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Peng H, Li H, Li X, Wei B, Du Z, Wei G, Wang S. Determination of multi-residue pesticides in dairy products using single-step emulsification/demulsification clean-up strategy combined with low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 458:140246. [PMID: 38954952 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, sensitive, and rapid method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 99 kinds of pesticides in fatty milk samples. This novel emulsification-demulsification clean-up approach, coupled with an automatic demulsification-dehydration cartridge, allowed rapid single-step clean-up operation and high throughput. It also achieved effective and selective removal of lipids. The analysis was performed using low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS). Based on the optimal conditions, the targeted pesticides showed good linearity in the range of 5-250 μg/kg, with recoveries of 70-120% at spiking levels of 5, 10, and 20 μg/kg in cow milk, goat milk, and almond milk, respectively. The limit of quantification for most pesticides was 5 μg/kg, and the RSDs were lower than 20%. Analysis of real dairy products obtained from local markets revealed a potential risk in plant-derived almond milk, but no significant risks were found for cow and goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bochen Wei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenxia Du
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guoying Wei
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Yang X, Wang J, Chang G, Sun C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Post-synthetic modification of covalent organic framework for efficient adsorption of organochlorine pesticides from cattle's milk. Food Chem 2024; 439:138182. [PMID: 38100880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in milk faces a significant challenge. Herein, a sea urchin structured covalent organic framework bearing boric acid groups named COF-B(OH)2 was synthesized and applied as a coating material for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of the OCPs in cattle's milk. Its performance was superior to that of three commonly used commercial SPME fibers, which could be due to the coexistence of hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, π-stacking and electrostatic interactions. Besides, the fiber coating displayed good stability and reusability. After optimization, a COF-B(OH)2 based SPME coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection was established for the sensitive detection of the OCPs from milk samples. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were between 0.04 and 1.00 μg kg-1. Satisfactory accuracy was achieved with the method recoveries in the range of 87.5 % to 112.5 %. These results manifest the feasibility of the COF-B(OH)2 coated fiber for the enrichment of the trace OCPs from milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guifen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Cuihong Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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3
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Accurate Determination of Pesticide Residues in Milk by Sonication-QuEChERS Extraction and LC-LTQ/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A modified, quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure combined with sonication and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–Orbitrap-MS) was developed as a sensitive and reliable methodology for the determination of multiclass pesticides in full-fat milk. Different amounts of EMR-lipid sorbent were assayed for the cleanup step in order to achieve both acceptably high recoveries and low co-extractives in the final extracts. Accurate mass measurements of the analyte’s pseudo-molecular ions and tandem MS fragmentation were used to quantify and identify the target pesticides. Analytical performance characteristics of the method, such as linearity, recovery, precision, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), matrix effects (ME), and expanded uncertainty, have been determined for method validation fulfilling all criteria for its use as a validated routine method. The method was successfully applied to real samples (by local farms and commercial), revealing the presence of carbendazim in one milk sample at a concentration level below the maximum residue limits.
