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Yu B, Liu J, Cai Z, Mu T, Zhang D, Feng X, Gu Y, Zhang J. MicroRNA-19a regulates milk fat metabolism by targeting SYT1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127096. [PMID: 37769766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional factors involved in the regulation of gene expression and play crucial roles in biological processes related to milk fat metabolism. Our previous study revealed that miR-19a expression was significantly higher in the mammary epithelial cells of high-milk fat cows than in those of low-milk fat cows. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. In this study, we found a high expression of miR-19a in the mammary tissues of dairy cows. The regulatory effects of miR-19a on bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were analyzed using cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays, which demonstrated that miR-19a significantly inhibited BMEC proliferation. Transfection of the miR-19a mimic into BMECs significantly upregulated the expression of milk fat marker genes LPL, SCAP, and SREBP1, promoting triglyceride (TG) synthesis and lipid droplet formation, whereas the miR-19a inhibitor exhibited the opposite function. TargetScan and miRWalk predictions revealed that synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) is a target gene of miR-19a. A dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RT-qPCR, and western blot analyses revealed that miR-19a directly targets the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of SYT1 and negatively regulates SYT1 expression. Functional validation revealed that overexpression of SYT1 in BMECs significantly downregulated the expression of LPL, SCAP, and SREBP1, and inhibited TG synthesis and lipid droplet formation. Conversely, the knockdown of SYT1 had the opposite effect. Altogether, miR-19a plays a crucial role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of BMECs and regulates biological processes related to TG synthesis and lipid droplet formation by suppressing SYT1 expression. These findings provide a strong foundation for further research on the functional mechanisms underlying milk fat metabolism in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhengyun Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Tong Mu
- School of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yaling Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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2
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Jena MK, Khan FB, Ali SA, Abdullah A, Sharma AK, Yadav V, Kancharla S, Kolli P, Mandadapu G, Sahoo AK, Rath PK, Taneera J, Kumar S, Mohanty AK, Goh KW, Ming LC, Ardianto C. Molecular complexity of mammary glands development: a review of lactogenic differentiation in epithelial cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:491-508. [PMID: 37694522 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2252872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a dynamic organ with various physiological processes like cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during the pregnancy-lactation-involution cycle. It is essential to understand the molecular changes during the lactogenic differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs, the milk-synthesizing cells). The MECs are organized as luminal milk-secreting cells and basal myoepithelial cells (responsible for milk ejection by contraction) that form the alveoli. The branching morphogenesis and lactogenic differentiation of the MECs prepare the gland for lactation. This process is governed by many molecular mediators including hormones, growth factors, cytokines, miRNAs, regulatory proteins, etc. Interestingly, various signalling pathways guide lactation and understanding these molecular transitions from pregnancy to lactation will help researchers design further research. Manipulation of genes responsible for milk synthesis and secretion will promote augmentation of milk yield in dairy animals. Identifying protein signatures of lactation will help develop strategies for persistent lactation and shortening the dry period in farm animals. The present review article discusses in details the physiological and molecular changes occurring during lactogenic differentiation of MECs and the associated hormones, regulatory proteins, miRNAs, and signalling pathways. An in-depth knowledge of the molecular events will aid in developing engineered cellular models for studies related to mammary gland diseases of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdullah Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Amarish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Anjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | | | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Petővári G, Tóth G, Turiák L, L. Kiss A, Pálóczi K, Sebestyén A, Pesti A, Kiss A, Baghy K, Dezső K, Füle T, Tátrai P, Kovalszky I, Reszegi A. Dynamic Interplay in Tumor Ecosystems: Communication between Hepatoma Cells and Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13996. [PMID: 37762298 PMCID: PMC10530979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are intricate ecosystems where cancer cells and non-malignant stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), engage in complex communication. In this study, we investigated the interaction between poorly (HLE) and well-differentiated (HuH7) hepatoma cells and LX2 fibroblasts. We explored various communication channels, including soluble factors, metabolites, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and miRNAs. Co-culture with HLE cells induced LX2 to produce higher levels of laminin β1, type IV collagen, and CD44, with pronounced syndecan-1 shedding. Conversely, in HuH7/LX2 co-culture, fibronectin, thrombospondin-1, type IV collagen, and cell surface syndecan-1 were dominant matrix components. Integrins α6β4 and α6β1 were upregulated in HLE, while α5β1 and αVβ1 were increased in HuH7. HLE-stimulated LX2 produced excess MMP-2 and 9, whereas HuH7-stimulated LX2 produced excess MMP-1. LX2 activated MAPK and Wnt signaling in hepatoma cells, and conversely, hepatoma-derived EVs upregulated MAPK and Wnt in LX2 cells. LX2-derived EVs induced over tenfold upregulation of SPOCK1/testican-1 in hepatoma EV cargo. We also identified liver cancer-specific miRNAs in hepatoma EVs, with potential implications for early diagnosis. In summary, our study reveals tumor type-dependent communication between hepatoma cells and fibroblasts, shedding light on potential implications for tumor progression. However, the clinical relevance of liver cancer-specific miRNAs requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Petővári
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna L. Kiss
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 58, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pálóczi
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrián Pesti
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Kiss
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Baghy
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezső
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Füle
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Váci út. 41-43, H-1134 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Tátrai
