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Costa DM, Carvalho BF, de Souza VC, Pereira MN, da Silva Ávila CL. Particle size and storage length affect fermentation and ruminal degradation of rehydrated corn grain silage. Arch Anim Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37325929 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2219177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Particle size and storage time are factors that can affect the fermentation quality and digestibility of rehydrated corn grain silage (RCS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size and storage time on chemical and microbiological characteristics, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of RCS. Corn grains were ground to pass through either a 3 mm (fine) or 9 mm (coarse) screen, rehydrated to 44.3% moisture and ensiled in 200 L polyethylene buckets. Samples were taken before and after ensiling at 10, 30, 90 and 200 days of storage to assess microbial counts, fermentation end products, and DM ruminal degradability. DM degradation was evaluated with incubation times of 0 (bag wash), 3, 6 and 48 h in 3 rumen-cannulated cows. The effective ruminal degradation (ERD) was calculated based on soluble fraction (A), degradable fraction (B) and passage rate (kp) defined as 7.0%/h: A + B [kd/(kd + kp)]. Aerobic stability was evaluated in silages after 200 days of storage, and pH and temperature were analysed up to 240 h of aerobic exposure. At 90 and 200 d of storage, fine RCS resulted in lower crude protein and greater NH3-N concentrations than coarse RCS. Coarsely ground RCS had a lower temperature at the beginning of storage than finely ground corn. Finely ground RCS had greater yeast counts and ethanol concentrations than coarsely ground RCS during storage time. Fine RCS was more susceptible to aerobic deterioration, reaching maximum temperature and pH values faster than coarse RCS. DM ruminal degradability increased over the storage time. The particle size of the rehydrated corn grain silage did not affect the kd values after 90 d of storage, while for the ERD, a long fermentation time was necessary (200 d). Considering the fermentation characteristics and the kinetics of ruminal DM degradation, fine grinding is recommended for short storage periods and coarse grinding may be a strategy to increase the rate of grinding when the storage period is greater than 200 d.
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Roseira JPS, Pereira OG, da Silveira TC, da Silva VP, Alves WS, Agarussi MCN, Ribeiro KG. Effects of exogenous protease addition on fermentation and nutritive value of rehydrated corn and sorghum grains silages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7302. [PMID: 37147458 PMCID: PMC10162983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of the addition of exogenous protease on the fermentation and nutritive value of rehydrated corn and sorghum grain silages during various storage periods. Treatments were applied using a 2 × 6 × 3 factorial combination, with 2 types of rehydrated grains (corn and sorghum), 6 doses of the enzyme (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%, based on natural matter) and 3 fermentation periods (0, 60, and 90 days) in a completely randomized design, with 4 replications. The protease aspergilopepsin I, of fungal origin, produced by Aspergillus niger, was used. The lactic acid concentration increased linearly as the enzyme dose increased in corn (CG) and sorghum (SG) grain silages, at 60 and 90 days of fermentation. There was an increase in the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and soluble protein, as well as the in situ starch digestibility in rehydrated CG and SG silages, compared to the treatment without the addition of protease. The addition of 0.3% exogenous protease at the moment of CG ensiling and 0.5% in rehydrated SG increased the proteolytic activity during fermentation, providing an increase in in situ starch digestibility in a shorter storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odilon Gomes Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wagner Sousa Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
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Menezes GL, de Oliveira AF, Lana ÂMQ, Pires FPADA, de Menezes RA, de Sousa PG, de Oliveira EC, Monteiro RGDA, Martins GG, de Souza RC, Gonçalves LC, Jayme DG. Effects of different moist orange pulp inclusions in the corn grain rehydration for silage production on chemical composition, fermentation, aerobic stability, microbiological profile, and losses. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13701. [PMID: 35257442 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different moist orange pulp (MOP) inclusions in corn grain rehydration for silage production as a strategy to store and use MOP and whether these inclusions result in adequate fermentation and aerobic stability (AE) and acceptable losses. Ground corn grain and MOP were weighed separately and mixed to obtain MOP inclusions of 21%, 34%, or 42%. The control treatment was obtained with corn rehydrated with distilled water and MOP inclusion of 0%, with five laboratory silos (15-L buckets) per treatment. Acid detergent fiber, acid detergent insoluble protein, acid detergent lignin, lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol contents increased linearly with increasing MOP inclusion, whereas starch, in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and butyric acid contents and pH decreased linearly. NH3 -N/TN content reduced quadratically and was minimal with 8.34 g/kg DM at 14% MOP inclusion. Total DM losses increased quadratically with maximal losses of 4.26% DM at 25% MOP inclusion. AE reduced by 2.8 h for each 1% increase in MOP inclusion. Rehydration of corn grain with MOP results in an adequate fermentation process. The inclusion of 34% MOP was the best because DM losses were lower and AE was not drastically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriel Gonçalves Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafahel Carvalho de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diogo Gonzaga Jayme
