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Peña-Mosca F, Dean C, Fernandes L, Doster E, Sharpe K, Ray T, Feijoo V, Antunes A, Baumann C, Wehri T, Heins B, Pinedo P, Machado V, Noyes N, Caixeta L. Associations between early lactation intramammary infections and udder health and performance during the first 180 days in milk in first-lactation organic dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2426-2443. [PMID: 37923212 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Prior data from our group showed that first-lactation cows under organic management in United States have a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus chromogenes intramammary infections (IMI) in early lactation. Nonetheless, the relationship between IMI, udder health, and milk production in organically reared primiparous cows remains elusive. The objectives of this observational study were to investigate the relationship between presence and persistence of IMI in the first 35 d in milk (DIM) and somatic cell count (SCC) and milk production during the first 6 mo of lactation on first-lactation organic dairy cows. The analysis included a total of 1,348 composite milk samples collected during the first 35 DIM that were submitted for milk culture and 1,674 Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) tests during the first 180 DIM from 333 heifers in 4 organic dairy farms, enrolled between February 2019 and January 2020. The association between IMI in the first 35 DIM and new high SCC (SCC > 200,000 cells/mL) and milk production during the first 6 mo of lactation was investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression and mixed linear regression, respectively. The association between IMI persistence (harboring the same microorganism as reported by the laboratory for 2 or more samples) in the first 35 DIM and number of DHIA tests with high SCC during the first 6 mo of lactation was modeled using negative binomial regression. The presence of IMI by Staph. aureus (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 3.35 [2.64, 4.25]) or Streptococcus spp. (HR [95% CI]: 2.25 [2.12, 2.39]) during the first 35 DIM was associated with an increased risk of new high SCC during the first 6 mo of lactation. Milk production was reduced when Streptococcus spp. were identified in milk samples. However, there was no evidence of a difference in milk production in Staph. aureus IMI. Isolation of non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci was related to a mild increase in the hazards of high SCC (HR [95% CI]: 1.34 [0.97, 1.85]) and a decrease in milk production during one or more postpartum tests. Presence of gram-negative or Streptococcus-like organisms IMI was not associated with either high SCC or milk production. Presence of Bacillus IMI was associated with a lower hazard of new high SCC (HR [95% CI]: 0.45 [0.30, 0.68]), and higher milk production during the first 180 d of lactation (overall estimate [95% CI]: 1.7 kg/d [0.3, 3.0]). The persistence of IMI in the first 35 DIM was associated with the number of tests with high SCC during the lactation for all microorganisms except for Staphylococcus chromogenes. Therefore, our results suggest that the persistence of IMI in the first 35 DIM could be an important factor to understand the association between IMI detected in early lactation and lactational SCC and milk production in organic dairy heifers. Our study described associations between IMI, udder health, and milk production in first-lactation organic dairy cows that are consistent with findings from conventional dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Peña-Mosca
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Chris Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Leticia Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Enrique Doster
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Kirsten Sharpe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Tui Ray
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Victoria Feijoo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Acir Antunes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Carol Baumann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Thomas Wehri
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Bradley Heins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Vinicius Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Noelle Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Luciano Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.