- Charles River Laboratories Hungary, Irinyi József utca 4-20, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Xue Q, Huang Y, Cheng C, Wang Y, Liao F, Duan Q, Wang X, Miao C. Progress in epigenetic regulation of milk synthesis, with particular emphasis on mRNA regulation and DNA methylation. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1675-1693. [PMID: 37409592 PMCID: PMC10446801 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2225939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate milk secretion and a lack of nutrients in humans and mammals are serious problems. It is of great significance to clarify the mechanisms of milk synthesis and treatment methods. Epigenetic modification, represented by RNA methylation, is an important way of gene expression regulation that profoundly affects human gene expression and participates in various physiological and pathological mechanisms. Epigenetic disorders also have an important impact on the production and secretion of milk. This review systematically summarized the research results of epigenetics in the process of lactation in PubMed, Web of Science, NSTL, and other databases and reviewed the effects of epigenetics on human and mammalian lactation, including miRNAs, circRNAs, lncRNAs, DNA methylations, and RNA methylations. The abnormal expression of miRNAs was closely related to the synthesis and secretion of milk fat, milk protein, and other nutrients in the milk of cattle, sheep, and other mammals. MiRNAs are also involved in the synthesis of human milk and the secretion of nutrients. CircRNAs and lncRNAs mainly target miRNAs and regulate the synthesis of nutrients in milk by ceRNA mechanisms. The abnormal expression of DNA and RNA methylation also has an important impact on milk synthesis. Epigenetic modification has the potential to regulate the milk synthesis of breast epithelial cells. Analyzing the mechanisms of human and mammalian milk secretion deficiency and nutrient deficiency from the perspective of epigenetics will provide a new perspective for the treatment of postpartum milk deficiency in pregnant women and mammalian milk secretion deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chenglong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Faxue Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Qiangjun Duan
- Department of Experimental (Practical Training) Teaching Center, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Ojo OE, Kreuzer-Redmer S. MicroRNAs in Ruminants and Their Potential Role in Nutrition and Physiology. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10010057. [PMID: 36669058 PMCID: PMC9867202 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of how diet choices, dietary supplements, and feed intake influence molecular mechanisms in ruminant nutrition and physiology to maintain ruminant health, is essential to attain. In the present review, we focus on the role of microRNAs in ruminant health and disease; additionally, we discuss the potential of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of disease in ruminants and the state of technology for their detection, also considering the major difficulties in the transition of biomarker development from bench to clinical practice. MicroRNAs are an inexhaustible class of endogenous non-protein coding small RNAs of 18 to 25 nucleotides that target either the 3' untranslated (UTR) or coding region of genes, ensuring a tight post-transcriptionally controlled regulation of gene expression. The development of new "omics" technologies facilitated a fresh perspective on the nutrition-to-gene relationship, incorporating more extensive data from molecular genetics, animal nutrition, and veterinary sciences. MicroRNAs might serve as important regulators of metabolic processes and may present the inter-phase between nutrition and gene regulation, controlled by the diet. The development of biomarkers holds the potential to revolutionize veterinary practice through faster disease detection, more accurate ruminant health monitoring, enhanced welfare, and increased productivity. Finally, we summarize the latest findings on how microRNAs function as biomarkers, how technological paradigms are reshaping this field of research, and how platforms are being used to identify novel biomarkers. Numerous studies have demonstrated a connection between circulating microRNAs and ruminant diseases such as mastitis, tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease, fasciolosis, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the identification and analysis of a small number of microRNAs can provide crucial information about the stage of a disease, etiology, and prognosis.
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6
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Khalifeh M, Santos RD, Oskuee RK, Badiee A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Sahebkar A. A novel regulatory facet for hypertriglyceridemia: The role of microRNAs in the regulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein biosynthesis. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101197. [PMID: 36400247 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the major leading global causes of death. Genetic and epidemiological studies strongly support the causal association between triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TAGRL) and atherogenesis, even in statin-treated patients. Recent genetic evidence has clarified that variants in several key genes implicated in TAGRL metabolism are strongly linked to the increased ASCVD risk. There are several triacylglycerol-lowering agents; however, new therapeutic options are in development, among which are miRNA-based therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides) that negatively modulate gene expression through translational repression or degradation of target mRNAs, thereby reducing the levels of functional genes. MiRNAs play a crucial role in the development of hypertriglyceridemia as several miRNAs are dysregulated in both synthesis and clearance of TAGRL particles. MiRNA-based therapies in ASCVD have not yet been applied in human trials but are attractive. This review provides a concise overview of current interventions for hypertriglyceridemia and the development of novel miRNA and siRNA-based drugs. We summarize the miRNAs involved in the regulation of key genes in the TAGRLs synthesis pathway, which has gained attention as a novel target for therapeutic applications in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Centre, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Huang L, Luo J, Gao W, Song N, Tian H, Zhu L, Jiang Q, Loor JJ. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Knockout of miR-24 Reduces Cholesterol and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Content in Primary Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142012. [PMID: 35885255 PMCID: PMC9316712 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In nonruminants, microRNA (miRNA)-24 plays an important role in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and the liver. Although the abundance of miR-24 in ruminant mammary glands is the highest during peak lactation, its potential role in regulating the synthesis and secretion of fat into milk is unclear. This study aimed to identify the function of miR-24 in these processes using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC). A single clone containing a 66-nucleotide deletion between two sgRNAs mediating double-strand break (DSB) sites was obtained. The abundance of miR-24-3p and miR-24-5p encoded by the deleted sequence was decreased, whereas the target genes INSIG1 and FASN increased. In addition, miR-24 knockout reduced the gene abundance of genes associated with fatty acid and TAG synthesis and transcription regulator. Similarly, the content of cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) C18:1 decreased, whereas that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) C18:2, C20:3, C20:4 and C20:5 increased. Subsequently, knocking down of INSIG1 but not FASN reversed the effect of miR-24 knockout, indicating that miR-24 modulated cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis mainly by targeting INSIG1. Overall, the present in vitro data demonstrated a critical role for miR-24 in regulating lipid and fatty acid synthesis and highlighted the possibility of manipulating milk components in dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Wenchang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ning Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
| | - Huibin Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.J.L.)
