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Bodkowski R, Wierzbicki H, Mucha A, Cholewińska P, Wojnarowski K, Patkowska-Sokoła B. Composition and fatty acid profile of milk from cows fed diets supplemented with raw and n-3 PUFA-enriched fish oil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10968. [PMID: 38745072 PMCID: PMC11094043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of ruminants with fish oil is a strategy for favorably modifying the fatty acid composition of milk fat. This study investigated the effect of supplementing cows' diet with fish oil after low-temperature crystallisation (LTC-FO) compared to its raw form (FO) on milk yield, milk components (fat, protein, and lactose), and milk fatty acid profile. Twenty-four mid-lactating multiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian cows fed a total-mix ration were randomly assigned to two homogeneous groups (n = 12 cows each) and supplemented with LTC-FO or FO at 1% of dry matter. Milk samples were collected on days 14 and 30 of the 30-day experiment. No significant differences between the groups in terms of milk yield, milk protein, and lactose content were found, however, the fat yield and content decreased in the LTC-FO group. Milk fat from cows in the LTC-FO group contained significantly higher levels of C18:1 trans-11, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, C18:3n - 3, C20:5, and C22:6, and lower levels of saturated fatty acids compared to the FO group (p < 0.05). Therefore, LTC-FO may be a more efficient feed additive than FO and may serve as a practical way to modify the fatty acid composition of milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bodkowski
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Heliodor Wierzbicki
- Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 7, 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Mucha
- Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 7, 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Cholewińska
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Konrad Wojnarowski
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Bożena Patkowska-Sokoła
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
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Mu Y, Qi W, Zhang T, Zhang J, Mao S. Coordinated response of milk bacterial and metabolic profiles to subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:60. [PMID: 37138330 PMCID: PMC10158360 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk is an important source of nutrition for human consumption, and its quality is closely associated with the microbiota and metabolites in it. But there is limited knowledge about the milk microbiome and metabolome in cows with subacute ruminal acidosis. METHODS Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows in mid lactation were selected for a 3-week experiment. The cows were randomly allocated into 2 groups, fed either a conventional diet (CON; 40% concentrate; dry matter basis) or a high-concentrate diet (HC; 60% concentrate; dry matter basis). RESULTS The results showed that there was a decreased milk fat percentage in the HC group compared to the CON group. The amplicon sequencing results indicated that the alpha diversity indices were not affected by the HC feeding. At the phylum level, the milk bacteria were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes both in the CON and HC groups. At the genus level, the HC cows displayed an improved proportion of Labrys (P = 0.015) compared with the CON cows. Results of both the principal components analysis and partial least squares of discriminant analysis of milk metabolome revealed that samples of the CON and HC groups clustered separately. A total of 31 differential metabolites were identified between the two groups. Of these, the levels of 11 metabolites decreased (α-linolenic acid, prostaglandin E2, L-lactic acid, L-malic acid, 3-hydroxysebacic acid, succinyladenosine, guanosine, pyridoxal, L-glutamic acid, hippuric acid, and trigonelline), whereas the levels of the other 20 metabolites increased in the HC group with respect to the CON group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggested that subacute ruminal acidosis less impacted the diversity and composition of milk microbiota, but altered the milk metabolic profiles, which led to the decline of the milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Mu
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wangpan Qi
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiyou Zhang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wei X, Zou J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang C. Effects of milk, milk replacer, and milk replacer plus ethoxyquin on the growth performance, weaning stress, and the fecal microbiota of Holstein dairy calves. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1113518. [PMID: 36992934 PMCID: PMC10040532 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth and health statuses of calves during the early stages of development have a significant effect on milk production during their first lactation period. Using appropriate milk replacers helps meet the long-term targets of dairy farmers. This study aimed to examine the effects of milk, milk replacer, and milk replacer plus ethoxyquin on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, and the gut microbiota of Holstein dairy calves. A total of 36 neonatal dairy calves were randomly divided into three groups and fed different diets: one group was fed milk, another group was fed milk replacer, and the third group was given milk replacer plus ethoxyquin. The supplementation with ethoxyquin was started on day 35 of the feeding period. The calves were weaned on day 45, and the experiment was conducted until day 49. The blood and fecal samples were collected at the end of the animal experiment. The results showed that milk replacers induced poor growth performance (body weight and average daily gain). However, milk replacer plus ethoxyquin aided in growth performance, enhanced the starter intake and blood antioxidative ability, and elevated the concentration of fecal valeric acid. Moreover, fecal fermentation and 16S rRNA analyses showed that milk replacer plus ethoxyquin altered the microbial composition (reducing Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae and increasing Bacteroides and Alloprevotella). Pearson's correlation assays showed that alterations in fecal microbiota strongly correlated with average daily gain and antioxidative ability. The results indicated the potential of milk replacer plus ethoxyquin in modulating the growth of dairy calves and in enhancing their ability to combat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jifu Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyong Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Monitoring Station of Breeding Livestock and Poultry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chong Wang
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Huang Y, Wang G, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Li C, Wang W, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang D, Cui P, Ma Z. Effects of milk replacer feeding level on growth performance, rumen development and the ruminal bacterial community in lambs. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1069964. [PMID: 36704552 PMCID: PMC9871810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1069964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding with a suitable level of milk replacer (MR) can improve the survival rate and stimulate the growth potential of early lambs. However, feeding excessive MR might be detrimental to rumen development and microbial colonization. Herein, we investigated the effects of feeding different levels of MR on rumen digestive function and ruminal microorganisms. Fourteen healthy male Hu lambs with similar birth weights and detailed pedigree records were divided into two groups to receive low (2% of average body weight per day) and high (4% of average body weight per day) levels of MR. We analyzed the effects of the MR feeding level on growth performance, fiber degradation rates, rumen fermentation parameters, enzyme activities and rumen histomorphology. We found that feeding with a high level of MR improved the average daily gain of early lambs, but decreased the starter intake, rumen weight and papillae length. We also analyzed the effects of the MR feeding level on the rumen microbiota using 16S-rRNA amplicon sequencing data. The results showed that high a MR feeding level increased the rumen microbial diversity but decreased the abundance of many carbohydrate degrading bacteria. Several bacterial genera with significant differences correlated positively with rumen cellulase activity and the acid detergent fiber degradation rate. Our results suggested that a high level of MR could improve the growth performance of early lambs in the short term; however, in the long term, it would be detrimental to rumen development and have adverse effects on the adaptation process of the microbiota to solid feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhanyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Chong Li, ✉
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panpan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zongwu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Delavaud C, Fougère H, Bertrand-Michel J, Bernard L. Milk fat depression and plasma lipids in dairy cows and goats. Animal 2022; 16:100635. [PMID: 36459859 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the effects of diets supplemented with various lipids selected to induce divergent milk fat content responses (including a milk fat depression) between dairy cows and goats on plasma lipid composition. The objective was to better understand the mechanisms behind the regulation of milk fat secretion in these two ruminant species. Twelve Holstein cows and 12 Alpine goats were fed a basal diet not supplemented (CTL) or supplemented with corn oil plus wheat starch (COS, 5% DM intake (DMI)), marine algae powder of Schizochytrium sp. (MAP, 1.5% DMI), or hydrogenated palm oil (HPO, 3% DMI), in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, during 28 days. On day 27, blood samples were collected for lipid analysis. Plasma lipid classes were quantified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, with triacylglycerol (TAG) and free fatty acid (FFA) fractions analysed for FA composition by GLC. Plasma molecular species of TAG and ceramides were determined by HPLC-high-resolution MS and by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole, respectively. Irrespective of diet, plasma total lipid content was higher in cows than goats (+61%), and TAG concentration was higher in goats than cows (+157%). In cows, conversely to goats, COS increased the trans-10 C18:1 proportion in the free FA (+248%) and the TAG (+195%) fractions. In cows and goats, MAP induced increases in cholesterol esters, cholesterol and phospholipids compared to CTL and changes in the plasma free FA and FA of TAG profiles. In both ruminant species, the concentrations of the lipid fractions were unchanged by HPO compared to CTL. Our results point to species specificities and different diet effects in plasma concentrations and compositions of lipid fractions in cows and goats. These new data highlight how diets, that induce large variations in milk fat secretions, affect the plasma lipid classes available for milk fat synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delavaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - H Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - J Bertrand-Michel