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Wahab S, Muzammil K, Nasir N, Khan MS, Ahmad MF, Khalid M, Ahmad W, Dawria A, Reddy LKV, Busayli AM. Advancement and New Trends in Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1106. [PMID: 35567107 PMCID: PMC9105315 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is a rising challenge worldwide due to the expanding population and the need to produce food to feed the growing population. At the same time, pesticide residues found in high concentrations in fresh agriculture pose a significant threat to food safety. Presently, crop output is being increased by applying herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, nematicides, and soil amendments. A combination of factors, including bioaccumulation, widespread usage, selective toxicity, and stability, make pesticides among the most toxic compounds polluting the environment. They are especially harmful in vegetables and fruits because people are exposed to them. Thus, it is critical to monitor pesticide levels in fruits and vegetables using all analytical techniques available. Any evaluation of the condition of pesticide contamination in fruits and vegetables necessitates knowledge of maximum residue levels (MRLs). We set out the problems in determining various types of pesticides in vegetables and fruits, including the complexity and the diversity of matrices in biological materials. This review examines the different analytical techniques to determine the target analytes that must be isolated before final consumption. Many processes involved determining pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed with recommendations. Furthermore, MRLs of target pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples are discussed in the context of data from the literature. The review also examines MRLs' impact on the international trade of fruits and vegetables. Accurate, sensitive, and robust analytical procedures are critical to ensuring that pesticide levels in food products are effectively regulated. Despite advances in detection technology, effective sample preparation procedures for pesticide residue measurement in cereals and feedstuffs are still needed. In addition, these methods must be compatible with current analytical techniques. Multi-residue approaches that cover a wide range of pesticides are desired, even though pesticides' diverse natures, classes, and physio-chemical characteristics make such methods challenging to assemble. This review will be valuable to food analysts and regulatory authorities to monitor the quality and safety of fresh food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Nazim Nasir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adam Dawria
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Abdulrahman Mohammed Busayli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.M.B.)
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5
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Development of a High-Throughput Screening Analysis for 195 Pesticides in Raw Milk by Modified QuEChERS Sample Preparation and Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a simple, high-throughput method based on modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) followed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS) for the rapid determination of multi-class pesticide residues in raw milk. With acidified acetonitrile as the extraction solvent, the raw milk samples were pretreated with the modified QuEChERS method, including extraction, salting-out, freezing, and clean-up processes. The target pesticides were acquired in a positive ion electrospray ionization mode and an All ions MS/MS mode. The developed method was validated, and good performing characteristics were achieved. The screening detection limits (SDL) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) for all the pesticides ranged within 0.1–20 and 0.1–50 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of all analytes ranged from 70.0% to 120.0% at three spiked levels (1 × LOQ, 2 × LOQ, and 10 × LOQ), with relative standard deviations less than 20.0%. The coefficient of determination was greater than 0.99 within the calibration linearity range for the detected 195 pesticides. The method proved the simple, rapid, high throughput screening and quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in raw milk.
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Sana S, Qadir A, Mumtaz M, Evans NP, Ahmad SR. Spatial trends and human health risks of organochlorinated pesticides from bovine milk; a case study from a developing country, Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130110. [PMID: 33725621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bovine milk is a nutritious food commodity extensively produced and consumed in Punjab, Pakistan. This study assesses the concentration profile of organochlorine pesticides (OCP; 18 compounds) in buffaloes and cow's milk in eight major districts of Punjab, Pakistan and the potential impacts of such exposure. The total OCPs in buffaloes and cow's milk samples ranged from 3.93 to 27.63 ng mL-1 and 14.64-77.93 ng mL-1 respectively. The overall pattern of mean OCPs concentration in buffaloes and cows milk showed that Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are predominant followed by Heptachlors and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs). So far, the concentration profile depicted that ∑HCHs, ∑DDTs and ∑Heptachlors did not exceed the maximum residual limits set for buffaloes and cow's milk. The spatial trends in terms of cluster analysis depicted significant variation (p > 0.05) among the districts in one cluster probably owing to local conditions. Furthermore, recently used DDTs were also identified at some of the selected districts. The risk assessment suggests that the estimated daily intake for each OCP was in accordance with the acceptable daily intake, thus single compound exposure does not pose a significant carcinogenic risk. However, the hazard ratios indicated that the values for ∑DDTs posed risk in adults consuming cow's milk whereas children may face carcinogenic risk on the consumption of both buffalo and cow's milk. The risk may be altered where mixture is considered, furthermore, regarding carcinogenic risks a continuous monitoring based ecological analysis is recommended in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sana
