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Durante LI, Angeli E, Etchevers L, Notaro US, Rodríguez FM, Ortega HH, Marelli BE. Evaluation of the expression of growth hormone and its receptor during the resumption of postpartum ovarian follicle development in dairy cows. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100848. [PMID: 38199161 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Growth hormone is a key endocrine factor for metabolic adaptations to lactation and optimal reproductive function of the dairy cow. This study aimed to analyze the expression of GH and its receptor (GHR) in ovarian follicles, along with metabolic biomarkers, during the resumption of the postpartum follicular development, and to analyze the immunolocalization and protein expression of GH and GHR in preovulatory follicles. Thirty-six dairy cows were grouped according to the postpartum days (PPD) until the establishment of the first dominant follicle in: cows that established their first dominant follicle at fewer postpartum days (FPPD group; n = 15) and cows that established their first dominant follicle at more postpartum days (MPPD group; n = 22). For a second analysis, the same cows were regrouped according to the calving season (S), into cows calving in autumn (n = 20) and cows calving in winter (n = 17). During the PP, blood and follicular aspirates were obtained at two timepoints (T): when the first dominant follicle was established (T1, day 9 ± 2), and when the preovulatory follicle was established (T2, day 45 ± 2). Also, six dairy cows were ovariectomized in proestrus and ovarian histological sections were obtained. Growth hormone mRNA was detected in granulose cells from ovarian follicle sampled during PP. A PPD × T interaction was observed for GHR mRNA, where it was greater in the FPPD cows than in the MPPD cows at T1. Metabolic biomarkers and reproductive hormones showed differences or interaction between PPD, T, S, depending on the case. Also, GH and GHR were immunolocalized in granulosa and theca interna cells of preovulatory follicles. These results confirm the expression of GH and GHR in the mature ovarian follicles of dairy cows and show a possible association between greater GHR expression and an earlier resumption of postpartum follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Durante
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E Angeli
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L Etchevers
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - U S Notaro
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F M Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - B E Marelli
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Madureira AML, Plenio JL, Vasconcelos JLM, Guida TG, Cerri RLA, Borchardt S. Association between genomic daughter pregnancy rate and expected milk production on the resumption of estrus behavior in Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1592-1602. [PMID: 37944813 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this observational study was to evaluate estrous expression at the first estrus occurring between 7 to 30 d in milk (DIM), as detected by an automated activity monitor (AAM), and its association with genomic daughter pregnancy rate (GDPR) and genomic expected milk production (GEM) in lactating dairy cows. A total of 4,119 lactations from 2,602 Holstein cows were included. Cows were enrolled as first lactation (n = 1,168), second lactation (n = 1,525) and third and greater lactation (n = 1,426). Hair samples were collected from the tail switch, and cows were genotyped using an SNP platform (Clarifide, Zoetis, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). Postpartum cows were examined daily by the farm personnel from calving until 10 DIM. Calving was classified as assisted (forced calf extraction) and unassisted (normal calving). Retained fetal membranes (RFM), hyperketonemia (KET), and left displaced abomasum (LDA) were also recorded. Mean GDPR (± SD) was -0.29 ± 1.4, and the intensity and duration of the first estrus event was 15.9 ± 13.1 x-factor (intensity unit measurement) and 11.1 ± 3.8 h, respectively. Cows that had greater GDPR had greater intensity and longer duration of estrus at the alert, independent of parity. Overall resumption of estrous expression, between 7 to 30 DIM, was 41.2% (1,695/4,119), where 58.8% (2,424/4,119) did not have an estrus event, 31.0% (1,274/4,119) of cows had one event of estrus, and 10.2% (421/4,119) of cows had 2 or more events of estrus early postpartum. Mean DIM (± SD) at first estrus event, detected by the AAM, was 19.4 ± 4.4 d. Days in milk at first event for cows with one event was 20.7 ± 1.6 d and 15.9 ± 3.1 d for cows with 2 or more events of estrus. First lactation cows were more likely to have an estrus event early postpartum when compared with second and third and greater lactation cows (45.2 ± 1.4% [530/1168] vs. 41.6 ± 1.3% [636/1525] vs. 37.2 ± 1.3% [529/1426], respectively). There was an interaction of parity and GDPR on the proportion of cows demonstrating an early postpartum estrus. There was no difference in the proportion of cows with an early postpartum estrus between those with assisted or unassisted calving, RFM, or LDA. However, cows that had KET were less likely to have an alert early postpartum when compared with cows that did not have KET. Mean genomic expected milk production (± SD) was 256.8 ± 600.1 kg. There was no interaction between GEM and parity on estrous expression (i.e., intensity and duration). There was no interaction between GEM and GDPR on the proportion of estrus early postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M L Madureira
- University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, ON, Canada N0P 2C0
| | - J L Plenio
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168-000
| | - T G Guida
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168-000
| | - R L A Cerri
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - S Borchardt
- Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Talib M, Nabeel MA, Haq SU, Waqas MS, Jamil H, Aqib AI, Muneer A, Fouad D, Ataya FS. Recent Trends in S. aureus and E. coli-Based Endometritis, and the Therapeutic Evaluation of Sodium Alginate-Based Antibiotics and Nanoparticles. Gels 2023; 9:955. [PMID: 38131941 PMCID: PMC10742869 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum infection of the uterus by pathogenic bacteria is exacerbated due to a lack of sufficient epidemiological studies and evidence-based therapeutics. Therefore, this study was planned to find the prevalence, risk factors, and drug-resistance profile of S. aureus and E. coli isolated from bovine endometritis and to evaluate the antibacterial potential of sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles. The study revealed 34.21% S. aureus and 31.57% E. coli, whereas most of the assumed risk factors presented significant association in this study. S. aureus showed the highest resistance against fusidic acid (60%) and cefoxitin (50%), while the highest resistance in E. coli was found against fusidic acid (60%), gentamicin (60%), chloramphenicol (50%), and cefoxitin (50%). Tylosin coupled with MgO nanoparticles stabilized in sodium alginate gel (Tylo + MgO + gel) presented significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against E. coli, showing 13.88 ± 4.51 µg/mL after 24 h incubation. On the other hand, gel-based preparations showed MIC as 31.25 ± 0 µg/mL (Tylo + gel + MgO) and 26.04 ± 9.02 µg/mL (Tylo + Gel) against S. aureus. Generally, the MICs of non-gel-based preparations were significantly higher against bacteria except ampicillin against S. aureus in this study. The toxicity analysis of MgO nanoparticles presented 20-80% mortality of snails against a wider range of 0.01 mg/mL-10 mg/mL. The histopathological parameters concluded MgO nanoparticles safe to use on off targets. The current study thus concludes the rise in antimicrobial resistance while the gel-based products appearing as effective antimicrobials with sufficient safety margins for off-targets. The study thus invites further investigation for the development of suitable and affordable modified therapeutics for better health and production of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Talib