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - L Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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6
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Padilha CG, Ribeiro CVDM, Oliveira DE. Milk fatty acids as covariates in multiple regression analysis is a robust approach to model the decrease in milk fat concentration and yield in small ruminants. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charline G. Padilha
- Department of Animal Production Santa Catarina State University Lages Santa Catarina Brazil
| | | | - Dimas E. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Production Santa Catarina State University Lages Santa Catarina Brazil
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7
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Menci R, Martin B, Werne S, Bord C, Ferlay A, Lèbre A, Leiber F, Klaiss M, Coppa M, Heckendorn F. Supplementing goats’ diet with sainfoin pellets (versus alfalfa) modifies cheese sensory properties and fatty acid profile. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Gulati SK, Thomson P, Ha W, Lee W, Lee J, Choi J, Ko K, Park S, Cox G, Scott TW. Transfer rates of Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) Acids Into Cow's Milk in Pasture Based and Feed‐Lot Management Systems. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Gulati
- School of Veterinary Science Faculty of Science University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Naturale Ringarooma Tasmania Australia
| | - Peter Thomson
- School of Veterinary Science Institute of Agriculture University of Sydney Camden NSW 2570 Australia
| | | | - Won‐Jae Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science) Gyeongsang National University Jinju Korea
| | - Ji‐Hong Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science) Gyeongsang National University Jinju Korea
| | - Jae‐Heung Choi
- Busan Gyungnam Dairy Cooperative 362 Beon‐gil, 24, Uam‐ro Nam‐gu Busan Korea
| | - Ki‐Han Ko
- Busan Gyungnam Dairy Cooperative 362 Beon‐gil, 24, Uam‐ro Nam‐gu Busan Korea
| | - Sang‐Ik Park
- Busan Gyungnam Dairy Cooperative 362 Beon‐gil, 24, Uam‐ro Nam‐gu Busan Korea
| | - Geoff Cox
- Naturale Ringarooma Tasmania Australia
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9
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Fougère H, Delavaud C, Le Faouder P, Bertrand‐Michel J, Bernard L. Triacylglycerols and Polar Lipids in Cow and Goat Milk are Differentially Affected by Various Lipid Supplemented Diets. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR Herbivores 63122 Saint‐Genès‐Champanelle France
- Département de Pédiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec‐Université Laval Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Carole Delavaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR Herbivores 63122 Saint‐Genès‐Champanelle France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- MetaToul‐Lipidomic Facility MetaboHUB Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier UMR1048 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes Toulouse 31432 France
| | - Justine Bertrand‐Michel
- MetaToul‐Lipidomic Facility MetaboHUB Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier UMR1048 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes Toulouse 31432 France
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR Herbivores 63122 Saint‐Genès‐Champanelle France
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10
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Della Badia A, Hervás G, Toral PG, Frutos P. Individual differences in responsiveness to diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy sheep and goats. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11509-11521. [PMID: 34364637 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both sheep and goats can display very different individual degrees of milk fat depression (MFD), which might explain some apparent contradictions in the literature. Because the antilipogenic effect of certain fatty acids (FA) is the most likely origin of MFD, characterizing the milk FA profile of animals showing different degrees of MFD seems a helpful step to understand the physiological basis of the tolerance or susceptibility to the syndrome. Analyzing whether specific traits may predetermine a particular responsiveness would also be of relevance to meet this aim. However, information about these aspects is scant, not only in goats and sheep but in ruminants in general. This study was conducted with 25 Murciano-Granadina does and 23 Assaf ewes that were fed a total mixed ration without lipid supplementation for 3 wk (control period). Then, all animals received the same basal diet supplemented with 2% of fish oil (FO) for 5 additional weeks (MFD period). At the end of this second period, and on the basis of the extent of FO-induced decreases in milk fat concentration, the 5 most responsive (RESPON+) and the 5 least responsive (RESPON-) animals were selected within each species, 20 in total. Milk yield and composition, including a comprehensive FA profile, were examined at the end of each period. By design, between-group variation in milk fat concentration and yield was substantial, but no significant interaction with the effect of species was detected. Reductions in these 2 performance traits averaged 6% in RESPON- and 26% in RESPON+. Results do not allow suggesting that responsiveness to MFD would be clearly predetermined neither by the studied performance traits nor by milk FA profile, although a certain relationship with energy balance might exist. Furthermore, variations in ewes and does displaying different individual degrees of MFD may be associated with changes in certain candidate milk fat inhibitors, such as trans-10 18:1 and cis-9 16:1, whereas trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid would only have a minor role in determining MFD severity. Alterations in the molar yield of de novo and preformed FA suggest relevant differences in the mechanisms underlying MFD in RESPON+ and RESPON-, with interspecies effects being observed only in more tolerant animals. Further research is still required to elucidate key determinants of responsiveness to MFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Della Badia
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Pablo G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
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11
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Dion S, Brassard ME, Lévesque J, Rico DE, Tremblay GF, Gervais R, Chouinard PY. Potassium carbonate as a supplement to improve milk fat concentration and yield in early-lactating dairy goats fed a high-starch, low-fiber diet. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7794-7807. [PMID: 33865595 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of K2CO3 as dietary buffer to prevent or to recover from low milk fat production when early-lactating dairy goats are fed a high-starch, low-fiber (HSLF) diet. At kidding, 30 Alpine goats housed in pens with Calan gate feeders received a total mixed ration with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 55:45 on a dry matter (DM) basis for a baseline period of 27 ± 4 d. Goats (milk yield, 4.14 ± 0.88 kg/d; milk fat, 4.28 ± 0.52%; mean ± SD) were then assigned to 1 of 10 blocks according to parity (first vs. second or more) and milk fat concentration, and fed a HSLF diet containing 45% forages and 55% concentrates for 2 experimental periods of 28 d. Treatments were identified as (1) control, in which the HSLF diet was fed throughout both periods; (2) preventive, in which the HSLF diet supplemented with K2CO3 (1.6% of DM) was fed during both periods; and (3) recovery, in which the HSLF diet was fed during the first period (P1) and the HSLF diet supplemented with K2CO3 was fed during the second period (P2). Data from P1 and P2 were analyzed separately. In P1, preplanned contrasts were used to evaluate the preventive effect of K2CO3 (control and recovery, both groups receiving the same diet during this period, vs. preventive), and in P2, to assess the potential of K2CO3 to alleviate an already existing state of low milk fat (control vs. recovery and preventive vs. recovery). Feeding the HSLF diet in P1 moderately decreased milk fat concentration (-16%) and yield (-13%) as compared with baseline. Dietary addition of K2CO3 decreased DM intake by 12 and 14% in P1 and P2, respectively. Ruminal pH was not different among treatments. There was also no significant difference in milk yield (4.13 and 3.71 kg/d on average in P1 and P2, respectively) for any tested contrasts. In P1, milk fat concentration and yield did not differ among goats fed control (3.58% and 151 g/d, respectively) and preventive (3.67% and 148 g/d, respectively) diets. In P2, milk fat concentration and yield did not differ among goats fed the control diet (3.38% and 137 g/d, respectively), and diets where K2CO3 was used as preventive (3.44% and 126 g/d, respectively) or recovery treatment (3.25% and 113 g/d, respectively). Supplementing a high-concentrate diet with 1.6% K2CO3 was therefore not effective in either preventing or suppressing already existing conditions of low milk fat production in dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dion
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - M E Brassard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - J Lévesque
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault, Deschambault, QC, Canada G0A 1S0
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault, Deschambault, QC, Canada G0A 1S0
| | - G F Tremblay
- Québec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
| | - R Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - P Y Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.
