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Borş A, Borş SI, Floriștean VC. Mastitis impact on high-yielding dairy farm's reproduction and net present value. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1345782. [PMID: 38260189 PMCID: PMC10800613 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1345782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor udder health can have a negative impact on milk production and reproductive performance, which reduces the net present value (NPV) of dairy farms. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the relationship between clinical mastitis and NPV and the financial impact of impaired reproductive function. For this purpose, 473 dairy cows were included in our study, 146 cows with clinical mastitis (CM group) and 327 clinically healthy cows (CH group) from a high-yielding dairy farm in Romania, milking approximately 780 dairy cows with an average milk production of 46 kg milk/day. We found that, in contrast to CH cows, CM cows had a significantly lower conception rate at first service (58.2% vs. 41.7%, p < 0.05), third service (45.3% vs. 30.2%, p < 0.05), and total services (49.2% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.05). However, this positive effect was not observed for the average days open, which were significantly lower in CM cows than in CH cows (112 ± 4.3 days vs. 142 ± 3.1 days, p < 0.05). The fact that the non-pregnant CH cows had higher somatic cell counts (>400,000 SCC/mL) in their milk around artificial insemination (AI) and 1 month earlier than the pregnant cows (<250,000 SCC/ml) supports the idea that poor uterine health affects the reproductive activity of high-yielding cows. However, by using the UW-DairyRepro$ decision support tool, we found that despite the impairment of reproductive function in dairy cows, the largest negative impacts on NPV are still the cost of milk loss (US$14,439.4/farm/year) and treatment costs (US$4,380/farm/year). We considered the costs associated with poor reproductive function in the CM group (US$3,577/farm/year) as an additional cost of mastitis. Finally, it appears that the impact of mastitis on reproduction is associated with a lower chance of conception than it is with a daily risk of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Borş
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Silviu-Ionuț Borş
- Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Viorel-Cezar Floriștean
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, Iaşi, Romania
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Serbetci I, González-Grajales LA, Herrera C, Ibanescu I, Tekin M, Melean M, Magata F, Malama E, Bollwein H, Scarlet D. Impact of negative energy balance and postpartum diseases during the transition period on oocyte quality and embryonic development in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1328700. [PMID: 38249554 PMCID: PMC10797029 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1328700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition period is a critical time for dairy cows because a large proportion of clinical and subclinical diseases are observed in the first month after parturition. Occurrence of negative energy balance is associated with depressed immunity and these conditions can affect oocyte quality and further embryonic development. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of negative energy balance-associated disorders on in vitro embryo production (IVP) in dairy cattle. We hypothesized that subclinical metabolic and/or inflammatory disorders have a negative effect on oocyte developmental competence and morphokinetic parameters of the resulting embryos. The study was conducted on 30 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows which were assigned into four groups: healthy (HEAL, n = 6), metabolic disease (META, n = 8), inflammatory disease (INFL, n = 8), or combined metabolic and inflammatory disease (COMB, n = 8). Ovum pick-up (OPU) was performed twice weekly on all cows over a period of four weeks (n = 8 OPU sessions/cow) starting on the fifth week postpartum, and the collected oocytes were subjected to routine IVP. Donor's health status did not affect the number of oocytes/OPU or the recovery rate (p > 0.05). The number of quality 1 oocytes collected from INFL and COMB cows was lower compared to HEAL cows (p < 0.05). Also, the percentage of quality 1 embryos was reduced in META and COMB compared to HEAL cows (p < 0.05). Cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates were similar among groups (p > 0.05). Presence of disease did not affect the time required by zygotes to reach specific developmental stages, as recorded by means of time-lapse monitoring. Nevertheless, there was a higher probability of direct cleavage after IVF in oocytes of COMB cows compared to those of HEAL cows (p < 0.05). In conclusion, oocytes and embryos derived from dairy cows diagnosed with subclinical metabolic and/or inflammatory diseases during the transition period showed reduced quality but similar developmental potential and morphokinetics when compared to healthy cows. These results shed light on the consequences of subclinical disease on embryonic development in dairy cows which might be important for embryo transfer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Serbetci
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carolina Herrera
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iulian Ibanescu
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Muhittin Tekin
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Melean
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fumie Magata
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eleni Malama
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dragos Scarlet
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Liu X, Zuo J, Teng J, Yang L, Guo J, Liu L, Li P. Antibiofilm potential of luteolin against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy goats and farm environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122274. [PMID: 37524237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a prominent pathogen responsible for mastitis in dairy goats, and capable of contaminating farm environments. Luteolin is a naturally derived flavonoid found in many plant types. To our best of knowledge, this study involved the initial investigation into the prevalence of S. aureus and screened the multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus from raw milk samples and farm environments. Furthermore, we explored the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of luteolin against MDR S. aureus. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated via crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Bacterial morphology and biofilm microstructure were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the antibiofilm mechanisms were further explored based on extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, extracellular DNA (eDNA) content, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). In total, 28 and 43 S. aureus isolates were isolated from raw milk and environmental samples, respectively. Raw milk samples had the highest prevalence of S. aureus (58.33%), followed by sewage sludge (35.42%), soil (27.78%), excrement (19.44%), bulk tank (12.50%), milking parlor (11.11%), and feed (7.50%). Among the isolated strains, 40 isolates (56.34%) expressed the MDR phenotype. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of luteolin against MDR S. aureus were 8-32 μg/mL and 16-64 μg/mL, respectively. Compared to that in the untreated control isolate, the number of dead cells increased, while the auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity decreased. Moreover, the cell membrane dissolved with the increase in luteolin concentration. Luteolin down-regulated the transcription of seven biofilm related genes: icaA, icaD, icab, hld, hla, agrA and RNAIII. These results indicated that S. aureus coexisted in raw milk and goat farm environments, and also suggested the potential of luteolin as a promising antibiofilm agent against MDR S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jingru Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Teng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Azari-Dolatabad N, Benedetti C, Velez DA, Montoro AF, Sadeghi H, Residiwati G, Leroy JLMR, Van Soom A, Pascottini OB. Oocyte developmental capacity is influenced by intrinsic ovarian factors in a bovine model for individual embryo production. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 249:107185. [PMID: 36610102 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ovary and its hormones may have major effects on the in vitro developmental capacity of the oocytes it contains. We related intrinsic ovarian factors namely the presence of corpus luteum (CL) and/or dominant follicle (>8 mm) and the follicular count to cumulus expansion (CE), embryo development, and blastocyst quality in a bovine model. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were aspirated from follicles between 4 and 8 mm in diameter. In vitro embryo production was performed in a fully individual production system. The follicular fluid from which COCs were collected was pooled (per ovary) to evaluate the estrogen, progesterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. Cumulus oocyte complexes collected from ovaries without a CL presented a greater CE than COCs derived from ovaries bearing CL. The absence of ovarian structures increased the blastocyst rate when compared to oocytes derived from ovaries with a CL, a dominant follicle, or both. Blastocysts derived from ovaries without a dominant follicle presented higher total cell numbers and a lower proportion of apoptosis than blastocysts derived from ovaries containing a dominant follicle. Cumulus oocyte complexes collected from ovaries with high follicular count resulted in higher cleavage than from ovaries with low follicular count, but the blastocyst rate was similar between groups. Ovaries bearing a CL had greater progesterone and IGF-1 follicular fluid concentrations in neighboring follicles than ovaries without a CL. Selection for bovine ovaries without CL or dominant follicle can have positive effects on CE, embryo development, and blastocyst quality in an individual embryo production system set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Azari-Dolatabad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Camilla Benedetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daniel Angel Velez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Research Group in Animal Sciences - INCA-CES, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Andrea Fernandez Montoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hafez Sadeghi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gretania Residiwati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Rearte R, Corva SG, de la Sota RL, Lacau-Mengido IM, Giuliodori MJ. Associations of somatic cell count with milk yield and reproductive performance in grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6251-6260. [PMID: 35570038 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poor udder health status can have a detrimental effect on milk yield and reproductive performance, leading to reductions in the dairy farm profit. The objective of this retrospective longitudinal study was to assess the associations of somatic cell count (SCC) with daily milk yield and reproductive performance. A database with 1,930,376 lactations from 867 Argentinean grazing dairy herds records collected for 14 years was used. The association of the evolution of SCC (healthy vs. new case vs. cured vs. chronic; with 150,000 SCC/mL as threshold) and of the severity of SCC [mild (150,000--400,000 SCC/mL) vs. moderate (400,000-1,000,000 SCC/mL) vs. severe (>1,000,000 SCC/mL)] with the odds for conception were estimated. Finally, the associations of the linear score of SCC (LS-SCC) with daily milk yield were estimated depending on parity and milk production quartile. The odds ratios (CI 95%) for conception at first service were 0.921 (0.902-0.941), 0.866 (0.848-0.884), and 0.842 (0.826-0.859) for the new case, cured, and chronic cows compared with healthy cows, respectively. Also, the odds ratios (CI 95%) for conception were 0.902 (0.881-0.925), 0.837 (0.808-0.866) and 0.709 (0.683-0.736) for mild, moderate and severe cases compared with healthy cows, respectively. An increase of one point of LS-SCC was associated with decreases of 0.349, 0.539, and 0.676 kg in daily milk yield for first-, second-, and third-lactation cows, respectively. In conclusion, SCC is negatively associated with the risk for conception and with daily milk yield in grazing dairy cows. This negative relationship with conception is higher when SCC increase occurs after the service date and it is influenced by severity of mastitis, and in the case of milk yield, the negative association is influenced by parity, milk production quartile, and severity of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rearte
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, B1900AVW, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - S G Corva
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, B1900AVW, Argentina
| | - R L de la Sota
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, B1900AVW, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - I M Lacau-Mengido
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, B1900AVW, Argentina; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - M J Giuliodori
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, B1900AVW, Argentina.
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Kliś P, Sawa A, Piwczyński D, Sitkowska B, Bogucki M. Prediction of cow's fertility based on data recorded by automatic milking system during the periparturient period. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1227-1234. [PMID: 34174127 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results of most studies show the beneficial effect of milking automation on production parameters of dairy cows, but its effect on fertility traits is debatable. Therefore, a study was undertaken to predict cow fertility - services per conception (SC) and calving interval (CI) - based on automatic milking system (AMS) data collected in the periparturient period subdivided into the second and first week before calving, 1-4, 5-7, 8-14, 15-21 and 22-28 days of lactation. SC and CI were predicted using daily indicators such as concentrate intake, number of milkings, cow box time, milking time, milking speed, colostrum and milk yield, composition, temperature and electrical conductivity. The study material was derived from the AMS management system and from the SYMLEK milk recording system. The analysis covered data for 16,329 milkings of 398 Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows, which were used in three AMS herds. The collected numerical data were statistically analysed by correlation analysis in parallel with decision tree technique (SAS statistical package). The present study showed that due to the low, mostly non-significant coefficients of correlation between AMS data collected between 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after calving, it is not possible to predict cow fertility based on single traits. It has been established that the decision tree method may help breeders, already during the postcalving period, to choose the level of factors associated with AMS milking, which will ensure good fertility of cows in a herd. The most favourable number of services per conception is to be expected from cows that were milked <1.6 times per day from 1 to 4 days of lactation and electrical conductivity of their colostrum did not exceed 69 mS during that time. In turn, shortest CI (366 days) will be characteristic of the cows whose average daily colostrum yield did not exceed 20.2 kg and their daily concentrate intake from 8 to 14 days of lactation was at least 5.0 kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kliś