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.N.); (M.S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Muhammad Ashir Nabeel
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.N.); (M.S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Shahbaz Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
| | - Muhammad Salman Waqas
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.N.); (M.S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Huma Jamil
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.N.); (M.S.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Afshan Muneer
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Bretzinger L, Tippenhauer C, Plenio JL, Heuwieser W, Borchardt S. Effect of transition cow health and estrous expression detected by an automated activity monitoring system within 60 days in milk on reproductive performance of lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4429-4442. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Zhou X, Xu C, Wang H, Xu W, Zhao Z, Chen M, Jia B, Huang B. The Early Prediction of Common Disorders in Dairy Cows Monitored by Automatic Systems with Machine Learning Algorithms. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1251. [PMID: 35625096 PMCID: PMC9137925 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We use multidimensional data from automated monitoring systems and milking systems to predict disorders of dairy cows by employing eight machine learning algorithms. The data included the season, days in milking, parity, age at the time of disorders, milk yield (kg/day), activity (unitless), six variables related to rumination time, and two variables related to the electrical conductivity of milk. We analyze 131 sick cows and 149 healthy cows with identical lactation days and parity; all data are collected on the same day, which corresponds to the diagnosis day for disordered cows. For disordered cows, each variable, except the ratio of rumination time from daytime to nighttime, displays a decreasing/increasing trend from d-7 or d-3 to d0 and/or d-1, with the d0, d-1, or d-2 values reaching the minimum or maximum. The test data sensitivity for three algorithms exceeded 80%, and the accuracies of the eight algorithms ranged from 65.08% to 84.21%. The area under the curve (AUC) of the three algorithms was >80%. Overall, Rpart best predicts the disorders with an accuracy, precision, and AUC of 81.58%, 92.86%, and 0.908, respectively. The machine learning algorithms may be an appropriate and powerful decision support and monitoring tool to detect herds with common health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhou
- Department of Information and Computing Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China;
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Chuang Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihaer 161005, China; (H.W.); (B.J.); (B.H.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Mengxing Chen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Bin Jia
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihaer 161005, China; (H.W.); (B.J.); (B.H.)
| | - Baoyin Huang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihaer 161005, China; (H.W.); (B.J.); (B.H.)
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Pérez-Báez J, Risco CA, Chebel RC, Gomes GC, Greco LF, Tao S, Toledo IM, do Amaral BC, Zenobi MG, Martinez N, Dahl GE, Hernández JA, Prim JG, Santos JEP, Galvão KN. Investigating the Use of Dry Matter Intake and Energy Balance Prepartum as Predictors of Digestive Disorders Postpartum. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:645252. [PMID: 34604365 PMCID: PMC8481776 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.645252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One objective was to evaluate the association of dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight (DMI%BW) and energy balance (EB) prepartum and postpartum, and energy-corrected milk (ECM) postpatum with digestive disorders postpartum. For this, ANOVA was used, and DMI%BW, EB, and ECM were the outcome variables, and left displaced abomasum (LDA), indigestion, and other digestive disorders (ODDZ) were the explanatory variables. The main objective was to evaluate prepartum DMI%BW and EB as predictors of digestive disorders. For this, logistic regression was used, and LDA, indigestion, and ODDZ were the outcome variables and DMI%BW and EB were the explanatory variables. Data from 689 cows from 11 experiments were compiled. Left displaced abomasum was not associated with prepartum DMI%BW or EB. Postpartum data were normalized to the day of the event (day 0). Cows that developed LDA had lesser postpartum DMI%BW on days −24, −23, −12, −7 to 0 and from days 1 to 8, 10 to 12, and 14 and 16, lesser postpartum EB from days −7 to −5, −3 to 0, and 12, and lesser postpartum energy-corrected milk on days −19, −2, −1, 0, 7, 9, 10, 15, and 17 relative to diagnosis than cows without LDA. Cows that developed indigestion had lesser prepartum DMI%BW and EB than cows without indigestion, and lesser postpartum DMI%BW on days −24, −1, 0, 1, and 2, and greater DMI%BW on day 26, lesser ECM on days −24, −2, −1, 0, 1, and 2 relative to diagnosis. Postpartum EB was not associated with indigestion postpartum. Cows that developed ODDZ had lesser prepartum DMI%BW on day −8 and from days −5 to −2, lesser prepartum EB on day −8 and from days −5 to −2, and lesser postpartum DMI%BW than cows without ODDZ. Each 0.1 percentage point decrease in the average DMI%BW and each Mcal decrease in the average EB in the last 3 days prepartum increased the odds of having indigestion by 9% each. Cutoffs for DMI%BW and EB during the last 3 days prepartum to predict indigestion were established and were ≤1.3%/day and ≤0.68 Mcal/day, respectively. In summary, measures of prepartum DMI%BW and EB were associated with indigestion and ODDZ postpartum and were predictors of indigestion postpartum, although the effect sizes were small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanny Pérez-Báez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Carlos A Risco
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ricardo C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gabriel C Gomes
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Leandro F Greco
