1
|
Du C, Zhao X, Chu C, Nan L, Ren X, Yan L, Zhang X, Zhang S, Teng Z. Identification and quantification of goat milk adulteration using mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 324:124969. [PMID: 39153347 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The fraudulent adulteration of goat milk with cheaper and more available milk of other species such as cow milk is occurrence. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of goat milk adulteration with cow milk on the mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum and further evaluate the potential of MIR spectroscopy to identify and quantify the goat milk adulterated. Goat milk was adulterated with cow milk at 5 different levels including 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Statistical analysis showed that the adulteration had significant effect on the majority of the spectral wavenumbers. Then, the spectrum was preprocessed with standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scattering correction (MSC), Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG), SG plus SNV, and SG plus MSC, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used to establish classification and regression models, respectively. PLS-DA models obtained good results with all the sensitivity and specificity over 0.96 in the cross-validation set. Regression models using raw spectrum obtained the best result, with coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) of cross-validation set were 0.98, 2.01, and 8.49, respectively. The results preliminarily indicate that the MIR spectroscopy is an effective technique to detect the goat milk adulteration with cow milk. In future, milk samples from different origins and different breeds of goats and cows should be collected, and more sophisticated adulteration at low levels should be further studied to explore the potential and effectiveness of milk mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - XueHan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - XiaoLi Ren
- Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - XiaoJian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - ShuJun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - ZhanWei Teng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Machefert C, Robert-Granié C, Astruc JM, Larroque H. Genetic parameters of milk mid-infrared spectra and their genetic relationships with milk production and feed efficiency traits in French Lacaune dairy sheep. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01114-7. [PMID: 39245167 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
In French dairy sheep, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) milk spectral data routinely predict the major milk components used in national genetic evaluations. The direct influence of genetic and environmental factors on milk FTIR spectra has been widely studied in dairy cattle, and relatively little in dairy ewes. In this study, 36,873 milk test-day records were available for 4,712 French Lacaune ewes farmed on 8 commercial farms. Our main goals were to provide the first description of spectral data and estimate the genetic parameters of French Lacaune dairy sheep during lactation. Principal component analysis (PCA) results demonstrated the impact of the lactation period on specific wavenumbers, allowing the identification of FTIR spectra collected at early (mo 2-4) and late (mo 5-7) lactation stages. The average estimated heritability (±mean SE) of the FTIR milk spectra from 2,971 to 926 cm-1 (446 wavenumbers) was 0.29 ± 0.02, ranging from 0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.42 ± 0.02. Furthermore, the heritabilities of spectra collected at the beginning or end of lactation changed at each point of the spectrum. However, at each wavenumber, the genomic correlation of transmittance values between these 2 lactation periods was high (>0.77), indicating the absence of a genotype-environment interaction. The genomic correlations between spectral regions and milk production traits (i.e., daily milk yield, fat and protein content, somatic cell score) varied from moderate to high. The results suggested that the most heritable areas of the spectrum were also genetically associated with dairy traits. Finally, the genomic correlations observed between the ewes' feed efficiency traits and the FTIR spectrum were moderate to high, while the genomic correlations between the change in body condition score and spectral data were rather low to moderate. This study confirmed that spectral data from Lacaune ewe milk were heritable, evolved phenotypically and genetically during lactation and were genetically correlated with traits included in breeding goals or traits of interest to the dairy industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Machefert
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - C Robert-Granié
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - J M Astruc
- Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75595 Paris, France
| | - H Larroque
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao Z, Zou W, Zhang X, Nie P, Lv H, Wang W, Zhao X, Yang Y, Yang L. Integrating mid-infrared spectroscopy, machine learning, and graphical bias correction for fatty acid prediction in water buffalo milk. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6470-6482. [PMID: 38501395 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buffalo milk, constituting 15% of global production, has higher fatty acids content than Holstein milk. Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy is widely used for dairy analysis, but its application to buffalo milk, with larger fat globules, remains understudied. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop machine learning models based on FT-MIR spectroscopy for predicting fatty acids in buffalo milk and to assess the accuracy of commercial milk analyzers. This research provides a convenient, fast, and environmentally friendly method for detecting the fatty acid composition in buffalo milk. RESULTS We employed six machine learning algorithms to establish a detection model for 34 fatty acids in buffalo milk. The predictive models demonstrated robust capabilities for high-content fatty acids [C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)], with errors within a 15% range. Traditional FT6000 detection methods exhibited limitations in measuring SFAs and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Implementing a mean difference correction of 0.21 for MUFAs and applying regression equations (SFA × 1.0639 + 0.0705; PUFA × 0.5472 + 0.0047) significantly improved measurement accuracy. CONCLUSION This study successfully developed a predictive model for fatty acids in Mediterranean buffalo milk based on FT-MIR spectroscopy. Additionally, a correction was applied to the existing measurement device, FT6000, enabling more accurate measurements of fatty acids in buffalo milk. The findings have practical implications for the food industry, offering a faster and more reliable approach to assess and monitor fatty acid composition in buffalo milk, potentially influencing product development and quality control processes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiu Yao
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (IJRCAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenna Zou
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (IJRCAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (IJRCAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Nie
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (IJRCAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haimiao Lv
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (IJRCAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (IJRCAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhong Zhao
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (IJRCAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (IJRCAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (IJRCAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martínez-Marín G, Schiavon S, Tagliapietra F, Cecchinato A, Toledo-Alvarado H, Bittante G. Interactions among breed, farm intensiveness and cow productivity on predicted enteric methane emissions at the population level. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2158953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Martínez-Marín
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Hugo Toledo-Alvarado
- Department of Genetics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Denis P, Schmidely P, Nozière P, Gervais R, Fievez V, Gerard C, Ferlay A. Predicted essential fatty acid intakes for a group of dairy cows also apply at individual animal level. Animal 2023; 17:101005. [PMID: 37897870 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ruminant requirements for essential fatty acids (EFAs), particularly linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), have not been fully determined, although evidence suggests that an adequate supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) could improve immunity and reproduction in transition cows. In previous studies, we predicted EFA intake for a group of cows based on animal characteristics and milk EFA secretions. However, to support precision livestock feeding, we need to match the nutrient requirements and intakes of each cow as closely as possible. Our group-level predictions may not be accurate enough to estimate the EFA intake of an individual cow, due to inter-individual variations in EFA digestion and metabolism related to differences in feed intake, intake patterns, and the composition and functioning of the rumen microbiota. To address this issue, here we set out to establish specific equations that predict EFA intake for an individual cow based on the difference (i.e. the residuals) between observed EFA intake and the predicted EFA intake based on our group-level equations. We studied a database of individual dairy cows (26 experiments; 503 datapoints from three research teams) and we predicted the residuals from (1) dietary and animal-related factors (i.e. full predictions) and (2) animal-related factors only (i.e. field predictions), which are considered more field-amenable. The variance of predicted LA and log ALA intake was explained to 68% by observed LA intake and 66% by observed log ALA intake, respectively. The residuals of LA intake were predicted by dietary ALA content, total FA intake, BW, milk yield and fat content in full predictions, and by BW, feeding level, milk yield and fat content, and sum of milk C4:0 to C14:0 FA in field predictions. The log residuals of ALA intake were predicted by dietary NDF and total FA contents, NDF intake, BW, milk protein, LA and ALA contents, and fat yield in full predictions, and by BW, DM intake, milk LA and ALA contents, and fat yield in field predictions. The field predictions showed a moderate loss of accuracy compared to full predictions based on RMSE of prediction (from 38 to 54 g/d for LA and from 0.090 to 0.12 log (g/d) for ALA). This work is the first to predict the EFA intake of an individual cow based on previously established group-level predictions of EFA intake adjusted for dietary and animal-related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - P Schmidely