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Shang J, Liu N, Cheng J, Gao W, Sun X, Guo M. Analysis and comparison of lipids in Saanen goat milk from different geographic regions in China based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS lipidomics. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111441. [PMID: 35761681 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The lipids in goat milk from Guangdong Province (GGM), Shaanxi Province (SGM), and Inner Mongolia Province (NGM) were analyzed and compared using untargeted lipidomics. A total of 16 lipid sub-classes and 638 lipid molecules were identified in the three groups. The main lipids were diacylglycerol (DG), triacylglycerol (TG), and glycerophosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The contents of glycerophosphatidylcholine (PC), PE, glycerophosphatidylinositol (PI), sphingomyelin (SM), glucosylceramide (GlcCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), DG, and TG were significantly different (P < 0.05) in three groups. Moreover, 173 significantly different lipids were screened out, and 13 lipid molecules could be applied as potential lipid markers for identifying the geographic region of goat milk. In addition, the related metabolic pathways were also analyzed. A hypothetical scheme was drawn by linking the most relevant metabolic pathways. This work will provide basics for the establishment of the Saanen goat milk traceability system and provide comprehensive lipid information for the goat milk of different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenhao Gao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life, Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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9
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Yao W, Luo J, Tian H, Niu H, An X, Wang X, Zang S. Malonyl/Acetyltransferase (MAT) Knockout Decreases Triacylglycerol and Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Contents in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091291. [PMID: 35564013 PMCID: PMC9104349 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malonyl/acetyltransferase (MAT) is a crucial functional domain of fatty acid synthase (FASN), which plays a vital role in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in vivo. Milk fatty acids are secreted by mammary epithelial cells. Mammary epithelial cells are the units of mammary gland development and function, and it is a common model for the study of mammary gland tissue development and lactation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MAT deletion on the synthesis of triacylglycerol and medium-chain fatty acids. The MAT domain was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 in the goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs), and in MAT knockout GMECs, the mRNA level of FASN was decreased by approximately 91.19% and the protein level decreased by 51.83%. The results showed that MAT deletion downregulated the contents of triacylglycerol and medium-chain fatty acids (p < 0.05) and increased the content of acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) (p < 0.001). Explicit deletion of MAT resulted in significant drop of FASN, which resulted in downregulation of LPL, GPAM, DGAT2, PLIN2, XDH, ATGL, LXRα, and PPARγ genes in GMECs (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, mRNA expression levels of ACC, FASN, DGAT2, SREBP1, and LXRα decreased following treatment with acetyl-CoA (p < 0.05). Our data reveals that FASN plays critical roles in the synthesis of medium-chain fatty acids and triacylglycerol in GMECs.
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of miR-130b Affects Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content via PPARG-PGC1α Axis in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073640. [PMID: 35409000 PMCID: PMC8998713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-130b, as a regulator of lipid metabolism in adipose and mammary gland tissues, is actively involved in lipogenesis, but its endogenous role in fatty acid synthesis remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanism of miR-130b in fatty acid synthesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC). A single clone with deletion of 43 nucleotides showed a significant decrease in miR-130b-5p and miR-130b-3p abundances and an increase of target genes PGC1α and PPARG. In addition, knockout of miR-130b promoted triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol accumulation, and decreased the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) C16:1, C18:1 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) C18:2, C20:3, C20:4, C20:5, C22:6. Similarly, the abundance of fatty acid synthesis genes ACACA and FASN and transcription regulators SREBP1c and SREBP2 was elevated. Subsequently, interference with PPARG instead of PGC1α in knockout cells restored the effect of miR-130b knockout, suggesting that PPARG is responsible for miR-130b regulating fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, disrupting PPARG inhibits PGC1α transcription and translation. These results reveal that miR-130b directly targets the PPARG–PGC1α axis, to inhibit fatty acid synthesis in GMEC. In conclusion, miR-130b could be a potential molecular regulator for improving the beneficial fatty acids content in goat milk.
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11
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The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7040078. [PMID: 34940759 PMCID: PMC8708473 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is an integral and therefore complex structural element of mammalian nutrition. Therefore, it is simple to conclude that lactation, the process of producing milk, is as complex as the mammary gland, the organ responsible for this biochemical activity. Nutrition, genetics, epigenetics, disease pathogens, climatic conditions, and other environmental variables all impact breast productivity. In the last decade, the number of studies devoted to epigenetics has increased dramatically. Reports are increasingly describing the direct participation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, in the regulation of mammary gland development and function. This paper presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about the roles of miRNAs in mammary gland development, health, and functions, particularly during lactation. The significance of miRNAs in signaling pathways, cellular proliferation, and the lipid metabolism in agricultural ruminants, which are crucial in light of their role in the nutrition of humans as consumers of dairy products, is discussed.