- Lely Center Bydgoszcz, Lisi Ogon, Łochowo, Poland
| | - Anna Sawa
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Piwczyński
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Beata Sitkowska
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Bogucki
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Wang N, Zhou C, Basang W, Zhu Y, Wang X, Li C, Chen L, Zhou X. Mechanisms by which mastitis affects reproduction in dairy cow: A review. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1165-1175. [PMID: 34008236 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive performance is a key factor in determining the profitability of dairy farm, which is affected by many factors such as environment and diseases. Mastitis is a common and important disease, which has caused huge economic losses to the dairy industries worldwide. Mammary gland infection causes immune responses, resulting in the abnormal secretion of cytokines and hormones and abnormal function of the reproductive system such as the ovary, corpus luteum, uterus and embryo. Cows with mastitis have delayed oestrus, decreased pregnancy rate and increased risk of abortion. The adverse effects of mastitis on reproductive performance are affected by many factors, such as occurrence time, pathogen and cow factors. This paper primarily reviews the progress in the effects and mechanisms of mastitis on reproductive performance, with emphasis on maternal transcriptome, genomic analysis, epigenetic modification, microbiota, inflammatory regulation and immune evasion mechanism of mastitis, aiming to provide directions for the prevention and control of mastitis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Changhai Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wangdui Basang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa Tibet, China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa Tibet, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Edelhoff INF, Pereira MHC, Bromfield JJ, Vasconcelos JLM, Santos JEP. Inflammatory diseases in dairy cows: Risk factors and associations with pregnancy after embryo transfer. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11970-11987. [PMID: 33010915 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the present prospective cohort study were to identify risk factors for inflammatory diseases in Holstein-Gyr crossbred dairy cows and characterize the associations of those diseases with pregnancy per embryo transfer (ET). Diseases were diagnosed in the first 60 d postpartum in 252 primiparous and 481 multiparous cows. Uterine diseases (UTD) included retained placenta, metritis, clinical endometritis, and subclinical endometritis. Nonuterine diseases (NUTD) included mastitis, lameness, pneumonia, and displaced abomasum. Blood was sampled on d 0, 1, and 2 postpartum and analyzed for concentrations of haptoglobin, fatty acids, total Ca (tCa), P, and Mg, and again on d 8 postpartum and analyzed for concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate. The association between concentrations of metabolites in serum and inflammatory diseases was determined. Cows received a timed ET program starting 28 ± 3 d postpartum with first ET at 46 ± 3 d postpartum using fresh in vitro-produced embryos. Pregnancy was diagnosed on d 31 and 59 of presumptive gestation. Overall, 63.3% of the cows were diagnosed with UTD and 20.6% with NUTD. The risk factors for UTD included season of calving, parity group, calving problems, days with subclinical hypocalcemia, and serum concentrations of haptoglobin and Mg, whereas the risk factors for NUTD were parity group and serum Mg concentration. Cows that developed UTD had increased concentrations of haptoglobin on d 2 and fatty acids on d 1 and 2, and reduced concentrations of tCa on d 1 and 2 and of P and Mg on d 2 postpartum compared with cows without UTD. Cows that developed NUTD had increased concentrations of fatty acids on d 0 to 2 postpartum, and decreased concentrations of tCa and P on d 0 and 1, and of Mg on d 1 and 2 postpartum compared with cows without NUTD. Cows that developed NUTD had a 340-kg reduction in milk yield in the first 60 d postpartum. Inflammatory diseases were associated with lesser body condition score and increased loss of body condition in the first 70 d postpartum. Maintenance of pregnancy after ET was reduced in UTD cows following the first (41.7 vs. 25.4%) or all ET (46.4 vs. 36.2%), whereas maintenance of pregnancy was reduced in NUTD cows only at the second ET (39.0 vs 25.9%). The reduced pregnancy maintenance in UTD cows combined with a reduced 21-d service rate (61.9 vs. 54.8%) decreased the 21-d cycle pregnancy rate (28.6 vs. 19.9%) and the hazard of pregnancy to 300 d postpartum by 35%, resulting in an extra 32 d open. In conclusion, inflammatory diseases depressed fertility in dairy cows receiving ET, with the greatest impact observed in UTD cows. This suggests that local inflammation of the uterus impairs maintenance of pregnancy in dairy cows following ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N F Edelhoff
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168
| | - M H C Pereira
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168
| | - J J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
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Piersanti RL, Block J, Ma Z, Jeong KC, Santos JEP, Yu F, Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ. Uterine infusion of bacteria alters the transcriptome of bovine oocytes. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:506-520. [PMID: 32821881 PMCID: PMC7429353 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infection reduces fertility in dairy cattle; however, the mechanisms of uterine infection-mediated infertility are unknown. Paradoxically, infection-induced infertility persists after the resolution of disease. Oocytes are a finite resource, which are present at various stages of development during uterine infection. It is likely that oocyte development is influenced by uterine infection-induced changes to the follicular microenvironment. To better understand the impact of infection on oocyte quality we employed global transcriptomics of oocytes collected from heifers after receiving intrauterine infusion of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes. We hypothesized that the oocyte transcriptome would be altered in response to intrauterine infection. A total of 452 differentially expressed genes were identified in oocytes collected from heifers 4 days after bacteria infusion compared to vehicle infusion, while 539 differentially expressed genes were identified in oocytes collected from heifers 60 days after bacteria infusion. Only 42 genes were differentially expressed in bacteria-infused heifers at both Day 4 and Day 60. Interferon, HMGB1, ILK, IL-6, and TGF-beta signaling pathways were downregulated in oocytes collected at Day 4 from bacteria-infused heifers, while interferon, ILK, and IL-6 signaling were upregulated in oocytes collected at Day 60 from bacteria-infused heifers. These data suggest that bacterial infusion alters the oocyte transcriptome differently at Day 4 and Day 60, suggesting different follicle stages are susceptible to damage. Characterizing the long-term impacts of uterine infection on the oocyte transcriptome aids in our understanding of how infection causes infertility in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Block
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Zhengxin Ma