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Linehan K, Patangia DV, Ross RP, Stanton C. Production, Composition and Nutritional Properties of Organic Milk: A Critical Review. Foods 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 38397527 PMCID: PMC10887702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is one of the most valuable products in the food industry with most milk production throughout the world being carried out using conventional management, which includes intensive and traditional systems. The intensive use of fertilizers, antibiotics, pesticides and concerns regarding animal health and the environment have given increasing importance to organic dairy and dairy products in the last two decades. This review aims to compare the production, nutritional, and compositional properties of milk produced by conventional and organic dairy management systems. We also shed light on the health benefits of milk and the worldwide scenario of the organic dairy production system. Most reports suggest milk has beneficial health effects with very few, if any, adverse effects reported. Organic milk is reported to confer additional benefits due to its lower omega-6-omega-3 ratio, which is due to the difference in feeding practices, with organic cows predominantly pasture fed. Despite the testified animal, host, and environmental benefits, organic milk production is difficult in several regions due to the cost-intensive process and geographical conditions. Finally, we offer perspectives for a better future and highlight knowledge gaps in the organic dairy management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Linehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Dhrati V. Patangia
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
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Peña-Mosca F, Dean C, Machado V, Fernandes L, Pinedo P, Doster E, Heins B, Sharpe K, Ray T, Feijoo V, Antunes A, Baumann C, Wehri T, Noyes N, Caixeta L. Investigation of intramammary infections in primiparous cows during early lactation on organic dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9377-9392. [PMID: 37641314 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that organically raised dairy cows have an increased prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus compared with conventionally raised dairy cows. However, little information exists about the dynamics of intramammary infection (IMI) in primiparous cows during early lactation on organic dairy farms. The objective of this study was to describe the IMI dynamics of primiparous cows on certified organic farms during early lactation. This longitudinal study enrolled 503 primiparous cows from 5 organic dairy farms from February 2019 to January 2020. Quarter-level milk samples were collected aseptically on a weekly basis during the first 5 wk of lactation. Samples were pooled by cow and time point into composite samples inside a sterilized laminar hood and submitted for microbiological culture. For each of the different microorganisms identified, we estimated the prevalence in each postpartum sample, period prevalence (PP), cumulative incidence, and persistence of IMI. Logistic regression models were used to investigate whether the prevalence of IMI differed by farm or sampling time points and whether IMI persistence differed between detected microorganisms. Our findings revealed a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (PP = 18.9%), non-aureus staphylococci and closely related mammaliicoccal species (PP = 52.1%), and Streptococcus spp. and Streptococcus-like organisms (PP = 32.1%) within the study population. The prevalence of these microorganisms varied significantly between farms. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus chromogenes exhibited significantly higher IMI persistence compared with other detected bacterial taxa, confirming the divergent epidemiological behavior in terms of IMI chronicity across different microorganisms. This study improves our understanding of the epidemiology of mastitis-causing pathogens in organically raised primiparous cows, which can be used to tailor mastitis control plans for this unique yet growing subpopulation of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Peña-Mosca
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Chris Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Vinicius Machado
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Leticia Fernandes
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Enrique Doster
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Bradley Heins
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Kirsten Sharpe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Tui Ray
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Victoria Feijoo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Acir Antunes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Carol Baumann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Thomas Wehri
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Noelle Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Luciano Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108.
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, De Boyer des Roches A, Jensen MB, Mee J, Green M, Thulke H, Bailly‐Caumette E, Candiani D, Lima E, Van der Stede Y, Winckler C. Welfare of dairy cows. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07993. [PMID: 37200854 PMCID: PMC10186071 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This Scientific Opinion addresses a European Commission's mandate on the welfare of dairy cows as part of the Farm to Fork strategy. It includes three assessments carried out based on literature reviews and complemented by expert opinion. Assessment 1 describes the most prevalent housing systems for dairy cows in Europe: tie-stalls, cubicle housing, open-bedded systems and systems with access to an outdoor area. Per each system, the scientific opinion describes the distribution in the EU and assesses the main strengths, weaknesses and hazards potentially reducing the welfare of dairy cows. Assessment 2 addresses five welfare consequences as requested in the mandate: locomotory disorders (including lameness), mastitis, restriction of movement and resting problems, inability to perform comfort behaviour and metabolic disorders. Per each welfare consequence, a set of animal-based measures is suggested, a detailed analysis of the prevalence in different housing systems is provided, and subsequently, a comparison of the housing systems is given. Common and specific system-related hazards as well as management-related hazards and respective preventive measures are investigated. Assessment 3 includes an analysis of farm characteristics (e.g. milk yield, herd size) that could be used to classify the level of on-farm welfare. From the available scientific literature, it was not possible to derive relevant associations between available farm data and cow welfare. Therefore, an approach based on expert knowledge elicitation (EKE) was developed. The EKE resulted in the identification of five farm characteristics (more than one cow per cubicle at maximum stocking density, limited space for cows, inappropriate cubicle size, high on-farm mortality and farms with less than 2 months access to pasture). If one or more of these farm characteristics are present, it is recommended to conduct an assessment of cow welfare on the farm in question using animal-based measures for specified welfare consequences.