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Nozière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - R Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - V Fievez
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - A Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pazzola M, Stocco G, Ferragina A, Bittante G, Dettori ML, Vacca GM, Cipolat-Gotet C. Cheese yield and nutrients recovery in the curd predicted by Fourier-transform spectra from individual sheep milk samples. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6759-6770. [PMID: 37230879 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to explore the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on individual sheep milk samples for predicting cheese-making traits, and to test the effect of the farm variability on their prediction accuracy. For each of 121 ewes from 4 farms, a laboratory model cheese was produced, and 3 actual cheese yield traits (fresh cheese, cheese solids, and cheese water) and 4 milk nutrient recovery traits (fat, protein, total solids, and energy) in the curd were measured. Calibration equations were developed using a Bayesian approach with 2 different scenarios: (1) a random cross-validation (80% calibration; 20% validation set), and (2) a leave-one-out validation (3 farms used as calibration, and the remaining one as validation set) to assess the accuracy of prediction of samples from external farms, not included in calibration set. The best performance was obtained for predicting the yield and recovery of total solids, justifying for the practical application of the method at sheep population and dairy industry levels. Performances for the remaining traits were lower, but still useful for the monitoring of the milk processing in the case of fresh curd and recovery of energy. Insufficient accuracies were found for the recovery of protein and fat, highlighting the complex nature of the relationships among the milk nutrients and their recovery in the curd. The leave-one-out validation procedure, as expected, showed lower prediction accuracies, as a result of the characteristics of the farming systems, which were different between calibration and validation sets. In this regard, the inclusion of information related to the farm could help to improve the prediction accuracy of these traits. Overall, a large contribution to the prediction of the cheese-making traits came from the areas known as "water" and "fingerprint" regions. These findings suggest that, according to the traits studied, the inclusion of water regions for the development of the prediction equation models is fundamental to maintain a high prediction accuracy. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the role of specific absorbance peaks and their contribution to the prediction of cheese-making traits, to offer reliable tools applicable along the dairy ovine chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Stocco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ferragina
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Afarani OR, Zali A, Dehghan-Banadaki M, Kahyani A, Esfahani MA, Ahmadi F. Altering palmitic acid and stearic acid ratios in the diet of early-lactation Holsteins under heat stress: Feed intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, milk yield and composition, and plasma metabolites. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6171-6184. [PMID: 37500434 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying the ratio of dietary palmitic (C16:0; PA) and stearic (C18:0; SA) acids on nutrient digestibility, production, and blood metabolites of early-lactation Holsteins under mild-to-moderate heat stress. Eight multiparous Holsteins (body weight = 589 ± 45 kg; days in milk = 51 ± 8 d; milk production = 38.5 ± 2.4 kg/d; mean ± standard deviation) were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design (21-d periods inclusive of 7-d data collection). The PA (88.9%)- and SA (88.5%)-enriched fat supplements, either individually or in combination, were added to diets at 2% of dry matter (DM) to formulate the following treatments: (1) 100PA:0SA (100% PA + 0% SA), (2) 66PA:34SA (66% PA + 34% SA), (3) 34PA:66SA (34% PA + 66% SA), and (4) 0PA:100SA (0% PA + 100% SA). Diets offered, in the form of total mixed rations, were formulated to be isonitrogenous (crude protein = 17.2% of DM) and isocaloric (net energy for lactation = 1.69 Mcal/kg DM), with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 40:60. Ambient temperature-humidity index averaged 72.9 throughout the experiment, suggesting that cows were under mild-to-moderate heat stress. No differences in DM intake across treatments were detected (mean 23.5 ± 0.64 kg/d). Increasing the dietary proportion of SA resulted in a linear decrease in total-tract digestibility of total fatty acids, but organic matter, DM, neutral detergent fiber, and crude protein digestibilities were not different across treatments. Decreasing dietary PA-to-SA had no effect on the time spent eating (340 min/d), rumination (460 min/d), and chewing (808 min/d). As dietary PA-to-SA decreased, milk fat concentration and yield decreased linearly, resulting in a linear decrease of 3.5% fat-corrected milk production and milk fat-to-protein ratio. Feed efficiency expressed as kg 3.5% fat-corrected milk/kg DM intake decreased linearly with decreasing the proportion of PA-to-SA in the diet. Treatments had no effect on milk protein and lactose content. A linear increase in de novo and preformed fatty acids was identified as the ratio of PA to SA decreased, while PA and SA concentrations of milk fat decreased and increased linearly, respectively. A linear reduction in blood nonesterified fatty acids and glucose was detected as the ratio of PA to SA decreased. Insulin concentration increased linearly from 10.3 in 100PA:0SA to 13.1 µIU/mL in 0PA:100SA, whereas blood β-hydroxybutyric acid was not different across treatments. In conclusion, the heat-stressed Holsteins in early-lactation phase fed diets richer in PA versus SA produced greater fat-corrected milk and were more efficient in converting feed to fat-corrected milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Ramezani Afarani
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
| | - A Zali
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran.
| | - M Dehghan-Banadaki
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
| | - A Kahyani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - M Asemi Esfahani
- Department of Animal Science, Khuzestan Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources, Molasani, Ahvaz 63417-73637, Iran
| | - F Ahmadi
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boggio GM, Christensen OF, Legarra A, Meynadier A, Marie-Etancelin C. Microbiability of milk composition and genetic control of microbiota effects in sheep. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6288-6298. [PMID: 37474364 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, high-dimensional omics data are becoming available in larger quantities, and models have been developed that integrate them with genomics to understand in finer detail the relationship between genotype and phenotype, and thus improve the performance of genetic evaluations. Our objectives are to quantify the effect of the inclusion of microbiome data in the genetic evaluation for dairy traits in sheep, through the estimation of the heritability, microbiability, and how the microbiome effect on dairy traits decomposes into genetic and nongenetic parts. In this study we analyzed milk and rumen samples of 795 Lacaune dairy ewes. We included, as phenotype, dairy traits and milk fatty acids and proteins composition; as omics measurements, 16S rRNA rumen bacterial abundances; and as genotyping, 54K SNP chip for all ewes. Two nested genomic models were used: a first model to predict the individual contributions of the genetic and microbial abundances to phenotypes, and a second model to predict the additive genetic effect of the microbial community. In addition, microbiome-wide association studies for all dairy traits were applied using the 2,059 rumen bacterial abundances, and the genetic correlations between microbiome principal components and dairy traits were estimated. Results showed that in general the inclusion of both genetic and microbiome effect did not improve the fit of the model compared with the model with the genetic effect only. In addition, for all dairy traits the total heritability was equal to the direct heritability after fitting microbiota effects, due to a microbiability being almost zero for most dairy traits and heritability of the microbial community was very close to zero. Microbiome-wide association studies did not show operational taxonomic units with major effect for any of the dairy traits evaluated, and the genetic correlations between the first 5 principal components and dairy traits were low to moderate. So far, we can conclude that, using a substantial data set of 795 Lacaune dairy ewes, rumen bacterial abundances do not provide improved genetic evaluation for dairy traits in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Martinez Boggio
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE-ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - O F Christensen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A Legarra
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE-ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - A Meynadier
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE-ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - C Marie-Etancelin