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Iskandar I, As’ad S, Mappaware N, Alasiry E, Hendarto H, Budu, Hatta M, Juliaty A, Ahmad M, Syam A. Gene prolactine receptor (PRLR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) on milk production. MEDICINA CLÍNICA PRÁCTICA 2021; 4:100223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpsp.2021.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
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Li A, Yang Y, Qin S, Lv S, Jin T, Li K, Han Z, Li Y. Microbiome analysis reveals gut microbiota alteration of early-weaned Yimeng black goats with the effect of milk replacer and age. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:78. [PMID: 33789672 PMCID: PMC8010993 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colonization of intestinal microbiota in ruminant during the early life is important to host health, metabolism and immunity. Accumulating evidence revealed the ameliorative effect of milk replacer administration in the gut microbial development of early-weaned ruminants. Yimeng black goats (YBGs) inhabiting Shandong, China show a complex intestinal microbial ecosystem, but studies of their gut microbiota are still insufficient to report. Here, this study was performed to investigate how the gut microbiota develops in weaned YBGs with the effect of age and milk replacer. Results Results indicated that both age and milk replacer were important factors to change the gut microbiota of YBGs. Although the alpha diversity of gut microbiota did not change with the age of YBGs, the taxonomic compositions significantly changed. The relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium, Eubacterium and Barnesiella significantly decreased and subsequently increase with age, which contributes to maintain the stability of intestinal environment and realize the diversity of intestinal functions. The relative abundance of Porphyromonas, Brevundimonas, Flavobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Propionibacterium, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus and Clostridium belong to pathogenic bacteria in milk replacer-treated YBGs was significantly decreased. Additionally, some beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae and Ruminiclostridium also display a trend of decreasing first followed by gradually increasing. Conclusions This study first revealed the gut bacterial community alterations in YBGs with the effect of age and milk replacer. This study also characterized the gut microbial distribution in YBGs with different ages and provided better insight into microbial population structure and diversity of YBGs. Moreover, milk replacer may serve as a good applicant for improving gut microbial development in early-weaned YBGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, 276012, China
| | - Songkang Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shenjin Lv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Taihua Jin
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhaoqing Han
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Yongzhu Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
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14
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Fan X, Zhu W, Qiu L, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Miao Y. Elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6) promotes lipid synthesis in buffalo mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1-11. [PMID: 33742447 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown elongase of very-long-chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6) is a vital protein for endogenous synthesis of saturated and monounsaturated long-chain fatty acids in some mammals. Nevertheless, its role in lipid synthesis in buffalo mammary gland is still unclear. In this work, the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of ELOVL6 was cloned and identified from buffalo mammary gland. As a result, the CDS of this gene is 795 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 264 amino acid residues. The buffalo ELOVL6 contains an ELO domain which belongs to the ELO superfamily. Among the 10 tissues of buffalo in peak lactation detected by RT-qPCR, the expression level of ELOVL6 was the highest in the brain, followed by the spleen, and then decreased in the mammary gland, muscle, kidney, heart, liver, rumen, intestine and lung. However, only the expression in the brain and spleen was statistically different from that in other tissues (p < 0.05). Compared with that of the dry-off period, the mRNA abundance of ELOVL6 in the mammary gland was significantly increased in peak lactation. The experiments based on lentivirus transfection in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs) displayed that the overexpression of ELOVL6 markedly promoted the expression of INSIG1, INSIG2, SREBP, PPARG, FASN, GPAM, DGAT2 and APGAT6 genes, and the knockdown of ELOVL6 significantly decreased the mRNA abundance of INSIG2, SREBP, FASN, SCD, GPAM, APGAT6 and TIP47 genes. In addition, the increase or decrease of ELOVL6 expression level also caused the corresponding change of total triglyceride content in the BuMECs. The results here suggest that the ELOVL6 can catalyse the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids in the BuMECs, and it can indirectly affect the expression of genes related to milk fat synthesis through its catalytic products to promote the lipid biosynthesis of BuMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Fan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guangle Zhang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongyun Zhang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Teaching Demonstration Center of the Basic Experiments of Agricultural Majors, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongwang Miao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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15
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Diets supplemented with corn oil and wheat starch, marine algae, or hydrogenated palm oil modulate methane emissions similarly in dairy goats and cows, but not feeding behavior. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Horstmann R, de Aguiar G, Ribeiro C, Oliveira D. Stearic acid (C18:0) reduces the expression of lipogenic genes and productivity in latelactating dairy ewes. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E. The impact of the dietary supplementation level with Schizochytrium sp. on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of both blood plasma and milk of goats. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Han Z, Li A, Pei L, Li K, Jin T, Li F, Wang Z, Lv S, Li Y. Milk Replacer Supplementation Ameliorates Growth Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Early-Weaning Yimeng Black Goats. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:572064. [PMID: 33240951 PMCID: PMC7669828 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.572064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated the ameliorative effect of milk replacer supplementation in ruminants for regulating their early growth and rumen development. However, it is still unclear whether milk replacer supplementation has a beneficial role in the growth performance and rumen microbiota of Yimeng black goats (YBGs). Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effects of milk replacer on growth performance and rumen microbiota of YBGs. Our results revealed that milk replacer supplementation could significantly improve the growth performance of YBGs. Additionally, the results of alpha and beta diversities indicated that there was no significant difference in richness and diversity between the control and milk replacer-treated YBGs. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all the samples at different stages. Moreover, the YBGs treated with milk replacer possessed a higher abundance of Verrucomicrobia than that in the control YBGs, while the level of Actinobacteria was obviously decreased. It is noteworthy that the abundance of Proteobacteria in the control YBGs was higher than that in the YBGs supplemented with milk replacer throughout the experiment. At the level of genus, the differences in the richness between control and milk replacer supplement YBGs were gradually observed. Compared with the control YBGs, the proportion of Akkermansia, Veillonella, Anaerovibrio, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Ruminococcus_1, and Ruminococcus_2 was increased in the YBGs treated with milk replacer, whereas Turicibacter was decreased. In conclusion, milk replacer supplementation may serve as a good applicant for ameliorating early YBGs development and rumen microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Han
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Taihua Jin
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Fukuan Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Zhennan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shenjin Lv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yongzhu Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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19
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Lashkari S, Moller JW, Theil PK, Weisbjerg MR, Jensen SK, Sørensen MT, Sejrsen K. Regulation of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy cows fed crushed sunflower seeds. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Dewanckele L, Toral PG, Vlaeminck B, Fievez V. Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7655-7681. [PMID: 32600765 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To meet the energy requirements of high-yielding dairy cows, grains and fats have increasingly been incorporated in ruminant diets. Moreover, lipid supplements have been included in ruminant diets under experimental or practical conditions to increase the concentrations of bioactive n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in milk and meat. Nevertheless, those feeding practices have dramatically increased the incidence of milk fat depression in dairy cattle. Although induction of milk fat depression may be a management tool, most often, diet-induced milk fat depression is unintended and associated with a direct economic loss. In this review, we give an update on the role of fatty acids, particularly originating from rumen biohydrogenation, as well as of rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression. Although this syndrome seems to be multi-etiological, the best-known causal factor remains the shift in rumen biohydrogenation pathway from the formation of mainly trans-11 intermediates toward greater accumulation of trans-10 intermediates, referred to as the trans-11 to trans-10 shift. The microbial etiology of this trans-11 to trans-10 shift is not well understood yet and it seems that unraveling the microbial mechanisms of diet-induced milk fat depression is challenging. Potential strategies to avoid diet-induced milk fat depression are supplementation with rumen stabilizers, selection toward more tolerant animals, tailored management of cows at risk, selection toward more efficient fiber-digesting cows, or feeding less concentrates and grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dewanckele
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - B Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - V Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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21
