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Ijaz M, Sabir MJ, Javed MU, Ahmed A, Rasheed H, Jabir AA. Molecular insights into expression and silencing of resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:526-535. [PMID: 38715472 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the status of antimicrobial-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Pakistan, their association in terms of co-occurrence with the biofilm-forming genes, resistance profiling and associated discrepancies in diagnostic methods. METHODOLOGY A total of 384 milk samples from bovine was collected by using convenient sampling technique and were initially screened for subclinical mastitis, further preceded by isolation and confirmation of S. aureus. The S. aureus isolates were subjected to evaluation of antimicrobial resistance by phenotypic identification using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, while the genotypic estimation was done by polymerase chain reaction to declare isolates as methicillin, beta-lactam, vancomycin, tetracycline, and aminoglycoside resistant S. aureus (MRSA, BRSA, VRSA, TRSA, and ARSA), respectively. RESULTS The current study revealed an overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis and S. aureus to be 59.11% and 46.69%, respectively. On a phenotypic basis, the prevalence of MRSA, BRSA, VRSA, TRSA, and ARSA was found to be 44.33%, 58.49%, 20.75%, 35.84%, and 30.18%, respectively. The results of PCR analysis showed that 46.80% of the tested isolates were declared as MRSA, 37.09% as BRSA, and 36.36% as VRSA, while the occurrence of TRSA and ARSA was observed in 26.31% and 18.75%, respectively. The current study also reported the existence of biofilm-producing genes (icaA and icaD) in 49.06% and 40.57% isolates, respectively. Lastly, this study also reported a high incidence of discrepancies for both genotypic and phenotypic identification methods of resistance evaluation, with the highest discrepancy ratio for the accA-aphD gene, followed by tetK, vanB, blaZ, and mecA genes. CONCLUSION The study concluded that different antibiotic resistance strains of S. aureus are prevalent in study districts with high potential to transmit between human populations. The study also determined that there are multiple resistance determinants and mechanisms that are responsible for the silencing and expression of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Sabir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Javed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Rasheed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Abdullah Jabir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Forouzani‐Moghaddam MJ, Habibi S, Hosseini‐Safa A, Khanaliha K, Mokarinejad R, Akhoundzadeh F, Oshaghi M. Rapid detection of major enterotoxin genes and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk in the Yazd province, Iran. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1407. [PMID: 38519836 PMCID: PMC10959825 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Raw milk is a nutrient-rich food, but it may harbour harmful bacteria, such as enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which can cause staphylococcal food poisoning. Antibiotic resistance of S. aureus in raw milk can increase the risk of such infections, particularly among susceptible individuals. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of enterotoxin genes a, d, g, i and j and the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolated from raw milk samples. METHODS During a 6-month sampling period, 60 raw milk specimens were obtained from diverse locations in Yazd province, Iran. Antibiogram profiling was conducted via the disc diffusion method. In addition, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes a, d, g, i, and j were detected through real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS Bacteriological assays confirmed the presence of S. aureus in 11 samples (18.3%). All isolates demonstrated 100% resistance to penicillin G but exhibited sensitivity to vancomycin, while resistance to other antibiotics ranged from 36.4% to 45.5%. The prevalence of enterotoxin genes in these strains showed variable distribution, with sea being the predominant SE (45.5%), followed by sed (36.4%), seg (18.2), sej and sei (9.1% each). CONCLUSIONS This study discovered the presence of multiple enterotoxins in S. aureus strains obtained from raw milk samples. These strains also demonstrated resistance to a variety of antibiotics. Since enterotoxigenic S. aureus is known to cause human food poisoning, monitoring food hygiene practices, especially during raw milk production, is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sina Habibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini‐Safa
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Roya Mokarinejad
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Akhoundzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mojgan Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Fidelis CE, Orsi AM, Freu G, Gonçalves JL, dos Santos MV. Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis Isolates from Bovine Mastitis. Vet Sci 2024; 11:170. [PMID: 38668437 PMCID: PMC11053524 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess (a) the biofilm producer ability and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus (Staph.) aureus and Streptococcus (Strep.) uberis isolated from cows with clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM), and (b) the association between biofilm producer ability and antimicrobial resistance. We isolated a total of 197 Staph. aureus strains (SCM = 111, CM = 86) and 119 Strep. uberis strains (SCM = 15, CM = 104) from milk samples obtained from 316 cows distributed in 24 dairy herds. Biofilm-forming ability was assessed using the microplate method, while antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method against 13 antimicrobials. Among the isolates examined, 57.3% of Staph. aureus and 53.8% of Strep. uberis exhibited the ability to produce biofilm, which was categorized as strong, moderate, or weak. In terms of antimicrobial susceptibility, Staph. aureus isolates displayed resistance to penicillin (92.9%), ampicillin (50.8%), and tetracycline (52.7%). Conversely, Strep. uberis isolates exhibited resistance to penicillin (80.6%), oxacillin (80.6%), and tetracycline (37.8%). However, no significant correlation was found between antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability among the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. Fidelis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.E.F.); (A.M.O.); (G.F.)