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Fernandes T, da Silva KT, Carvalho BF, Schwan RF, Pereira RAN, Pereira MN, da Silva Ávila CL. Effect of amylases and storage length on losses, nutritional value, fermentation, and microbiology of silages of corn and sorghum kernels. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Amaro FX, Kim D, Agarussi MCN, Silva VP, Fernandes T, Arriola KG, Jiang Y, Cervantes AP, Adesogan AT, Ferraretto LF, Yu S, Li W, Vyas D. Effects of exogenous α-amylases, glucoamylases, and proteases on ruminal in vitro dry matter and starch digestibility, gas production, and volatile fatty acids of mature dent corn grain. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txaa222. [PMID: 34142013 PMCID: PMC8205108 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two separate experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of incremental doses of 10 exogenous endo-acting α-amylase and exo-acting glucoamylase; 1LAT (bacterial α-amylase), 2AK, 3AC, 4Cs4, 5Trga, 6Afuga, 7Fvga, and 10Tg (fungal α-amylases, glucoamylases, and α-glucosidase), 8Star and 9Syn (fungal amylase-mixtures; experiment 1) and three exogenous proteases; 11P14L, 12P7L, and 13P30L (bacterial proteases; experiment 2) on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) of mature dent corn grain using a batch culture system. Incremental doses of the exogenous enzymes (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 mg/g of dried substrate) were applied directly to the substrate (0.5 g of ground corn, 4 mm) in sextuplicate (experiment 1) or quadruplicate (experiment 2) within F57 filter bags, which were incubated at 39 °C in buffered rumen fluid for 7 h. Rumen fluid was collected 2-3 h after the morning feeding from three lactating dairy cows and pooled. Cows were consuming a midlactation total mixed ration (TMR; 1.60 Mcal/kg DM and 15.4%; net energy of lactation and crude protein, respectively). Three independent runs were carried out for each experiment. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using run as the blocking factor. Dose was used as a fixed factor while run was considered a random factor. Linear, quadratic, and cubic orthogonal contrasts were also tested. In experiment 1, enzymes 2AK, 3AC, and 10Tg did not increase (P > 0.10) IVDMD and IVSD, whereas 0.25 mg of enzymes 1LAT, 5Trga, and 8Star increased (P < 0.01) IVDMD by 23%, 47%, and 62% and IVSD by 35%, 41%, and 58%, respectively, compared with the control. Enzymes 4Cs4, 6Afuga, 7Fvga, and 9Syn linearly increased IVDMD and IVSD (P < 0.01). Greatest increases in IVDMD (82.9%) and IVSD (85.9%) resulted with 1 mg of 6Afuga compared to control. In experiment 2, the lowest dose of exogenous proteases 11P14L and 12P7L increased (P < 0.01) IVDMD by 98% and 87% and IVSD by 57% and 64%, respectively, whereas the highest dose of 13P30L increased (P = 0.02) IVDMD by 44.8% and IVSD by 30%, relative to the control. In conclusion, IVSD and IVDMD were increased by one α-amylase, certain glucoamylases, and all proteases tested, with the glucoamylase 6Afuga in experiment 1 and the neutral protease 12P7L in experiment 2, increasing IVDMD and IVSD to the greater extents. Future in vivo studies are required to validate these findings before these enzyme additives can be recommended for improving the digestibility of mature dent corn grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe X Amaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL
| | - Donghyeon Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL
| | - Mariele C N Agarussi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL
- Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL
- Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Fernandes
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Kathy G Arriola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | - Luiz F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL
| | - Shukun Yu
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wenting Li
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Wilmington, DE
| | - Diwakar Vyas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL
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Characterization of a recombinant zein-degrading protease from Zea mays by Pichia pastoris and its effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of corn starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3287-3293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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da Silva EB, Smith ML, Savage RM, Polukis SA, Drouin P, Kung L. Effects of Lactobacillus hilgardii 4785 and Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the bacterial community, fermentation and aerobic stability of high-moisture corn silage. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1481-1493. [PMID: 33040472 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the capacity of Lactobacillus hilgardii and Lactobacillus buchneri on modifying the bacterial community and improving fermentation and aerobic stability of high-moisture corn (HMC). METHODS AND RESULTS High-moisture corn was untreated (CTR), treated with L. hilgardii (LH) or L. buchneri (LB) at 600 000 CFU per gram fresh weight, or with L. hilgardii and L. buchneri at 300 000 CFU per gram fresh weight each (LHLB), and stored for 10, 30 or 92 days. Compared to CTR, inoculated silages had higher Lactobacillaceae relative abundance, lower yeasts numbers and higher aerobic stability. Treatment with LHLB resulted in a higher acetic acid concentration than LH and higher 1,2 propanediol concentration than LB, such differences were numerically greater at 10 and 30 days but statistically greater at 92 days. At 10 days, all inoculated silages were more stable than CTR, but LHLB was even more stable than LB or LH. CONCLUSIONS The combination of L. hilgardii and L. buchneri had a synergistic effect on yeast inhibition, leading to greater improvements in aerobic stability as early as 10 days after ensiling. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Lactobacillus hilgardii, especially in combination with L. buchneri, can improve the aerobic stability of HMC after a very short period of ensiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B da Silva
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M L Smith
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - R M Savage