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Ágredo-Campos ÁS, Fernández-Silva JA, Ramírez-Vásquez NF. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. prevalence in bulk tank milk of Colombian herds and associated milking practices. Vet World 2023; 16:869-881. [PMID: 37235157 PMCID: PMC10206969 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.869-881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine mastitis is one of the most costly and prevalent diseases in dairy herds, which can be prevented and controlled through proper milking practices, diagnosis, and elimination of chronic animals, among others. Contagious pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and environmental pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. can affect cows and milk for human consumption, generating a public health risk. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of herds with somatic cell count (SCC) ≥200,000 cells/mL, S. aureus, E. coli, and Klebsiella spp., in bulk tank milk (BTM) and its associated risk factors in Colombian dairy cow herds. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional probabilistic study was carried out in 150 dairy herds located in the north of the Antioquia province. A single visit per herd was conducted, during which three BTM samples were aseptically collected. General data and milking practices were collected through an epidemiological survey applied in each herd. Results The prevalence of S. aureus, E. coli, and Klebsiella spp. were 14% (21/150), 2% (3/150), and 8% (12/150), respectively. Moreover, 95% of the herds presented an SCC of ≥200,000 cells/mL. Practices such as in-paddock milking, change of milker during the last month, use of disposable gloves, and hand disinfection were associated with increased prevalence of S. aureus, whereas proper dipping was a protective factor. Proper washing and disinfection of the milking machine, use of chlorinated disinfectants for hand hygiene, and use of disposable gloves decreased the prevalence of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Bulk tank SCC increased in herds with 30-60 milking cows, herds with >60 milking cows, and herds with a change of milker during the last month. Hand disinfection and dipping decreased the SCC. Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Klebsiella spp. were prevalent in BTM from dairy cow herds. The risk of S. aureus isolation was higher in herds with an in-paddock milking system. The risk of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolation were higher in herds with >60 milking cows, with a change of milker during the last month. Processes such as avoiding changing the milker and greater control in medium and large herds could improve the SCC in BTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Sofía Ágredo-Campos
- Centauro, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge A. Fernández-Silva
- Centauro, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nicolás F. Ramírez-Vásquez
- Centauro, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
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Maisano AM, Luini M, Gazzola A, Sala L, Vezzoli F, Bertocchi L, Lorenzi V, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Bergagna S, Romano A, Scaltriti E, Bolzoni L, Ivanovic I, Romanò A, Graber HU. Staphylococcus aureus adlb gene is associated with high prevalence of intramammary infection in dairy herds of northern Italy: A cross-sectional study. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3421-3435. [PMID: 36907760 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major mastitis pathogen in dairy cattle worldwide, responsible for substantial economic losses. Environmental factors, milking routine, and good maintenance of milking equipment have been described as important factors to prevent intramammary infections (IMI). Staphylococcus aureus IMI can be widespread within the farm or the infection can be limited to few animals. Several studies have reported that Staph. aureus genotypes differ in their ability to spread within a herd. In particular, Staph. aureus belonging to ribosomal spacer PCR genotype B (GTB)/clonal complex 8 (CC8) is associated with high within-herd prevalence of IMI, whereas other genotypes are generally associated with individual cow disease. The adlb gene seems to be strictly related to Staph. aureus GTB/CC8, and is a potential marker of contagiousness. We investigated Staph. aureus IMI prevalence in 60 herds in northern Italy. In the same farms, we assessed specific indicators linked to milking management (e.g., teat condition score and udder hygiene score) and additional milking risk factors for IMI spread. Ribosomal spacer-PCR and adlb-targeted PCR were performed on 262 Staph. aureus isolates, of which 77 underwent multilocus sequence typing. In most of the herds (90%), a predominant genotype was identified, especially Staph. aureus CC8 (30%). In 19 of 60 herds, the predominant circulating Staph. aureus was adlb-positive and the observed IMI prevalence was relevant. Moreover, the adlb gene was detected only in genotypes of CC8 and CC97. Statistical analysis showed a strong association between the prevalence of Staph. aureus IMI, the specific CCs, and carriage of adlb, with the predominant circulating CC and presence of the gene alone explaining the total variation. Interestingly, the difference in the odds ratio obtained in the models for CC8 and CC97 suggests that it is carriage of the adlb gene, rather than the circulation of these CCs per se, that leads to higher within-herd prevalence of Staph. aureus. In addition, the model showed that environmental and milking management factors had no or minimal effect on Staph. aureus IMI prevalence. In conclusion, the circulation of adlb-positive Staph. aureus strains within a herd has a strong effect on the prevalence of IMI. Thus, adlb can be proposed as a genetic marker of contagiousness for Staph. aureus IMI in cattle. However, further analyses using whole-genome sequencing are required to understand the role of genes other than adlb that may be involved in the mechanisms of contagiousness of Staph. aureus strains associated with high prevalence of IMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Maisano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - M Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - A Gazzola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - L Sala