| | - Alessandra M. Orsi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.E.F.); (A.M.O.); (G.F.)
| | - Gustavo Freu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.E.F.); (A.M.O.); (G.F.)
| | - Juliano L. Gonçalves
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA;
| | - Marcos V. dos Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.E.F.); (A.M.O.); (G.F.)
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Bhat RR, Bhat NN, Shabir A, Mir MUR, Ahmad SB, Hussain I, Hussain SA, Ali A, Shamim K, Rehman MU. SNP Analysis of TLR4 Promoter and Its Transcriptional Factor Binding Profile in Relevance to Bovine Subclinical Mastitis. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10578-4. [PMID: 38158465 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a complex infectious disease that develops in the mammary gland, predominantly caused by a bacterial infection of mammary tissue. Genetic variability of mastitis is well established and depends upon different quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to mastitis resistance or susceptibility. The susceptibility is often attributed to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the variable cow breed genomes. Several global investigative attempts have resulted in studies mapping mastitis to the variations in the relevant genes. Reports have been attributed to dramatic genetic expression changes in Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) genes in mastitis-positive cows. However, the mechanism behind this variable genetic expression of TLR4 genes has been studied poorly. The present study aims to investigate SCM through various screening tests like somatic cell count (SCC), electric conductivity (EC), pH, and California mastitis test (CMT) in milk samples. This study also aims to investigate possible mechanisms behind this variable expression of TLR4 by comparative SNP evaluation and transcriptional factor profile mining. So that the important genetic mutations and effects thereof can be exploited in selecting specific breeds with higher mastitis resistance and milk yield. Seventy Holstein Frisian (HF) crossbred dairy cows were selected in the present study. The animals were screened based on various diagnostic tests (SCC, pH, EC, and CMT). Blood samples (5 mL) were collected for extraction of DNA followed by amplification of PPR1 and PPR2 of the promoter region and 5'UTR of the bovine TLR4 gene using specific primers. Sanger's enzymatic DNA sequencing technique sequenced the amplified PCR products. Further, the identification of SNPs was done through various bioinformatic tools used in this study. The findings of the present study revealed that CMT, EC, pH, and SCC could be used for the early detection of subclinical mastitis. In the present study, a significant increase in the EC, pH, and SCC in milk samples of animals affected with SCM was found in comparison to the healthy animals. The present study also revealed 16 SNPs falling in TLR4 promoter and 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) sequences in mastitis-positive genotypes compared to reference genomes. The study also investigates the potential transcriptional factor program deployed in response to variable mastitis development resistance. In the present study, the allelic and genotype frequencies of all SNP variants in the three regions viz., PPR1, PPR2, and 5'UTR, were the same indicating the absence of heterozygous condition at the respective loci. The present study has wide applicability for researchers developing mastitis-resistant breeding programs and the data generated may aid in the selection of better genetic breeds. The transcription factor binding profiles can serve as concrete leads about the studies on bovine mastitis at the molecular level and may also aid global research groups working on transcription factor (TF)-based molecular pathology of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Razak Bhat
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Nadiem Nazir Bhat
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Ambreen Shabir
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-Kashmir, Rangil, Ganderbal, J&K, 191201, India
| | - Manzoor Ur Rahman Mir
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India.
