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Mezzetti M, Passamonti MM, Dall’Asta M, Bertoni G, Trevisi E, Ajmone Marsan P. Emerging Parameters Justifying a Revised Quality Concept for Cow Milk. Foods 2024; 13:1650. [PMID: 38890886 PMCID: PMC11171858 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk has become a staple food product globally. Traditionally, milk quality assessment has been primarily focused on hygiene and composition to ensure its safety for consumption and processing. However, in recent years, the concept of milk quality has expanded to encompass a broader range of factors. Consumers now also consider animal welfare, environmental impact, and the presence of additional beneficial components in milk when assessing its quality. This shifting consumer demand has led to increased attention on the overall production and sourcing practices of milk. Reflecting on this trend, this review critically explores such novel quality parameters, offering insights into how such practices meet the modern consumer's holistic expectations. The multifaceted aspects of milk quality are examined, revealing the intertwined relationship between milk safety, compositional integrity, and the additional health benefits provided by milk's bioactive properties. By embracing sustainable farming practices, dairy farmers and processors are encouraged not only to fulfill but to anticipate consumer standards for premium milk quality. This comprehensive approach to milk quality underscores the necessity of adapting dairy production to address the evolving nutritional landscape and consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Matilde Maria Passamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Margherita Dall’Asta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Bertoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
- Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (CREI), 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
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Review: The effect of casein genetic variants, glycosylation and phosphorylation on bovine milk protein structure, technological properties, nutrition and product manufacture. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Cilberti MG, Santillo A, Polito AN, Messina G, della Malva A, Caroprese M, Sevi A, Albenzio M. Cytokine Pattern of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated from Children Affected by Generalized Epilepsy Treated with Different Protein Fractions of Meat Sources. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112243. [PMID: 35684043 PMCID: PMC9182632 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was the evaluation of cytokine patterns in terms of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-1β secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants isolated from blood of children affected by generalized epilepsy and treated in vitro with myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, and total protein fractions of meat and fish sources. Children with generalized epilepsy (EC group, n = 16) and children without any clinical signs of disease, representing a control group (CC group n = 16), were recruited at the Complex Structure of Neuropsychiatry Childhood-Adolescence of Policlinico Riuniti (Foggia, Italy). Myofibrillar (MYO), sarcoplasmic (SA), and total (TOT) protein fractions were obtained from longissimus thoracis muscle of beef (BF) and lamb (LA); from pectoralis muscle of chicken (CH); and from dorsal white muscle of sole (Solea solea, SO), European hake (Merluccius merluccius, EH), and sea bass fish (Dicentrarchus labrax, SB), respectively. PBMCs were isolated from peripheral blood of EC and CC groups, and an in vitro stimulation in the presence of 100 μg/mL for each protein fraction from different meat sources was performed. Data were classified according to three different levels of cytokines produced from the EC group relative to the CC group. TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 levels were not affected by different meat fractions and meat sources; on the contrary, IL-1β levels were found to be significantly affected by the tested proteins fractions, as well as different meat sources, in high-level cytokine group. On average, the protein fractions obtained from LB, BF, and CH meat sources showed a higher level of IL-1β than the protein fractions obtained from EH and SB fish samples. When all cytokine classes were analyzed, on average, a significant effect was observed for IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Data obtained in the present study evidence that the nutritional strategy based on protein from fish and meat sources may modulate the immunological cytokine pattern of infants with generalized epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Cilberti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Antonella Santillo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna N. Polito
- Complex Structure of Neuropsychiatry Childhood-Adolescence of Ospedali Riuniti of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Antonella della Malva
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Agostino Sevi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.d.M.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
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Sereshti H, Jazani SS, Nouri N, AliAbadi MHS. Development of a green miniaturized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe approach in tandem with temperature-assisted solidification of floating menthol droplet for analysis of multiclass pesticide residues in milk. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:1106-1115. [PMID: 34958521 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new green miniaturized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach was developed and used for the extraction of multiclass 16 pesticides in milk before GC analysis. The miniaturization of method reduced the consumption of chemical reagents and samples. Magnetic three-dimensional graphene was used as sorbent in the clean-up step. Choline chloride:lactic acid (1:2) natural deep eutectic solvent was used as desorption solvent. Temperature-assisted solidification of floating menthol drop was executed for preconcentration of analytes. The method parameters including sorbent, desorption solvent, sorption and desorption times, menthol amount, pH, and ionic strength were optimized. The limit of quantification and linear range were 0.03-0.38 μg kg-1 and 0.03-250 μg kg-1 , respectively. The accuracy was assessed by recovery evaluation at the spike levels of 50 and 100 μg kg-1 , in the range of 61-119%, with relative standard deviations within 2.1-18.2%. The method was applied to the analysis of pasteurized low and high-fat bovine milk, and various pesticide residues were detected in the concentrations range of 1.24-4.68 μg kg-1 . Finally, the greenness of the procedure was evaluated using the Analytical Eco-Scale. This work represents the first application of hybrid miniaturized extraction/preconcentration using a natural deep eutectic solvent and menthol to analyze pesticides. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sereshti