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sha Tao
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Izabella M Toledo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Bruno C do Amaral
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marcos G Zenobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalia Martinez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Geoffrey E Dahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jorge A Hernández
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica G Prim
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - José Eduardo P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Roth Z, Kressel YZ, Lavon Y, Kalo D, Wolfenson D. Administration of GnRH at Onset of Estrus, Determined by Automatic Activity Monitoring, to Improve Dairy Cow Fertility during the Summer and Autumn. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082194. [PMID: 34438650 PMCID: PMC8388439 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration at onset of estrus (OE), determined by automatic activity monitoring (AAM), to improve fertility of dairy cows during the summer and autumn. The study was performed on two dairy farms in Israel. The OE was determined by AAM recorded every 2 h, and a single im dose of GnRH analogue was administered shortly after OE. Pregnancy was determined by transrectal palpation, 40 to 45 d after artificial insemination (AI). Conception risk was analyzed by the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Brief visual observation of behavioral estrus indicated that about three-quarters of the events (n = 40) of visually detected OE occurred within 6 h of AAM-detected OE. Accordingly, the GnRH analogue was administered within 5 h of AAM-detected OE, to overlap with the expected endogenous preovulatory LH surge. Overall, pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was monitored over the entire experimental period (summer and autumn) in 233 first, second or third AI (116 and 117 AI for treated and control groups, respectively). Least square means of P/AI for treated (45.8%) and control (39.4%) groups did not differ, but group-by-season interaction tended to differ (p = 0.07), indicating no effect of treatment in the summer and a marked effect of GnRH treatment (n = 58 AI) compared to controls (n = 59 AI) on P/AI in the autumn (56.6% vs. 28.5%, p < 0.03). During the autumn, GnRH-treated mature cows (second or more lactations), and postpartum cows exhibiting metabolic and uterine diseases, tended to have much larger P/AI than their control counterparts (p = 0.07-0.08). No effect of treatment was recorded in the autumn in first parity cows or in uninfected, healthy cows. In conclusion, administration of GnRH within 5 h of AAM-determined OE improved conception risk in cows during the autumn, particularly in those exhibiting uterine or metabolic diseases postpartum and in mature cows. Incorporation of the proposed GnRH treatment shortly after AAM-detected OE into a synchronization program is suggested, to improve fertility of positively responding subpopulations of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (Z.R.); (Y.Z.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Yaron Z. Kressel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (Z.R.); (Y.Z.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Yaniv Lavon
- Israel Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea 38900, Israel;
| | - Dorit Kalo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (Z.R.); (Y.Z.K.); (D.K.)
| | - David Wolfenson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (Z.R.); (Y.Z.K.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-54-8820700
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Pattamanont P, Galvão KN, Marcondes MI, Clay JS, De Vries A. Associations between dry period length and time to culling and pregnancy in the subsequent lactation. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8885-8900. [PMID: 34053765 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The association between dry period length (DPL) and time to culling and pregnancy in the subsequent lactation may be important for the economically optimal length of the dry period. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) quantify the association between DPL and hazard of culling and pregnancy in the subsequent lactation; (2) develop continuous functions of DPL for the hazard ratios of culling and pregnancy; and (3) investigate the effect of a cause-specific hazards model and a subdistribution model to analyze competing events. The data used in this observational cohort study were from dairy herd improvement milk test lactation records from 40 states in the United States. After edits, there remained 1,108,515 records from 6,730 herds with the last days dry in 2014 or 2015. The records from 2 adjacent lactations (current, subsequent) were concatenated with the DPL of interest, 21 to 100 d, in between both lactations. We defined 8 DPL categories of 10 d each. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to show associations between DPL and time to culling or pregnancy for 3 lactation groups: lactation 1 and 2, lactation 2 and 3, and lactation 3 and greater. To control for confounding factors in Cox proportional models, we included 6 current lactation covariates and 3 time-dependent variables in the survival models. Hazard ratios of culling were estimated for 4 days in milk (DIM) categories from 1 to 450 DIM. Hazard ratios of pregnancy were estimated for 3 DIM categories from 61 to 300 DIM. Competing risk analysis of 8 disposal codes (i.e., farmer reported reasons) for culling and the culling event for pregnancy were conducted by a cause-specific hazards model and a subdistribution model. Hazard ratios were also estimated as quadratic polynomials of DPL. Compared with the reference DPL category of 51 to 60 d, hazard ratios of culling and pregnancy of the other 7 DPL categories ranged between 0.70 and 1.49, and 0.93 and 1.15, respectively. Short DPL were associated with lower risk of culling in the early lactation but not over the entire lactation. Short DPL were associated with greater hazard of pregnancy. Trends in hazard ratios over the ranges of the 8 DPL categories were not always consistent. Competing risk analysis with both models provided little differences in hazard ratios of culling and pregnancy. In conclusion, variations in DPL were associated with meaningful differences in the hazard ratios for culling and pregnancy and minor differences in the relative frequency of disposal codes. Subdistribution hazards models produced hazard ratios similar to cause-specific hazard models. The quadratic polynomials may be useful for decision support on customization of DPL for individual cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pattamanont
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - M I Marcondes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-001 Brazil
| | - J S Clay
- Dairy Records Management Systems, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27603
| | - A De Vries
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
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9