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE-ENVT, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Establishment and Validation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT–MIR) Methodology for the Detection of Linoleic Acid in Buffalo Milk. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061199. [PMID: 36981127 PMCID: PMC10048274 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Buffalo milk is a dairy product that is considered to have a higher nutritional value compared to cow’s milk. Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential fatty acid that is important for human health. This study aimed to investigate and validate the use of Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR) for the quantification of the linoleic acid in buffalo milk. Three machine learning models were used to predict linoleic acid content, and random forest was employed to select the most important subset of spectra for improved model performance. The validity of the FT-MIR methods was evaluated in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines using the accuracy profile method, and the precision, the accuracy, and the limit of quantification were determined. The results showed that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a suitable technique for the analysis of linoleic acid, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.15 mg/mL milk. Our results showed that FT-MIR spectroscopy is a viable method for LA concentration analysis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Villar-Hernández BDJ, Amalfitano N, Cecchinato A, Pazzola M, Vacca GM, Bittante G. Phenotypic Analysis of Fourier-Transform Infrared Milk Spectra in Dairy Goats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040807. [PMID: 36832882 PMCID: PMC9955890 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The infrared spectrum of bovine milk is used to predict many interesting traits, whereas there have been few studies on goat milk in this regard. The objective of this study was to characterize the major sources of variation in the absorbance of the infrared spectrum in caprine milk samples. A total of 657 goats belonging to 6 breeds and reared on 20 farms under traditional and modern dairy systems were milk-sampled once. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were taken (2 replicates per sample, 1314 spectra), and each spectrum contained absorbance values at 1060 different wavenumbers (5000 to 930 × cm-1), which were treated as a response variable and analyzed one at a time (i.e., 1060 runs). A mixed model, including the random effects of sample/goat, breed, flock, parity, stage of lactation, and the residual, was used. The pattern and variability of the FTIR spectrum of caprine milk was similar to those of bovine milk. The major sources of variation in the entire spectrum were as follows: sample/goat (33% of the total variance); flock (21%); breed (15%); lactation stage (11%); parity (9%); and the residual unexplained variation (10%). The entire spectrum was segmented into five relatively homogeneous regions. Two of them exhibited very large variations, especially the residual variation. These regions are known to be affected by the absorbance of water, although they also exhibited wide variations in the other sources of variation. The average repeatability of these two regions were 45% and 75%, whereas for the other three regions it was about 99%. The FTIR spectrum of caprine milk could probably be used to predict several traits and to authenticate the origin of goat milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolò Amalfitano
- Department of Agronomy, Food and Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food and Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food and Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao X, Song Y, Zhang Y, Cai G, Xue G, Liu Y, Chen K, Zhang F, Wang K, Zhang M, Gao Y, Sun D, Wang X, Li J. Predictions of Milk Fatty Acid Contents by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy in Chinese Holstein Cows. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020666. [PMID: 36677723 PMCID: PMC9864415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement of milk fatty acid content traits in dairy cattle is of great significance. However, chromatography-based methods to measure milk fatty acid content have several disadvantages. Thus, quick and accurate predictions of various milk fatty acid contents based on the mid-infrared spectrum (MIRS) from dairy herd improvement (DHI) data are essential and meaningful to expand the amount of phenotypic data available. In this study, 24 kinds of milk fatty acid concentrations were measured from the milk samples of 336 Holstein cows in Shandong Province, China, using the gas chromatography (GC) technique, which simultaneously produced MIRS values for the prediction of fatty acids. After quantification by the GC technique, milk fatty acid contents expressed as g/100 g of milk (milk-basis) and g/100 g of fat (fat-basis) were processed by five spectral pre-processing algorithms: first-order derivative (DER1), second-order derivative (DER2), multiple scattering correction (MSC), standard normal transform (SNV), and Savitzky-Golsy convolution smoothing (SG), and four regression models: random forest regression (RFR), partial least square regression (PLSR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LassoR), and ridge regression (RidgeR). Two ranges of wavebands (4000~400 cm-1 and 3017~2823 cm-1/1805~1734 cm-1) were also used in the above analysis. The prediction accuracy was evaluated using a 10-fold cross validation procedure, with the ratio of the training set and the test set as 3:1, where the determination coefficient (R2) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) were used for evaluations. The results showed that 17 out of 31 milk fatty acids were accurately predicted using MIRS, with RPD values higher than 2 and R2 values higher than 0.75. In addition, 16 out of 31 fatty acids were accurately predicted by RFR, indicating that the ensemble learning model potentially resulted in a higher prediction accuracy. Meanwhile, DER1, DER2 and SG pre-processing algorithms led to high prediction accuracy for most fatty acids. In summary, these results imply that the application of MIRS to predict the fatty acid contents of milk is feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxin Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuetong Song
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Yuanpei Zhang
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gaozhan Cai
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guanghui Xue
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Yundong Gao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianbin Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A large database linking the rumen bacterial composition and milk traits in Lacaune sheep. Sci Data 2023; 10:17. [PMID: 36611050 PMCID: PMC9825406 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants are able to produce food for human consumption from plants, thanks to rumen bacteria. Bacteria are able to transform feed to microbial proteins and to biohydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids, contributing directly to fine milk composition. The database consists of daily records of milk yield, somatic cell score and 17 milk components such as fatty acids and proteins from 795 Lacaune dairy ewes. Ruminal samples were extracted from ewes using a gastric tube and sequenced to determine the bacterial composition by metabarcoding 16S rRNA gene on a next-generation sequencing platform. From bioinformatics analysis, 9,536,442 sequences were retained and re-grouped into 2,059 affiliated OTUs, represented by 751 to 168,617 sequences. Overall, 2,059 OTUs from 795 samples were attributed to 11 phyla. The most representative phyla were Bacteroidota (50.6%) and Firmicutes (43.6%), and the most abundant families were Prevotellaceae (37.9%), Lachnospiraceae (18.1%), Ruminococcaceae (8.97%). Both shared datasets will be useful for researchers to study the link between rumen bacteria and milk traits and to propose solutions to improve animal production and health.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zniber M, Vahdatiyekta P, Huynh TP. Analysis of urine using electronic tongue towards non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114810. [PMID: 36272349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electronic tongues (e-tongues) have been broadly employed in monitoring the quality of food, beverage, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products, and in diagnosis of diseases, as the e-tongues can discriminate samples of high complexity, reduce interference of the matrix, offer rapid response. Compared to other analytical approaches using expensive and complex instrumentation as well as required sample preparation, the e-tongue is non-destructive, miniaturizable and on-site method with little or no preparation of samples. Even though e-tongues are successfully commercialized, their application in cancer diagnosis from urine samples is underestimated. In this review, we would like to highlight the various analytical techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods (potentiometry and voltammetry) used as e-tongues for urine analysis towards non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Besides, different machine learning approaches, for instance, supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms are introduced to analyze extracted chemical data. Finally, capabilities of e-tongues in distinguishing between patients diagnosed with cancer and healthy controls are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zniber
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Parastoo Vahdatiyekta
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Tan-Phat Huynh
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Akhgar CK, Ramos-Garcia V, Nürnberger V, Moreno-Giménez A, Kuligowski J, Rosenberg E, Schwaighofer A, Lendl B. Solvent-Free Lipid Separation and Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy for Fast and Green Fatty Acid Profiling of Human Milk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233906. [PMID: 36496714 PMCID: PMC9741076 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the first mid-infrared (IR)-based method capable of simultaneously predicting concentrations of individual fatty acids (FAs) and relevant sum parameters in human milk (HM). Representative fat fractions of 50 HM samples were obtained by rapid, two-step centrifugation and subsequently measured with attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy. Partial least squares models were compiled for the acquired IR spectra with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reference data. External validation showed good results particularly for the most important FA sum parameters and the following individual FAs: C12:0 (R2P = 0.96), C16:0 (R2P = 0.88), C18:1cis (R2P = 0.92), and C18:2cis (R2P = 0.92). Based on the obtained results, the effect of different clinical parameters on the HM FA profile was investigated, indicating a change of certain sum parameters over the course of lactation. Finally, assessment of the method's greenness revealed clear superiority compared to GC-MS methods. The reported method thus represents a high-throughput, green alternative to resource-intensive established techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Karim Akhgar
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Ramos-Garcia
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Nürnberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Competence Center CHASE GmbH, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Alba Moreno-Giménez
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-58801-15140