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Turini L, Conte G, Bonelli F, Serra A, Sgorbini M, Mele M. Multivariate factor analysis of milk fatty acid composition in relation to the somatic cell count of single udder quarters. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7392-7406. [PMID: 32534918 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the fatty acid composition of milk changes in relation to an increase in the milk somatic cell count (SCC) of separate udder quarters. We investigated the potential of multivariate factor analysis to extract metabolic evidence from data on the quantity and quality of milk of quarters characterized by different SCC levels. We collected data from individual milk samples taken from single quarters of 49 Italian Holstein cows from the same dairy farm. Factor analysis was carried out on 64 individual fatty acids. In line with a previous study on multivariate factor analysis, a variable was considered to be associated with a specific factor if the absolute value of its correlation with the factor was ≥0.60. Seven factors were extracted that explained the following groups of fatty acids or functions: de novo synthesis, energy balance, uptake of dietary fatty acids, biohydrogenation, short-chain fatty acids, very long chain fatty acids, and odd- and branched-chain fatty acids. An ANOVA of factor scores highlighted the significant effects of the SCC level on de novo fatty acids and biohydrogenation. The de novo fatty acid factor decreased significantly with a high level of SCC, from just 10,000 cells/mL, whereas the biohydrogenation factor showed a significantly higher level in quarters with SCC levels greater than 400,000 cells/mL. This statistical approach enabled us to reduce the number of variables to a few latent factors with biological significance and to represent groups of fatty acids with a common origin and function. Multivariate factor analysis could therefore be key to studying the influence of SCC on the lipid metabolism of single quarters. This approach also demonstrated the metabolic differences between quarters of the same animal showing a different level of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Turini
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali "E. Avanzi," University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Via Livornese Lato Monte, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Conte
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali "E. Avanzi," University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - F Bonelli
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali "E. Avanzi," University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Via Livornese Lato Monte, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Serra
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali "E. Avanzi," University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Sgorbini
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali "E. Avanzi," University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Via Livornese Lato Monte, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Mele
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali "E. Avanzi," University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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22
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Bernard L, Fougère H, Larsen T, Pires J. Short communication: Diets supplemented with starch and corn oil, marine algae, or hydrogenated palm oil differently affect selected metabolite concentrations in cow and goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5647-5653. [PMID: 32307179 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of species (cow vs. goat) and of various dietary lipid supplements, known to modulate milk fat content, on selected metabolites and enzymes in milk and to explore their correlations with performance traits. Twelve Holstein cows and 12 Alpine goats, all multiparous and nonpregnant, and at 86 ± 24.9 and 61 ± 1.8 DIM, respectively, were fed a basal diet (45% forage + 55% concentrate) not supplemented (CTL) or supplemented with corn oil plus wheat starch [COS, 5% of diet dry matter (DM)], marine algae powder (MAP, 1.5% of diet DM), or hydrogenated palm oil (HPO, 3% of diet DM) in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d experimental periods. Intake, milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, and plasma metabolite concentrations were previously reported. Concentrations of 9 milk metabolites [β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, isocitrate, choline, glutamate, urea, cholesterol, and free amino groups] and 2 milk enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase) were measured on d 24 of each experimental period. Dairy performance data showed marked species and diet effects on milk fat content. Irrespective of diet, cow milk was richer in alkaline phosphatase and glucose compared with goat milk (16 and 3 times more, respectively), whereas goat milk had greater urea and glucose-6-phosphate concentrations compared with cow milk (1.9 and 5.3 times more, respectively). In cows, COS decreased milk BHB and choline (-25 and -43%, respectively) compared with CTL, whereas no effects were observed in goats. The COS and MAP diets increased milk isocitrate compared with CTL in cows, but COS decreased isocitrate concentrations in goat milk. Milk choline was correlated with milk fat content in cows (Spearman r, rS = +0.73) and goats (rs = +0.58), and lactate dehydrogenase activity was correlated with milk somatic cell count (rs = +0.66) in cows but not in goats. We provide evidence of different milk metabolite responses according to species and diets. Metabolites and enzymes secreted in milk may be indicators of specificities of lipid metabolism among ruminant species and may contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms regulating milk fat secretion. Changes in the concentrations of some metabolites considered minor components of milk may be valuable diagnostic tools of mammary gland and animal metabolism as well as of milk processing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - H Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - T Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tiele, Denmark
| | - J Pires
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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23
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Zamuner F, DiGiacomo K, Cameron AWN, Leury BJ. Endocrine and metabolic status of commercial dairy goats during the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5616-5628. [PMID: 32229111 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal variations in circulating levels of selected hormones and metabolites in commercial dairy goats during the transition period. Blood samples from 940 goats were collected weekly, from -3 to 3 wk relative to delivery, to measure the effects of level of milk production, parity number, and litter size on concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), fatty acids, and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). A subset of 80 goats [40 low-yielding (LY, < 1.8 L/d) and 40 high-yielding goats (HY, > 3.7 L/d)] were selected from the study population to measure the effects of level of milk production on plasma concentration of insulin, prolactin, and growth hormone. Average (±SD) milk yield (from 3 to 30 d in milk), body weight, and body condition score for the study population were 2.4 ± 0.78 L/d, 70 ± 16.0 kg, and 2.5 ± 0.28 units, respectively. Milk yield was moderately correlated with parity number (r = 0.49) but had weak correlation with litter size (r = 0.14). In multiparous but not in primiparous goats, antepartum concentrations of fatty acids and BHB increased with increasing litter size. Concentrations of fatty acids, BHB, and PUN were consistently lower in primiparous goats compared with those in second or greater parity. Postpartum, HY goats had higher ratios of glucose, fatty acids, and BHB to insulin than did LY goats, which might explain the greater mobilization of body tissues and enhanced milk production observed in this group. Collectively, our results indicate that increased milk yield has the most significant influence on the magnitude of body tissue mobilization. Our results also show that goats of higher parity display higher levels of lipid mobilization, and that both pregnancy and lactation are less able to elicit lipomobilization in primiparous compared with multiparous goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zamuner
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - K DiGiacomo
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A W N Cameron
- Meredith Dairy Pty Ltd., 106 Cameron Rd, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia
| | - B J Leury
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Gebreyowhans S, Zhang S, Pang X, Yang B, Wang T, Wu Z, Lu J, Lv J. Changes in texture, composition and sensory characteristics of Camembert cheese made from a mixture of goat milk and cow milk during ripening. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Gebreyowhans
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Food Processing and Quality Control Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
- Tigray Agricultural Research Institute Mekelle Ethiopia
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Food Processing and Quality Control Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Food Processing and Quality Control Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Baoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Food Processing and Quality Control Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Food Processing and Quality Control Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Food Processing and Quality Control Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Food Processing and Quality Control Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Food Processing and Quality Control Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
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25
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Núñez de González M, Attaie R, Woldesenbet S, Mora‐Gutierrez A, Kirven J, Jung Y, Myers D. Effect of Feeding a Low Level of Encapsulated Fish Oil to Dairy Goats on Milk Yield, Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahmat Attaie
- Cooperative Agricultural Research CenterPrairie View A&M University Prairie View TX 77446 USA
| | - Sela Woldesenbet
- Cooperative Agricultural Research CenterPrairie View A&M University Prairie View TX 77446 USA
| | - Adela Mora‐Gutierrez
- Cooperative Agricultural Research CenterPrairie View A&M University Prairie View TX 77446 USA
| | - Jeneanne Kirven
- Cooperative Agricultural Research CenterPrairie View A&M University Prairie View TX 77446 USA
| | - Yoonsung Jung
- Cooperative Agricultural Research CenterPrairie View A&M University Prairie View TX 77446 USA
| | - Deland Myers
- Cooperative Agricultural Research CenterPrairie View A&M University Prairie View TX 77446 USA
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26
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Silva LSE, Fernandes Lima Cavalcanti JV, Rodrigues Magalhães AL, Santoro KR, Dias Gonçalves G, Vasconcelos Santana LP, Silva JKBD, Almeida OCD. Soybean oil modulates the fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland, improving nutritional quality of the goat milk. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Sun Y, Xia H, Lu X, Xu C, Li M, Chen Z, Yang Z. MicroRNA-141 participates in milk lipid metabolism by targeting SIRT1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Context
The regulation of milk lipids is important for the evaluation of dairy cows’ performance. Lipids are produced and secreted by mammary gland under the regulation of steroid hormones, growth factors and microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs have been verified to be involved in numerous biological processes. Previous studies have shown that miR-141 is expressed at higher levels in dairy cows at peak lactation than in those at early lactation. However, the roles of miR-141 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and the mechanisms how it affects lipid metabolism are as yet unknown.