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - S A Polukis
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - P Drouin
- Lallemand Specialties Inc, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - L Kung
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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8
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Wang B, Yu Z. Effects of moisture content and additives on the ensiling quality and vitamins changes of alfalfa silage with or without rain damage. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13379. [PMID: 32363708 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of moisture, rain damage, and additives on fermentation quality and vitamins change in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. Two moisture content alfalfa (53 and 72% moisture content) were received artificial rain damage. Then, the formic acid and L. plantarum (LP) + sucrose were added. After 30 days, silos were opened. The significant interaction between rain damage and moisture content were found for nutrients and fermentation characteristics in alfalfa silage, which showed more rain damage effects occurred in 53% moisture content rather than in 72% moisture content material. Treatment with LP + sucrose had lower pH value, ammonia-N/total N, and higher lactic acid content compared to the other additives. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and phylloquinone increased, but thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid decreased in alfalfa silage treated with LP + sucrose, especially when the alfalfa was subjected to rain damage. The highly significant correlations were found between pantothenic acid (VB5) and pH, and between VB5 and lactic acid. The improvements in fermentation quality by adding of LP + sucrose was observed after rain damage for either 53% or 72% moisture alfalfa, which can be a guideline for forage processor who ensiles alfalfa after rain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grass Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Santos W, Salvati G, Arthur B, Daniel J, Nussio L. The effect of sodium benzoate on the nutritive value of rehydrated sorghum grain silage for dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Oliveira ER, Takiya CS, Del Valle TA, Rennó FP, Goes RHT, Leite RS, Oliveira KM, Batista JD, Araki HM, Damiani J, Da Silva MSJ, Gandra ER, Pereira TL, Gandra JR. Effects of exogenous amylolytic enzymes on fermentation, nutritive value, and in vivo digestibility of rehydrated corn silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Influence of storage length and inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of high-moisture corn and rehydrated corn grain silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Blajman JE, Páez RB, Vinderola CG, Lingua MS, Signorini ML. A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria for corn silage. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1655-1669. [PMID: 30142700 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This meta-analysis aims to assess the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation on fermentation parameters, microbiological composition and aerobic stability of corn silage. METHODS AND RESULTS Databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus) were searched from 1980 to 2017. The criteria for inclusion were: randomized and controlled experiments using corn silage and published in peer-reviewed journals. The meta-analysis showed that LAB supplementation increased pH, acetate and propionate concentrations, and decreased acid detergent fibre, water-soluble carbohydrates and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3 -N) compared to controls in the pooled raw mean difference random effect model. In addition, inoculation reduced counts of yeasts and moulds, increased LAB counts and markedly improved aerobic stability in corn silage. However, results indicated that the effect of inoculants may differ depending on the administration of homofermentative or heterofermentative LAB. CONCLUSIONS For the development of functional bacterial inoculants, both types of LAB should be used. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to compare the application of homofermentative and heterofermentative LAB for corn silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Blajman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - R B Páez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - C G Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M S Lingua
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M L Signorini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
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Andreazzi AS, Pereira MN, Reis RB, Pereira RA, Morais Júnior NN, Acedo TS, Hermes RG, Cortinhas CS. Effect of exogenous amylase on lactation performance of dairy cows fed a high-starch diet. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7199-7207. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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da Silva N, Nascimento C, Nascimento F, de Resende F, Daniel J, Siqueira G. Fermentation and aerobic stability of rehydrated corn grain silage treated with different doses of Lactobacillus buchneri or a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4158-4167. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Ferraretto LF, Silva Filho WI, Fernandes T, Kim DH, Sultana H. Effect of ensiling time on fermentation profile and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility in rehydrated corn with or without varied concentrations of wet brewers grains. J Dairy Sci 2018. [PMID: 29519723 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rehydrating and ensiling dry ground corn (DGC) with varying concentrations of wet brewers grain (WBG) on fermentation profile and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility (ivSD; 7-h incubations on dried and 4-mm ground samples). Samples of DGC and WBG were weighed separately and mixed into 100% WBG (WBG); mixture of DGC and WBG targeting 60 (RC60), 65 (RC65), or 70% (RC70) of dry matter (DM); and DGC rehydrated with distilled water targeting for 70% of DM (REH). Samples were ensiled in vacuum-sealed bags and allowed to ferment for 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 d. The experiment consisted of 30 treatments (5 mixtures of DGC and WGB × 6 ensiling time points) and 120 mini-silos (4 silos per treatment). All samples were analyzed for fermentation profile and water-soluble carbohydrates. Except for WBG, samples from 0 and 28 d were analyzed for ivSD. Content of DM was greater for REH (70.0%), followed by RC70 (69.2%), RC65 (63.9%), RC60 (58.4%), and WBG (17.5%) on d 0, with a slight decrease (1 to 2 percentage units) observed for all treatments until 28 d. Measurements of pH were highest for REH (6.19) and lowest for WBG (4.68) on 0 d, but all other treatments were lower than WBG on 14 and 28 d (3.83 vs. 4.14, on average). Except for WBG, all treatments had a gradual increase in lactic acid concentration from 0 to 28 d. In contrast, butyric acid gradually increased from 0 (0.25%) to 28 d (2.16% of DM) in WBG but not the other treatments. Fermentation patterns were related to water-soluble carbohydrates concentration, which was greater for all treatments except WBG from 0 (1.41% on average vs. 0.38% of DM, respectively) to 28 d (0.37% on average vs. 0.19% of DM, respectively). Except for RC60, greater ivSD was observed for all treatments on 28 than 0 d, but magnitude of the difference was greater for REH and RC70 (14.5 percentage units on average). Rehydration and ensiling of DGC with WBG resulted in adequate fermentation and enhanced starch digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
| | - W I Silva Filho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - T Fernandes
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil 32700-000
| | - D H Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - H Sultana
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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16
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Junges D, Morais G, Spoto M, Santos P, Adesogan A, Nussio L, Daniel J. Short communication: Influence of various proteolytic sources during fermentation of reconstituted corn grain silages. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9048-9051. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Carvalho B, Ávila C, Bernardes T, Pereira M, Santos C, Schwan R. Fermentation profile and identification of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts of rehydrated corn kernel silage. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:589-600. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B.F. Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras MG Brazil
| | - C.L.S. Ávila
- Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras MG Brazil
| | - T.F. Bernardes
- Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras MG Brazil
| | - M.N. Pereira
- Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras MG Brazil
| | - C. Santos
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources; Faculty of Engineering and Sciences; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
| | - R.F. Schwan
- Department of Biology; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras MG Brazil
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Arcari M, Martins C, Tomazi T, Gonçalves J, Santos M. Effect of substituting dry corn with rehydrated ensiled corn on dairy cow milk yield and nutrient digestibility. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Method of propionic acid–based preservative addition and its effects on nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of wet brewers grains ensiled in the summertime. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15232/pas.2016-01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ferraretto LF, Crump PM, Shaver RD. Effect of ensiling time and exogenous protease addition to whole-plant corn silage of various hybrids, maturities, and chop lengths on nitrogen fractions and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility. J Dairy Sci 2016; 98:8869-81. [PMID: 26433421 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ensiling time and exogenous protease addition on soluble CP (% of CP), ammonia-N (% of N), and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility (ivSD) of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) from 3 hybrids, 2 maturities, and 2 chop lengths. Samples from 3 nonisogenic hybrids [brown midrib containing the bm3 gene mutation (BM3), dual-purpose (DP), or floury-leafy (LFY)] at 2 harvest maturities [2/3 kernel milk line (early) or 7d later (late)] with 2 theoretical lengths of cut settings (0.64 or 1.95cm) on a forage harvester were collected at harvest, treated with or without exogenous protease, and ensiled in triplicate in vacuum heat-sealed plastic bags for 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240d. Thus, the experiment consisted of 120 treatments (3 hybrids × 2 maturities × 2 chop lengths × 2 protease treatments × 5 time points) and 360 mini-silos (3 replications per treatment). Vitreousness, measured by dissection on unfermented kernels on the day of harvest, averaged 66.8, 65.0, and 59.0% for BM3, DP, and LFY, respectively. A protease × maturity interaction was observed with protease increasing ivSD in late but not early maturity. Ensiling time × hybrid interactions were observed for ammonia-N and soluble CP concentrations with greater values for FLY than other hybrids only after 120d of ensiling. Ensiling time × hybrid or protease × hybrid interactions were not observed for ivSD. Measurements of ivSD were greatest for FLY and lowest for BM3. Length of the ensiling period did not attenuate negative effects of kernel vitreousness or maturity on ivSD in WPCS. Results suggest that the dosage of exogenous protease addition used in the present study may reduce but not overcome the negative effects of maturity on ivSD in WPCS. No interactions between chop length and ensiling time or exogenous protease addition were observed for ivSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Ferraretto
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - P M Crump
- Department of Computing and Biometry, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - R D Shaver
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
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