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12
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Lu Q, Chen Z, Ji D, Mao Y, Jiang Q, Yang Z, Loor JJ. Progress on the Regulation of Ruminant Milk Fat by Noncoding RNAs and ceRNAs. Front Genet 2021; 12:733925. [PMID: 34790222 PMCID: PMC8591074 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.733925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is not only a key factor affecting the quality of fresh milk but also a major target trait forbreeding. The regulation of milk fat involves multiple genes, network regulation and signal transduction. To explore recent discoveries of pathway regulation, we reviewed the published literature with a focus on functional noncoding RNAs and epigenetic regulation in ruminants. Results indicate that miRNAs play key roles in the regulation of milk fat synthesis and catabolism in ruminants. Although few data are available, merging evidence indicates that lncRNAs and circRNAs act on milk fat related genes through indirect action with microRNAs or RNAs in the ceRNA network to elicit positive effects on transcription. Although precise regulatory mechanisms remain unclear, most studies have focused on the regulation of the function of target genes through functional noncoding RNAs. Data to help identify factors that can regulate their own expression and function or to determine whether self-regulation involves positive and/or negative feedback are needed. Despite the growing body of research on the role of functional noncoding RNA in the control of ruminant milk fat, most data are still not translatable for field applications. Overall, the understanding of mechanisms whereby miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, and ceRNA regulate ruminant milk fat remains an exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- QinYue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dejun Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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13
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MicroRNA Sequences Modulated by Beta Cell Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060534. [PMID: 34203703 PMCID: PMC8232095 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism within beta cells and islets contributes to dysfunction and apoptosis of beta cells, leading to loss of insulin secretion and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Over the last decade, there has been an explosion of interest in understanding the landscape of gene expression which influences beta cell function, including the importance of small non-coding microRNA sequences in this context. This review sought to identify the microRNA sequences regulated by metabolic challenges in beta cells and islets, their targets, highlight their function and assess their possible relevance as biomarkers of disease progression in diabetic individuals. Predictive analysis was used to explore networks of genes targeted by these microRNA sequences, which may offer new therapeutic strategies to protect beta cell function and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
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14
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Ivanova E, Le Guillou S, Hue-Beauvais C, Le Provost F. Epigenetics: New Insights into Mammary Gland Biology. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020231. [PMID: 33562534 PMCID: PMC7914701 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes important anatomical and physiological changes from embryogenesis through puberty, pregnancy, lactation and involution. These steps are under the control of a complex network of molecular factors, in which epigenetic mechanisms play a role that is increasingly well described. Recently, studies investigating epigenetic modifications and their impacts on gene expression in the mammary gland have been performed at different physiological stages and in different mammary cell types. This has led to the establishment of a role for epigenetic marks in milk component biosynthesis. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge regarding the involvement of the four main molecular mechanisms in epigenetics: DNA methylation, histone modifications, polycomb protein activity and non-coding RNA functions.
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15
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Fan Y, Arbab AAI, Zhang H, Yang Y, Lu X, Han Z, Yang Z. MicroRNA-193a-5p Regulates the Synthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Targeting Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 ( FADS1) in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020157. [PMID: 33504005 PMCID: PMC7911131 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are seriously threatening to human life and health. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known for their role in preventing CVDs. It is beneficial to population health to promote the content of PUFAs in bovine milk. In recent years, limited research based on molecular mechanisms has focused on this field. The biological roles of numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) remain unknown. In this study, a promising and negatively correlated pair of the miRNA (miRNA-193a-5p) and a fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene are identified and screened to explore whether they are potential factors of PUFAs’ synthesis in bovine milk. The targeted relationship between miRNA-193a-5p and FADS1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) is demonstrated by dual luciferase reporter assays. qRT-PCR and western blot assays indicate that both the expression of mRNA and the protein FADS1 show a negative correlation with miRNA-193a-5p expression in BMECs. Also, miR-193a-5p expression is positively correlated with the expression of genes associated with milk fatty acid metabolism, including ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2). The expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) is negatively correlated with miR-193a-5p expression in BMECs. The contents of triglycerides (TAG), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have a significant positive correlation with the expression of FADS1 and a significant negative correlation with the expression of miR-193a-5p in BMECs. For the first time, this study confirms that miRNA-193a-5p regulates PUFAs metabolism in BMECs by targeting FADS1, indicating that miRNA-193a-5p and FADS1 are underlying factors that improve PUFAs content in bovine milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (A.A.I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (A.A.I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (A.A.I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Xubin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (A.A.I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ziyin Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (A.A.I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (A.A.I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0514-8797-9269
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16
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Identification and comparison of exosomal microRNAs in the milk and colostrum of two different cow breeds. Gene 2020; 743:144609. [PMID: 32220600 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine milk and colostrum provide essential nutrients and immunologically active factors that are beneficial to a newborn calf. Milk-and-colostrum-derived exosomes are known as the most important for cellular communication. Exosomes also contain non-coding RNA, such as microRNA. However, there is limited information about exosomal miRNA derived from the milk and colostrum of Holstein and DAK cattle. This study aimed to identify and characterize the exosomal microRNA in the milk and colostrum of Holstein and Doğu Anadolu Kirmizisi (DAK) cows. For this purpose, total RNA isolation was carried out on the milk and colostrum samples that were collected from the Holstein and DAK cattle breeds. The RNA samples were subjected to RNA sequencing and the microRNAs were determined. Lastly, gene ontology analysis was performed for target genes. A total of 795 miRNAs that were expressed differently were identified. A total of 545 of these were known miRNAs and 260 were found to be novel miRNAs. In the functional enrichment analysis, the miRNAs expressed in Holstein milk were mostly associated with milk synthesis, and those in colostrum were mostly involved in the immunity pathways. It was also observed that the miRNAs expressed in DAK milk regulated milk fat and protein metabolism, and there were miRNAs that regulated immune pathways in the colostrum. In addition to this, many novel miRNAs were defined in DAK colostrum. When the target genes of exosomal miRNA in Holstein and DAK milk and colostrum were compared, it was suggested that the DAK breed had genes that were mostly associated with the immune system. As a result, the data obtained from this study will provide beneficial contributions to potential miRNA biomarker studies for milk yield and mastitis.