Aims
The aims of this study were to clarify (i) the molecular mechanisms of miR-141 in milk lipid metabolism, and (ii) how miR-141 affects milk lipid metabolism in BMECs.
Methods
Triglycerides were observed in BMECs using triglyceride analysis after overexpression or inhibition of miR-141; selected potential candidate genes that are targeted by miR-141 using TargetScan. The regulatory relationship among miR-141, SIRT1 gene and lipid metabolism-related genes (SREBF1, FASN and PPARγ) by using the dual luciferase assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.
Key results
Through overexpression or inhibition of miR-141 expression, we found that miR-141 promoted lipid metabolism in BMECs and an increase in triglycerides was observed in these cells. Further, miR-141 targets the 3′UTR of SIRT1 mRNA, and negative regulates the expression of SIRT1 gene in BMECs. Also, the expression levels of SREBF1, FASN and PPARγ, which are related to milk lipid metabolism, were also altered after overexpression miR-141.
Conclusions
Our results have revealed that miR-141 could promote milk lipid metabolism in BMECs by means of negative regulates SIRT1 gene and positive effects lipid metabolism-related genes (SREBF1, FASN and PPARγ) in BMECs.
Implications
Our research indicates that miR-141 could be considered a marker in cattle breeding to obtain high quality dairy products. It would be useful to study the function of miRNAs in milk lipid metabolism and synthesis. In the long term these findings might be helpful in developing practical means to improve the quality of ruminant milk.
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Effects of Fat Supplementation in Dairy Goats on Lipid Metabolism and Health Status. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110917. [PMID: 31689973 PMCID: PMC6912558 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is an increasing demand for information on the nutraceutical properties of food. Due to its bioactive components and high digestibility, goat milk is an excellent functional food. Dietary fat supplementation can further enrich the value of goat milk by modifying its acidic profile. Nevertheless, animal health can also benefit from lipids supplied with rations. In this review, the relationships between dietary fats and goat health status are summarized. Particular attention is paid to describing the effects of specific fatty acids on lipid metabolism and immune functionality. Abstract Fat supplementation has long been used in dairy ruminant nutrition to increase the fat content of milk and supply energy during particularly challenging production phases. Throughout the years, advances have been made in the knowledge of metabolic pathways and technological treatments of dietary fatty acids (FAs), resulting in safer and more widely available lipid supplements. There is an awareness of the positive nutraceutical effects of the addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to fat supplementation, which provides consumers with healthier animal products through manipulation of their characteristics. If it is true that benefits to human health can be derived from the consumption of animal products rich in bioactive fatty acids (FAs), then it is reasonable to think that the same effect can occur in the animals to which the supplements are administered. Therefore, recent advances in fat supplementation of dairy goats with reference to the effect on health status have been summarized. In vivo trials and in vitro analysis on cultured cells, as well as histological and transcriptomic analyses of hepatic and adipose tissue, have been reviewed in order to assess documented relationships between specific FAs, lipid metabolism, and immunity.
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Stergiadis S, Nørskov NP, Purup S, Givens I, Lee MRF. Comparative Nutrient Profiling of Retail Goat and Cow Milk. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2282. [PMID: 31554167 PMCID: PMC6835441 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Goat milk is globally consumed but nutritional profiling at retail level is scarce. This study compared the nutrient composition of retail cow and goat milk (basic solids, fatty acids, minerals, and phytoestrogens) throughout the year and quantified the potential implications on the consumers' nutrient intakes. When compared to cow milk, goat milk demonstrated nutritionally desirable traits, such as lower concentrations of C12:0, C14:0, C16:0 and Na: K ratio, and the higher concentrations of cis polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), isoflavones, B, Cu, Mg, Mn, P and I, although the latter may be less desirable in cases of high milk intakes. However, in contrast with nutritional targets, it had lower concentrations of omega-3 PUFA, vaccenic acid, lignans, Ca, S and Zn. The extent of these differences was strongly influenced by season and may demonstrate a combination of differences on intrinsic species metabolism, and farm breeding/husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Agriculture Building, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Natalja P Nørskov
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, Blichers Alle 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Stig Purup
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, Blichers Alle 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Ian Givens
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Agriculture Building, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Michael R F Lee
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK.
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset BS40 5DU, UK.
