1
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Pitkänen M, Matilainen O. Milk Fat Globule Membrane-Containing Protein Powder Promotes Fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutrients 2024; 16:2290. [PMID: 39064733 PMCID: PMC11280102 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk-derived peptides and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) have gained interest as health-promoting food ingredients. However, the mechanisms by which these nutraceuticals modulate the function of biological systems often remain unclear. We utilized Caenorhabditis elegans to elucidate how MFGM-containing protein powder (MProPow), previously used in a clinical trial, affect the physiology of this model organism. Our results demonstrate that MProPow does not affect lifespan but promotes the fitness of the animals. Surprisingly, gene expression analysis revealed that MProPow decreases the expression of genes functioning on innate immunity, which also translates into reduced survival on pathogenic bacteria. One of the innate immunity-associated genes showing reduced expression upon MProPow supplementation is cpr-3, the homolog of human cathepsin B. Interestingly, knockdown of cpr-3 enhances fitness, but not in MProPow-treated animals, suggesting that MProPow contributes to fitness by downregulating the expression of this gene. In summary, this research highlights the value of C. elegans in testing the biological activity of food supplements and nutraceuticals. Furthermore, this study should encourage investigations into whether milk-derived peptides and MFGM mediate their beneficial effects through the modulation of cathepsin B expression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olli Matilainen
- The Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
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2
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Yu X, Zhao Y, Sun M, Liu L, Li X, Zhang X, Sun Y, Bora AFM, Li C, Leng Y, Jiang S. Effects of egg yolk lecithin/milk fat globule membrane material ratio on the structure and stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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3
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Supplementation with milk fat globule membrane from early life reduces maternal separation-induced visceral pain independent of enteric nervous system or intestinal permeability changes in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Infant Formula Based on Milk Fat Affects Immune Development in Both Normal Birthweight and Fetal Growth Restricted Neonatal Piglets. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103310. [PMID: 34684311 PMCID: PMC8539276 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant formulas offer an alternative to breast milk for both normal birth weight (NBW) and immunocompromised intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) infants. Although the lipid fraction in formulas is often derived from vegetable oils, it is unclear if this alters immunological outcomes relative to milk fats or whether these effects differ between IUGR and NBW infants. We hypothesized that replacing vegetable oil with bovine milk fat in infant formula would improve immune development in IUGR and NBW neonates. Two-day old piglets were selected (NBW, n = 18, IUGR, n = 18) and each group of animals were fed formula based on either vegetable oil (VEG) or bovine milk fat (MILK). Animals were reared until day 23/24 and systemic immune parameters were evaluated. Milk-fat feeding decreased blood neutrophil counts and improved neutrophil function while transiently reducing leucocytes’ expression of genes related to adaptive and innate immunity as well as energy metabolism, following in vitro stimulation by live Staphylococcus epidermidis (whole blood, 2 h). However, there were only a few interactions between milk-fat type and birthweight status. Thus, piglets fed milk-fat-based formula had improved neutrophil maturation and suppressed pro-inflammatory responses, compared to those fed vegetable-oil-based formula.