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17
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Ji Z, He R, Chao T, Xuan R, Liu S, Wang G, Wang J. chi-miR-143-3p Promotes Apoptosis of Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells from Dairy Goats by Targeting Ndfip1. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1188-1196. [PMID: 31603699 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is an important organ for lactation in dairy goats. Mammary gland development and lactation functions are primarily regulated by natural hormones and certain crucial regulatory factors. Nedd4 family-interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1) can specifically bind to neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated protein 4 (Nedd4) family members to participate in ubiquitination, which in turn regulates a range of biological processes in the body. However, the effects of Ndfip1 expression regulation at the post-transcriptional level on the development of mammary gland cells have not been previously reported. To study the regulation of Ndfip1 at post-transcriptional level, the overexpression and interference vectors of Ndfip1 were constructed, and co-transfected into the primary mammary gland epithelial cells cultured in vitro with miR-143 mimics and inhibitor. Dual luciferase reporter gene system, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, cholecystokinin octapeptide assays, and flow cytometry were used to identify their regulation and function. As a result, Ndfip1 was targeted and regulated by miR-143, which influences the development of mammary gland epithelial cells in dairy goats cultured in vitro. This study will lay an experimental foundation for further understanding the functions of Ndfip1 and miR-143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Rongyan He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Tianle Chao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Guizhi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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18
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Chen C, Wang S, Zhang M, Chen B, You C, Xie D, Liu Y, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Waiho K, Li Y. miR-24 is involved in vertebrate LC-PUFA biosynthesis as demonstrated in marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:619-628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Zhang MQ, Gao JL, Liao XD, Huang TH, Zhang MN, Wang MQ, Tian Y, Bai J, Zhou CH. miR-454 regulates triglyceride synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by targeting PPAR-γ. Gene 2018; 691:1-7. [PMID: 30599237 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triglycerides account for 99% of milk fat and play a central role in determining dairy product quality. Many factors influence triglyceride synthesis and milk fat secretion. MicroRNAs have been verified to be involved in numerous biological processes, but little is known about their roles in milk fat biosynthesis. In this study, we aim to explore whether miR-454 could regulate triglyceride synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) by targeting PPAR-γ. A luciferase reporter assay showed that the predicted target site was correct and that miR-454 and PPAR-γ had a direct interaction. In addition, miR-454 mimics and inhibitors were transfected into BMECs. The results showed that both the mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-γ were negatively correlated with miR-454 expression. Fat droplet accumulation and triglyceride production were also inversely correlated with miR-454 expression. Our results indicate that miR-454 regulates triglyceride synthesis by directly targeting the PPAR-γ 3' UTR in BMECs, suggesting that miR-454 could potentially be a new factor to elevate dairy product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jun-Lei Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Xian-Dong Liao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Ting-Hao Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Mei-Na Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Ming-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jian Bai
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Chang-Hai Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China.