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - F Vezzoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - L Bertocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Reparto Produzione e Controllo Materiale Biologico, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - V Lorenzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Reparto Produzione e Controllo Materiale Biologico, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - P Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - B Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - S Bergagna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Laboratorio Benessere Animale, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - A Romano
- Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci Including Staphylococcus aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - E Scaltriti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - L Bolzoni
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - I Ivanovic
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Romanò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H U Graber
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
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Deddefo A, Mamo G, Asfaw M, Amenu K. Factors affecting the microbiological quality and contamination of farm bulk milk by Staphylococcus aureus in dairy farms in Asella, Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:65. [PMID: 36882721 PMCID: PMC9990340 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of the microbiological quality and safety of raw milk and the associated influencing factors at the farm level is very critical given that the quality or safety of subsequent products that are further produced depends on this. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the microbiological quality and safety of bulk milk and identify associated risk factors, and assess the presence/absence of S. aureus in bulk milk with potential contaminating sources in dairy farms in Asella, Ethiopia. RESULTS The geometric means of bacterial counts in farm bulk milk were 5.25 log cfu/ml, 3.1 log cfu/ml and 2.97 log cfu/ml for total bacterial count (TBC), coliform count (CC) and coagulase-positive staphylococci count (CPS), respectively. Of the 50 dairy farms, 66, 88, and 32% had TBC, CC and CPS counts, respectively, that exceeded the standard international limits for raw cow's milk intended for direct human consumption. TBC tended to increase as CC increased in bulk milk (r = 0.5). In the final regression model, increased TBC, CC and the contamination of farm bulk milk by S. aureus were significantly associated with dirty barns, dirty cows and soiled udder and teats. TBC was higher during the rainy season than during the dry season. The reported practice of washing teats with warm water significantly decreased CC and CPS. The occurrence of S. aureus was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in bulk farm milk (42%) than in pooled udder milk (37.3%), teat swabs (22.5%), milkers' hand swabs (18%), bulking bucket swabs (16.7%), milking container swabs (14%), and water for cleaning of udder and milkers' hands (10%). The questionnaire survey result showed widespred raw milk consumption habits, low level of training and poor hygienic milking practices. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed low-quality bulk farm milk with high bacterial counts and a high occurrence of S. aureus. This indicates the potential food safety risks due to consumption of raw milk or its products. This study suggests awareness creation to dairy farmers and the public on hygienic milk production and heat treatment of milk before consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiot Deddefo
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Arsi University, P.O.Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia. .,College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Gezahegne Mamo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Minda Asfaw
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Arsi University, P.O.Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Amenu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.,Animal and Human Health Programme, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O.Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Gajewska J, Zakrzewski A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Zadernowska A. Meta-analysis of the global occurrence of S. aureus in raw cattle milk and artisanal cheeses. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Abreu ACDS, Crippa BL, Souza VVMAD, Nuñez KVM, Almeida JMD, Rodrigues MX, Silva NCC. Assessment of sanitiser efficacy against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from Minas Frescal cheese producers in São Paulo, Brazil. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Abreu ACDS, Carazzolle MF, Crippa BL, Barboza GR, Mores Rall VL, de Oliveira Rocha L, Silva NCC. Bacterial diversity in organic and conventional Minas Frescal cheese production using targeted 16S rRNA sequencing. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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da Silva Abreu AC, Matos LG, da Silva Cândido TJ, Barboza GR, de Souza VVMA, Munive Nuñez KV, Cirone Silva NC. Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from organic and conventional Minas Frescal cheese producers in São Paulo, Brazil. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4012-4022. [PMID: 33516545 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Staphylococcus is recognized worldwide as a cause of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Antibiotics used in dairy cattle combined with ineffective control can increase antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to characterize 95 Staphylococcus strains isolated from organic and conventional Minas Frescal cheese production regarding antibiotic resistance (phenotype and genotype), presence of sanitizer-resistant genes and biofilm-formation genes, and SCCmec typing. Most strains (25.3%) showed higher resistance to penicillin, followed by oxacillin (21.1%) and clindamycin (11.6%). Among antibiotic resistance genes, the most prevalent were blaZ (25.3%), mecA (13.7%), lsaB (6.3%), msrA (4.2%), ant4 (3.2%), and tetM (2.1%); among sanitizer-resistance genes they were qacA/B (5.3%) and qacC (6.3%); and among biofilm, bap (4.2%), icaA (29.5%), icaD (41.1%). However, there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional dairy products, possibly due to the lack of synthetic antibiotic use on conventional farms during the sample collection period. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) had their SCCmec identified as types I and IVc, and the methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci had nontypeable SCCmec. These results suggest that there are antibiotic-resistant strains in both organic and conventional Minas Frescal cheese production in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This supports the idea that improved quality control is needed from the milking stage up to the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Gustavo Matos
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Talita Junia da Silva Cândido
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rueda Barboza
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Vanessa Munive Nuñez
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
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12
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Antibiotic-resistance, enterotoxin gene profiles and farm-level prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in cow, sheep and goat bulk tank milk in Jordan. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Bradley AJ, Leach KA, Green MJ, Gibbons J, Ohnstad IC, Black DH, Payne B, Prout VE, Breen JE. The impact of dairy cows' bedding material and its microbial content on the quality and safety of milk - A cross sectional study of UK farms. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 269:36-45. [PMID: 29421356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of bedding dairy cows on recycled manure solids (RMS) in the UK led to concern by competent authorities that there could be an increased, unacceptable risk to animal and human health. A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the microbial content of different bedding materials, when used by dairy cows, and its impact on the microbial content of milk. Data were collected from farms bedding lactating cows on sand (n=41), sawdust (n=44) and RMS (n=40). The mean duration of RMS use prior to sampling was 13months. Total bacterial count, and counts of Streptococcus/Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus cereus, thermophilic, thermoduric and psychrotrophic bacteria were determined in used bedding and milk. Samples were evaluated for the presence/absence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica. Data on milking practices were collected to investigate their potential to reduce microbial transfer from bedding to milk. There were substantial differences in bacterial counts both within and between bedding materials. However, there were no significant differences between bedding groups in counts in milk for any of the organisms studied, and no significant correlations between bacterial load in used bedding and milk. Fore-milking was associated with a reduced total bacterial count in milk. Dipping teats with disinfectant and drying, prior to milking, was associated with lower numbers of Streptococcus/Enterococcus spp. in milk. Disinfecting clusters between milking different cows was associated with a reduction in thermophilic and psychrotrophic counts in milk. This study did not provide evidence that use of RMS bedding increased the risk of presence of Y. enterocolitica, Salmonella spp. or L. monocytogenes in milk. However, the strength of this conclusion should be tempered by the relatively small number of farms on which Y. enterocolitica and Salmonella spp. were isolated. It is concluded that, despite the higher bacterial load of RMS, its use as bedding for lactating dairy cows need not be associated with a higher bacterial load in milk than the use of sand or sawdust. However, this finding must be interpreted in the light of the relatively recent introduction of RMS as a bedding material on the farms studied. Teat preparation provides a control point for the potential transfer of microorganisms from bedding to milk. The detection of zoonotic pathogens in a small proportion of milk samples, independent of bedding type, indicates that pasteurisation of milk prior to human consumption remains an important control measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bradley
- QMMS Ltd, Cedar Barn, Easton, Wells, Somerset BA5 1DU, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | | | - Martin J Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Jenny Gibbons
- AHDB Dairy, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth, Warwickshire CV8 2TL, UK.