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5
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Wu Y, Zhang X, Han D, Pi Y, Tao S, Zhang S, Wang S, Zhao J, Chen L, Wang J. Early life administration of milk fat globule membrane promoted SCFA-producing bacteria colonization, intestinal barriers and growth performance of neonatal piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:346-355. [PMID: 34258422 PMCID: PMC8245794 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) possesses various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals, whereas its effects on neonatal gut microbiota and barrier integrity remained unclear. This study investigated the effects of MFGM administration on microbial compositions and intestinal barrier functions of neonatal piglets. Sixteen newborn piglets were randomly allocated into a CON group or MFGM group, orally administered with saline or MFGM solution (1 g/kg body weight) respectively during the first postnatal week, and all piglets were breastfed during the whole neonatal period. The present study found that the MFGM oral administration during the first postnatal week increased the plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) G level, body weight and average daily gain of piglets (P < 0.05) on 21 d. Additionally, MFGM administration enriched fecal SCFA-producing bacteria (Ruminococ aceae_UCG-002, Ruminococ aceae_UCG-010, Ruminococ aceae_UCG-004, Ruminococ aceae_UCG-014 and [Ruminococcus]_gauvrearuii_group), SCFA concentrations (acetate, propionate and butyrate; P < 0.05) and their receptor (G-protein coupled receptor 41, GPR41). Furthermore, MFGM administration promoted intestinal villus morphology (P < 0.05) and barrier functions by upregulating genes of tight junctions (E-cadherin, claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludin 1 [ZO-1]), mucins (mucin-13 and mucin-20) and interleukin (IL)-22 (P < 0.05). Positive correlation was found between the beneficial microbes and SCFA levels pairwise with the intestinal barrier genes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, orally administrating MFGM during the first postnatal week stimulated SCFA-producing bacteria colonization and SCFA generation, enhanced intestinal barrier functions and consequently improved growth performance of neonatal piglets on 21 d. Our findings will provide new insights about MFGM intervention for microbial colonization and intestinal development of neonates during their early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Early Life Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100163, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Early Life Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100163, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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6
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Liu C, Huang S, Wu Z, Li T, Li N, Zhang B, Han D, Wang S, Zhao J, Wang J. Cohousing-mediated microbiota transfer from milk bioactive components-dosed mice ameliorate colitis by remodeling colonic mucus barrier and lamina propria macrophages. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-23. [PMID: 33789528 PMCID: PMC8018355 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1903826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) are highly abundant in breast milk, and have been shown to exhibit potent immunomodulatory effects. Yet, their role in the gut microbiota modulation in relation to colitis remains understudied. Since the mixtures of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) perfectly mimic the properties and functions of HMOs, the combination of MFGM, FOS, and GOS (CMFG) has therefore been developed and used in this study. Here, CMFG were pre-fed to mice for three weeks to investigate its preventive effect on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis. Moreover, CMFG-treated and vehicle-treated mice were cohoused to further elucidate the preventive role of the gut microbiota transfer in colitis. At the end of the study, 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiling, transcriptome sequencing, histological analysis, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis were conducted. Our results showed that CMFG pre-supplementation alleviated DSS-induced colitis as evidenced by decreased disease activity index (DAI) score, reduced body weight loss, increased colon length and mucin secretion, and ameliorated intestinal damage. Moreover, CMFG reduced macrophages in the colon, resulting in decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and MPO in the colon and circulation. Furthermore, CMFG altered the gut microbiota composition and promoted SCFAs production in DSS-induced colitis. Markedly, the cohousing study revealed that transfer of gut microbiota from CMFG-treated mice largely improved the DSS-induced colitis as evidenced by reduced intestinal damage and decreased macrophages infiltration in the colon. Moreover, transfer of the gut microbiota from CMFG-treated mice protected against DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and promotes SCFAs production, which showed to be associated with colitis amelioration. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the beneficial role of CMFG in the gastrointestinal diseases, and further provide evidence for the rational design of effective prophylactic functional diets in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Abd El‐Salam MH, El‐Shibiny S. Milk fat globule membrane: An overview with particular emphasis on its nutritional and health benefits. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Safinaz El‐Shibiny
- Dairy Department National Research Centre El‐Behous St Dokki Cairo Egypt
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8
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Brink LR, Lönnerdal B. Milk fat globule membrane: the role of its various components in infant health and development. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108465. [PMID: 32758540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding confers many benefits to the breast-fed infant which are reflected by better short-term and long-term outcomes as compared to formula-fed infants. Many components of breast milk are likely to contribute to these favorable outcomes, and there has recently been focus on the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). This fraction is a heterogenous mixture of proteins (many of them glycosylated), phospholipids, sphingolipids, gangliosides, choline, sialic acid and cholesterol which is lacking in infant formula as milk fat (which is also low in these components) is replaced by vegetable oils. Many of these components have been shown to have biological effects, and there is considerable evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials that providing bovine MFGM results in improved outcomes, in particular with regard to infections and neurodevelopment. Since bovine MFGM is commercially available, it is possible to add it to infant formula. There are, however, considerable variations in composition among commercial sources of bovine MFGM, and as it is not known which of the individual components provide the various bioactivities, it becomes important to critically review studies to date and to delineate the mechanisms behind the activities observed. In this review, we critically examine the preclinical and clinical studies on MFGM and its components in relation to resistance to infections, cognitive development, establishment of gut microbiota and infant metabolism, and discuss possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Brink
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 95616
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 95616.