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | | | - Fahong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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Rasekhi M, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Daliri M, Bakhtiarizadeh M, Shariati V, Rahimi M, Hajarizadeh A, Nazari SA, Ross PJ, Tvrdá E. Transcriptional profile of ovine oocytes matured under lipopolysaccharide treatment in vitro. Theriogenology 2020; 157:70-78. [PMID: 32805644 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from gram negative bacteria cell wall is known to cause ruminal acidosis and/or infectious diseases such as metritis and mastitis which has a significant negative impact on the reproductive performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LPS on oocyte maturation and subsequent development in vitro. Ovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in a medium supplemented with 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL LPS. Nuclear maturation, cleavage and blastocyst rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and changes to the transcript abundance were evaluated. In case of the maturation rate, the percentage of oocytes reaching the MII stage was lower following exposure to 10 μg/mL LPS in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the blastocyst rate decreased in case of 1 and 10 μg/mL LPS when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). ROS overproduction accompanied by a decreased ΔΨm were recorded in LPS treated oocytes in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). The 3' tag digital gene expression profiling method revealed that 7887 genes were expressed while only seven genes exhibited changes in the transcript abundance following exposure to LPS. Tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25), Tripartite motif containing 26 (TRIM26), Zona Pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3), Family with sequence similarity 50-member A (FAM50A), Glyoxalate and hydroxy pyruvate reductase (GRHPR), NADH ubiquinase oxireductase subunit A8 (NDUFA8) were down-regulated (P < 0.05), while only Centrin 3 (CETN3) was up-regulated (P < 0.05). Our findings show that LPS has undesirable effects on the maturation competence of ovine oocytes and subsequent embryo development. In addition, the transcriptomic profiling results may shed more light on the molecular mechanisms of LPS-induced infertility in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rasekhi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Daliri
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Bakhtiarizadeh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Shariati
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahimi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Hajarizadeh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ataei Nazari
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, UC Davis, California, USA
| | - Eva Tvrdá
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
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11
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Effects of clinical mastitis and puerperal diseases on reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3061-3068. [PMID: 32572855 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of clinical mastitis (CM) occurring before or after the first AI postpartum, and puerperal diseases (PD) on the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI), number of AI/conception, and days open (DO) of two different dairy herds (Girolando and Holstein). The CM, PD (retained placenta and metritis), and reproductive data were collected from two dairy farms throughout 1 year. Both farms were located in the southern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. One herd was composed of Girolando cows and the other of Holstein cows. Cows were inseminated after estrus detection or submitted to timed AI. Only CM cases (clots in milk accompanied or not by udder inflammation) that occurred before or after first AI postpartum (from calving until 35 days after the first AI) were considered. There were no effects of CM, PD, or both diseases on the reproductive efficiency of the Girolando herd. In the Holstein herd, a reduce P/AI and prolonged DO were verified for those affected by ≥ 2 CM cases. Holstein cows with CM also required more inseminations to become pregnant. A decrease in the P/AI and an increase in the number of AI/conception and DO were observed in cows of the Holstein herd that developed only CM, only PD, and for those diagnosed with both diseases. In summary, considering that some management differences exist between the two dairy farms, CM occurrence (before or after the first AI postpartum) and puerperal diseases negatively affected the reproductive efficiency of the Holstein herd. However, these diseases did not compromise the reproductive efficiency of the Girolando herd.
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12
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Khurchabilig A, Sato A, Ashibe S, Hara A, Fukumori R, Nagao Y. Expression levels of FSHR, IGF1R, CYP11al and HSD3β in cumulus cells can predict in vitro developmental competence of bovine oocytes. ZYGOTE 2020; 28:1-7. [PMID: 32482188 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199420000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of in vitro embryo production technologies would be improved by the development of suitable non-invasive biomarkers that allow the selection of good quality cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). The present study used whole, single oocyte culture to investigate whether the expression levels of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), insulin-like factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and three steroidogenesis-related enzymes (CYP11al, CYP19al and HSD3β) in cumulus cells reflected the developmental competence of COCs. Cumulus cells were collected from single COCs before maturation culture and relative mRNA levels were assessed using real-time PCR. The analysis indicated that mRNAs for FSHR, IGF1R, CYP11al and HSD3β were present at higher levels in cumulus cells from COCs that failed to form blastocysts compared with cumulus cells from COCs that formed blastocysts. Moreover, FSHR and IGF1R mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of genes for steroidogenesis-related enzymes. In conclusion, poor developmental competence of COCs was related to higher expression of FSHR, IGF1R, CYP11al and HSD3β in cumulus cells, which may indicate the advanced differentiation of cumulus cells into granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchalalt Khurchabilig
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo183-8509, Japan
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi321-4415, Japan
| | - Akane Sato
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi321-4415, Japan
| | - Shiori Ashibe
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo183-8509, Japan
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi321-4415, Japan
| | - Asuka Hara
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi321-4415, Japan
| | - Rika Fukumori
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi321-4415, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo183-8509, Japan
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi321-4415, Japan
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13
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Malard PF, Peixer MAS, Grazia JG, Brunel HDSS, Feres LF, Villarroel CL, Siqueira LGB, Dode MAN, Pogue R, Viana JHM, Carvalho JL. Intraovarian injection of mesenchymal stem cells improves oocyte yield and in vitro embryo production in a bovine model of fertility loss. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8018. [PMID: 32415089 PMCID: PMC7229041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Valuable female cattle are continuously subject to follicular puncture (ovum pick-up - OPU). This technique is commonly used for in-vitro embryo production, but may result in ovarian lesion. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) ameliorate the function of injured tissues, but their use to treat ovarian lesions in cattle has not been established. We investigated whether a local injection of MSC would reduce the negative effects of repeated OPU under acute and chronic scenarios in bovines. First, we performed four OPU sessions and injected 2.5 × 106 MSCs immediately after the 4th OPU procedure (n = 5). The treated organs (right ovary) were compared to their saline-treated counterparts (left), and presented superior production of oocytes and embryos in the three following OPU sessions (P < 0.05). Then, cows with progressive fertility loss went through three OPU sessions. Animals received MSC, saline, or MSC + FSH in both ovaries after the first OPU. In the two following OPU sessions, the MSC and MSC + FSH - treated groups failed to present any significant alteration in the number of oocytes and embryos compared to saline-treated animals. Thus, MSC have beneficial effects on the fertility of OPU-lesioned cows, but not in cows with cystic ovarian disease and chronic ovarian lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F Malard