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nina Nouri
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Hao M, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Wang S, Fu G, Zou F, Xie Y, Zhao S, Li W. Transcriptional profiling of buffalo mammary gland with different milk fat contents. Gene 2021; 802:145864. [PMID: 34352300 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat is the most important energy substance in milk and contributes to its quality and health benefits. Water buffalo milk is well known for its high milk quality with higher fat contents compared with cattle milk. Dehong buffalo is a unique local swamp breed in Yunnan Province with higher milk fat and excellent milk quality which provides a good model for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of milk fat deposition. In this study, we used RNA-seq to obtain mammary tissue transcriptomics of buffalo with different milk fat phenotypes including high(H), medium (M)and low (L) fat content groups. Comparative analyses of buffalo among three groups yielded differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Analyzing the number of different genes among H_VS_L, H_VS_M, and M_VS_L showed the same expression pattern between H_VS_M. The increasing expression levels of genes including CSN1S1, BTN1A1, LALBA, ALDH1L2, SCD and MUC15, and down-regulated expression levels of genes containing CCL2, CRABP2, ADTRP, CLU and C4A in H_VS_L and M_VS_L were found. GO and KEGG enriched pathways revealed these DEGs involved in milk protein and fat as well as immune response. The findings would enhance the understanding of the interplay between the milk composition and immune response, which suggests that the immune capacity should be considered when we tried to improve the milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; College of Biology and Agriculture (College of Food Science and Technology), Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Juncai Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing 408435, China
| | - Yongyun Zhang
- Teaching Demonstration Center of the Basic Experiments of Agricultural Majors, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guowen Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Fengcai Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuxiao Xie
- College of Biology and Agriculture (College of Food Science and Technology), Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Weizhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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6
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Food synthetic biology-driven protein supply transition: From animal-derived production to microbial fermentation. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Foroutan A, Fitzsimmons C, Mandal R, Piri-Moghadam H, Zheng J, Guo A, Li C, Guan LL, Wishart DS. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060233. [PMID: 32517015 PMCID: PMC7345087 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
From an animal health perspective, relatively little is known about the typical or healthy ranges of concentrations for many metabolites in bovine biofluids and tissues. Here, we describe the results of a comprehensive, quantitative metabolomic characterization of six bovine biofluids and tissues, including serum, ruminal fluid, liver, Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, semimembranosus (SM) muscle, and testis tissues. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), we were able to identify and quantify more than 145 metabolites in each of these biofluids/tissues. Combining these results with previous work done by our team on other bovine biofluids, as well as previously published literature values for other bovine tissues and biofluids, we were able to generate quantitative reference concentration data for 2100 unique metabolites across five different bovine biofluids and seven different tissues. These experimental data were combined with computer-aided, genome-scale metabolite inference techniques to add another 48,628 unique metabolites that are biochemically expected to be in bovine tissues or biofluids. Altogether, 51,801 unique metabolites were identified in this study. Detailed information on these 51,801 unique metabolites has been placed in a publicly available database called the Bovine Metabolome Database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Foroutan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (A.F.); (C.F.); (L.L.G.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (R.M.); (H.P.-M.); (J.Z.); (A.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (A.F.); (C.F.); (L.L.G.)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (R.M.); (H.P.-M.); (J.Z.); (A.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Hamed Piri-Moghadam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (R.M.); (H.P.-M.); (J.Z.); (A.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Jiamin Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (R.M.); (H.P.-M.); (J.Z.); (A.G.); (C.L.)
| | - AnChi Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (R.M.); (H.P.-M.); (J.Z.); (A.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Carin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (R.M.); (H.P.-M.); (J.Z.); (A.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (A.F.); (C.F.); (L.L.G.)
| | - David S. Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (R.M.); (H.P.-M.); (J.Z.); (A.G.); (C.L.)