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Borchardt S, Tippenhauer CM, Plenio JL, Bartel A, Madureira AML, Cerri RLA, Heuwieser W. Association of estrous expression detected by an automated activity monitoring system within 40 days in milk and reproductive performance of lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9195-9204. [PMID: 33985771 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this observational study was to evaluate the association of estrous expression within 40 days in milk (DIM) using a neck-mounted automated activity monitor (Heatime Pro; SCR Engineers Ltd.) with reproductive performance in lactating Holstein cows. A total of 2,077 cows (614 primiparous cows and 1,463 multiparous cows) from 5 commercial dairy farms were included in the statistical analyses. Activity data from the first 7 d after calving were excluded. An estrus event was defined as an activity change index ≥35 for more than 2 h. Cows were classified according to the number of estrus events from d 7 until d 40 postpartum into 3 categories: (1) no estrus event (Estrus0); (2) one estrus event (Estrus1), and (3) 2 or more estrus events (Estrus2). Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze continuous and categorical data. Shared frailty models were used for time to event data. Overall, 52.7% of cows had no estrus event detected by an automated activity monitor system from d 7 until d 40 postpartum. Herd level prevalence of Estrus0 ranged from 37.5 to 58.4%. Estrous expression from d 7 until d 40 postpartum affected estrous duration and estrous intensity at first artificial insemination (AI). Cows in Estrus0 had the shortest duration (13.2 ± 0.33 h) compared with cows in Estrus1 (13.8 ± 0.36 h) and Estrus2 (14.8 ± 0.41 h). Cows in Estrus2 had a longer estrous duration at first postpartum AI compared with cows in Estrus1. Among Estrus0 cows, 46.2% had an estrus event with high intensity at first postpartum AI. Among cows in Estrus1 and Estrus2, 50.8 and 53.8% had an estrus event with high intensity at first postpartum AI, respectively. There was a significant difference between Estrus2 and Estrus0 and a tendency between Estrus0 and Estrus1. There was no difference between Estrus1 and Estrus2. For Estrus0, Estrus1, and Estrus2 cows, pregnancy per AI was 29.4, 30.9, and 37.8%, respectively. There was a significant difference between Estrus0 and Estrus2 and Estrus1 and Estrus2. There was no difference between Estrus0 and Estrus1. Estrous expression from d 7 until d 40 postpartum affected time to first AI and time to pregnancy. Compared with Estrus0 cows, cows in Estrus1 [hazard risk (HR) = 1.74] and Estrus2 (HR = 1.77) had an increased hazard of being inseminated within 100 DIM. There was no difference between Estrus1 and Estrus2. Median DIM to first AI were 70, 59, and 58 for cows in Estrus0, Estrus1, and Estrus2, respectively. Compared with Estrus0 cows, cows in Estrus1 (HR = 1.28) and Estrus2 (HR = 1.33) had an increased hazard of becoming pregnant within 200 DIM. There was no difference between Estrus1 and Estrus2. Median DIM to pregnancy were 127, 112, and 103 for Estrus0 cows, Estrus1 and Estrus2, respectively. In conclusion, cows with no estrous expression from 7 to 40 DIM had reduced estrous expression at first AI and inferior reproductive performance compared with cows that displayed estrous activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Borchardt
- Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - C M Tippenhauer
- Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - J-L Plenio
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Bartel
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - A M L Madureira
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - R L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - W Heuwieser
- Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Civiero M, Cabezas-Garcia EH, Ribeiro-Filho HMN, Gordon AW, Ferris CP. Relationships between energy balance during early lactation and cow performance, blood metabolites, and fertility: A meta-analysis of individual cow data. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7233-7251. [PMID: 33685685 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to contribute to the understanding of the relationships between energy balance (EB) in early lactation [4 to 21 d in milk (DIM)] and fertility traits [interval to start of luteal activity (SLA), interval to first observed heat (FOH), and conception to first artificial insemination (AI)], and their associated relationships with cow performance and blood metabolites between 4 to 150 DIM. Individual cow data (488 primiparous and 1,020 multiparous lactations) from 27 experiments was analyzed. Data on cow performance, EB (on a metabolizable energy basis), and fertility traits were available for all cows, whereas milk progesterone data (to determine SLA) and periodic blood metabolite data were available for 1,042 and 1,055 lactations, respectively. Data from primiparous and multiparous cows were analyzed separately, with the data sets for the 2 parity groups divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) according to the average EB during 4 to 21 DIM (EB range for Q1 to Q4: primiparous, -120 to -49, -49 to -24, -24 to -3, and -3 to 92 MJ/d, respectively: multiparous, -191 to -79, -79 to -48, -48 to -22, and -22 to 93 MJ/d, respectively). Differences between EB quartiles for production and fertility traits were compared. In early lactation (4 to 21 DIM), moving from Q1 to Q4 mean DMI and metabolizable energy intake increased whereas mean ECM decreased. During the same period, moving from Q1 to Q4 milk fat content, milk fat-to-protein ratio, and plasma nonesterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations decreased, whereas milk protein content and plasma glucose concentrations increased in both primiparous and multiparous cows. When examined over the entire experimental period (4 to 150 DIM), many of the trends in intakes and milk production remained, although the magnitude of the difference between quartiles was much reduced, whereas milk fat content did not differ between quartiles in primiparous cows. The percentage of cows with FOH before 42 DIM increased from Q1 to Q4 (from 46 to 72% in primiparous cows, and from 41 to 58% in multiparous cows). Interval from calving to SLA and to FOH decreased with increasing EB during 4 to 21 DIM, with these occurring 9.8 and 10.2 d earlier, respectively, in Q4 compared with Q1 (primiparous cows), and 7.4 and 5.9 d earlier, respectively, in Q4 compared with Q1 (multiparous cows). For each 10 MJ/d decrease in mean EB during 4 to 21 DIM, FOH was delayed by 1.2 and 0.8 d in primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively. However, neither days to first AI nor the percentage of cows that conceived to first AI were affected by daily EB during 4 to 21 DIM in either primiparous or multiparous cows, and this is likely to reflect a return to a less metabolically stressed status at the time of AI. These results demonstrate that interval from calving to SLA and to FOH were reduced with increasing EB in early lactation, whereas early lactation EB had no effect on conception to the first service.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Civiero
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom; Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, Brazil, 88520-000.
| | - E H Cabezas-Garcia
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom.