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20
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Dado-Senn B, Skibiel AL, Fabris TF, Zhang Y, Dahl GE, Peñagaricano F, Laporta J. RNA-Seq reveals novel genes and pathways involved in bovine mammary involution during the dry period and under environmental heat stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11096. [PMID: 30038226 PMCID: PMC6056563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine dry period is a dynamic non-lactating phase where the mammary gland undergoes extensive cellular turnover. Utilizing RNA sequencing, we characterized novel genes and pathways involved in this process and determined the impact of dry period heat stress. Mammary tissue was collected before and during the dry period (−3, 3, 7, 14, and 25 days relative to dry-off [day 0]) from heat-stressed (HT, n = 6) or cooled (CL, n = 6) late-gestation Holstein cows. We identified 3,315 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between late lactation and early involution, and 880 DEGs later in the involution process. DEGs, pathways, and upstream regulators during early involution support the downregulation of functions such as anabolism and milk component synthesis, and upregulation of cell death, cytoskeleton degradation, and immune response. The impact of environmental heat stress was less significant, yet genes, pathways, and upstream regulators involved in processes such as ductal branching morphogenesis, cell death, immune function, and protection against tissue stress were identified. Our research advances understanding of the mammary gland transcriptome during the dry period, and under heat stress insult. Individual genes, pathways, and upstream regulators highlighted in this study point towards potential targets for dry period manipulation and mitigation of the negative consequences of heat stress on mammary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Dado-Senn
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amy L Skibiel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thiago F Fabris
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Dahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jimena Laporta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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21
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Ma L, Qiu H, Chen Z, Li L, Zeng Y, Luo J, Gou D. miR-25 modulates triacylglycerol and lipid accumulation in goat mammary epithelial cells by repressing PGC-1beta. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:48. [PMID: 29946461 PMCID: PMC6004671 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goat (Caprahircus) is one of the most important livestock animals. Goat milk fat is an important component in the nutritional quality of goat milk. Growing evidence points to the critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lipid metabolism. Results Using a highly sensitive method of S-poly(T) plus for miRNAs detection, we analyze the expression patterns of 715 miRNAs in goat mammary gland tissues at different stages of lactation. We observed that miR-25 expression had an inverse relationship with milk production. Overexpression of miR-25 significantly repressed triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation. To explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-25 in milk lipid metabolism, we analyzed its putative target genes with bioinformatics analysis followed by 3′-UTR assays. Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PGC-1beta), a key regulator of lipogenics was identified as a direct target of miR-25 with three specific sites within its 3′-UTR. In addition, miR-25 mimics in goat mammary epithelial cells reduced the expressions of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Conclusions Taken together, our results show miR-25 is potentially involved in lipid metabolism and we reveal the function of the miR-25/PGC-1beta regulatory axis during lactation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0262-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuan Ma
- 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
| | - Huiling Qiu
- 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China.,Biomedical Engineering, Health and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - Zhi Chen
- 3Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Li Li
- 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
| | - Yan Zeng
- 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
| | - Jun Luo
- 3Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Deming Gou
- 4Present Address: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
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22
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Zhang T, Huang J, Tian H, Ma Y, Chen Z, Wang J, Shi H, Luo J. trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid alters lipid metabolism of goat mammary epithelial cells by regulation of de novo synthesis and the AMPK signaling pathway. J Dairy Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Chu M, Zhao Y, Yu S, Hao Y, Zhang P, Feng Y, Zhang H, Ma D, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. MicroRNA-221 may be involved in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:118-127. [PMID: 29474925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Milk lipids, important for infant growth and development, are produced and secreted by mammary gland under the regulation of steroid hormones, growth factors, and microRNAs (miRNAs). miR-221 has been identified in milk and adipocytes and it plays important roles in regulating normal mammary epithelial hierarchy and breast cancer stem cells; however, its roles in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), the cells of lipid synthesis and secretion, are as yet unknown. Through overexpression or inhibition of miR-221 expression, we found that it regulated lipid metabolism in MECs and was expressed differentially at various stages during murine mammary gland development. Inhibition of miR-221 expression increased lipid content in MECs through elevation of the lipid synthesis enzyme FASN, while overexpression of miR-221 reduced MEC lipid content. Moreover, the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone decreased miR-221 expression with a subsequent increase in lipid formation in MECs. The expression of miR-221 was lower during lactation, which suggests that it may be involved in milk production. Therefore, miR-221 might be a useful target for influencing milk lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Qingdao, 266000, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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24
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Mobuchon L, Le Guillou S, Marthey S, Laubier J, Laloë D, Bes S, Le Provost F, Leroux C. Sunflower oil supplementation affects the expression of miR-20a-5p and miR-142-5p in the lactating bovine mammary gland. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185511. [PMID: 29281677 PMCID: PMC5744907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil supplementation in dairy cattle diets is used to modulate milk fat composition, as well as the expression of mammary lipogenic genes, whose regulation remains unclear. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA considered as crucial regulators of gene expression, offering clues to explain the mechanism underlying gene nutriregulation. The present study was designed to identify miRNAs whose expression in the cow mammary gland is modulated by sunflower oil supplementation. MiRNomes were obtained using RNAseq technology from the mammary gland of lactating cows receiving a low forage diet, supplemented or not with 4% sunflower oil. Among the 272 miRNAs characterized, eight were selected for RT-qPCR validations, showing the significant down-regulation of miR-142-5p and miR-20a-5p by sunflower supplementation. These two miRNAs are predicted to target genes whose expression was reported as differentially expressed by sunflower supplementation. Among their putative targets, ELOVL6 gene involved in lipid metabolism has been studied. However, a first analysis did not show its significant down-regulation, in response to the over-expression of miR-142-5p, of miR-20a-5p, or both, in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line. However, a clearer understanding of the miRNA expression by lipid supplementation would help to decipher the regulation of lactating cow mammary gland in response to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenha Mobuchon
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Sylvain Marthey
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johann Laubier
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Denis Laloë
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sébastien Bes
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Christine Leroux
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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25
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GosB Inhibits Triacylglycerol Synthesis and Promotes Cell Survival in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7394869. [PMID: 29181403 PMCID: PMC5664265 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7394869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the activator protein related transcription factor Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma B (GosB) is involved in preadipocyte differentiation and triacylglycerol synthesis. However, the role of GosB in regulating the synthesis of milk fatty acid in mouse mammary glands remains unclear. This research uncovered potentially new roles of GosB in suppressing milk fatty acid synthesis. Results revealed that GosB had the highest expression in lung tissue and showed a higher expression level during nonlactation than during lactation. GosB inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), perilipin 2 (PLIN2), perilipin 3 (PLIN3), and C/EBPα in mouse mammary gland epithelial cells (MEC). In addition, GosB reduced cellular triglyceride content and the accumulation of lipid droplets; in particular, GosB enhanced saturated fatty acid concentration (C16:0 and C18:0). The PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (ROSI), promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. GosB increased the expression of Bcl-2 and protected MEC from ROSI-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, MECs were protected from apoptosis through the GosB regulation of intracellular calcium concentrations. These findings suggest that GosB may regulate mammary epithelial cells milk fat synthesis and apoptosis via PPARγ in mouse mammary glands.