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martinez Boggio G, Meynadier A, Buitenhuis AJ, Marie-Etancelin C. Host genetic control on rumen microbiota and its impact on dairy traits in sheep. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:77. [PMID: 36434501 PMCID: PMC9694848 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk yield and fine composition in sheep depend on the volatile and long-chain fatty acids, microbial proteins, vitamins produced through feedstuff digestion by the rumen microbiota. In cattle, the host genome has been shown to have a low to moderate genetic control on rumen microbiota abundance but a high control on dairy traits with heritabilities higher than 0.30. There is little information on the genetic correlations and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that simultaneously affect rumen microbiota abundance and dairy traits in ruminants, especially in sheep. Thus, our aim was to quantify the effect of the host genetics on rumen bacterial abundance and the genetic correlations between rumen bacterial abundance and several dairy traits, and to identify QTL that are associated with both rumen bacterial abundance and milk traits. RESULTS Our results in Lacaune sheep show that the heritability of rumen bacterial abundance ranges from 0 to 0.29 and that the heritability of 306 operational taxonomic units (OTU) is significantly different from 0. Of these 306 OTU, 96 that belong mainly to the Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae bacterial families show strong genetic correlations with milk fatty acids and proteins (absolute values ranging from 0.33 to 0.99). Genome-wide association studies revealed a QTL for alpha-lactalbumin concentration in milk on Ovis aries chromosome (OAR) 11, and six QTL for rumen bacterial abundances i.e., for two OTU belonging to the genera Prevotella (OAR3 and 5), Rikeneleaceae_RC9_gut_group (OAR5), Ruminococcus (OAR5), an unknown genus of order Clostridia UCG-014 (OAR10), and CAG-352 (OAR11). None of these detected regions are simultaneously associated with rumen bacterial abundance and dairy traits, but the bacterial families Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and F082 show colocalized signals on OAR3, 5, 15 and 26. CONCLUSIONS In Lacaune dairy sheep, rumen microbiota abundance is partially controlled by the host genetics and is poorly genetically linked with milk protein and fatty acid compositions, and three main bacterial families, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and F082, show specific associations with OAR3, 5, 15 and 26.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Martinez Boggio
- grid.508721.9GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Annabelle Meynadier
- grid.508721.9GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Albert Johannes Buitenhuis
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Foulum, Denmark
| | - Christel Marie-Etancelin
- grid.508721.9GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahmed F, Tamma M, Pathigadapa U, Reddanna P, Yenuganti VR. Drug Loading and Functional Efficacy of Cow, Buffalo, and Goat Milk-Derived Exosomes: A Comparative Study. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:763-774. [PMID: 35195427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quite recently, milk exosomes have been recognized as efficient drug delivery systems owing to their biocompatibility and easy availability for scale-up technologies. However, there are no reports of comparative studies with regards to drug delivery by milk exosomes derived from different species. In this study, we isolated and characterized milk exosomes of cow, buffalo, and goat by various techniques and tried to understand their drug loading capacity and functional efficiency in HepG2, HCT116, and A549 cells by using doxorubicin. Doxorubicin was loaded to milk exosomes by three methods, that is, incubation, saponin treatment, and sonication. The isolated exosomes were found to be spherical with a size of <200 nm and displayed specific markers, namely, CD81, HSP70, HSC70, and miRNAs. Drug loading studies revealed that goat milk exosomes had the highest loading capacity across all three methods. Doxorubicin-encapsulated goat milk exosomes resulted in the inhibition of cell viability, with low IC50 values in HepG2, HCT-116, and A549 cells. Doxorubicin-encapsulated goat exosomes displayed better IC50 values than cow and buffalo milk-derived counterparts. In line with this, the ability of doxorubicin-encapsulated goat milk exosomes to induce apoptosis in HepG2 and HCT-116 cells was higher than that of cow and buffalo milk exosomes and free doxorubicin. Furthermore, unbound goat milk exosomes significantly reduced cell viability as compared to cow and buffalo milk exosomes. The transepithelial transport assay shows that doxorubicin-loaded milk exosomes transport doxorubicin efficiently as compared to free doxorubicin in vitro. Doxorubicin released from milk exosomes shows a biphasic release pattern, burst release followed by sustained release. These observations are important in light of the emerging importance of milk-derived exosomes as drug carriers to treat cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ahmed
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Mounipriya Tamma
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Umamaheswari Pathigadapa
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Vengala Rao Yenuganti
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Commercial milk discrimination by fat content and animal origin using optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
18
|
Schwarz D, Rosenberg Bak M, Waaben Hansen P. Development of global fatty acid models and possible applications. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schwarz
- FOSS Analytical A/S Nils Foss Alle 1 Hilleroed 3400Denmark
| | | | - Per Waaben Hansen
- FOSS Analytical A/S Nils Foss Alle 1 Hilleroed 3400Denmark
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Science Copenhagen University Rolighedsvej 26 Frederiksberg 1958 Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martinez Boggio G, Meynadier A, Daunis-i-Estadella P, Marie-Etancelin C. Compositional analysis of ruminal bacteria from ewes selected for somatic cell score and milk persistency. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254874. [PMID: 34310617 PMCID: PMC8312953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants are dependent on their rumen microbiota to obtain energy from plants. The composition of the microbiome was well-known to be associated with health status, and production traits, but published results are difficult to reproduce due to large sources of variation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations of ruminal microbiota and its association with genetic lines selected by somatic cell score (SCS) or milk persistency (PERS), as well as milk production, somatic cell score, fat and protein contents, and fatty acids and proteins of milk, using the principles of compositional data. A large sample of 700 Lacaune dairy ewes from INRAE La Fage feeding the same diet and belonging to two divergent genetic lines selected for SCS or PERS was used. The ruminal bacterial metagenome was sequenced using the 16S rRNA gene, resulting in 2,059 operational taxonomic units affiliated with 112 genera. The abundance data were centred log-transformed after the replacement of zeros with the geometric Bayesian method. Discriminant analysis of the SCS showed differences between SCS+ and SCS- ewes, while for PERS no difference was obtained. Milk traits as fat content, protein content, saturated fatty acids and caseins of milk were negatively associated with Prevotella (R = [-0.08;-0.16]), Suttonella (R = [-0.09;-0.16]) and Ruminococcus (R = [-0.08;-0.16]), and positively associated with Lachnospiraceae (R = [0.09;0.16]) and Christensenellaceae (R = [0.09;0.16]). Our findings provide an understanding of the application of compositional data to microbiome analysis, and the potential association of Prevotella, Suttonella, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae with milk production traits such as milk fatty acids and proteins in dairy sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Annabelle Meynadier
- GenPhySE, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pepus Daunis-i-Estadella
- Department of Computer Science, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Du C, Nan L, Li C, Sabek A, Wang H, Luo X, Su J, Hua G, Ma Y, Zhang S. Influence of Estrus on the Milk Characteristics and Mid-Infrared Spectra of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051200. [PMID: 33921998 PMCID: PMC8143516 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some studies have confirmed the variation in milk profiles when dairy cows show estrus. However, only a few milk components, such as fat, protein, and lactose, have been investigated so far, and thus any changes in the many other parts of milk’s composition due to estrus are unknown. Milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectra consist of wavenumbers, which provide insight into the chemical composition of milk. The MIR spectrum reflects the global composition of milk, but this information is currently underused. In this study, we considered MIR wavenumbers as traits, and directly studied the spectral information as a way to study the estrus of dairy cows linked to milk composition. This research provides a deeper understanding of the milk MIR spectrum and may lead to new approaches for estrus detection in dairy cows from routine milk analysis, thereby guiding an opportune insemination time. Abstract Milk produced by dairy cows is a complex combination of many components. However, at present, changes in only a few milk components (e.g., fat, protein, and lactose) during the estrus cycle in dairy cows have been documented. Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a worldwide method routinely used for milk analysis, as MIR spectra reflect the global composition of milk. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in milk MIR spectra and milk production traits (fat, protein, lactose, urea, total solids (TS), and solid not fat (SnF)) due to estrus. Cows that were successfully inseminated, leading to conception, were included. Cows confirmed to be pregnant were considered to be in estrus at the day of insemination (day 0). A general linear mixed model, which included the random effect of cows, the fixed classification effects of parity number, days in relation to estrus, as well as the interaction between parity number and days in relation to estrus, was applied to investigate the changes in milk production traits and 1060 milk infrared wavenumbers, ranging from 925 to 5011 cm−1, of 371 records from 162 Holstein cows on the days before (day −3, day −2, and day −1) and on the day of estrus (day 0). The days in relation to estrus had a significant effect on fat, protein, urea, TS, and SnF, whose contents increased from day −3 to day 0. Lactose did not seem to be significantly influenced by the occurrence of estrus. The days in relation to estrus had significant effects on the majority of the wavenumbers. Besides, we found that some of the wavenumbers in the water absorption regions were significantly changed on the days before and on the day of estrus. This suggests that these wavenumbers may contain useful information. In conclusion, the changes in the milk composition due to estrus can be observed through the analysis of the milk MIR spectrum. Further analyses are warranted to more deeply explore the potential use of milk MIR spectra in the detection of estrus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.D.); (L.N.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Liangkang Nan
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.D.); (L.N.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Chunfang Li
- Hebei Livestock Breeding Station, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; (C.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ahmed Sabek
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.D.); (L.N.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (G.H.)