| | - H M N Ribeiro-Filho
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, Brazil, 88520-000
| | - A W Gordon
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Co. Antrim, BT9 5PX, United Kingdom
| | - C P Ferris
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
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11
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Pérez-Báez J, Silva TV, Risco CA, Chebel RC, Cunha F, De Vries A, Santos JEP, Lima FS, Pinedo P, Schuenemann GM, Bicalho RC, Gilbert RO, Rodrigez-Zas S, Seabury CM, Rosa G, Thatcher WW, Galvão KN. The economic cost of metritis in dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3158-3168. [PMID: 33455790 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of metritis in dairy herds. Data from 11,733 dairy cows from 16 different farms located in 4 different regions of the United States were compiled for up to 305 d in milk, and 11,581 cows (2,907 with and 8,674 without metritis) were used for this study. Metritis was defined as fetid, watery, red-brownish vaginal discharge that occurs ≤21 d in milk. Continuous outcomes such as 305-d milk production, milk sales ($/cow), cow sales ($/cow), metritis treatment costs ($/cow), replacement costs ($/cow), reproduction costs ($/cow), feeding costs ($/cow), and gross profit per cow ($/cow) were analyzed using mixed effect models using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Gross profit was also compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Dichotomous outcomes such as pregnant and culling by 305 d in milk were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Time to pregnancy and culling were analyzed using the PHREG procedure of SAS. Models included the fixed effects of metritis, parity, and the interaction between metritis and parity, and farm as the random effect. Variables were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05. Metritis cost was calculated by subtracting the gross profit of cows with metritis from the gross profit of cows without metritis. A stochastic analysis was performed with 10,000 iterations using the observed results from each group. Milk yield and proportion of cows pregnant were lesser for cows with metritis than for cows without metritis, whereas the proportion of cows leaving the herd was greater for cows with metritis than for cows without metritis. Milk sales, feeding costs, residual cow value, and gross profit were lesser for cows with metritis than for cows without metritis. Cow sales and replacement costs were greater for cows with metritis than for cows without metritis. The mean cost of metritis from the study herds was $511 and the median was $398. The stochastic analysis showed that the mean cost of a case of metritis was $513, with 95% of the scenarios ranging from $240 to $884, and that milk price, treatment cost, replacement cost, and feed cost explained 59%, 19%, 12%, and 7%, respectively, of the total variation in cash flow differences. In conclusion, metritis caused large economic losses to dairy herds by decreasing milk production, reproduction, and survival in the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pérez-Báez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - T V Silva
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - C A Risco
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - A De Vries
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802
| | - P Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521
| | - G M Schuenemann
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - R C Bicalho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - R O Gilbert
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - S Rodrigez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61802
| | - C M Seabury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
| | - G Rosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
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12
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Gusterer E, Kanz P, Krieger S, Schweinzer V, Süss D, Lidauer L, Kickinger F, Öhlschuster M, Auer W, Drillich M, Iwersen M. Sensor technology to support herd health monitoring: Using rumination duration and activity measures as unspecific variables for the early detection of dairy cows with health deviations. Theriogenology 2020; 157:61-69. [PMID: 32805643 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of lactating dairy cows are affected by health disorders in the early postpartum period. Precision dairy farming technologies have tremendous potential to support farmers in detecting disordered cows before clinical manifestation of a disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate if activity and rumination measures obtained by a commercial 3D-accelerometer system, i.e. "lying", "high active", "inactive", and "rumination" times, can be used for early identification of cows with health deviations before the clinical manifestation of disease. A total of 312 Holstein cows equipped with an ear attached accelerometer (Smartbow GmbH, Weibern, Austria) were monitored and analyzed from 14 days prior to parturition to eight days in milk (DIM). Animals were checked daily for clinical disorders from zero to eight DIM using standard operating procedures and by blood β-hydroxybutyrate measurements at three, five, and eight DIM. Cows that presented no symptoms of health problems and with BHB concentrations <1.2 mmol/L in the first eight DIM were classified as healthy (n = 156) and used as the reference in this study. Cows with disorders were allocated in groups with one disorder (n = 65) and >1 disorders (n = 91). "Rumination" durations per day were already shorter five days before the clinical diagnosis (D0) in diseased cows (401.9 ± 147.4 min/day) compared with healthy controls (434.6 ± 140.3 min/day). "Rumination" time decreased before the diagnosis, with a nadir at Day -1 for healthy cows and cows with >1 disorder (392.0 ± 147.9 vs. 313.4 ± 162.6 min/day). Cows with one disorder reached a nadir on Day -3 (388.8 ± 158.6 min/day). Similarly, the "high active" time started to become shorter three days before the clinical diagnosis in diseased cows compared to healthy cows (164.1 ± 119.1 vs. 200.3 ± 111.5 min/day). The times cows spent "inactive" were significantly longer three days before clinical diagnosis in diseased cows compared to healthy cows (421.7 ± 168.3 vs. 362.8 ± 117.6 min/day). "Lying" time started to become significantly longer one day before the diagnosis of disorders in disordered cows compared to healthy cows (691.8 ± 183.3 vs. 627.3 ± 158.0 min/day). On average, these results indicated a strong disturbance of physiological parameters before the clinical onset of disease. In summary, it was possible to show differences between disordered and healthy cows based on activity and "rumination" data recorded by a 3D-accelerometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gusterer
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Kanz
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefanie Krieger
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vanessa Schweinzer
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Süss
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Iwersen
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Mishra DC, Sikka P, Yadav S, Bhati J, Paul SS, Jerome A, Singh I, Nath A, Budhlakoti N, Rao AR, Rai A, Chaturvedi KK. Identification and characterization of trait-specific SNPs using ddRAD sequencing in water buffalo. Genomics 2020; 112:3571-3578. [PMID: 32320820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) is one of the important molecular markers widely used in animal breeding program for improvement of any desirable genetic traits. Considering this, the present study was carried out to identify, annotate and analyze the SNPs related to four important traits of buffalo viz. milk volume, age at first calving, post-partum cyclicity and feed conversion efficiency. We identified 246,495, 168,202, 74,136 and 194,747 genome-wide SNPs related to mentioned traits, respectively using ddRAD sequencing technique based on 85 samples of Murrah Buffaloes. Distribution of these SNPs were highest (61.69%) and lowest (1.78%) in intron and exon regions, respectively. Under coding regions, the SNPs for the four traits were further classified as synonymous (4697) and non-synonymous (3827). Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) terms of identified genes assigned to various traits. These characterized SNPs will enhance the knowledge of cellular mechanism for enhancing productivity of water buffalo through molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Sikka
