block design that involved a 15-d adaptation, a 6-d treatment, and a 10-d posttreatment period. During the treatment period, animals received an oral drench supplying 0 (control), 3 (Co3), 6 (Co6), and 9 (Co9) mg of Co/kg of BW per day, administered in 3 equal doses at 8-h intervals. Cobalt acetate had no influence on intake or milk fat and protein concentrations, whereas treatments Co6 and Co9 tended to lower milk yield. Results on rumen parameters showed no effects on rumen fermentation, FA composition, or bacterial community structure. Administration of Co acetate decreased milk concentrations of FA containing a cis-9 double bond and SCD product:substrate ratios, consistent with an inhibition of SCD activity in the ovine mammary gland. Temporal changes in milk fat composition indicated that the effects of treatments were evident within 3d of dosing, with further changes being apparent after 6d and reverting to pretreatment values by d 6 after administration. Effect on milk FA composition did not differ substantially in response to incremental doses of Co acetate. On average, Co decreased milk cis-9 10:1/10:0, cis-9 12:1/12:0, cis-9 14:1/14:0, cis-9 16:1/16:0, cis-9 17:1/17:0, cis-9 18:1/18:0, and cis-9,trans-11 18:2/trans-11 18:1 concentration ratios by 30, 32, 38, 33, 21, 24, and 25%, respectively. Changes in milk fat cis-9 10:1, cis-9 12:1, and cis-9 14:1 concentrations to Co treatment indicated that 51% of cis-9 18:1 and cis-9,trans-11 18:2 secreted in milk originated from Δ(9)-desaturation. In conclusion, results demonstrated the potential of oral Co administration for the estimation of endogenous synthesis of FA containing a cis-9 double bond in the mammary gland of lactating ruminants. Indirect comparisons suggest that the effects of Co differ between sheep and cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - E Ramos-Morales
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - K J Shingfield
- Animal Production Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - A Belenguer
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
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