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30
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Delavaud C, Fougère H, Chilliard Y, Bernard L. The Dietary Addition of Fish Oil or Sunflower Oil Plus Starch Differently Modulates the Lipid Classes in Plasma of Lactating Cows and Goats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Delavaud
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRA, VetAgro SupUMR HerbivoresF‐63122Saint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | - Hélène Fougère
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRA, VetAgro SupUMR HerbivoresF‐63122Saint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | - Yves Chilliard
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRA, VetAgro SupUMR HerbivoresF‐63122Saint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRA, VetAgro SupUMR HerbivoresF‐63122Saint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
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31
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Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Zhao W, Bionaz M, Luo J, Loor JJ. Nutrigenomic Effect of Saturated and Unsaturated Long Chain Fatty Acids on Lipid-Related Genes in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells: What Is the Role of PPARγ? Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6020054. [PMID: 31212682 PMCID: PMC6632130 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A prior study in bovine mammary (MACT) cells indicated that long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) C16:0 and C18:0, but not unsaturated LCFA, control transcription of milk fat-related genes partly via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). However, in that study, the activation of PPARγ by LCFA was not demonstrated but only inferred. Prior data support a lower response of PPARγ to agonists in goat mammary cells compared to bovine mammary cells. The present study aimed to examine the hypothesis that LCFA alter the mRNA abundance of lipogenic genes in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) at least in part via PPARγ. Triplicate cultures of GMEC were treated with a PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone), a PPARγ inhibitor (GW9662), several LCFA (C16:0, C18:0, t10,c12-CLA, DHA, and EPA), or a combination of GW9662 with each LCFA. Transcription of 28 genes involved in milk fat synthesis was measured using RT-qPCR. The data indicated that a few measured genes were targets of PPARγ in GMEC (SCD1, FASN, and NR1H3) while more genes required a basal activation of PPARγ to be transcribed (e.g., LPIN1, FABP3, LPL, and PPARG). Among the tested LCFA, C16:0 had the strongest effect on upregulating transcription of measured genes followed by C18:0; however, for the latter most of the effect was via the activation of PPARγ. Unsaturated LCFA downregulated transcription of measured genes, with a lesser effect by t10,c12-CLA and a stronger effect by DHA and EPA; however, a basal activation of PPARγ was essential for the effect of t10,c12-CLA while the activation of PPARγ blocked the effect of DHA. The transcriptomic effect of EPA was independent from the activation of PPARγ. Data from the present study suggest that saturated LCFA, especially C18:0, can modulate milk fat synthesis partly via PPARγ in goats. The nutrigenomic effect of C16:0 is not via PPARγ but likely via unknown transcription factor(s) while PPARγ plays an indirect role on the nutrigenomic effect of polyunsaturated LCFA (PUFA) on milk fat related genes, particularly for CLA (permitting effect) and DHA (blocking effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Wangsheng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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32
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Dewanckele L, Jing L, Stefańska B, Vlaeminck B, Jeyanathan J, Van Straalen W, Koopmans A, Fievez V. Distinct blood and milk 18-carbon fatty acid proportions and buccal bacterial populations in dairy cows differing in reticulorumen pH response to dietary supplementation of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4025-4040. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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33
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Ungerfeld E, Urrutia N, Vásconez-Montúfar C, Morales R. Factors associated with the content of mammary-synthesized fatty acids in milk fat: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4105-4117. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Zhang MQ, Gao JL, Liao XD, Huang TH, Zhang MN, Wang MQ, Tian Y, Bai J, Zhou CH. miR-454 regulates triglyceride synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by targeting PPAR-γ. Gene 2018; 691:1-7. [PMID: 30599237 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triglycerides account for 99% of milk fat and play a central role in determining dairy product quality. Many factors influence triglyceride synthesis and milk fat secretion. MicroRNAs have been verified to be involved in numerous biological processes, but little is known about their roles in milk fat biosynthesis. In this study, we aim to explore whether miR-454 could regulate triglyceride synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) by targeting PPAR-γ. A luciferase reporter assay showed that the predicted target site was correct and that miR-454 and PPAR-γ had a direct interaction. In addition, miR-454 mimics and inhibitors were transfected into BMECs. The results showed that both the mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-γ were negatively correlated with miR-454 expression. Fat droplet accumulation and triglyceride production were also inversely correlated with miR-454 expression. Our results indicate that miR-454 regulates triglyceride synthesis by directly targeting the PPAR-γ 3' UTR in BMECs, suggesting that miR-454 could potentially be a new factor to elevate dairy product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jun-Lei Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Xian-Dong Liao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Ting-Hao Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Mei-Na Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Ming-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jian Bai
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Chang-Hai Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China.
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35
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Fougère H, Bernard L. Effect of diets supplemented with starch and corn oil, marine algae, or hydrogenated palm oil on mammary lipogenic gene expression in cows and goats: A comparative study. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:768-779. [PMID: 30343921 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid (FA) responses to diets that either induce milk fat depression or increase milk fat content in cows suggests species-specific regulation of lipid metabolism, including mammary lipogenesis. This experiment was conducted to highlight potential mechanisms responsible for the differences in mammary lipogenesis due to diet and ruminant species. Twelve Holstein cows and 12 Alpine goats were fed a basal diet containing no additional lipid (CTL) or a similar diet supplemented with corn oil [5% dry matter intake (DMI)] and wheat starch (COS), marine algae powder (MAP; 1.5% DMI), or hydrogenated palm oil (HPO; 3% DMI), according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d experimental periods. Milk yield, milk composition, FA profile, and secretions were measured. On d 27 of each experimental period, the mRNA abundance of 21 genes involved in lipid metabolism or enzyme activities or both were measured in mammary tissue sampled by biopsy. The results showed significant differences in the milk fat response of cows and goats to the dietary treatments. In cows, fat content was lowered by COS (-45%) and MAP (-22%) and increased by HPO (+13%) compared with CTL, and in goats only MAP had an effect compared with CTL, with a decrease of 15%. In both species, COS and MAP lowered the yields (mmol/d per kilogram of body weight) of <C16 and C16 FA. With COS, this decrease was compensated by an increase of >C16 FA in goats but not in cows, and the >C16 FA yield decreased with MAP in both species. Supplementation of HPO increased the yield of milk C16 FA (mmol/d per kilogram of body weight) in cows. These variations in milk fat content and FA secretion were not associated with modifications in the mammary expression of 21 genes involved in major lipid pathways, except for 3 transcription factors: PPARA, INSIG1, and SP1. This absence of large changes might be due to post-transcriptional regulation of these genes and related to the time of sampling of the mammary tissue relative to the previous meal and milking or to differences in the availability of substrate for the corresponding proteins. However, the abundance of 14 mRNA among the 21 encoding for genes studied in the mammary gland was significantly different among species, with 5 more abundant in cows (FADS3, ACSL1, PPARA, LXRA, and PPARG1) and 10 more abundant in goats (FASN, CD36, FABP3, LPL, GPAM, LPIN1, CSN2, MFGE8, and INSIG1). These species specificities of mammary lipid metabolism require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - L Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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36
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Lou X, Li J, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang C. Variations in fatty acid composition of Laoshan goat milk from partum to 135 days postpartum. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1628-1638. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinman Lou
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan China
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest Agriculture and Forest University; Yangling China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian China
| | - Cunfang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan China
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37
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Review: Modulating ruminal lipid metabolism to improve the fatty acid composition of meat and milk. Challenges and opportunities. Animal 2018; 12:s272-s281. [PMID: 30139411 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth in demand for foods with potentially beneficial effects on consumer health has motivated increased interest in developing strategies for improving the nutritional quality of ruminant-derived products. Manipulation of the rumen environment offers the opportunity to modify the lipid composition of milk and meat by changing the availability of fatty acids (FA) for mammary and intramuscular lipid uptake. Dietary supplementation with marine lipids, plant secondary compounds and direct-fed microbials has shown promising results. In this review, we have compiled information about their effects on the concentration of putative desirable FA (e.g. c9t11-CLA and vaccenic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids) in ruminal digesta, milk and intramuscular fat. Marine lipids rich in very long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) efficiently inhibit the last step of C18 FA biohydrogenation (BH) in the bovine, ovine and caprine, increasing the outflow of t11-18:1 from the rumen and improving the concentration of c9t11-CLA in the final products, but increments in t10-18:1 are also often found due to shifts toward alternative BH pathways. Direct-fed microbials appear to favourably modify rumen lipid metabolism but information is still very limited, whereas a wide variety of plant secondary compounds, including tannins, polyphenol oxidase, essential oils, oxygenated FA and saponins, has been examined with varying success. For example, the effectiveness of tannins and essential oils is as yet controversial, with some studies showing no effects and others a positive impact on inhibiting the first step of BH of PUFA or, less commonly, the final step. Further investigation is required to unravel the causes of inconsistent results, which may be due to the diversity in active components, ruminant species, dosage, basal diet composition and time on treatments. Likewise, research must continue to address ways to mitigate negative side-effects of some supplements on animal performance (particularly, milk fat depression) and product quality (e.g. altered oxidative stability and shelf-life).