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Sunita Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotika Bhati
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S S Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - A Jerome
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Inderjeet Singh
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Abhigyan Nath
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Neeraj Budhlakoti
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A R Rao
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K K Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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14
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Rohmeier L, Petzl W, Koy M, Eickhoff T, Hülsebusch A, Jander S, Macias L, Heimes A, Engelmann S, Hoedemaker M, Seyfert HM, Kühn C, Schuberth HJ, Zerbe H, Meyerholz MM. In vivo model to study the impact of genetic variation on clinical outcome of mastitis in uniparous dairy cows. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:33. [PMID: 32005239 PMCID: PMC6995066 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In dairy herds, mastitis causes detrimental economic losses. Genetic selection offers a sustainable tool to select animals with reduced susceptibility towards postpartum diseases. Studying underlying mechanisms is important to assess the physiological processes that cause differences between selected haplotypes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish an in vivo infection model to study the impact of selecting for alternative paternal haplotypes in a particular genomic region on cattle chromosome 18 for mastitis susceptibility under defined conditions in uniparous dairy cows. Results At the start of pathogen challenge, no significant differences between the favorable (Q) and unfavorable (q) haplotypes were detected. Intramammary infection (IMI) with Staphylococcus aureus 1027 (S. aureus, n = 24, 96 h) or Escherichia coli 1303 (E. coli, n = 12, 24 h) was successfully induced in all uniparous cows. This finding was confirmed by clinical signs of mastitis and repeated recovery of the respective pathogen from milk samples of challenged quarters in each animal. After S. aureus challenge, Q-uniparous cows showed lower somatic cell counts 24 h and 36 h after challenge (P < 0.05), lower bacterial shedding in milk 12 h after challenge (P < 0.01) and a minor decrease in total milk yield 12 h and 24 h after challenge (P < 0.01) compared to q-uniparous cows. Conclusion An in vivo infection model to study the impact of genetic selection for mastitis susceptibility under defined conditions in uniparous dairy cows was successfully established and revealed significant differences between the two genetically selected haplotype groups. This result might explain their differences in susceptibility towards IMI. These clinical findings form the basis for further in-depth molecular analysis to clarify the underlying genetic mechanisms for mastitis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rohmeier
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - W Petzl
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M Koy
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg, 17 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Eickhoff
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Hülsebusch
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Jander
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Macias
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A Heimes
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - S Engelmann
- Technical University Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - H M Seyfert
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kühn
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Agricultural and Environmental Faculty, University Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - H J Schuberth
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Zerbe
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M M Meyerholz
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany. .,Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Meyerholz MM, Rohmeier L, Eickhoff T, Hülsebusch A, Jander S, Linden M, Macias L, Koy M, Heimes A, Gorríz-Martín L, Segelke D, Engelmann S, Schmicke M, Hoedemaker M, Petzl W, Zerbe H, Schuberth HJ, Kühn C. Genetic selection for bovine chromosome 18 haplotypes associated with divergent somatic cell score affects postpartum reproductive and metabolic performance. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9983-9994. [PMID: 31521359 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of animals to periparturient diseases has a great effect on the economic efficiency of dairy industries, on the frequency of antibiotic treatment, and on animal welfare. The use of selection for breeding cows with reduced susceptibility to diseases offers a sustainable tool to improve dairy cattle farming. Several studies have focused on the association of distinct bovine chromosome 18 genotypes or haplotypes with performance traits. The aim of this study was to test whether selection of Holstein Friesian heifers via SNP genotyping for alternative paternal chromosome 18 haplotypes associated with favorable (Q) or unfavorable (q) somatic cell scores influences postpartum reproductive and metabolic diseases. Thirty-six heifers (18 Q and 18 q) were monitored from 3 wk before calving until necropsy on d 39 (± 4 d) after calving. Health status and rectal temperature were measured daily, and body condition score and body weight were assessed once per week. Blood samples were drawn twice weekly, and levels of insulin, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin-like growth factor-I, growth hormone, and β-hydroxybutyrate were measured. Comparisons between the groups were performed using Fisher's exact test, chi-squared test, and the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS. Results showed that Q-heifers had reduced incidence of metritis compared with q-heifers and were less likely to develop fever. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were lower and insulin-like growth factor-I plasma concentrations were higher in Q- compared with q-heifers. However, the body condition score and withers height were comparable between haplotypes, but weight loss tended to be lower in Q-heifers compared with q-heifers. No differences between the groups were detected concerning retained fetal membranes, uterine involution, or onset of cyclicity. In conclusion, selection of chromosome 18 haplotypes associated with a reduced somatic cell score resulted in a decreased incidence of postpartum reproductive and metabolic diseases in this study. The presented data add to the existing knowledge aimed at avoiding negative consequences of genetic selection strategies in dairy cattle farming. The underlying causal mechanisms modulated by haplotypes in the targeted genomic region and immune competence necessitate further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Meyerholz
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - L Rohmeier
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Eickhoff
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Hülsebusch