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
- Bio Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, Brasília, DF, 71735-505, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio A S Peixer
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
- Bio Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, Brasília, DF, 71735-505, Brazil
| | - Joao G Grazia
- Cenatte Embrioes, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, 33600-000, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz F Feres
- Universidade de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, 37132-440, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz G B Siqueira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Margot A N Dode
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Robert Pogue
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Joao Henrique M Viana
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Carvalho
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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14
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Dickson MJ, Piersanti RL, Ramirez-Hernandez R, de Oliveira EB, Bishop JV, Hansen TR, Ma Z, Jeong KCC, Santos JEP, Sheldon MI, Block J, Bromfield JJ. Experimentally Induced Endometritis Impairs the Developmental Capacity of Bovine Oocytes†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:508-520. [PMID: 32401311 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine infection is associated with infertility in women and dairy cows, even after the resolution of infection. However, the mechanisms causing this persistent infertility are unclear. Here, we hypothesized that induced endometritis in non-lactating dairy cows would reduce the developmental competence of oocytes. Non-lactating Holstein cows received an intrauterine infusion of endometrial pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes; n = 12) or vehicle control (n = 11) on day 2 of the estrous cycle. Bacterial infusion increased expression of endometrial inflammatory mediators, and a mucopurulent discharge in the vagina confirmed the establishment of endometritis. Oocytes were collected by transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovum pickup on days 2, 24, 45, and 66 following infusion and subjected to in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. Bacterial infusion resulted in fewer cleaved oocytes developing to morulae compared to vehicle-infused controls (30.7 versus 45.0%), with the greatest effect observed in oocytes collected on day 24. Development to morula was inversely correlated with endometrial expression of IL6 on day 6. The expression of genes associated with embryo quality did not differ significantly between morulae from bacteria-infused and control cows. Artificial insemination 130 days after intrauterine infusion resulted in normal, filamentous embryos that produced interferon tau 16 days after conception in both infusion groups. This model of experimentally induced uterine infection successfully resulted in endometritis and a reduction in the proportion of oocytes that developed to morulae following in vitro fertilization. In conclusion, endometritis reduced the capacity of oocytes to develop to morulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Dickson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA
| | - Rachel L Piersanti
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jeanette V Bishop
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas R Hansen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zhengxin Ma
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA
| | - Kwang Cheol C Jeong
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA
| | - Jose E P Santos
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA
| | - Martin I Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - John J Bromfield
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA
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15
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Heidari M, Kafi M, Mirzaei A, Asaadi A, Mokhtari A. Effects of follicular fluid of preovulatory follicles of repeat breeder dairy cows with subclinical endometritis on oocyte developmental competence. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 205:62-69. [PMID: 31005360 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to determine the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hormonal progesterone, estradiol-17β, insulin growth factor (IGF-1) and magnesium in the serum and the preovulatory follicle follicular fluid (FF) in repeat breeder (RB) cows without (nSCE) or with subclinical endometritis (SCE), and further to examine the effects of this FF on developmental competence of cattle oocytes. In Experiment 1, 13 of 23 clinically healthy Holstein RB cows were identified (uterine PMNs) to have SCE. The cows were estrous synchronized, and 6-12 h after detection of standing estrus, FF and blood of the preovulatory follicles were collected. The mean (±SD) LPS (862.3 ± 148.1 compared with 1063.4 ± 262.8 EU/ml, P = 0.04) and estradiol-17β (188.9 ± 15.8 compared with 162.0 ± 31.5 ng/ml, P = 0.02) concentrations of FF was different between nSCE and SCE cows. In Experiment 2, FF of RB cows with relatively lesser (nSCE, n = 4) and greater (SCE, n = 4) percentages of uterine PMNs was separately added to the oocyte maturation medium for in vitro embryo production. Addition of FF from SCE cows to the oocyte maturation medium resulted in a lesser rate of development to the blastocyst stage than that of the nSCE cows (21.9 ± 1.8 compared with 27.8 ± 2.5%, P < 0.05). Results of the present study indicate greater FF LPS concentration may result in a lesser quality microenvironment milieu for the final stages of oocyte maturation in RB dairy cows with subclinical endometritis. In addition, supplementation of oocyte maturation medium with FF of preovulatory follicles from RB cows with subclinical endometritis resulted in a lesser potential of in vitro oocyte developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Heidari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kafi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolah Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Aniseh Asaadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Campos C, Hartling I, Kaur M, Fernandes A, Santos R, Cerri R. Intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide promotes inflammation and alters endometrial gene expression in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10440-10455. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Roth Z. Stress-induced alterations in oocyte transcripts are further expressed in the developing blastocyst. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:821-835. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
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18