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26
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Bernard L, Toral P, Chilliard Y. Comparison of mammary lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9338-9351. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chu M, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. MicroRNA-126 participates in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 454:77-86. [PMID: 28599789 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are a major component of milk and are important for infant growth and development. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) has previously been observed in mammary glands and adipocytes and is known to be involved in lipid metabolism during the process of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unknown whether miR-126 also participates in lipid metabolism in mammary luminal epithelial cells (MECs). In the current investigation, miR-126-3p inhibition stimulated lipid synthesis in MECs in part through increasing levels of the lipid synthesis enzymes FASN, ACSL1, and Insig1. Overexpression of miR-126-3p decreased lipid content in MECs with a reduction in FASN and Insig1. Furthermore, the expression of miR-126-3p was diminished by the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone with a subsequent elevation of lipid formation in MECs. We also noted that miR-126-3p was expressed differentially at various stages of murine mammary gland development, exhibiting a negative correlation with FASN. Together these findings suggest that miR-126-3 might be involved in lipid metabolism in mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu 271100, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu 271100, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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28
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Osorio JS, Vailati-Riboni M, Palladino A, Luo J, Loor JJ. Application of nutrigenomics in small ruminants: Lactation, growth, and beyond. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Chu M, Zhao Y, Yu S, Hao Y, Zhang P, Feng Y, Zhang H, Ma D, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. miR-15b negatively correlates with lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C43-C52. [PMID: 28835435 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00115.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cells are regulated by steroid hormones, growth factors, and even microRNAs. miR-15b has been found to regulate lipid metabolism in adipocytes; however, its effects on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells, the cells of lipid synthesis and secretion, are as yet unknown. The main purpose of this investigation was to explore the effect of miR-15b on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells, along with the underlying mechanisms. miR-15b was overexpressed or inhibited by miRNA mimics or inhibitors; subsequently, lipid formation in mammary epithelial cells, and proteins related to lipid metabolism, were investigated. Through overexpression or inhibition of miR-15b expression, the current investigation found that miR-15b downregulates lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells and is expressed differentially at various stages of mouse and goat mammary gland development. Inhibition of miR-15b expression increased lipid content in mammary epithelial cells through elevation of the lipid synthesis enzyme fatty acid synthetase (FASN), and overexpression of miR-15b reduced lipid content in mammary epithelial cells with decreasing levels of FASN. Moreover, the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone decreased miR-15b expression with a subsequent increase in lipid formation in mammary epithelial cells. The expression of miR-15b was lower during lactation and negatively correlated with lipid synthesis proteins, which suggests that it may be involved in lipid synthesis and milk production. miR-15b might be a useful target for altering lipid production and milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
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30
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Abstract
Study on the role of microRNAs (miRs) as regulators of gene expression through posttranscriptional gene silencing is currently gaining much interest,due to their wide involvement in different physiological processes. Understanding mammary gland development, lactation, and neoplasia in relation to miRs is essential. miR expression profiling of the mammary gland from different species in various developmental stages shows their role as critical regulators of development. miRs such as miR-126, miR-150, and miR-145 have been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism during lactation. In addition, lactogenic hormones influence miR expression as evidenced by overexpression of miR-148a in cow mammary epithelial cells, leading to enhanced lactation. Similarly, the miR-29 family modulates lactation-related gene expression by regulating DNA methylation of their promoters. Besides their role in development, lactation and involution, miRs are responsible for breast cancer development. Perturbed estrogen (E2) signaling is one of the major causes of breast cancer. Increased E2 levels cause altered expression of ERα, and ERα-miR cross-talk promotes tumour progression. miRs, such as miR-206, miR-34a, miR-17-5p, and miR-125 a/b are found to be tumour suppressors; whereas miR-21, miR-10B, and miR-155 are oncogenes. Oncogenic miRs like miR-21, miR-221, and miR-210 are overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer cases which can be diagnostic biomarker for this subtype of cancer. This review focuses on the recent findings concerning the role of miRs in developmental stages of the mammary gland (mainly lactation and involution stages) and their involvement in breast cancer progression. Further studies in this area will help us to understand the molecular details of mammary gland biology, as well as miRs that could be therapeutic targets of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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31
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Do DN, Li R, Dudemaine PL, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. MicroRNA roles in signalling during lactation: an insight from differential expression, time course and pathway analyses of deep sequence data. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44605. [PMID: 28317898 PMCID: PMC5357959 DOI: 10.1038/srep44605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examined microRNA (miRNA) expression and regulatory patterns during an entire bovine lactation cycle. Total RNA from milk fat samples collected at the lactogenesis (LAC, day1 [D1] and D7), galactopoiesis (GAL, D30, D70, D130, D170 and D230) and involution (INV, D290 and when milk production dropped to 5 kg/day) stages from 9 cows was used for miRNA sequencing. A total of 475 known and 238 novel miRNAs were identified. Fifteen abundantly expressed miRNAs across lactation stages play regulatory roles in basic metabolic, cellular and immunological functions. About 344, 366 and 209 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (DE) between GAL and LAC, INV and GAL, and INV and LAC stages, respectively. MiR-29b/miR-363 and miR-874/miR-6254 are important mediators for transition signals from LAC to GAL and from GAL to INV, respectively. Moreover, 58 miRNAs were dynamically DE in all lactation stages and 19 miRNAs were significantly time-dependently DE throughout lactation. Relevant signalling pathways for transition between lactation stages are involved in apoptosis (PTEN and SAPK/JNK), intracellular signalling (protein kinase A, TGF-β and ERK5), cell cycle regulation (STAT3), cytokines, hormones and growth factors (prolactin, growth hormone and glucocorticoid receptor). Overall, our data suggest diverse, temporal and physiological signal-dependent regulatory and mediator functions for miRNAs during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy N Do