| | - Ian C Ohnstad
- The Dairy Group, New Agriculture House, Blackbrook Park Avenue, Taunton, Somerset TA1 2PX, UK.
| | - David H Black
- Paragon Veterinary Group, Carlisle House, Townhead Road, Dalston, Carlisle, Cumbria CA5 7JF, UK.
| | - Barbara Payne
- QMMS Ltd, Cedar Barn, Easton, Wells, Somerset BA5 1DU, UK
| | | | - James E Breen
- QMMS Ltd, Cedar Barn, Easton, Wells, Somerset BA5 1DU, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Ou Q, Zhou J, Lin D, Bai C, Zhang T, Lin J, Zheng H, Wang X, Ye J, Ye X, Yao Z. A large meta-analysis of the global prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA contamination of milk. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2213-2228. [PMID: 28686461 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1308916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Past reports have indicated a high prevalence of milk contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA in pasteurized and boiled cow's milk, raw cow's milk, and raw Caprinae milk (raw sheep's milk and raw goat's milk) and across different periods, continents, economic conditions and purchase locations remain inconsistent. We searched relevant articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science before July 2016. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement was used to evaluate the quality of 93 included studies. We observed that the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus contamination in pasteurized and boiled cow's milk, raw cow's milk, and raw Caprinae milk were 15.4% (95% CI, 6.1-27.5%), 33.5% (95% CI, 29.5-37.7%) and 25.8% (95% CI, 17.5-35.0%), respectively. The pooled prevalence rates of MRSA contamination were 4.9% (95% CI, 0.0-15.7%), 2.3% (95% CI, 1.3-3.6%), and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.5-1.8%), respectively. The prevalence of S. aureus contamination in raw cow's milk increased over time. However, the pooled prevalence of raw cow's milk contaminated with S. aureus was lowest in European studies. These findings give an indication of the consequence of better milk regulation in Europe. High S. aureus prevalence rates in raw milk collected from farms and processing companies pose a potential threat to consumers. The implementation of good hygiene practices, appropriate health knowledge, and food safety principles at the farm level, as well as the prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and heat treatment before drinking, are necessary to reduce the potential risk of S. aureus and MRSA contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Ou
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Junli Zhou
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chan Bai
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ting Zhang
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jialing Lin
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Haoqu Zheng
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiaping Ye
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
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Ürkek B, Şengül M, Erkaya T, Aksakal V. Prevalence and Comparing of Some Microbiological Properties, Somatic Cell Count and Antibiotic Residue of Organic and Conventional Raw Milk Produced in Turkey. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:264-273. [PMID: 28515650 PMCID: PMC5434213 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.2.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of production systems and milk collection periods on the somatic cell count (SCC), some microbiological properties, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliform, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), yeast and mould) and antibiotic residue of milk; in Turkey. Milk samples were collected from 9 conventional farms and 9 organic farms during one year time, at six different months (December 2013 to October 2014), and all farms were selected from the same geographical locations. All organically managed farms had organic production certificates given by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The count of TAMB, coliform, and coagulase positive S. aureus were affected by production systems at the level of p<0.01; yeast and mold, and somatic cell count (SCC) were affected at the level of p<0.05. But, differences according to months were statistically significant only on TAMB (p<0.01) and coliform (p<0.05) counts. The general means of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould counts of the organic milk (OM) were significantly lower (p<0.05), while the general means of SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus count of the OM was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to conventional milk (CM). Antibiotic residue was determined in one of the CM sample and in two of the OM samples. Our study is the first research that compared conventional and organic milk in Turkey. This study indicated that the microbiological quality of OM was the higher in terms of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould, whereas was the lower in relation to SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus counts. But, the quality of both milk types should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Ürkek
- Department of Food Processing, Siran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational High School, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Şengül
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Erkaya
- Department of Food Processing, Vocational High School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Vecihi Aksakal
- Veterinary Department, Vocational High School, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
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16
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Differences in sheep and goats milk microbiological profile between conventional and organic farming systems in Greece. J DAIRY RES 2017; 84:206-213. [PMID: 28294933 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029917000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine differences in the microbiological profile and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from milk from organic and conventional sheep and goat farms. Twenty-five organic and 25 conventional sheep and goat farms in the region of Thessaly, Greece participated in this study. A standardised detailed questionnaire was used to describe farming practices. A total of 50 samples were collected and analysed for total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and somatic cell count (SCC), while Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated using standard methods. Isolates were identified at species level by Api-test and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Susceptibility to a panel of 20 for E. coli and 16 for S. aureus antimicrobials was determined by the agar dilution method. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for S. aureus and E. coli isolates to determine predominant clones. Lower counts of TVC, TCC and SCC were identified in milk from the organic farms, possibly due to differences in the hygienic farming practices found on those farms. API-tests and MALDI-TOF MS showed no significant differences in the S. aureus and E. coli isolates. Overall, antimicrobial resistance rates were low, while a statistically higher percentage was estimated among strains originating from conventional farms in comparison with organic farms, possibly due to the restriction of antibiotic use in organic farming. PFGE revealed diversity among S. aureus and E. coli populations in both organic and conventional farms indicating circulation of 2-3 main clones changing slightly during their evolution. Consequently, there is evidence that milk from the organic farms presents a better microbiological profile when compared with milk from conventional farms.