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Haitong Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.D.); (L.N.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Xuelu Luo
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.D.); (L.N.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Jundong Su
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.D.); (L.N.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Guohua Hua
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.D.); (L.N.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Yabing Ma
- Hebei Livestock Breeding Station, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; (C.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.D.); (L.N.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Frizzarin M, Gormley IC, Berry DP, Murphy TB, Casa A, Lynch A, McParland S. Predicting cow milk quality traits from routinely available milk spectra using statistical machine learning methods. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7438-7447. [PMID: 33865578 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous statistical machine learning methods suitable for application to highly correlated features, as those that exist for spectral data, could potentially improve prediction performance over the commonly used partial least squares approach. Milk samples from 622 individual cows with known detailed protein composition and technological trait data accompanied by mid-infrared spectra were available to assess the predictive ability of different regression and classification algorithms. The regression-based approaches were partial least squares regression (PLSR), ridge regression (RR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), elastic net, principal component regression, projection pursuit regression, spike and slab regression, random forests, boosting decision trees, neural networks (NN), and a post-hoc approach of model averaging (MA). Several classification methods (i.e., partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), random forests, boosting decision trees, and support vector machines (SVM)) were also used after stratifying the traits of interest into categories. In the regression analyses, MA was the best prediction method for 6 of the 14 traits investigated [curd firmness at 60 min, αS1-casein (CN), αS2-CN, κ-CN, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin B], whereas NN and RR were the best algorithms for 3 traits each (rennet coagulation time, curd-firming time, and heat stability, and curd firmness at 30 min, β-CN, and β-lactoglobulin A, respectively), PLSR was best for pH, and LASSO was best for CN micelle size. When traits were divided into 2 classes, SVM had the greatest accuracy for the majority of the traits investigated. Although the well-established PLSR-based method performed competitively, the application of statistical machine learning methods for regression analyses reduced the root mean square error compared with PLSR from between 0.18% (κ-CN) to 3.67% (heat stability). The use of modern statistical machine learning methods for trait prediction from mid-infrared spectroscopy may improve the prediction accuracy for some traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Frizzarin
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 P302 Ireland
| | - I C Gormley
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D P Berry
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 P302 Ireland
| | - T B Murphy
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A Casa
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A Lynch
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S McParland
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 P302 Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bresolin T, Dórea JRR. Infrared Spectrometry as a High-Throughput Phenotyping Technology to Predict Complex Traits in Livestock Systems. Front Genet 2020; 11:923. [PMID: 32973876 PMCID: PMC7468402 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput phenotyping technologies are growing in importance in livestock systems due to their ability to generate real-time, non-invasive, and accurate animal-level information. Collecting such individual-level information can generate novel traits and potentially improve animal selection and management decisions in livestock operations. One of the most relevant tools used in the dairy and beef industry to predict complex traits is infrared spectrometry, which is based on the analysis of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. The infrared electromagnetic radiation spans an enormous range of wavelengths and frequencies known as the electromagnetic spectrum. The spectrum is divided into different regions, with near- and mid-infrared regions being the main spectral regions used in livestock applications. The advantage of using infrared spectrometry includes speed, non-destructive measurement, and great potential for on-line analysis. This paper aims to review the use of mid- and near-infrared spectrometry techniques as tools to predict complex dairy and beef phenotypes, such as milk composition, feed efficiency, methane emission, fertility, energy balance, health status, and meat quality traits. Although several research studies have used these technologies to predict a wide range of phenotypes, most of them are based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) and did not considered other machine learning (ML) techniques to improve prediction quality. Therefore, we will discuss the role of analytical methods employed on spectral data to improve the predictive ability for complex traits in livestock operations. Furthermore, we will discuss different approaches to reduce data dimensionality and the impact of validation strategies on predictive quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bresolin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - João R R Dórea
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zongo K, Krishnamoorthy S, Moses JA, Yazici F, Çon AH, Anandharamakrishnan C. Total conjugated linoleic acid content of ruminant milk: The world status insights. Food Chem 2020; 334:127555. [PMID: 32711268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of ruminant milk reported in published research papers (n = 65) from January 1995 to March 2020 around the world were analyzed to estimate the overall mean CLA value. The CLA content of ruminant milk samples was grouped according to geographical regions (Europe, South America, North America, Oceania, Asia, and Africa). The total CLA content of milk samples from cows, sheep, goats, yaks, and llama retrieved from the collected data ranged between 0.06 and 2.96% of total fatty acids. There is a wide variation of pooled estimated mean content of CLA in milk among the study regions and were highest in Oceania with 1.33% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16 - 1.49%) of total fatty acids. Though several factors have been reported to influence the CLA content of milk, the effect of the "geographical origin" was only considered in the present manuscript as one of the main factors in this respect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koka Zongo
- Food Engineering Department, Graduate School of Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Srinivasan Krishnamoorthy
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), MoFPI, Govt. of India, Thanjavur, India
| | - Jeyan A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), MoFPI, Govt. of India, Thanjavur, India
| | - Fehmi Yazici
- Food Engineering Department, Graduate School of Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hilmi Çon
- Food Engineering Department, Graduate School of Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), MoFPI, Govt. of India, Thanjavur, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Comparison of Fatty Acid Proportions Determined by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography in Bulk and Individual Milk Samples. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061095. [PMID: 32630413 PMCID: PMC7341201 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Information about fatty acid proportions in milk fat is important for many purposes, such as animal breeding, animal health control, as well as human nutrition. The routine methods for determining fatty acid proportions (e.g., mid-infrared spectroscopy) are rapid and relatively cheap, but there is a need to compare them with the reference analytical method (gas chromatography) to ensure their validity and suitability for various milk samples. The aim of this study is to compare the proportions of single fatty acids and their sums determined by utilizing both of these analytical methods and the resulting correlation coefficients. Our results show that the mid-infrared spectroscopy method is more appropriate (both for bulk and individual milk samples) for fatty acids present in high proportions of the total fat and for the sum of fatty acids (such as saturated and unsaturated) than for fatty acids with low proportions. Abstract Rapid analytical methods can contribute to the expansion of milk fatty acid determination for various important practical purposes. The reliability of data resulting from these routine methods plays a crucial role. Bulk and individual milk samples (60 and 345, respectively) were obtained from Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein dairy cows in the Czech Republic. The correlation between milk fatty acid (FA) proportions determined by the routine method (infrared spectroscopy in the mid-region in connection with Fourier transformation; FT-MIR) and the reference method (gas chromatography; GC) was evaluated. To validate the calibration of the FT-MIR method, a linear regression model was used. For bulk milk samples, the correlation coefficients between these methods were higher for the saturated (SFAs) and unsaturated FAs (UFAs) (r = 0.7169 and 0.9232; p < 0.001) than for the trans isomers of UFAs (TFAs) and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) (r = 0.5706 and 0.6278; p < 0.001). Similar results were found for individual milk samples: r = 0.8592 and 0.8666 (p < 0.001) for SFAs and UFAs, 0.1690 (p < 0.01) for TFAs, and 0.3314 (p < 0.001) for PUFAs. The correlation coefficients for TFAs and PUFAs were statistically significant but too low for practical analytical application. The results indicate that the FT-MIR method can be used for routine determination mainly for SFAs and UFAs.