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Goszczynski D, Molina A, Terán E, Morales-Durand H, Ross P, Cheng H, Giovambattista G, Demyda-Peyrás S. Runs of homozygosity in a selected cattle population with extremely inbred bulls: Descriptive and functional analyses revealed highly variable patterns. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200069. [PMID: 29985951 PMCID: PMC6037354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH), using high throughput genomic data, has become a valuable and frequently used methodology to characterize the genomic and inbreeding variation of livestock and wildlife animal populations. However, this methodology has been scarcely used in highly inbred domestic animals. Here, we analyzed and characterized the occurrence of ROH fragments in highly inbred (HI; average pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient FPED = 0.164; 0.103 to 0.306) and outbred Retinta bulls (LI; average FPED = 0.008; 0 to 0.025). We studied the length of the fragments, their abundance, and genome distribution using high-density microarray data. The number of ROH was significantly higher in the HI group, especially for long fragments (>8Mb). In the LI group, the number of ROH continuously decreased with fragment length. Genome-wide distribution of ROH was highly variable between samples. Some chromosomes presented a larger number of fragments (BTA1, BTA19, BTA29), others had longer fragments (BTA4, BTA12, BTA17), while other ones showed an increased ROH accumulation over specific loci (BTA2, BTA7, BTA23, BTA29). Similar differences were observed in the analysis of 12 individuals produced by a similar inbred event (FPED3 = 0.125). The correlation between the fraction of the genome covered by ROH (FROH) and FPED was high (0.79), suggesting that ROH-based estimations are indicative of inbreeding levels. On the other hand, the correlation between FPED and the microsatellite-based inbreeding coefficient (FMIC) was only moderate (r = 0.44), suggesting that STR-based inbreeding estimations should be avoided. Similarly, we found a very low correlation (r = -0.0132) between recombination rate and ROH abundance across the genome. Finally, we performed functional annotation analyses of genome regions with significantly enriched ROH abundance. Results revealed gene clusters related to pregnancy-associated proteins and immune reaction. The same analysis performed for regions enriched with recently formed ROH (> 8 Mb) showed gene clusters related to flagellum assembly. In both cases, the processes were related to male and female reproductive functions, which may partially explain the reduced fertility associated with inbred populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Goszczynski
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Molina
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España
| | - Ester Terán
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hernán Morales-Durand
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Guillermo Giovambattista
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Demyda-Peyrás
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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19
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Subclinical mastitis interferes with ovulation, oocyte and granulosa cell quality in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2018; 119:214-219. [PMID: 30036745 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of mastitis by somatic cell count (SCC) on follicular growth, ovulation, oocytes and cumulus cells quality and on the concentration and size of exosomes in follicular fluid of dairy cows. In the study, crossbred cows (Bos taurus - Holstein x Bos indicus - Gir) were classified for analysis as Control (SCC<200.000 cells/mL) and Mastitis (SCC>400.000 cells/mL) groups. In experiment 1 (follicular dynamics), cows (n = 57) were submitted to ultrasound evaluations every 24 h, from progesterone-releasing-intravaginal-device (PRID) removal (D8) until 48 h later (D10). Thereafter, evaluations were performed every 12 h, until ovulation or up to 96 h after PRID removal. In experiment 2 (oocyte, cumulus complexes, and follicular fluid evaluation), cows (n = 26) were submitted to follicular aspiration (OPU) for oocyte quality and cumulus cells transcript evaluation. The amount of cumulus complexes transcripts (BCL2, BAX, PI3K, PTEN, FOXO3) was determined by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Moreover, seven days after the OPU session, the dominant follicle was aspirated. Exosomes were isolated from the follicular fluid for evaluation of particle size and concentration. Ovulation rate [Control 77.4% (24/31) and Mastitis 57.7% (15/26); P = 0.09] and viable oocytes rate [Control 59.1% (130/220) and Mastitis 41.9% (125/298); P = 0.01] were higher in Control animals. Additionally, there was a greater number of degenerate oocytes [Control 6.7 ± 1.2 and Mastitis 13.3 ± 5.5; (P = 0.001)] in subclinical mastitis cows. There was greater abundance (P = 0.003) of BAX cumulus cell transcripts and exosome mean (P = 0.03) and mode (P = 0.02) was smaller in subclinical mastitis cows. In conclusion, ovulation rate, oocyte quality, and exosome diameter were smaller in cows with SCC>400.000 cells/mL.
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20
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Hussein HA, El-Razik KAEHA, Gomaa AM, Elbayoumy MK, Abdelrahman KA, Hosein HI. Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle. Vet World 2018; 11:34-41. [PMID: 29479155 PMCID: PMC5813509 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.34-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mastitis is one of the most vital noteworthy monetary risks to dairy ranchers and affects reproductive performance in dairy cattle. However, subclinical mastitis (SCM) negatively affects milk quality and quantity and associated with economic losses as clinical mastitis. It is recognizable only by additional testing. Somatic cell count (SCC) is currently used worldwide for the screening of intramammary infection (IMI) infections. However, somatic cells (SC) are affected by numerous factors and not always correlate with infection of the udder. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the milk amyloid A (MAA) in the milk of normal and SCM cows and compare the sensitivity of both MAA secretion and SCC in response to mammary gland bacterial infection. Materials and Methods A total of 272 quarter milk samples collected from 68 Friesian cows after clinical examination for detection of clinical mastitis were employed in this study. All quarter milk samples (272) were subjected to bacteriological examination, while SCs were assessed in samples (220). Following SCC estimation and bacteriological examination, the apparently normal quarter milk samples were categorized into 7 groups and MAA concentration was estimated in normal and subclinical mastitic milk samples. Results Prevalence of clinical mastitis was 19.12 % (52 quarters), while 80.88 % (220 quarters) were clinically healthy with normal milk secretion. Of those 220 clinically healthy quarter milk samples, 72 (32.73%) showed SCM as detected by SCC (SCC ≥500,000 cells/ml). The most prevalent bacteria detected in this study were streptococci (48.53%), Staphylococcus aureus (29.41%), Escherichia coli (36.76%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (11.76%). Results of MAA estimation revealed a strong correlation between MAA secretion level and SCC in agreement with the bacteriological examination. Interestingly, there was a prompt increase in MAA concentration in Group III (G III) (group of milk samples had SCC ≤200,000 cells/ml and bacteriologically positive) than Group I (G I) (group of milk samples with SCC ≤500,000 cells/ml and bacteriologically negative), as MAA concentration in G III was about 4 times its concentration in G I. Conclusion Our study provides a strong evidence for the significance of MAA measurement in milk during SCM, and MAA is more sensitive to IMI than SCC. This can be attributed to rapid and sensitive marker of inflammation. The advantage of MAA over other diagnostic markers of SCM is attributed the minute or even undetectable level of MAA in the milk of healthy animals, it is not influenced by factors other than mastitis, and could be estimated in preserved samples. Therefore, we recommend that estimation of MAA concentration in milk is a more useful diagnostic tool than SCC to detect SCM and to monitor the udder health in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Mohamed Gomaa