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Jander
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Linden
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Leibniz University, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Macias
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - M Koy
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Heimes
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - L Gorríz-Martín
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Segelke
- Vereinigte Informationssysteme Tierhaltung w.V. (VIT) Verden, 27283 Verden (Aller), Germany
| | - S Engelmann
- Institute for Microbiology, Technical University, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Microbial Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Schmicke
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - W Petzl
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - H Zerbe
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - H-J Schuberth
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ch Kühn
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Agricultural and Environmental Faculty, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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16
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Iacono E, Lucci M, Mari G, Merlo B. Luteal Blood Flow and progesterone concentration during first and second postpartum estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1341-1347. [PMID: 31306526 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the differences in corpus luteum (CL) functionality between the first postpartum estrous cycle and the following cycle in lactating dairy cows. Luteal blood flow (LBF), luteal size and blood progesterone (P4) concentration were monitored during the first and second postpartum estrous cycle. During the first and second postpartum estrous cycle, the mean LBF value increased (p < .05) from early to late dioestrus, while it decreased rapidly in proestrus, resulting statistically lower (p < .05) than those registered in all previous phases. Statistically significant differences were not observed between overall LBF during first and second postpartum estrous cycle (p > .05). During the first postpartum estrous cycle, P4 blood concentrations showed a significant reduction (p < .05) from dioestrus to proestrus. A different trend of P4 concentrations was observed during the second postpartum estrous cycle, where mean P4 value registered in proestrus resulted statistically lower than those registered in the previous cycle phases (p < .05). The mean P4 concentration registered over the first postpartum estrous cycle resulted statistically lower (p < .05) than that registered during the second one. A significant correlation between P4 concentrations and LBF was registered only during the second postpartum estrous cycle. Results indicate that during the first postpartum estrous cycle, P4 concentration was independent of luteal blood flow and luteal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Merlo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Piñeiro J, Menichetti B, Barragan A, Relling A, Weiss W, Bas S, Schuenemann G. Associations of postpartum lying time with culling, milk yield, cyclicity, and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3362-3375. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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KAVYA KM, SHARMA RK, JEROME A, PHULIA SK, BALHARA AK, SINGH I. Blood metabolites, body condition score, body weight and milk yield in relation to resumption of cyclicity in post-partum buffaloes. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i10.84081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to decipher the relationship between blood metabolites [glucose, total protein, urea, cholesterol, beta hydroxyl-butryicacic (BHBA), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and leptin], body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW) and milk yield with resumption of post-partum cyclicity in buffaloes. Pluriparous buffaloes were screened using transrectal ultrasonography from day 0 to day 90 at 10 days interval and divided into two groups: I (n=7; buffaloes ovulated <30 days of calving) and II (n=7; anestrous buffaloes >90 days post-partum). Blood samples were collected in both groups at day 0, 10, 20 and 30 post-partum (day 0 considered as calving day) with BW, BCS and milk production observations during first month of lactation. In cyclic buffaloes, serum albumin was higher as compared to acyclic group. In addition, leptin, BW, BCS and milk yield differed with time. Significant correlation between BHBA, IGF-1, leptin and albumin in group I was observed. In conclusion, blood metabolites (albumin, BHBA, IGF-1 and leptin) were significantly correlated with each other in cyclic post-partum buffaloes, but not in acyclic group.
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19
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Bruinjé TC, Colazo MG, Gobikrushanth M, Ambrose DJ. Relationships among early postpartum luteal activity, parity, and insemination outcomes based on in-line milk progesterone profiles in Canadian Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2017; 100:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Zachut M, Moallem U. Consistent magnitude of postpartum body weight loss within cows across lactations and the relation to reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3143-3154. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Ntallaris T, Humblot P, Båge R, Sjunnesson Y, Dupont J, Berglund B. Effect of energy balance profiles on metabolic and reproductive response in Holstein and Swedish Red cows. Theriogenology 2016; 90:276-283. [PMID: 28166980 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of two feeding levels during the antepartum and postpartum period on reproductive performance and blood metabolites (glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin) in primiparous Holstein and Swedish Red (SRB) cows, in order to identify possible differences in the way these breeds respond to negative energy balance after calving. A total of 44 cows (22 Holstein, 22 SRB) kept in a loose housing system were included in the study. The control group (HE, n = 23) was fed a diet for high-producing cows (target 35 kg/d energycorrected milk, ECM). A lower feeding intensity (LE, n = 21) was achieved by giving -50% concentrate to target 25 kg/d ECM. Diets were implemented 30 days before expected calving and the cows were monitored for 120 days postpartum. Milk yield and composition, dry matter intake (DMI), live body weight and body condition score (BCS) were assessed to calculate the weekly energy balance (residual feed intake). Blood sampling started before diet implementation and was repeated every 2 weeks until Day 60 postpartum and then once monthly until Day 120. Plasma was kept at -20 °C until analysis for glucose, insulin and NEFA concentrations. Mixed linear models were used to analyse data (SAS 9.3; PROC MIXED). Holstein cows had lower mean energy balance than SRB cows (-4.7 ± 1.4 and -0.9 ± 1.4 MJ, respectively; p = 0.05). SRB cows had higher (p<0.001) BCS (3.3 ± 0.1) than Holstein cows (2.7 ± 0.1) and also higher plasma glucose concentrations from Day -30 to Day 120 relative to parturition (4.1 ± 0.1 and 4.2 ± 0.1 log ; mg/100 ml, respectively; p < 0.05). Overall, breed or diet had no effect on NEFA blood plasma concentrations. However, plasma NEFA concentration levels tended to be higher (p = 0.09) in SRB cows than in Holsteins at Day -14 before calving, indicating higher mobilisation of lipid from adipose tissue already before calving. In contrast, Holstein cows had higher NEFA at Day 14 postpartum than SRB cows (p < 0.05). There were no significant effects of diet or breed on reproductive performance (% pregnant at first AI, days open). However, commencement of luteal activity within 21d postpartum was affected (p < 0.05) by the interaction of breed and diet. These results suggest that Holstein cows prioritise milk production to a larger extent than SRB cows, resulting in a less balanced metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ntallaris