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38
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Clark S, Mora García MB. A 100-Year Review: Advances in goat milk research. J Dairy Sci 2018; 100:10026-10044. [PMID: 29153153 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the century of research chronicled between 1917 and 2017, dairy goats have gone from simply serving as surrogates to cows to serving as transgenic carriers of human enzymes. Goat milk has been an important part of human nutrition for millennia, in part because of the greater similarity of goat milk to human milk, softer curd formation, higher proportion of small milk fat globules, and different allergenic properties compared with cow milk; however, key nutritional deficiencies limit its suitability for infants. Great attention has been given not only to protein differences between goat and cow milk, but also to fat and enzyme differences, and their effect on the physical and sensory properties of goat milk and milk products. Physiological differences between the species necessitate different techniques for analysis of somatic cell counts, which are naturally higher in goat milk. The high value of goat milk throughout the world has generated a need for a variety of techniques to detect adulteration of goat milk products with cow milk. Advances in all of these areas have been largely documented in the Journal of Dairy Science (JDS), and this review summarizes such advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Clark
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-0152.
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39
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Moretti R, de Rezende MPG, Biffani S, Bozzi R. Heritability and genetic correlations between rumination time and production traits in Holstein dairy cows during different lactation phases. J Anim Breed Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente; Università di Firenze; Firenze Italy
| | | | - Stefano Biffani
- Associazione Italiana Allevatori; Rome Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Lodi Italy
| | - Riccardo Bozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente; Università di Firenze; Firenze Italy
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40
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Fougère H, Delavaud C, Bernard L. Diets supplemented with starch and corn oil, marine algae, or hydrogenated palm oil differentially modulate milk fat secretion and composition in cows and goats: A comparative study. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8429-8445. [PMID: 29885893 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A direct comparative study of dairy cows and goats was performed to characterize the animal performance and milk fatty acid (FA) responses to 2 types of diets that induce milk fat depression in cows as well as a diet that increases milk fat content in cows but for which the effects in goats are either absent or unknown. Twelve Holstein cows and 12 Alpine goats, all multiparous, nonpregnant, and at 86 ± 24.9 and 61 ± 1.8 DIM, respectively, were allocated to 1 of 4 groups and fed diets containing no additional lipid (CTL) or diets supplemented with corn oil [5% dry matter intake (DMI)] and wheat starch (COS), marine algae powder (MAP; 1.5% DMI), or hydrogenated palm oil (HPO; 3% DMI), according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d experimental periods. Dietary treatments had no significant effects on milk yield and DMI in both species, except for COS in cows, which decreased DMI by 17%. In cows, milk fat content was lowered by COS (-45%) and MAP (-22%) and increased by HPO (13%) compared with CTL, and in goats only MAP had an effect compared with CTL by decreasing milk fat content by 15%. In both species, COS and MAP lowered the yields (mmol/d per kg of BW) of <C16 and C16 FA. With COS, this decrease was compensated by an increase of >C16 FA in goats, but not in cows, and the >C16 FA yield decreased with MAP in both species. HPO supplementation increased the milk yield of C16 FA in cows. Compared with CTL, COS induced an increase of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid by 18 fold in cows and 7 fold in goats and of trans-10 18:1 by 13 fold in cows and 3 fold in goats. Moreover, other conjugated linoleic acid isomers, such as trans-10,trans-12 and trans-7,cis-9, were increased to a greater extent in cows (8 and 4 fold, respectively) compared with goats (4 and 2 fold, respectively) on the COS treatment. In both species, the responses to MAP were characterized by a decrease in the milk concentration of 18:0 (3 fold, on average) and cis-9 18:1 (2 fold, on average) combined with a 3-fold increase in the total trans 18:1, with an increase in trans-10 18:1 only observed in cows. Compared with CTL, the response to HPO was distinguished by an increase in 16:0 (10%) in cows. This comparative study clearly demonstrated that each ruminant species responds differently to COS and HPO treatments, whereas MAP caused similar effects, and that goats are less sensitive than cows to diets that induce a shift from the trans-11 toward the trans-10 ruminal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C Delavaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - L Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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41
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Bernard L, Bonnet M, Delavaud C, Delosière M, Ferlay A, Fougère H, Graulet B. Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Carole Delavaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Mylène Delosière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Hélène Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Benoît Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
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42
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Tirado DF, Acevedo D, Torres-Gallo R. Effect of deformation history on the stress relaxation behaviour of Colombian Caribbean coastal cheese from goat milk. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2018; 24:487-496. [PMID: 29592768 DOI: 10.1177/1082013218767006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Textural attributes are a manifestation of the rheological properties and physical structure of foods, cheeses among these. In order to describe these physical properties, the objective of this work was to analyse the effect of deformation history on the stress relaxation behaviour of Colombian Caribbean coastal cheese made from goat milk with 3.75% (F1), 4.00% (F2) and 4.25% (F3) fat content, through prediction made by a four-term Prony series based on Chen's model. For this, stress relaxation data and stress relaxation spectra were analysed. Moreover, textural attributes by texture profile analysis were measured. Physicochemical results were similar to those published by other authors, and all samples meet national and international standards. Results from this work showed that Chen's model could be successfully used to describe the effect of deformation history on the stress relaxation behaviour of Colombian Caribbean coastal cheese made from goat milk. F1 had the highest elastic response, with the most significant residual modules ( P0) and relaxation times (τ1, τ2 and τ3). On the other hand, residual modules and relaxation times (τ1, τ2 and τ3) for cheeses F2 and F3 did not present statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Besides, by interpretation of the stress relaxation spectra, F1 presented the firmest structure (greatest distribution function and relaxation time) which was characterised by the highest elastic behaviour. Finally, according to texture profile analysis test, F1 had the highest hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness, whereas F2 and F3 did not present statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Tirado
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, 16734 Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Diofanor Acevedo
- 2 Research Group Nutrición, Salud y Calidad Alimentaria (NUSCA), 27986 Universidad de Cartagena , Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Ramiro Torres-Gallo
- 3 Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, School of Engineering, 28001 Universidad del Atlántico , Atlántico, Colombia
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Dewanckele L, Vlaeminck B, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Ruiz-González A, Debruyne S, Jeyanathan J, Fievez V. Rumen Biohydrogenation and Microbial Community Changes Upon Early Life Supplementation of 22:6 n-3 Enriched Microalgae to Goats. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:573. [PMID: 29636742 PMCID: PMC5880937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched products inhibits the final step of biohydrogenation in the adult rumen, resulting in the accumulation of 18:1 isomers, particularly of trans(t)-11 18:1. Occasionally, a shift toward the formation of t10 intermediates at the expense of t11 intermediates can be triggered. However, whether similar impact would occur when supplementing DHA-enriched products during pregnancy or early life remains unknown. Therefore, the current in vivo study aimed to investigate the effect of a nutritional intervention with DHA in the early life of goat kids on rumen biohydrogenation and microbial community. Delivery of DHA was achieved by supplementing DHA-enriched microalgae (DHA Gold) either to the maternal diet during pregnancy (prenatal) or to the diet of the young offspring (postnatal). At the age of 12 weeks, rumen fluid was sampled for analysis of long-chain fatty acids and microbial community based on bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Postnatal supplementation with DHA-enriched microalgae inhibited the final biohydrogenation step, as observed in adult animals. This resulted particularly in increased ruminal proportions of t11 18:1 rather than a shift to t10 intermediates, suggesting that both young and adult goats might be less prone to dietary induced shifts toward the formation of t10 intermediates, in comparison with cows. Although Butyrivibrio species have been identified as the most important biohydrogenating bacteria, this genus was more abundant when complete biohydrogenation, i.e. 18:0 formation, was inhibited. Blautia abundance was positively correlated with 18:0 accumulation, whereas Lactobacillus spp. Dialister spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were more abundant in situations with greater t10 accumulation. Extensive comparisons made between current results and literature data indicate that current associations between biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen bacteria in young goats align with former observations in adult ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Dewanckele