Collapse
|
25
|
El Jabri M, Trossat P, Wolf V, Beuvier E, Rolet-Répécaud O, Gavoye S, Gaüzère Y, Belysheva O, Gaudillière N, Notz E, Grosperrin P, Laithier C, Delacroix-Buchet A. Mid-infrared spectrometry prediction of the cheese-making properties of raw Montbéliarde milks from herds and cheese dairy vats used for the production of Protected Designation of Origin and Protected Geographical Indication cheeses in Franche-Comté. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5992-6002. [PMID: 32331888 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Franche-Comté is the primary producing region of Protected Designation of Origin cheeses in France. Normally, mid-infrared (MIR) prediction models for cheese-making property (CMP) traits are developed using individual bovine milks. However, considering the requests of all actors in the dairy sector, the present study aimed to assess the feasibility of MIR spectroscopy to develop CMP equations of Montbéliarde herd and dairy vat milks. For this purpose, 22 CMP traits were analyzed on samples collected in 2016 (half in February-March and half in May-June) from 100 commercial herds and 70 dairy vats (55 cheese dairies) located in Franche-Comté. These characteristics included 11 rennet coagulation traits and 8 lactic acidification traits measured in either soft cheese or pressed cooked cheese conditions and 3 laboratory curd yields. Models of MIR prediction for each of the 22 CMP traits were built using partial least squares regression with external validation by dividing the data set into calibration (70%) and validation (30%) sets. We confirmed that the variability of milk traits depends largely on the production scale and is higher for individual milk than for herd milk and even higher for vat milk. The best prediction models were obtained in herd milk samples for curd yields expressed in dry matter or fresh, with a coefficient of determination (R2) in external validation of 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. As with individual milk, these traits are closely related to the gross composition of the milk and therefore easier to predict by MIR spectroscopy. However, these curd yield traits were poorly predicted (R2 = 0.58) in vat milk samples due to their lower variability. In herd milk samples, prediction models of other CMP traits were poorly accurate except for the ratio of the time to obtain a standard firmness to the rennet coagulation time in soft cheese or pressed cooked cheese conditions, which showed R2 > 0.66 in external validation. Such trait is important in qualifying the behavior of milk during cheese production. Prediction models of other CMP traits for either herd or vat milk samples had poor accuracy, and further work is needed to improve their performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M El Jabri
- Institut de l'Elevage, F-75012 Paris, France
| | | | - V Wolf
- Conseil Elevage 25-90, F-25640 Roulans, France
| | - E Beuvier
- INRAE, URTAL, F-39800, Poligny, France
| | | | - S Gavoye
- ACTALIA, F-39800 Poligny, France
| | - Y Gaüzère
- Ecole Nationale d'Industrie Laitière et des Biotechnologies, F-39800 Poligny, France
| | - O Belysheva
- Ecole Nationale d'Industrie Laitière et des Biotechnologies, F-39800 Poligny, France
| | | | - E Notz
- Centre Technique des Fromages Comtois, F-39800, Poligny, France
| | | | - C Laithier
- Institut de l'Elevage, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - A Delacroix-Buchet
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu Z, Guo W. Recent developments on rapid detection of main constituents in milk: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:312-324. [PMID: 32106694 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1731417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a good source of quality fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Determining milk constituents is very important in dairy production and is usually conducted by means of physical or chemical processes in laboratories. These methods are time-consuming and cannot satisfy the need in practice. Developing simple, quick, cost-effective, reliable, and sensitive methods on the detection of main constituents in milk is useful for dairy farmers, manufacturers and consumers. In last decades, many rapid detection techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, dielectric properties, and sensors, have emerged and shown great potential in the detection of main constituents in liquid milk. In this review, the rapid detection techniques applied to determine the main constituents in milk have been reviewed. Meanwhile, the potential advantages and limitations of these techniques and recommendations for future research have also been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhuo Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenchuan Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Q, Bovenhuis H. Combined use of milk infrared spectra and genotypes can improve prediction of milk fat composition. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:2514-2522. [PMID: 31882213 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that milk infrared (IR) spectroscopy can be used to predict detailed milk fat composition. In addition, polymorphisms with substantial effects on milk fat composition have been identified. In this study, we investigated the combined use of milk IR spectroscopy and genotypes of dairy cows on the accuracy of predicting milk fat composition. Milk fat composition data based on gas chromatography and milk IR spectra were available for 1,456 Dutch Holstein Friesian cows. In addition, genotypes for the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) A293V polymorphisms and a SNP located in an intron of the fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene were available. Adding SCD1 genotypes to the milk IR spectra resulted in a considerable improvement of the prediction accuracy for the unsaturated fatty acids C10:1, C12:1, C14:1 cis-9, and C16:1 cis-9 and their corresponding unsaturation indices. Adding DGAT1 genotypes to the milk IR spectra resulted in an improvement of the prediction accuracy for C16:1 cis-9 and C16 index. Adding genotypes of the FASN SNP to the IR spectra did not improve prediction of milk fat composition. This study demonstrated the potential of combining milk IR spectra with genotypic information from 3 polymorphisms to predict milk fat composition. We hypothesize that prediction accuracy of milk fat composition can be further improved by combining milk IR spectra with genomic breeding values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Wang
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Bovenhuis
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Samková E, Hanuš O, Špička J, Pecová L, Bedrníček J, Kopunecz P, Klímová Z, Kopecký J. Routine Determination of Milk Fat Composition for Nutritional and Technological Purposes. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967061485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
29
|
Effects on milk quantity and composition associated with extruded linseed supplementation to dairy cow diets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17563. [PMID: 31772314 PMCID: PMC6879583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced milk composition can improve human health. The composition of milk determines its nutritional and market value. Therefore, in almost all pricing schemes the economic benefits obtained from raw milk sales are influenced by the milk yield and composition. The objective of this retrospective study was to quantify the average effects of supplementing extruded linseed, rich in α-linolenic acid, to dairy cows on milk yield and milk fat and protein content under field conditions. The study included test day records performed on cows from 1294 dairy herds during the period from 2008 to 2015 that were supplied at least 4 times with extruded linseed deliveries. Exposure statuses were defined according to the time sequence and the amount of extruded linseed distributed in the herd. The unexposed population was composed of cows being in a herd period when extruded linseed was not offered. In a linear dose-response relationship, every 100 g increase in exposure to EL was associated with an increased milk yield from 0.11 to 0.14 kg/day, decreased milk fat from 0.06 to 0.13 g/kg and decreased milk protein from 0 to 0.02 g/kg, according to the cow parity. This study provides information on the associations between estimated intakes of EL and milk production and composition using a large database obtained from commercial dairy herds.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bougouin A, Appuhamy JADRN, Ferlay A, Kebreab E, Martin C, Moate P, Benchaar C, Lund P, Eugène M. Individual milk fatty acids are potential predictors of enteric methane emissions from dairy cows fed a wide range of diets: Approach by meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10616-10631. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
31
|
Salleh NA, Selamat J, Meng GY, Abas F, Jambari NN, Khatib A. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis of milk from different goat breeds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1668803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Aidawati Salleh
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tekin A, Güler Z. Glycolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis in raw sheep milk Tulum cheese during production and ripening: Effect of ripening materials. Food Chem 2019; 286:160-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
33
|