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9
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Palmano KP, MacGibbon AKH, Gunn CA, Schollum LM. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bovine Milkfat Globule (MFGM)-derived Complex Lipid Fractions. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2089. [PMID: 32679677 PMCID: PMC7400859 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous health related properties have been reported for bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and its components. Here we present novel data on the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of various MFGM preparations which confirm and extend the concept of MFGM as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent. Cell-based assays were used to test the ability of MFGM preparations to modulate levels of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and neutrophil elastase. In rat models of arthritis, using MFGM fractions as dietary interventions, the phospholipid-enriched MFGM isolates were effective in reducing adjuvant-induced paw swelling while there was a tendency for the ganglioside-enriched isolate to reduce carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of MFGM, rather than residing in a single component, is contributed to by an array of components acting in concert against various inflammatory targets. This confirms the potential of MFGM as a nutritional intervention for the mitigation of chronic and acute inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate P. Palmano
- Retired from Fonterra Research & Development Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | | | - Caroline A. Gunn
- Fonterra Research & Development Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.A.G.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Linda M. Schollum
- Fonterra Research & Development Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.A.G.); (L.M.S.)
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10
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Thum C, Young W, Montoya CA, Roy NC, McNabb WC. In vitro Fermentation of Digested Milk Fat Globule Membrane From Ruminant Milk Modulates Piglet Ileal and Caecal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2020; 7:91. [PMID: 32733910 PMCID: PMC7363764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids in milk are secreted as a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a trilayer membrane, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). This membrane, known to have important roles in infant brain and intestinal development, is composed of proteins, glycoproteins, and complex lipids. We hypothesized that some of the beneficial properties of MFGM are due to its effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota. This study aimed to determine the effect of a commercial phospholipid concentrate (PC) and enriched bovine, caprine, and ovine MFGM fractions on ileal and hindgut microbiota in vitro. Digestion of PC and MFGMs was conducted using an in vitro model based on infant gastric and small intestine conditions. The recovered material was then in vitro fermented with ileal and caecal inocula prepared from five piglets fed a commercial formula for 20 days before ileal and caecal digesta were collected. After each fermentation, samples were collected to determine organic acid production and microbiota composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. All substrates, except PC (5%), were primarily fermented by the ileal microbiota (8–14%) (P < 0.05). PC and caprine MFGM reduced ileal microbiota alpha diversity compared to ileal inoculum. Caprine MFGM increased and PC reduced the ileal ratio of firmicutes:proteobacteria (P < 0.05), respectively, compared to the ileal inoculum. Bovine and ovine MFGMs increased ileal production of acetic, butyric, and caproic acids compared to other substrates and reduced the proportions of ileal proteobacteria (P < 0.0001). There was a limited fermentation of bovine (3%), caprine (2%), and ovine (2%) MFGMs by the caecal microbiota compared to PC (14%). In general, PC and all MFGMs had a reduced effect on caecal microbiota at a phylum level although MFG source-specific effects were observed at the genus level. These indicate that the main effects of the MFGM in the intestinal microbial population appears to occur in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Thum
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A Montoya
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Lee H, Padhi E, Hasegawa Y, Larke J, Parenti M, Wang A, Hernell O, Lönnerdal B, Slupsky C. Compositional Dynamics of the Milk Fat Globule and Its Role in Infant Development. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:313. [PMID: 30460213 PMCID: PMC6232911 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is uniquely optimized for the needs of the developing infant. Its composition is complex and dynamic, driven primarily by maternal genetics, and to a lesser extent by diet and environment. One important component that is gaining attention is the milk fat globule (MFG). The MFG is composed of a triglyceride-rich core surrounded by a tri-layer membrane, also known as the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) that originates from mammary gland epithelia. The MFGM is enriched with glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and proteins, some of which are glycosylated, and are known to exert numerous biological roles. Mounting evidence suggests that the structure of the MFG and bioactive components of the MFGM may benefit the infant by aiding in the structural and functional maturation of the gut through the provision of essential nutrients and/or regulating various cellular events during infant growth and immune education. Further, antimicrobial peptides and surface carbohydrate moieties surrounding the MFG might have a pivotal role in shaping gut microbial populations, which in turn may promote protection against immune and inflammatory diseases early in life. This review seeks to: (1) understand the components of the MFG, as well as maternal factors including genetic and lifestyle factors that influence its characteristics; (2) examine the potential role of this milk component on the intestinal immune system; and (3) delineate the mechanistic roles of the MFG in infant intestinal maturation and establishment of the microbiota in the alimentary canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Emily Padhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jules Larke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mariana Parenti