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexis Ruiz-González
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sieglinde Debruyne
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jeyamalar Jeyanathan
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Saipin N, Noophun J, Chumyim P, Rungsiwiwut R. Goat milk: Non-invasive source for mammary epithelial cell isolation and in vitro culture. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 47:187-194. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Saipin
- Faculty of Science; Department of Agricultural Technology; Ramkhamhaeng University; Bangkok Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; Department of Physiology; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - J. Noophun
- Department of Animal Science; Srisaket College of Agriculture and Technology; Srisaket Thailand
| | - P. Chumyim
- National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office (STI); Bangkok Thailand
| | - R. Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Srinakharinwirot University; Bangkok Thailand
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Extruded linseed alone or in combination with fish oil modifies mammary gene expression profiles in lactating goats. Animal 2017; 12:1564-1575. [PMID: 29122055 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a major factor that regulates ruminant milk components, particularly its fatty acid (FA) composition, which is an important determinant of milk nutritional quality. In the mammary gland, milk component biosynthesis involves a large number of genes under nutritional regulation that are not well understood. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of extruded linseeds (EL) alone or in combination with fish oil (ELFO) on goat mammary gene expression. In total, 14 goats were fed one of the following three diets: a natural grassland hay basal diet (CTRL) alone, CTRL supplemented with 530 g/day of EL, or 340 g/day of EL plus 39 g/day of fish oil (ELFO). Mammary secretory tissues were collected after slaughter on day 28, to determine the expression of 14 lipogenic genes and five lipogenic enzyme activities and transcriptomic profiles. The mRNA abundance decreased for SCD1 (P<0.1) with ELFO v. CTRL, and for AZGP1 (P<0.1) and ACSBG1 (P<0.05) decreased with EL v. ELFO and the CTRL diets (only for ACSBG1), respectively. Transcriptomic analyses performed using a bovine microarray revealed 344 and 314 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the EL and ELFO diets, respectively, compared with the CTRL diet, with 76 common DEGs. In total, 21 and 27 DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism and transport class in the EL and ELFO v. the CTRL diets, respectively, with eight common genes (ALDH3B1, ALDH18A1, DGKD1, ENPP1, IL7, NSMAF, PI4KA and SERINC5) down-regulated by these two treatments. In EL v. CTRL diets, a gene network related to lipid metabolism and transport was detected. Although this network was not detected in the ELFO v. CTRL analysis, five genes known to be involved in lipid metabolism and transport were up-regulated (SREBF1, PPARG and GPX4) or down-regulated (FABP1 and ENPP6) by ELFO. The protein metabolism and transport biological processes were largely altered by both EL and ELFO v. CTRL diets without changes in major milk protein secretion. Amino acid metabolism was highlighted as an enriched network by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and was similar to cellular growth and proliferation function. Two regulation networks centered on the estrogen receptor (ESR1) and a transcriptional factor (SP1) were identified in EL and ELFO v. CTRL diets. In conclusion, these results show that these two supplemented diets, which largely changed milk FA composition, had more effects on mRNA linked to protein metabolism and transport pathways than to lipid metabolism, and could affect mammary remodeling.
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Bernard L, Toral P, Chilliard Y. Comparison of mammary lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9338-9351. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tian P, Luo Y, Li X, Tian J, Tao S, Hua C, Geng Y, Ni Y, Zhao R. Negative effects of long-term feeding of high-grain diets to lactating goats on milk fat production and composition by regulating gene expression and DNA methylation in the mammary gland. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:74. [PMID: 29026537 PMCID: PMC5623059 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that feeding a high concentrate (HC) diet to lactating ruminants likely induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat production. However, the effects of feeding a HC diet for long periods on milk fatty acids composition and the mechanism behind the decline of milk fat still remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of feeding a HC diet to lactating dairy goats on milk fat yield and fatty acids composition with an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying the milk fat depression. Seventeen mid-lactating dairy goats were randomly allocated to three groups. The control treatment was fed a low-concentrate diet (35% concentrate, n = 5, LC) and there were two high-concentrate treatments (65% concentrate, HC), one fed a high concentrate diet for a long period (19 wks, n = 7, HL); one fed a high concentrate diet for a short period of time (4 wk, n = 5, HS). Milk fat production and fatty acids profiles were measured. In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying the changes in milk fat production and composition, the gene expression involved in lipid metabolism and DNA methylation in the mammary gland were also analyzed. Results Milk production was increased by feeding the HC diet in the HS and HL groups compared with the LC diet (P < 0.01), while the percentage of milk fat was lower in the HL (P < 0.05) but not in the HS group. The total amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the milk was not changed by feeding the HC diet, whereas the levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were markedly decreased in the HL group compared with the LC group (P < 0.05). Among these fatty acids, the concentrations of C15:0 (P < 0.01), C17:0 (P < 0.01), C17:1 (P < 0.01), C18:1n-9c (P < 0.05), C18:3n-3r (P < 0.01) and C20:0 (P < 0.01) were markedly lower in the HL group, and the concentrations of C20:0 (P < 0.05) and C18:3n-3r (P < 0.01) were lower in the HS group compared with the LC group. However, the concentrations of C18:2n-6c (P < 0.05) and C20:4n-6 (P < 0.05) in the milk fat were higher in the HS group. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of the genes involved in milk fat production in the mammary gland was generally decreased in the HL and HS groups compared with the LC group. Among these genes, ACSL1, ACSS1 & 2, ACACA, FAS, SCD, FADS2, and SREBP1 were down-regulated in the mammary gland of the HL group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ACSS2, ACACA, and FADS2 mRNA were markedly decreased in the HS goats compared with the LC group (P < 0.05). In contrast to the gene expression, the level of DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the ACACA and SCD genes was increased in the HL group compared with the LC group (P < 0.05). The levels of ACSL1 protein expression and FAS enzyme activity were also decreased in the mammary gland of the HL compared with the LC group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Long-term feeding of a HC diet to lactating goats induced milk fat depression and FAs profile shift with lower MUFAs but higher SFAs. A general down-regulation of the gene expression involved in the milk fat production and a higher DNA methylation in the mammary gland may contribute to the decrease in milk fat production in goats fed a HC diet for long time periods. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0204-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shannxi China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Canfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
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Yang J, Zheng N, Wang J, Yang Y. Comparative milk fatty acid analysis of different dairy species. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center; Beijing 100193 China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
- Statistical Unit; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux 5030 Belgium
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center; Beijing 100193 China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center; Beijing 100193 China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yongxin Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hefei 230031 China
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Tirado DF, Vertel‐Gallego A, Lora‐Sánchez J, Gallo‐García LA, Acevedo D, Torres‐Gallo R. Rheological properties of Colombian‐Caribbean‐coast sour cream from goat milk. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Tirado
- Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Armando Vertel‐Gallego
- Department of Food Engineering School of Engineering University of Cordoba km 3, Road to Cereté 232527 Córdoba Colombia
| | - José Lora‐Sánchez
- Department of Food Engineering School of Engineering University of Cordoba km 3, Road to Cereté 232527 Córdoba Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Gallo‐García
- Research Group Nutrición Salud y Calidad Alimentaria (NUSCA) University of Cartagena Av. Consulado, Street 30 No. 48‐152 130015 Cartagena Colombia
| | - Diofanor Acevedo
- Research Group Nutrición Salud y Calidad Alimentaria (NUSCA) University of Cartagena Av. Consulado, Street 30 No. 48‐152 130015 Cartagena Colombia
| | - Ramiro Torres‐Gallo
- Department of Agroindustrial Engineering School of Engineering University of Atlántico km 07, Road to Puerto Colombia 232527 Atlántico Colombia
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Keli A, Ribeiro L, Gipson T, Puchala R, Tesfai K, Tsukahara Y, Sahlu T, Goetsch A. Effects of pasture access regime on performance, grazing behavior, and energy utilization by Alpine goats in early and mid-lactation. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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