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de Bellevue, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Ran Li
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong road 22, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
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32
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Tang KQ, Wang YN, Zan LS, Yang WC. miR-27a controls triacylglycerol synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4102-4112. [PMID: 28284697 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has revealed that microRNA are central elements in milk fat synthesis in mammary epithelial cells. A negative regulator of adipocyte fat synthesis, miR-27a has been reported to be involved in the regulation of milk fat synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells; however, the regulatory role of miR-27a in bovine milk fat synthesis remains unclear. In the present study, primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) were harvested from mid-lactation cows and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F-12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 5 μg/mL of insulin, 1 μg/mL of hydrocortisone, 2 μg/mL of prolactin, 1 μg/mL of progesterone, 100 U/mL of penicillin, and 100 μg/mL of streptomycin. We found that the overexpression of miR-27a significantly suppressed lipid droplet formation and decreased the cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, whereas inhibition of miR-27a resulted in a greater lipid droplet formation and TAG accumulation in BMEC. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR-27a inhibited mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), perilipin 2 (PLIN2), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), whereas miR-27a downregulation increased PPARG, C/EBPβ, FABP3, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) mRNA expression. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed the protein level of PPARG in miR-27a mimic and inhibitor transfection groups to be consistent with the mRNA expression response. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays verified that PPARG was the direct target of miR-27a. In summary, these results indicate that miR-27a has the ability to control TAG synthesis in BMEC via targeting PPARG, suggesting that miR-27a could potentially be used to improve beneficial milk components in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Q Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Y N Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - L S Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - W C Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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33
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Wang H, Shi H, Luo J, Yi Y, Yao D, Zhang X, Ma G, Loor JJ. MiR-145 Regulates Lipogenesis in Goat Mammary Cells Via Targeting INSIG1 and Epigenetic Regulation of Lipid-Related Genes. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1030-1040. [PMID: 27448180 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level to cause translational repression or degradation of targets. The profiles of miRNAs across stages of lactation in small ruminant species such as dairy goats is unknown. A small RNA library was constructed using tissue samples from mammary gland of Saanen dairy goats harvested at mid-lactation followed by sequencing via Solexa technology. A total of 796 conserved miRNAs, 263 new miRNAs, and 821 pre-miRNAs were uncovered. After comparative analyses of our sequence data with published mammary gland transcriptome data across different stages of lactation, a total of 37 miRNAs (including miR-145) had significant differences in expression over the lactation cycle. Further studies revealed that miR-145 regulates metabolism of fatty acids in goat mammary gland epithelial cells (GMEC). Compared with nonlactating mammary tissue, lactating mammary gland had a marked increase in expression of miR-145. Overexpression of miR-145 increased transcription of genes associated with milk fat synthesis resulting in greater fat droplet formation, triacylglycerol accumulation, and proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, silencing of miR-145 impaired fatty acid synthesis. Inhibition of miR-145 increased methylation levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1). Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1) is a direct target of miR-145. These findings underscore the need for further studies to evaluate the potential for targeting miR-145 for improving beneficial milk components in ruminant milk. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1030-1040, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Yi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Gongzhen Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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34
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Li H, Zheng H, Li L, Shen X, Zang W, Sun Y. The Effects of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 on Dairy Goat Mastitis and Cell Survival of Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160989. [PMID: 27518717 PMCID: PMC4982621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc-dependent enzyme, and plays a crucial role in extracellular matrix degeneration, inflammation and tissue remodeling. However, the relationship between MMP-9 and somatic cell count (SCC) in goat milk and the role of MMP-9 in the regulation of mastitis are still unknown. In this study, we found MMP-9 was predominantly expressed in the spleen, intestine and mammary gland. The SCC in goat milk was positively correlated with MMP-9 expression, and staphylococcus aureus could markedly increase MMP-9 expression in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) in dosage and time dependent manner. We also demonstrated that SB-3CT, an inhibitor of MMP-9, promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in GMEC. Thus, MMP-9 may emerge as an easily measurable and sensitive parameter that reflects the number of somatic cells present in milk and a regulatory factor of apoptosis in GMEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingai Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Zang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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35
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Yao D, Luo J, He Q, Shi H, Li J, Wang H, Xu H, Chen Z, Yi Y, Loor JJ. SCD1 Alters Long-Chain Fatty Acid (LCFA) Composition and Its Expression Is Directly Regulated by SREBP-1 and PPARγ 1 in Dairy Goat Mammary Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:635-649. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Qiuya He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy; Zhengzhou Henan P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Huifen Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Yi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences; University of IIlinois; Urbana Illinois
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