- Department of Mastitis and Neonatal Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Karam Elbayoumy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Abdelrahman
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - H I Hosein
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Ibrahim LA, Kramer JM, Williams RS, Bromfield JJ. Human granulosa-luteal cells initiate an innate immune response to pathogen-associated molecules. Reproduction 2017; 152:261-70. [PMID: 27512120 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of the ovarian follicle is key to the developmental success of the oocyte. Minor changes within the follicular microenvironment can significantly disrupt oocyte development, compromising the formation of competent embryos and reducing fertility. Previously described as a sterile environment, the ovarian follicle of women has been shown to contain colonizing bacterial strains, whereas in domestic species, pathogen-associated molecules are concentrated in the follicular fluid of animals with uterine infection. The aim of this study is to determine whether human granulosa-luteal cells mount an innate immune response to pathogen-associated molecules, potentially disrupting the microenvironment of the ovarian follicle. Human granulosa-luteal cells were collected from patients undergoing assisted reproduction. Cells were cultured in the presence of pathogen-associated molecules (LPS, FSL-1 and Pam3CSK4) for 24h. Supernatants and total RNA were collected for assessment by PCR and ELISA. Granulosa-luteal cells were shown to express the molecular machinery required to respond to a range of pathogen-associated molecules. Expression of TLR4 varied up to 15-fold between individual patients. Granulosa-luteal cells increased the expression of the inflammatory mediators IL1B, IL6 and CXCL8 in the presence of the TLR4 agonist E. coli LPS. Similarly, the TLR2/6 ligand, FSL-1, increased the expression of IL6 and CXCL8. Although no detectable changes in CYP19A1 or STAR expression were observed in granulosa-luteal cells following challenge, a significant reduction in progesterone secretion was measured after treatment with FSL-1. These findings demonstrate the ability of human granulosa-luteal cells to respond to pathogen-associated molecules and generate an innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila A Ibrahim
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research ProgramGainesville, Florida, USA Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph M Kramer
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research ProgramGainesville, Florida, USA Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCollege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - R Stan Williams
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research ProgramGainesville, Florida, USA Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCollege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - John J Bromfield
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research ProgramGainesville, Florida, USA Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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22
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Mastitis effects on reproductive performance in dairy cattle: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:663-673. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Roth Z, Wolfenson D. Comparing the effects of heat stress and mastitis on ovarian function in lactating cows: basic and applied aspects. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56 Suppl:S218-27. [PMID: 27345320 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced reproductive performance of lactating cows is strongly associated with environmental and pathogenic stressors. This review summarizes the most recent knowledge on the effects of acute or chronic heat stress (HS) and acute or chronic intramammary infection (IMI) on ovarian function. It also offers various approaches for improving the fertility of cows under chronic HS or IMI. Comparing the 2 stressors reveals a few similarities in the mode of alteration in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, in particular, in the follicle and its enclosed oocyte. Both HS and IMI cause a reduction in the preovulatory LH surge, with a pronounced effect in cows with IMI, and consequently, ovulation is being delayed or inhibited. Both stresses induce changes in follicular growth dynamics, reduce follicular steroidogenesis, and disrupt follicular dominance. Unlike their effects on follicular function, the effects of mastitis and HS on corpus luteum (CL) function are debatable. Under chronic summer thermal stress, several, but not all, studies show reduced progesterone secretion by the CL. Subclinical mastitis does not affect CL function, whereas the effect of clinical mastitis is controversial; some show a reduction in progesterone, whereas others do not. Both stresses have been found to impair cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation of oocytes, associated with reduced embryonic development. These findings have provided insights into the mechanism by which HS and IMI compromise fertility, which enable developing new strategies to mitigate these effects. For instance, treatment with GnRH and PGF2α to induce follicular turnover successfully improved conception rate in subpopulations of HS cows during the summer, in particular, primiparous cows and cows with high BCS. The "Ovsynch" program, also based on the use of GnRH and PGF2α, has been shown to improve conception rate of subclinical mastitic cows, most likely due to better synchronization of timing of ovulation with that of AI. Supplementing progesterone after AI improves conception rate of HS cows, particularly those with postpartum uterine disease and low BCS. It should be noted that similarities between the 2 stressors do not necessarily suggest a shared mechanism. Although not clear enough, an additive deleterious effects of HS and IMI on reproduction is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - D Wolfenson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Chronic Pelvic Inflammation Diminished Ovarian Reserve as Indicated by Serum Anti Mülerrian Hormone. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156130. [PMID: 27272680 PMCID: PMC4894572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential damaging effect of chronic pelvic inflammation on ovarian reserve. DESIGN Case-control study. PATIENTS A total of 122 women with bilateral tubal occlusion, diagnosed by hysterosalipingography (HSG) and 217 women with normal fallopians were recruited. MEASUREMENTS Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), basic follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteining hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) were measured; and antral follicle counts (AFCs) were recorded. RESULTS Significantly lower level of AMH was observed in women with bilateral tubal occlusion compared to control group [2.62 (2.95) ng/ml vs. 3.37 (3.11) ng/ml, P = 0.03], and the difference remained after adjustment of BMI (Padjust = 0.04). However, no statistical difference was found in the levels of FSH [7.00 (2.16) IU/L vs. 6.74 (2.30) IU/L], LH [4.18 (1.52) IU/L vs. 4.63 (2.52) IU/L], E2 [35.95 (20.40) pg/ml vs. 34.90 (17.85) pg/ml], T [25.07±11.46 ng/dl vs. 24.84±12.75 ng/dl], and AFC [6.00 (4.00) vs. 7.00 (4.00)] between two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Women with bilateral tubal occlusion showed decreased AMH level, suggesting that chronic pelvic inflammation may diminish ovarian reserve. More caution should be paid when evaluating the detriment of PID on female fertility.