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Neil P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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7
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Accelerated solvent extraction-gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapid detection of clotrimazole residue in animal-derived food. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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8
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Covaciu FD, Floare-Avram V, Magdas DA, David AP, Marincas O. Distribution and Fate of Persistent Organochlorine Pesticides on the Soil-Forage-Milk Chain in Three Transylvanian Farms. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1749650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florina D. Covaciu
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Veronica Floare-Avram
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana A. Magdas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cluster Agro-Food-Ind Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana P. David
- Department of Technical and Soil Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- SC AgroCosm Fan SA, Sannicoara, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olivian Marincas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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9
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Souza R, Fernández P, Muela A, Cesio MV, Heinzen H, Pareja L. Development of a Methodology for the Simultaneous Analysis of Multiclass Contaminants in Milk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Li A, Derkho M, Tuyakova R, Iwaniuk P, Lozowicka B. Impact of DDT residues in feed on thyroid gland and liver secretory activity of Aberdeen-Angus cattle depending on cattle age and sex. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/128209/2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Qie Z, Huang Z, Gao Z, Meng W, Zhu Y, Xiao R, Wang S. Pretreatment-Integration for Milk Protein Removal and Device-Facilitated Immunochromatographic Assay for 17 Items. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11630. [PMID: 31406133 PMCID: PMC6690872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and comprehensive immunochromatographic assay (ICA) data are urgently required in the daily supervision of plants, schools, testing institutions, and law-enforcing departments. Through pretreatment-integration and device-facilitated operation, a quantitative ICA with high sensitivity and throughput was realized on the basis of a commercialized semi-quantitative ICA strip. Three pretreatment methods, namely, acid base, heavy metal salt, and organic solvent methods, have less than three steps. The pretreatment was established for protein removal. A total of 17 pretreated ICA items in milk were considered for the identification of the most suitable pretreatment method. The items are composed of six items pretreated by the acid-base method, six by the heavy salt method, and five by the organic solvent method. Then, the ICA results with pretreatment were compared with those without pretreatment. After pretreatment, the signal intensity increased by 39%, the detection limit decreased to 12%, the half maximal inhibitory concentration decreased to 18%, and the detection range increased fourfold. A device with mixing and centrifugation functions was designed for the pretreatment-related operations. A pre-incubation sampling device was used to facilitate incubation in batch and high-throughput detection. An ICA reader was used. The detection throughput reached 8 samples per batch or 32 samples per hour. The designed devices were printed through 3D printing and rapid prototyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Qie
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichen Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Meng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Chen JN, Lian YJ, Zhou YR, Wang MH, Zhang XQ, Wang JH, Wu YN, Wang ML. Determination of 107 Pesticide Residues in Wolfberry with Acetate-buffered Salt Extraction and Sin-QuEChERS Nano Column Purification Coupled with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162918. [PMID: 31408943 PMCID: PMC6719108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A multi-residue method for the determination of 107 pesticide residues in wolfberry has been developed and validated. Similar pretreatment approaches were compared, and the linearity, matrix effect, analysis limits, precision, stability and accuracy were validated, which verifies the satisfactory performance of this new method. The LODs and LOQs were in the range of 0.14–1.91 µg/kg and 0.46–6.37 µg/kg, respectively. The recovery of analytes at three fortification levels (10 µg/kg, 50 µg/kg, 100 µg/kg) ranged from 63.3–123.0%, 72.0–118.6% and 67.0–118.3%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 15.0%. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of fifty wolfberry samples collected from supermarkets, pharmacies and farmers’ markets in different cities of Shandong Province. One hundred percent of the samples analyzed included at least one pesticide, and a total of 26 pesticide residues was detected in fifty samples, which mainly were insecticides and bactericide. Several pesticides with higher detection rates were 96% for acetamiprid, 82% for imidacloprid, 54% for thiophanate-methyl, 50% for blasticidin-S, 42% for carbendazim, 42% for tebuconazole and 36% for difenoconazole in wolfberry samples. This study proved the adaptability of the developed method to the detection of multiple pesticide residues in wolfberry and provided basis for the research on the risks to wolfberry health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jing Lian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yi-Ran Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ming-Hui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xi-Qing Zhang