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17
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Dai F, Zhang M, Xu D, Yang Y, Wang J, Li M, Du M. The development of methods for the detection of Salmonella
in chickens by a combination of immunomagnetic separation and PCRs. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 64:888-894. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Dai
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Testing; Beijing Academy of Science and Technology; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Safety Analysis; Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Testing; Beijing Academy of Science and Technology; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Safety Analysis; Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Dixin Xu
- Beijing Scientific Instruments and Materials Cooperation; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Testing; Beijing Academy of Science and Technology; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Safety Analysis; Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiao Wang
- China Meitan General Hospital; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Testing; Beijing Academy of Science and Technology; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Safety Analysis; Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Meihong Du
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Testing; Beijing Academy of Science and Technology; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Safety Analysis; Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis; Beijing People's Republic of China
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18
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da Costa L, Rajala-Schultz P, Schuenemann G. Management practices associated with presence of Staphylococcus aureus in bulk tank milk from Ohio dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1364-1373. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Azevedo C, Pacheco D, Soares L, Romão R, Moitoso M, Maldonado J, Guix R, Simões J. Prevalence of contagious and environmental mastitis-causing bacteria in bulk tank milk and its relationships with milking practices of dairy cattle herds in São Miguel Island (Azores). Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 48:451-9. [PMID: 26719295 PMCID: PMC4731434 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the degree of contamination of bulk tank milk (BTM) by Staphylococcus spp. and coliform bacteria and to identify major milking practices that help perpetuate them in dairy cattle herds in São Miguel Island. In July 2014, BTM was sampled and a survey concerning local milking practices was conducted on 100 herds. Semi quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction detected coagulase-negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and other coliform bacteria (Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens) in 100, 75, 59, and 35 % of BTM, respectively. According to multivariable univariate models, on herds not using hot water for cleaning the milking machine and teat liners, there was at least 3.4 more odds (P < 0.01) to have S. aureus or coliform bacteria contamination in BTM. The likelihood of finding S. aureus in BTM was higher (P < 0.001) on herds without high hygiene during milking, when milking mastitic cows at the end, on abrupt cessation of milking at dry-off, and official milk control implementation. The glove use also favored (odds ratio (OR) 5.8; P < 0.01) the detection of coliform bacteria in BTM. Poor milking practices identified in this study should be avoided in order to decrease S. aureus and coliform bacteria contamination of BTM. Other factors associated with milk quality in São Miguel Island also should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Azevedo
- HIPRA, Avinguda La Selva, 135, 17170, Amer, Girona, Spain
| | - Diana Pacheco
- University of Évora, Largo dos colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal
| | - Luísa Soares
- São Miguel Young Farmers Association, Arrifes, Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, 9500-372, Azores, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Romão
- University of Évora, Largo dos colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal
| | - Mónica Moitoso
- São Miguel Young Farmers Association, Arrifes, Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, 9500-372, Azores, Portugal
| | | | - Roger Guix
- HIPRA, Avinguda La Selva, 135, 17170, Amer, Girona, Spain
| | - João Simões
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-811, Vila Real, Portugal.