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Lüttgenau J, Wellnitz O, Kradolfer D, Kalaitzakis E, Ulbrich S, Bruckmaier R, Bollwein H. Intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion alters gene expression but does not induce lysis of the bovine corpus luteum. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4018-4031. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wolfenson D, Leitner G, Lavon Y. The Disruptive Effects of Mastitis on Reproduction and Fertility in Dairy Cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lavon Y, Kaim M, Leitner G, Biran D, Ezra E, Wolfenson D. Two approaches to improve fertility of subclinical mastitic dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2268-2275. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Dervishi E, Zhang G, Hailemariam D, Dunn SM, Ametaj BN. Innate immunity and carbohydrate metabolism alterations precede occurrence of subclinical mastitis in transition dairy cows. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 57:46. [PMID: 26705479 PMCID: PMC4690257 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-015-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background This study examined whether activation of innate immunity and alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism precede development of subclinical mastitis (SCM). Methods Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein from 100 Holstein dairy cows at -8, -4, disease diagnosis week, and +4 weeks postpartum. Six healthy cows (controls – CON) and six cows that showed clinical signs of SCM were selected for serum analyses. All serum samples were analyzed for acute phase proteins (APP) haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA); proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and serum lactate, BHBA, and NEFA concentration. Data of DMI, milk production, and milk composition were recorded and analyzed. Results The results showed that cows with SCM had greater concentrations of SAA, TNF (P < 0.01), and lactate before expected day of parturition (P < 0.05) compared to CON cows. Cows with SCM showed greater concentrations of lactate starting at -8 weeks (P < 0.05) and TNF starting at -4 weeks prior to the expected day of parturition (P < 0.01). Interestingly, at -4 weeks, concentrations of IL-1 and Hp were lower in cows with SCM compared to healthy cows (P < 0.01) followed by an increase during the week of disease diagnosis (P < 0.05). Subclinical mastitis was associated with lower DMI, at -4 weeks before calving, milk production (P < 0.05) and increased somatic cell counts (SCC) (P < 0.01). Conclusions Results of this study suggest that SCM is preceded by activated innate immunity and altered carbohydrate metabolism in transition dairy cows. Moreover the results support the idea that Hp, lactate, and SAA, at -8 weeks, and TNF and IL-1 at -4 weeks can be used as early indicators to screen cows during dry off for disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Dervishi
- Department of Agricultural Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Guanshi Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Dagnachew Hailemariam
- Department of Agricultural Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Suzana M Dunn
- Department of Agricultural Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Burim N Ametaj
- Department of Agricultural Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
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Roth Z, Asaf S, Furman O, Lavon Y, Kalo D, Wolfenson D, Leitner G. Subclinical mastitis disrupts oocyte cytoplasmic maturation in association with reduced developmental competence and impaired gene expression in preimplantation bovine embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14431. [PMID: 25891636 DOI: 10.1071/rd14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical chronic mastitis was induced to examine the effects on oocyte developmental competence. Uninfected Holstein cows were intramammary administrated with serial (every 48h for 20 days) low doses of toxin of Staphylococcus aureus origin (Gram-positive; G+), endotoxin of Escherichia coli origin (Gram-negative; G-) or sterile saline (control). Follicular fluid of toxin- and saline-treated cows was aspirated from preovulatory follicles and used as maturation medium. Oocytes harvested from ovaries collected at the abattoir were matured and then fertilised and cultured for 8 days. The percentage of oocytes undergoing nuclear maturation, determined by meiotic nuclear stages, did not differ between groups. Cytoplasmic maturation, determined by cortical granule distribution, was affected by both toxins (PPPPTGS2) mRNA increased, whereas that of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) decreased in matured oocytes. In addition, PTGS2 expression increased and POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1) expression decreased in 4-cell embryos developed from both G+ and G- oocytes. Thus, regardless of toxin type, subclinical mastitis disrupts oocyte cytoplasmic maturation and alters gene expression in association with reduced developmental competence.
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Friedman E, Voet H, Reznikov D, Wolfenson D, Roth Z. Hormonal treatment before and after artificial insemination differentially improves fertility in subpopulations of dairy cows during the summer and autumn. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7465-75. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-7900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Experimental model of toxin-induced subclinical mastitis and its effect on disruption of follicular function in cows. Theriogenology 2014; 82:1165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Asaf S, Leitner G, Furman O, Lavon Y, Kalo D, Wolfenson D, Roth Z. Effects of Escherichia coli- and Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in lactating cows on oocyte developmental competence. Reproduction 2014; 147:33-43. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is associated with decreased fertility in dairy cows. In the current study, we created an experimental model to simulate short-term mastitis by a single intramammary administration of Gram-negative endotoxin ofEscherichia coliorigin (G−), or Gram-positive toxin ofStaphylococcus aureusorigin (G+), to examine the effect of mastitis on oocyte developmental competence. Healthy Holstein cows were synchronized, and follicular fluid (FF) of cows treated with G+ or G− and of uninfected cows (controls) was aspirated from the preovulatory follicles by transvaginal ultrasound procedure. The aspirated FF was used as maturation medium forin vitroembryo production. The distribution of matured oocytes into different cortical granule classes and meiotic stages was affected by G− administration (P<0.05) but not by G+ administration. The proportion of oocytes that cleaved to two- and four-cell stage embryos (44 h postfertilization) was lower in both G+ and G− groups than in controls (P<0.05). Blastocyst formation rate (7–8 days postfertilization) was lower in the G− group (P<0.05) and numerically lower in the G+ group compared with their uninfected counterparts. The total cell number in blastocysts did not differ among groups; however, the apoptotic index was higher in the G+ group (P<0.05), but not in the G− group, relative to controls. Examining mRNA relative abundance in oocytes and early embryos revealed mastitis-induced alterations inPTGS2(COX2),POU5F1, andHSF1but not inSLC2A1(GLUT1) orGDF9. Results indicate a differential disruptive effect of mastitis induced by G− and G+ on oocyte developmental competence in association with alterations in maternal gene expression.
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