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS. Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4897-4914. [PMID: 30994344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine milk is a nutritionally rich, chemically complex biofluid consisting of hundreds of different components. While the chemical composition of cow's milk has been studied for decades, much of this information is fragmentary and very dated. In an effort to consolidate and update this information, we have applied modern, quantitative metabolomics techniques along with computer-aided literature mining to obtain the most comprehensive and up-to-date characterization of the chemical constituents in commercial cow's milk. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we were able to identify and quantify 296 bovine milk metabolites or metabolite species (corresponding to 1447 unique structures) from a variety of commercial milk samples. Through our literature analysis, we also found another 676 metabolites or metabolite species (corresponding to 908 unique structures). Detailed information regarding all 2355 of the identified chemicals in bovine milk have been made freely available through a Web-accessible database called the Milk Composition Database or MCDB ( http://www.mcdb.ca/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Foroutan
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E9
- Department of Agricultural , Food and Nutritional Science , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2P5
| | - An Chi Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Rosa Vazquez-Fresno
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Matthias Lipfert
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Lun Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Jiamin Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Hasan Badran
- Department of Computing Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E8
| | - Zachary Budinski
- Department of Computing Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E8
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Burim N Ametaj
- Department of Agricultural , Food and Nutritional Science , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2P5
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E9
- Department of Computing Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E8
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Kuhn MJ, Mavangira V, Gandy JC, Sordillo LM. Production of 15-F 2t-isoprostane as an assessment of oxidative stress in dairy cows at different stages of lactation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9287-9295. [PMID: 30077444 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to dysfunctional immune responses and predisposes dairy cattle to several metabolic and inflammatory-based diseases. Although the negative effects of oxidative stress on transition cattle are well established, biomarkers that accurately measure oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules are not well defined in veterinary medicine. Measuring 15-F2t-isoprostane, a lipid peroxidation product, is the gold standard biomarker for quantifying oxidative stress in human medicine. The aim of our study was to determine whether changes in 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations in plasma and milk could accurately reflect changes in oxidant status during different stages of lactation. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations were quantified in milk and plasma of 12 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows that were assigned to 3 different sampling periods, including the periparturient period (1-2 d in milk; n = 4), mid lactation (80-84 d in milk; n = 4), and late lactation (183-215 d in milk; n = 4). Blood samples also were analyzed for indicators of oxidant status, inflammation, and negative energy balance. Our data revealed that 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations changed at different stages of lactation and coincided with changes in other gauges of oxidant status in both plasma and milk. Interestingly, milk 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations and other indices of oxidant status did not follow the same trends as plasma values at each stage of lactation. Indeed, during the periparturient period, systemic 15-F2t-isoprostane increased significantly accompanied by an increase in the systemic oxidant status index. Milk 15-F2t-isoprostane was significantly decreased during the periparturient period compared with other lactation stages in conjunction with a milk oxidant status index that trended lower during this period. The results from this study indicate that changes in 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations in both milk and plasma may be strong indicators of an alteration in redox status both systemically and within the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kuhn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Jeffery C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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Albenzio M, Santillo A, Ciliberti MG, Figliola L, Caroprese M, Polito AN, Messina G. Milk nutrition and childhood epilepsy: An ex vivo study on cytokines and oxidative stress in response to milk protein fractions. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4842-4852. [PMID: 29573802 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a pilot study on the effects of milk protein fractions [αS1-casein (CN), αS2-CN, κ-CN, β-CN, and a mix of α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG)] from different animal species (bovine, ovine, and caprine) on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative status in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with generalized epilepsy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained by density gradient from blood of 10 children with generalized epilepsy (5 males; mean age 33.6 ± 5.4 mo) and 10 controls (5 males; mean age 35.6 ± 6.8 mo). Children with epilepsy were grouped according to cytokine levels as follows: children with epilepsy having low levels of cytokines not different from those of control children (LL-EC); children with epilepsy having cytokine levels at least 5-fold higher (medium levels) than those of control children (ML-EC); and children with epilepsy having cytokine levels at least 10-fold higher (high levels) than those of control children (HL-EC). The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, IL-6, and IL-1β was studied in cultured PBMC incubated with αS1-CN, αS2-CN, κ-CN, β-CN, and a mix of α-LA and β-LG from bovine, caprine, and ovine milks. The levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and catalase activity were assessed in cultured supernatant. In the HL-EC group, β-CN from small ruminant species (ovine and caprine) induced the highest levels of TNF-α, whereas PBMC incubated with αS2-CN from ovine milk and the mix of β-LG and α-LA from all tested milk species had the lowest levels of TNF-α. Within the HL-EC group, production of IL-1β was higher for bovine and ovine αS2-CN fractions and lower for caprine and ovine β-CN and κ-CN. In the HL-EC group, IL-6 was higher in cultured PBMC incubated with αS2-CN from bovine and ovine milk than from caprine milk. The cytokine IL-10 did not differ among milking species. The highest levels of ROS/RNS were found after incubation of PBMC with the β-CN fraction in bovine milk. Catalase activity was higher in PBMC cultured with β-CN isolated from bovine and caprine milk and with αS1-CN from ovine milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albenzio
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - A Santillo
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - M G Ciliberti
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - L Figliola
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - M Caroprese
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - A N Polito
- Complex Structure of Neuropsychiatry Childhood-Adolescence of Ospedali Riuniti of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - G Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy
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11
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Albenzio M, Santillo A, Caroprese M, Della Malva A, Marino R. Bioactive Peptides in Animal Food Products. Foods 2017; 6:E35. [PMID: 28486398 PMCID: PMC5447911 DOI: 10.3390/foods6050035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of animal origin represent physiologically active components in the human diet; they exert a direct action or constitute a substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis upon food processing and consumption. Bioactive peptides may descend from the hydrolysis by digestive enzymes, enzymes endogenous to raw food materials, and enzymes from microorganisms added during food processing. Milk proteins have different polymorphisms for each dairy species that influence the amount and the biochemical characteristics (e.g., amino acid chain, phosphorylation, and glycosylation) of the protein. Milk from other species alternative to cow has been exploited for their role in children with cow milk allergy and in some infant pathologies, such as epilepsy, by monitoring the immune status. Different mechanisms concur for bioactive peptides generation from meat and meat products, and their functionality and application as functional ingredients have proven effects on consumer health. Animal food proteins are currently the main source of a range of biologically-active peptides which have gained special interest because they may also influence numerous physiological responses in the organism. The addition of probiotics to animal food products represent a strategy for the increase of molecules with health and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonella Santillo
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonella Della Malva
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Marino
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Ntemiri A, Chonchúir FN, O'Callaghan TF, Stanton C, Ross RP, O'Toole PW. Glycomacropeptide Sustains Microbiota Diversity and Promotes Specific Taxa in an Artificial Colon Model of Elderly Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1836-1846. [PMID: 28176523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential of milk-derived glycomacropeptide (GMP) and lactose for modulating the human gut microbiota of older people, in whom loss of diversity correlates with inferior health, was investigated. We used an in vitro batch fermentation (artificial colon model) to simulate colonic fermentation processes of two GMP products, i.e., a commercially available GMP concentrate and a semipurified GMP concentrate, and lactose. Faecal samples were collected from healthy and frail older people. Samples were analyzed by Illumina Miseq sequencing of rRNA gene amplicons. The commercial GMP preparation had a positive effect on the growth of Coprococcus and Clostridium cluster XIVb and sustained a higher faecal microbiota diversity compared to control substrates or lactose. Lactose fermentation promoted the growth of Proteobacteria including Escherichia/Shigella. This work provides an in-depth insight on the potential of GMP and lactose for modulating the gut microbiota and contributes more evidence confirming the prebiotic activity of GMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ntemiri
- School of Microbiology, Food Science Building, University College Cork , Western Road, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork , Western Road, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
- Moorepark Food Research Centre , Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork , Western Road, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
- Moorepark Food Research Centre , Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- School of Microbiology, Food Science Building, University College Cork , Western Road, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork , Western Road, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
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