- Jieke Testing Service Co., Ltd., Yantai 265231, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Agricultural College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yong-Ning Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100017, China
| | - Ming-Lin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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13
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Shao B, Li H, Shen J, Wu Y. Nontargeted Detection Methods for Food Safety and Integrity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:429-455. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nontargeted workflows for chemical hazard analyses are highly desirable in the food safety and integrity fields to ensure human health. Two different analytical strategies, nontargeted metabolomics and chemical database filtering, can be used to screen unknown contaminants in food matrices. Sufficient mass and chromatographic resolutions are necessary for the detection of compounds and subsequent componentization and interpretation of candidate ions. Analytical chemistry–based technologies, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS), combined with chemometrics analysis are being used to generate molecular formulas of compounds of interest. The construction of a chemical database plays a crucial role in nontargeted detection. This review provides an overview of the current sample preparation, analytical chemistry–based techniques, and data analysis as well as the limitations and challenges of nontargeted detection methods for analyzing complex food matrices. Improvements in sample preparation and analytical platforms may enhance the relevance of food authenticity, quality, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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14
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Quantification techniques for important environmental contaminants in milk and dairy products. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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David F, Devos C, Dumont E, Yang Z, Sandra P, Huertas-Pérez JF. Determination of pesticides in fatty matrices using gel permeation clean-up followed by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis: A comparison of low- and high-pressure gel permeation columns. Talanta 2017; 165:201-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Amelin VG, Lavrukhina OI. Food safety assurance using methods of chemical analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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QuEChERS-based extraction with dispersive solid phase extraction clean-up using PSA and ZrO2-based sorbents for determination of pesticides in bovine milk samples by HPLC-DAD. Food Chem 2017; 217:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Čechová E, Seifertová M, Kukučka P, Vojta Š, Quaak I, de Cock M, van de Bor M, Kočan A. An effective clean-up technique for GC/EI-HRMS determination of developmental neurotoxicants in human breast milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1311-1322. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Mousavi MM, Nemati M, Alizadeh Nabili AA, mahmoudpour M, Arefhosseini S. Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as effective tool for trace analysis of organochlorine pesticide residues in honey samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Jawaid S, Talpur FN, Nizamani SM, Khaskheli AA, Afridi HI. Multipesticide residue levels in UHT and raw milk samples by GC-μECD after QuEChER extraction method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:230. [PMID: 26992902 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, milk samples including raw and ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed milk were analyzed for pesticide residue levels, including five pesticides, viz chloripyrifos, endosulfan (α and β), profenofos and bifenthrin by gas chromatography microelectron capture detector (GC-μECD) after extraction by QuEChERS method. Further confirmation of the pesticide residue was done by GC-MS. The pesticide residual level in raw and UHT milk samples (n = 70) was determined in the range of 0.1-30 μg L(-1). All UHT processed milk samples contain pesticide residues within permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO); however, among raw milk samples, chloripyrifos (12 %), α (24 %), and β (14 %) endosulfan were found above the maximum residue limit (MRL). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of these four pesticide residues were also calculated as 1.32, 16.16, 5.30, 10.20, and 9.93 μg kg(-1) body weight for chloripyrifos, endosulfan α, profenofos, endosulfan β, and bifenthrin, respectively. It is concluded that the raw milk samples showed higher prevalence of pesticide residues as compared to UHT processed milk. Graphical abstract Determination of pesticide residues in dairy milk by GC-μECD after QuEChERS extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Jawaid
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Farah N Talpur
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Shafi M Nizamani
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Abid A Khaskheli
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - H I Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
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Han Y, Zou N, Song L, Li Y, Qin Y, Liu S, Li X, Pan C. Simultaneous determination of 70 pesticide residues in leek, leaf lettuce and garland chrysanthemum using modified QuEChERS method with multi-walled carbon nanotubes as reversed-dispersive solid-phase extraction materials. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1005:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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