Sequence-based GWAS, network and pathway analyses reveal genes co-associated with milk cheese-making properties and milk composition in Montbéliarde cows. Genet Sel Evol 2019; 51:34. [PMID: 31262251 PMCID: PMC6604208 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-019-0473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk quality in dairy cattle is routinely assessed via analysis of mid-infrared (MIR) spectra; this approach can also be used to predict the milk's cheese-making properties (CMP) and composition. When this method of high-throughput phenotyping is combined with efficient imputations of whole-genome sequence data from cows' genotyping data, it provides a unique and powerful framework with which to carry out genomic analyses. The goal of this study was to use this approach to identify genes and gene networks associated with milk CMP and composition in the Montbéliarde breed. RESULTS Milk cheese yields, coagulation traits, milk pH and contents of proteins, fatty acids, minerals, citrate, and lactose were predicted from MIR spectra. Thirty-six phenotypes from primiparous Montbéliarde cows (1,442,371 test-day records from 189,817 cows) were adjusted for non-genetic effects and averaged per cow. 50 K genotypes, which were available for a subset of 19,586 cows, were imputed at the sequence level using Run6 of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project (comprising 2333 animals). The individual effects of 8.5 million variants were evaluated in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) which led to the detection of 59 QTL regions, most of which had highly significant effects on CMP and milk composition. The results of the GWAS were further subjected to an association weight matrix and the partial correlation and information theory approach and we identified a set of 736 co-associated genes. Among these, the well-known caseins, PAEP and DGAT1, together with dozens of other genes such as SLC37A1, ALPL, MGST1, SEL1L3, GPT, BRI3BP, SCD, GPAT4, FASN, and ANKH, explained from 12 to 30% of the phenotypic variance of CMP traits. We were further able to identify metabolic pathways (e.g., phosphate and phospholipid metabolism and inorganic anion transport) and key regulator genes, such as PPARA, ASXL3, and bta-mir-200c that are functionally linked to milk composition. CONCLUSIONS By using an approach that integrated GWAS with network and pathway analyses at the whole-genome sequence level, we propose candidate variants that explain a substantial proportion of the phenotypic variance of CMP traits and could thus be included in genomic evaluation models to improve milk CMP in Montbéliarde cows.
Collapse
|
34
|
El Jabri M, Sanchez MP, Trossat P, Laithier C, Wolf V, Grosperrin P, Beuvier E, Rolet-Répécaud O, Gavoye S, Gaüzère Y, Belysheva O, Notz E, Boichard D, Delacroix-Buchet A. Comparison of Bayesian and partial least squares regression methods for mid-infrared prediction of cheese-making properties in Montbéliarde cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6943-6958. [PMID: 31178172 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the cheese-making properties (CMP) of milks with a rapid and cost-effective method is of particular interest for the Protected Designation of Origin cheese sector. The aims of this study were to evaluate the potential of mid-infrared (MIR) spectra to estimate coagulation and acidification properties, as well as curd yield (CY) traits of Montbéliarde cow milk. Samples from 250 cows were collected in 216 commercial herds in Franche-Comté with the objectives to maximize the genetic diversity as well as the variation in milk composition. All coagulation and CY traits showed high variability (10 to 43%). Reference analyses performed for soft (SC) and pressed cooked (PCC) cheese technology were matched with MIR spectra. Prediction models were built on 446 informative wavelengths not tainted by the water absorbance, using different approaches such as partial least squares (PLS), uninformative variable elimination PLS, random forest PLS, Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes C, and Bayes RR. We assessed equation performances for a set of 20 CMP traits (coagulation: 5 for SC and 4 for PCC; acidification: 5 for SC and 3 for PCC; laboratory CY: 3) by comparing prediction accuracies based on cross-validation. Overall, variable selection before PLS did not significantly improve the performances of the PLS regression, the prediction differences between Bayesian methods were negligible, and PLS models always outperformed Bayesian models. This was likely a result of the prior use of informative wavelengths of the MIR spectra. The best accuracies were obtained for curd yields expressed in dry matter (CYDM) or fresh (CYFRESH) and for coagulation traits (curd firmness for PCC and SC) using the PLS regression. Prediction models of other CMP traits were moderately to poorly accurate. Whatever the prediction methodology, the best results were always obtained for CY traits, probably because these traits are closely related to milk composition. The CYDM predictions showed coefficient of determination (R2) values up to 0.92 and 0.87, and RSy,x values of 3 and 4% for PLS and Bayes regressions, respectively. Finally, we divided the data set into calibration (2/3) and validation (1/3) sets and developed prediction models in external validation using PLS regression only. In conclusion, we confirmed, in the validation set, an excellent prediction for CYDM [R2 = 0.91, ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) = 3.39] and a very good prediction for CYFRESH (R2 = 0.84, RPD = 2.49), adequate for analytical purposes. We also obtained good results for both PCC and SC curd firmness traits (R2 ≥ 0.70, RPD ≥1.8), which enable quantitative prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M El Jabri
- Institut de l'Elevage, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - M-P Sanchez
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - C Laithier
- Institut de l'Elevage, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - V Wolf
- Conseil Elevage 25-90, F-25640 Roulans, France
| | | | - E Beuvier
- URTAL, INRA, F-39800 Poligny, France
| | | | - S Gavoye
- ACTALIA, F-39800 Poligny, France
| | - Y Gaüzère
- Ecole Nationale d'Industrie Laitière et des Biotechnologies, F-39800 Poligny, France
| | - O Belysheva
- Ecole Nationale d'Industrie Laitière et des Biotechnologies, F-39800 Poligny, France
| | - E Notz
- Centre Technique des Fromages Comtois, F-39800 Poligny, France
| | - D Boichard
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - A Delacroix-Buchet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Su WH, Sun DW. Mid-infrared (MIR) Spectroscopy for Quality Analysis of Liquid Foods. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-019-09191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
36
|
Cesarani A, Gaspa G, Correddu F, Cellesi M, Dimauro C, Macciotta N. Genomic selection of milk fatty acid composition in Sarda dairy sheep: Effect of different phenotypes and relationship matrices on heritability and breeding value accuracy. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3189-3203. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
37
|
Elhadi A, Salama A, Such X, Albanell E, Toral P, Hervás G, Frutos P, Caja G. Effects of shearing 2 breeds of dairy ewes during lactation under mild winter conditions. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:1712-1724. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
38
|
Genetic parameters of milk fatty acid profile in sheep: comparison between gas chromatographic measurements and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy predictions. Animal 2019; 13:469-476. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
39
|
Meignan T, Madouasse A, Beaudeau F, Ariza JM, Lechartier C, Bareille N. Does feeding extruded linseed to dairy cows improve reproductive performance in dairy herds? An observational study. Theriogenology 2018; 125:293-301. [PMID: 30502622 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Feeding n-3 fatty acids (FA) is often cited as a promising strategy to tackle impaired reproduction in dairy cows. However, the scientific literature shows conflicting results that may be explained by the nature of n-3 FA used, the amount supplemented and the timing of supplementation. In addition, designing a proper experimental design to study n-3 FA and reproduction is subjected to other difficulties such as the choice of the control diet or gaining enough statistical power. The objective of this retrospective observational study was to quantify the average effects of supplementing extruded linseed (EL), a feed rich in α-linolenic acid, to dairy cows on reproductive performances under field conditions in French commercial farms. Exposure measurement to EL feeding was particularly challenging as exact cow diets are not traced in farms. Therefore, to investigate the potential dose-effect relationship, we defined a proxy of EL intake per day by using deliveries of EL based feeds from 22 companies in the study period 2008-2015 in France. An artificial insemination (AI) was considered exposed only if the cow was supplemented with EL from the calving until 17 days after AI. Based on recommendations for EL use on the field, 4 exposures classes were created: [1-50] (n = 14,126 AIs), [50-300] (n = 88,261 AIs), [300-600] (n = 66,136 AIs), and [600-1500] (n = 28,287 AIs) g/cow/d. The reference population was composed of cows that did not receive any EL between calving until 17 days after AI within herds that were supplied, but not continuously during the study period (n = 226,795 AIs). Mean daily EL intake in exposed population was 337 g/cow/d (±239.4). Reproductive performance was studied on 423,605 AIs from 1096 herds and 158,125 cows using Cox models for days to first AI and days to conception, and logistic regression models for risk of return-to-service, adjusted for factors likely to influence the reproductive performance and for a herd random effect. Risk of return-to-service between 18 and 78 days after first and second AI did not differ between exposed and reference populations, Nevertheless, the effect on the days to first AI was higher with the lowest EL intake (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.17) than with higher EL intake levels (HR ranging from 1.06 to 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.09). Similarly, for the effect on the time from calving to conception from the lowest EL intake (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.23) compared to the higher EL intake levels (HR ranging from 1.08 to 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.14). This original large-scale epidemiological study provides new insights into the effects of feeding EL at a commercially sustainable level to dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Meignan