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, CRU, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - P Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, CRU, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - R Båge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, CRU, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Y Sjunnesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, CRU, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - B Berglund
- Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, CRU, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Stangaferro ML, Wijma R, Caixeta LS, Al-Abri MA, Giordano JO. Use of rumination and activity monitoring for the identification of dairy cows with health disorders: Part I. Metabolic and digestive disorders. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7395-7410. [PMID: 27372591 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the performance of an automated health-monitoring system (AHMS) to identify cows with metabolic and digestive disorders-including displaced abomasum, ketosis, and indigestion-based on an alert system (health index score, HIS) that combines rumination time and physical activity; (2) the number of days between the first HIS alert and clinical diagnosis (CD) of the disorders by farm personnel; and (3) the daily rumination time, physical activity, and HIS patterns around CD. Holstein cattle (n=1,121; 451 nulliparous and 670 multiparous) were fitted with a neck-mounted electronic rumination and activity monitoring tag (HR Tags, SCR Dairy, Netanya, Israel) from at least -21 to 80 d in milk (DIM). Raw data collected in 2-h periods were summarized per 24 h as daily rumination and activity. A HIS (0 to 100 arbitrary units) was calculated daily for individual cows with an algorithm that used rumination and activity. A positive HIS outcome was defined as a HIS of <86 during at least 1 d from -5 to 2 d after CD. Blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, total calcium, and haptoglobin were determined in a subgroup of cows (n=459) at -11±3, -4±3, 0, 3±1, 7±1, 14±1, and 28±1 DIM. The sensitivity of the HIS was 98% [95% confidence interval (CI): 93, 100] for displaced abomasum (n=41); 91% (95% CI: 83, 99) for ketosis (n=54); 89% (95% CI: 68, 100) for indigestion (n=9); and 93% (95% CI: 89, 98) for all metabolic and digestive disorders combined (n=104). Days (mean and 95% CI) from the first positive HIS <86 and CD were -3 (-3.7, -2.3), -1.6 (-2.3, -1.0), -0.5 (-1.5, 0.5), and -2.1 (-2.5, -1.6) for displaced abomasum, ketosis, indigestion, and all metabolic and digestive disorders, respectively. The patterns of rumination, activity, and HIS for cows flagged by the AHMS were characterized by lower levels than for cows without a health disorder and cows not flagged by the AHMS from -5 to 5 d after CD, depending on the disorder and parameter. Differences between cows without health disorders and those flagged by the AHMS for blood markers of metabolic and health status confirmed the observations of the CD and AHMS alerts. The overall sensitivity and timing of the AHMS alerts for cows with metabolic and digestive disorders indicated that AHMS that combine rumination and activity could be a useful tool for identifying cows with metabolic and digestive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Stangaferro
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - R Wijma
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - L S Caixeta
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M A Al-Abri
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J O Giordano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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23
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Vieira-Neto A, Lima F, Santos J, Mingoti R, Vasconcellos G, Risco C, Galvao K. Vulvovaginal laceration as a risk factor for uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4629-4637. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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López-Helguera I, Colazo MG, Garcia-Ispierto I, López-Gatius F. Factors associated with ovarian structures and intrauterine fluid in the postpartum period in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3925-3933. [PMID: 26947303 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to examine risk factors for the interval to resumption of ovarian cyclicity (ROC), multiple ovulations (MCL), ovarian follicular cysts (OC), and presence of intrauterine fluid (IUF) at 22 to 28 [visit (V) 1] and 36 to 42 (V2) days in milk (DIM) in dairy cows. The study was conducted retrospectively by evaluating records from 1,155 Holstein cows from 3 herds. Ovaries and uteri were examined at V1 and V2 by transrectal ultrasonography to determine ovarian structures and IUF. Based on the odds ratio, multiparous cows were more likely to have ROC at V1 by a factor of 1.79 compared with primiparous cows. The likelihood of ROC at V1 was lower in cows with higher milk production, in cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) or cows with IUF at V1 by factors of 0.98 (for each kg of milk increased), 0.52, and 0.61, respectively. Based on the odds ratio, cows diagnosed with IUF at V2 were 2.85 times more likely to have attained ROC at V2. Multiparous cows and cows that delivered twins were 2.73 and 2.16 times, respectively, more likely to have MCL at V1, whereas cows with RFM were 0.38 times less likely to have MCL at V1. The likelihood of MCL at V2 was higher in cows with MCL and OC at V1 by factors of 2.67 and 1.91, respectively. Multiparous cows were 8.51 times more likely to have OC at V1 than primiparous cows. Higher producing cows were more likely to have OC at V2 by a factor of 1.04 compared with lower producing cows. Parity, stillbirth, RFM, and ROC at V1 were all identified as risk factors for IUF at V1. Cows with RFM and delivering twins were more likely to be diagnosed with IUF at V2 by a factor of 3.43 and 4.07, respectively. In summary, parity, twinning, RFM, metritis, IUF, and milk production were all associated with altered ovarian structures, and the presence of IUF was related to parity, twinning, RFM, and ROC in postpartum dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- I López-Helguera
- Department of Animal Production, Agotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain 25198; Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 5T6
| | - M G Colazo
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 5T6.
| | - I Garcia-Ispierto
- Department of Animal Production, Agotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain 25198
| | - F López-Gatius
- Department of Animal Production, Agotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain 25198
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25
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Lüttgenau J, Purschke S, Tsousis G, Bruckmaier R, Bollwein H. Body condition loss and increased serum levels of nonesterified fatty acids enhance progesterone levels at estrus and reduce estrous activity and insemination rates in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 2016; 85:656-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Lavon Y, Kaim M, Leitner G, Biran D, Ezra E, Wolfenson D. Two approaches to improve fertility of subclinical mastitic dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2268-2275. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Jeong J, Choi I, Kang H, Hur T, Jung Y, Kim I. Relationship between serum metabolites, body condition, peri- and postpartum health and resumption of postpartum cyclicity in dairy cows. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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