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20
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Levison LJ, Miller-Cushon EK, Tucker AL, Bergeron R, Leslie KE, Barkema HW, DeVries TJ. Incidence rate of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on conventional and organic Canadian dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:1341-1350. [PMID: 26686728 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a common and costly production disease on dairy farms. In Canada, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM) has been determined for conventionally managed dairy farms; however, no studies to date have assessed rates in organically managed systems. The objectives of this observational study were (1) to determine the producer-reported IRCM and predominant pathogen types on conventional and organic dairy farms in Southern Ontario, Canada, and (2) to evaluate the association of both mean overall IRCM and pathogen-specific IRCM with management system, housing type, and pasture access. Data from 59 dairy farms in Southern Ontario, Canada, distributed across conventional (n=41) and organic management (n=18) systems, were collected from April 2011 to May 2012. In addition to management system, farms were categorized by housing method (loose or tie-stall) and pasture access for lactating cows. Participating producers identified and collected samples from 936 cases of clinical mastitis. The most frequently isolated mastitis pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Bacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The IRCM was higher on conventional farms than organic (23.7 vs. 13.2 cases per 100 cow-years) and was not associated with housing type (loose or tie-stall), pasture access, or herd-average milk yield. Bulk tank somatic cell count tended to be lower on conventional farms than organic (222,000 vs. 272,000 cells/mL). Pathogen-specific IRCM attributed to Staph. aureus, Bacillus spp., and E. coli was greater on conventional than organic farms, but was not associated with housing or any other factors. In conclusion, organic management was associated with reduced overall and pathogen-specific IRCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Levison
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E K Miller-Cushon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - A L Tucker
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Bergeron
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Alfred, ON, K0B 1A0, Canada
| | - K E Leslie
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - H W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Bergman MA, Richert RM, Cicconi-Hogan KM, Gamroth MJ, Schukken YH, Stiglbauer KE, Ruegg PL. Comparison of selected animal observations and management practices used to assess welfare of calves and adult dairy cows on organic and conventional dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4269-80. [PMID: 24819133 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Differences in adoption of selected practices used in welfare assessment and audit programs were contrasted among organic (ORG; n=192) herds and similarly sized conventional grazing herds (CON-GR; n=36), and conventional nongrazing herds (CON-NG; n=64). Criteria from 3 programs were assessed: American Humane Association Animal Welfare Standards for Dairy Cattle, Farmers Assuring Responsible Management (FARM), and the Canadian Codes of Practice (CCP). Data were collected by trained study personnel during a herd visit and included information about neonatal care, dehorning, pain relief, calf nutrition, weaning, record keeping, use of veterinarians, and animal observations. Associations of management type (ORG, CON-GR, or CON-NG) with adoption of selected practice were assessed. Almost all farms (97%) met criteria suggested for age at weaning but fewer CON-NG farmers weaned calves at ≥5 wk of age compared with ORG and CON-GR farmers. Only 23% of farms met program requirements for use of pain relief during dehorning, and fewer CON-NG farmers used pain relief for calves after dehorning compared with ORG and CON-GR farmers. Calves on ORG farms were fed a greater volume of milk and were weaned at an older age than calves on CON-GR and CON-NG farms. Calves on CON-GR farms were dehorned at a younger age compared with calves on ORG and CON-NG farms. The calving area was shared with lactating cows for a larger proportion of ORG herds compared with conventional herds. About 30% of herds met welfare program criteria for body condition score but only about 20% met criteria for animal hygiene scores. The least proportion of cows with hock lesions was observed on ORG farms. Regular use of veterinarians was infrequent for ORG herds. Results of this study indicate that most of the organic and conventional farms enrolled in this study would have been unlikely to achieve many criteria of audit and assessment programs currently used in the US dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bergman
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - R M Richert
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - K M Cicconi-Hogan
- Quality Milk Production Services, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - M J Gamroth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - Y H Schukken
- Quality Milk Production Services, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - K E Stiglbauer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - P L Ruegg
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
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Cicconi-Hogan K, Belomestnykh N, Gamroth M, Ruegg P, Tikofsky L, Schukken Y. Short communication: Prevalence of methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk milk on organic and conventional dairy farms in the United States. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2959-64. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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