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, F-44307, Nantes, France; VALOREX, La Messayais, F-35210, Combourtillé, France
| | - A Madouasse
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - F Beaudeau
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - J M Ariza
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - C Lechartier
- Unité de Recherche sur les Systèmes d'Elevage, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures, 55 rue Rabelais, F-49007, Angers, France
| | - N Bareille
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, F-44307, Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sanchez M, El Jabri M, Minéry S, Wolf V, Beuvier E, Laithier C, Delacroix-Buchet A, Brochard M, Boichard D. Genetic parameters for cheese-making properties and milk composition predicted from mid-infrared spectra in a large data set of Montbéliarde cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10048-10061. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
41
|
Sanchez M, Wolf V, El Jabri M, Beuvier E, Rolet-Répécaud O, Gaüzère Y, Minéry S, Brochard M, Michenet A, Taussat S, Barbat-Leterrier A, Delacroix-Buchet A, Laithier C, Fritz S, Boichard D. Short communication: Confirmation of candidate causative variants on milk composition and cheesemaking properties in Montbéliarde cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10076-10081. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
42
|
Bittante G, Cipolat-Gotet C. Direct and indirect predictions of enteric methane daily production, yield, and intensity per unit of milk and cheese, from fatty acids and milk Fourier-transform infrared spectra. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7219-7235. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
43
|
Hanuš O, Samková E, Křížová L, Hasoňová L, Kala R. Role of Fatty Acids in Milk Fat and the Influence of Selected Factors on Their Variability-A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E1636. [PMID: 29973572 PMCID: PMC6100482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) of milk fat are considered to be important nutritional components of the diets of a significant portion of the human population and substantially affect human health. With regard to dairy farming, the FA profile is also seen as an important factor in the technological quality of raw milk. In this sense, making targeted modifications to the FA profile has the potential to significantly contribute to the production of dairy products with higher added value. Thus, FAs also have economic importance. Current developments in analytical methods and their increasing efficiency enable the study of FA profiles not only for scientific purposes but also in terms of practical technological applications. It is important to study the sources of variability of FAs in milk, which include population genetics, type of farming, and targeted animal nutrition. It is equally important to study the health and technological impacts of FAs. This review summarizes current knowledge in the field regarding sources of FA variability, including the impact of factors such as: animal nutrition, seasonal feed changes, type of animal farming (conventional and organic), genetic parameters (influence of breed), animal individuality, lactation, and milk yield. Potential practical applications (to improve food technology and consumer health) of FA profile information are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oto Hanuš
- Dairy Research Institute Ltd., 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Samková
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products´ Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ludmila Křížová
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Hasoňová
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products´ Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Kala
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products´ Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gaignon P, Gelé M, Hurtaud C, Boudon A. Characterization of the nongenetic causes of variation in the calcium content of bovine milk on French farms. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4554-4569. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
45
|
Bernard L, Bonnet M, Delavaud C, Delosière M, Ferlay A, Fougère H, Graulet B. Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Carole Delavaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Mylène Delosière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Hélène Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Benoît Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Overton T, McArt J, Nydam D. A 100-Year Review: Metabolic health indicators and management of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:10398-10417. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
47
|
Coppa M, Revello-Chion A, Giaccone D, Tabacco E, Borreani G. Could predicting fatty acid profile by mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy be used as a method to increase the value added by milk production chains? J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8705-8721. [PMID: 28865855 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this work were (1) to develop prediction equations from mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) to establish a detailed fatty acid (FA) composition of milk; (2) to propose a milk FA index, utilizing MIRS-developed equations, in which the precision of the FA-prediction equations is taken into account to increase the value of milk; and (3) to show application examples. A total of 651 bulk cow milk samples were collected from 245 commercial farms in northwest Italy. The results of the 651 gas chromatography analyses were used to establish (421 samples) and to validate (230 samples) the outcomes of the FA composition prediction that had been obtained by MIRS. A class-based approach, in which the obtained MIRS equations were used, was proposed to define a milk classification. The method provides a numerical index [milk FA index (MFAI)] that allows a premium price to be quantified to increase the value of a favorable FA profile of milk. Ten FA were selected to calculate MFAI, according to their relevance for human health and potential cheese sensory properties, and animal welfare and environmental sustainability were also considered. These factors were selected as dimensions of MFAI. A statistical analysis and expert judgment aggregation were performed on the selected FA by weighting the FA and normalizing the dimensions to reduce redundancy. A class approach was applied, using the precision of the MIRS equations to establish the classes. The median FA concentration of the data set was set as a reference value of class 0. The width, number, and limits of classes above and below the median were calculated using the 95% confidence level of the standard error of prediction, corrected with the bias of each FA. A progressive number and a positive or negative sign were assigned to each FA class above or below the median according to their role in the above mentioned dimensions. The sum of the numbers of each class, associated with its sign for each FA, was used to generate MFAI. The MFAI was applied to dairy farms characterized by different feeding strategies, all of which deliver milk to a commercial dairy plant. The MFAI values ranged from 0.7 to 4.2, and large variations, which depended on the cows' diet and forage quality, were observed for each feeding system. The proposed method has been found to be flexible and adaptable to several contexts on both intensive and extensive dairy farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Coppa
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - A Revello-Chion
- Associazione Regionale Allevatori del Piemonte, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - D Giaccone
- Associazione Regionale Allevatori del Piemonte, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - E Tabacco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - G Borreani
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dórea J, French E, Armentano L. Use of milk fatty acids to estimate plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations as an indicator of animal energy balance. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:6164-6176. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
49
|
Sanchez M, Ferrand M, Gelé M, Pourchet D, Miranda G, Martin P, Brochard M, Boichard D. Short communication: Genetic parameters for milk protein composition predicted using mid-infrared spectroscopy in the French Montbéliarde, Normande, and Holstein dairy cattle breeds. J Dairy Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
50
|
Klaffenböck M, Steinwidder A, Fasching C, Terler G, Gruber L, Mészáros G, Sölkner J. The use of mid-infrared spectrometry to estimate the ration composition of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:5411-5421. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|