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Aidong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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12
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Placing pasteurisation before or after microfiltration impacts the protein composition of milk fat globule membrane material. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Polar lipid composition of bioactive dairy co-products buttermilk and butterserum: Emphasis on sphingolipid and ceramide isoforms. Food Chem 2018; 240:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Benmoussa A, Ly S, Shan ST, Laugier J, Boilard E, Gilbert C, Provost P. A subset of extracellular vesicles carries the bulk of microRNAs in commercial dairy cow's milk. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1401897. [PMID: 29904572 PMCID: PMC5994974 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1401897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small gene-regulatory RNAs that are found in various biological fluids, including milk, where they are often contained inside extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes. In a previous study, we reported that commercial dairy cow's milk microRNAs resisted simulated digestion and were not exclusively associated with canonical exosomes. Here, we report the characterization of a milk EV subset that sediments at lower ultracentrifugation speeds and that contains the bulk of microRNAs. Milk EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and Iodixanol density gradient (IDG), and analysed for (1) microRNA enrichment by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and (2) EV-associated proteins by Western blot. Milk EVs were characterized further by dynamic light scattering (DLS), density measurements, fluorescent DiR and RNA labelling, high-sensitivity flow cytometry (HS-FCM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), proteinase K and RNase A assay, and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We found that the bulk of milk microRNAs (e.g., bta-miR-125b, bta-miR-148a, etc.) sediment at 12,000 g and 35,000 g. Their distribution pattern was different from that of exosome-enriched proteins, but similar to that of several proteins commonly found in milk fat globule membranes (MFGM), including xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). These low-speed ultracentrifugation pellets contained cytoplasm-enclosing phospholipid bilayered membrane vesicles of a density comprised between 1.11 and 1.14 g/mL in Iodixanol. This milk EV subset of ~100 nm in diameter/~200 nm hydrodynamic size resisted to proteinase K digestion and protected their microRNA content from RNase A digestion. Our results support the existence of a milk EV subset pelleting at low ultracentrifugations speeds, with a protein coating comparable with MFGM, which contains and protects the bulk of milk microRNAs from degradation. This milk EV subset may represent a new EV population of interest, whose content in microRNAs and proteins supports its potential bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Benmoussa
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sophia Ly
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Si Ting Shan
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jonathan Laugier
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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15
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Arranz E, Guri A, Fornari T, Mendiola J, Reglero G, Corredig M. In vitro uptake and immune functionality of digested Rosemary extract delivered through food grade vehicles. Food Res Int 2017; 97:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Arranz E, Corredig M. Invited review: Milk phospholipid vesicles, their colloidal properties, and potential as delivery vehicles for bioactive molecules. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4213-4222. [PMID: 28343627 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a unique colloidal assembly of phospholipids and proteins, with numerous potential applications as functional ingredient. The phospholipid components of the MFGM are gaining interest as they are a useful matrix for use as a constituent of delivery systems such as liposomes. Liposomes formulated with milk phospholipids are becoming an alternative to other sources of phospholipids such as soybean or egg yolk. However, incorporation of phospholipids fractionated from the milk fat globule membrane in dairy products requires an in-depth understanding of the functional properties of phospholipids. In particular, it is critical to understand which factors play a role in their stability and bioefficacy as delivery systems. Moreover, chemical and physical modifications of phospholipid liposomes occurring during digestion and the fate of the encapsulated compounds are very important to understand. This review discusses recent findings on the structure and functionality of MFGM, the bioactivity of the phospholipids fraction, their utilization as delivery systems, and their stability through gastrointestinal transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arranz
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M Corredig
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Gay Lea Foods, Research and Development, Speedvale Avenue W, Guelph, ON, N1H 1J5, Canada.
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Le Huërou-Luron I, Bouzerzour K, Ferret-Bernard S, Ménard O, Le Normand L, Perrier C, Le Bourgot C, Jardin J, Bourlieu C, Carton T, Le Ruyet P, Cuinet I, Bonhomme C, Dupont D. A mixture of milk and vegetable lipids in infant formula changes gut digestion, mucosal immunity and microbiota composition in neonatal piglets. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:463-476. [PMID: 27744547 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although composition of infant formula has been significantly improved during the last decade, major differences with the composition and structure of breast milk still remain and might affect nutrient digestion and gut biology. We hypothesized that the incorporation of dairy fat in infant formulas could modify their physiological impacts by making their composition closer to that of human milk. The effect of milk fat and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fragments in infant formulas on gut digestion, mucosal immunity and microbiota composition was evaluated. METHODS Three formulas containing either (1) vegetable lipids stabilized only by proteins (V-P), (2) vegetable lipids stabilized by a mixture of proteins and MFGM fragments (V-M) and (3) a mixture of milk and vegetable lipids stabilized by a mixture of proteins and MFGM fragments (M-M) were automatically distributed to 42 newborn piglets until slaughter at postnatal day (PND) 7 or 28, and compared to a fourth group of sow's suckling piglets (SM) used as a breast-fed reference. RESULTS At both PND, casein and β-lactoglobulin digestion was reduced in M-M proximal jejunum and ileum contents compared to V-P and V-M ones leading to more numerous β-Cn peptides in M-M contents. The IFNγ cytokine secretion of ConA-stimulated MLN cells from M-M piglets tended to be higher than in V-P ones at PND 7 and PND 28 and was closer to that of SM piglets. No dietary treatment effect was observed on IL-10 MLN cell secretion. Changes in faecal microbiota in M-M piglets resulted in an increase in Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Firmicutes phyla compared to V-P ones. M-M piglets showed higher abundances of Parabacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella and Klebsiella genus. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of both milk fat and MFGM fragments in infant formula modifies protein digestion, the dynamic of the immune system maturation and the faecal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Le Huërou-Luron
- UR1341 ADNC, INRA, Domaine de la Prise, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,UR1341 ADNC, INRA, Domaine de la Prise, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.
| | - Karima Bouzerzour
- UMR1253 STLO, INRA, 35000, Rennes, France.,UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Olivia Ménard
- UMR1253 STLO, INRA, 35000, Rennes, France.,UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Cécile Perrier
- UR1341 ADNC, INRA, Domaine de la Prise, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Cindy Le Bourgot
- UR1341 ADNC, INRA, Domaine de la Prise, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Julien Jardin
- UMR1253 STLO, INRA, 35000, Rennes, France.,UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Bourlieu
- UMR1253 STLO, INRA, 35000, Rennes, France.,UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Didier Dupont
- UMR1253 STLO, INRA, 35000, Rennes, France.,UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
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Xu S, Walkling-Ribeiro M, Griffiths M, Corredig M. Pulsed electric field processing preserves the antiproliferative activity of the milk fat globule membrane on colon carcinoma cells. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2867-74. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The complex biochemical composition and physical structure of the milk fat globule (MFG) are presented as a basis for its paradoxical metabolic fate: MFG is a rapid conveyor of energy through its triacylglycerol (TAG) core but contains some low-digestible bioactive complex lipids and proteins, which influence lipid metabolism and contribute to intestinal and systemic health. RECENT FINDINGS MFG structure modulates gastrointestinal lipolysis, postprandial lipemia and even the postprandial fate of ingested fatty acids. Proof-of-concept of the nutritional programming induced by early consumption of an emulsion biomimetic of MFG compared with a typical infant formula was published in an animal model (mice). The metabolic response to a high-fat diet during adulthood was improved following neonatal exposure to the biomimetic emulsion. SUMMARY MFG TAG are tailored with a unique regiodistribution delivering in priority short to medium-chain fatty acids in gastric phase, an important amount of quickly metabolizable oleic acid and protecting palmitic acid in sn-2 position. MFG digestion may not only trigger rapid TAG and chylomicron plasma peaks with fast clearance but also the luminal release of nonhydrolysable bioactive compounds (glycosylated compounds and sphingomyelin), which contribute to intestinal and systemic health by shaping the microbiota and modulating the immune system. These bioactive compounds form self-assembled structures, protect specific micronutrients and lower cholesterol absorption. The health benefits of MFG consumption or of some of its fractions (MFGM) under specific structures are steadily being demonstrated with still much unsolved questions especially for populations with high nutritional needs (e.g. elderly, infants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bourlieu
- aINRA, UMR1253, STLO, Rennes bINRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
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