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Ishraq Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Syed Ashaq Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Aarif Ali
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India.
| | - Kashif Shamim
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Rychshanova R, Mendybayeva A, Miciński B, Mamiyev N, Shevchenko P, Bermukhametov Z, Orzechowski B, Miciński J. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy cows at the stage of subclinical mastitis in northern Kazakhstan. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:439-448. [PMID: 36756165 PMCID: PMC9901520 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-439-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important causative agent of subclinical bovine mastitis worldwide. The aim of this research was to study the ability of S. aureus to form biofilms. Additionally, we examined the genes involved in cell resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics. Samples were collected from December 2020 to May 2021 from Simmental and black-and-white cows. The study was carried out on a total number of 643 cows, of which 278 (23 %) were in the subclinical mastitis stage. Finally, 64 S. aureus isolates were isolated and identified. The highest level of phenotypic resistance was observed to antibiotics of the tetracycline (tetracycline - 48.4 %, doxycycline - 32.8 %) and β -lactam (ampicillin - 45.3 %, penicillin - 45.3 %) groups. The genes encoding antibiotic resistance were characterized with the polymerase chain reaction method: blaZ in 30 isolates, mecA in 1 isolate, ermC in 15 isolates, aph (3) in 2 isolates, tetK in 19 isolates, tetM in 9 isolates. The tested S. aureus isolates had the ability to form biofilms in 76.6 % ( 49 / 64 ) of cases. Of these, 69.4 % were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The obtained results have shown that S. aureus, identified in cows with subclinical mastitis, was resistant mainly to tetracycline and β -lactam antibiotics. In addition, S. aureus isolates expressed resistance genes to the above drugs and had the ability to form biofilm. This study will help to identify the extent of antibiotic resistance and monitor S. aureus contamination of raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Rychshanova
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Baitursynov University,
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Anara Mendybayeva
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Baitursynov University,
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Bartosz Miciński
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5/150, 10-719
Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Nurlan Mamiyev
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Baitursynov University,
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Pavel Shevchenko
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Baitursynov University,
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Bartosz Orzechowski
- Department of Sheep and Goat Breeding, Faculty of Animal
Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5/150, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Miciński
- Department of Sheep and Goat Breeding, Faculty of Animal
Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5/150, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Avila-Novoa MG, Solis-Velazquez OA, Guerrero-Medina PJ, González-Gómez JP, González-Torres B, Velázquez-Suárez NY, Martínez-Chávez L, Martínez-Gonzáles NE, De la Cruz-Color L, Ibarra-Velázquez LM, Cardona-López MA, Robles-García MÁ, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M. Genetic and compositional analysis of biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food contact surfaces. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001700. [PMID: 36532477 PMCID: PMC9755592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that can form biofilms on food contact surfaces (FCS) in the dairy industry, posing a serious food safety, and quality concern. Biofilm is a complex system, influenced by nutritional-related factors that regulate the synthesis of the components of the biofilm matrix. This study determines the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes and evaluates the development under different growth conditions and compositions of biofilms produced by S. aureus. METHODS Biofilms were developed in TSB, TSBG, TSBNaCl, and TSBGNaCl on stainless-steel (SS), with enumeration at 24 and 192 h visualized by epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of biofilms was determined using enzymatic and chemical treatments and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 84 S. aureus (SA1-SA84) strains were collected from 293 dairy industry FCS (FCS-stainless steel [n = 183] and FCS-polypropylene [n = 110]) for this study. The isolates harbored the genes sigB (66%), sar (53%), agrD (52%), clfB/clfA (38%), fnbA/fnbB (20%), and bap (9.5%). 99. In particular, the biofilm formed by bap-positive S. aureus onto SS showed a high cell density in all culture media at 192 h in comparison with the biofilms formed at 24 h (p < 0.05). Epifluorescence microscopy and SEM revealed the metabolically active cells and the different stages of biofilm formation. CLSM analysis detected extracellular polymeric of S. aureus biofilms on SS, such as eDNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Finally, the level of detachment on being treated with DNase I (44.7%) and NaIO 4(42.4%) was greater in the biofilms developed in TSB compared to culture medium supplemented with NaCl at 24 h; however, there was no significant difference when the culture medium was supplemented with glucose. In addition, after treatment with proteinase K, there was a lower level of biomass detachment (17.7%) of the biofilm developed in TSBNaCl (p < 0.05 at 24 h) compared to that in TSB, TSBG, and TSBGNaCl (33.6, 36.9, and 37.8%, respectively). These results represent a deep insight into the composition of S. aureus biofilms present in the dairy industry, which promotes the development of more efficient composition-specific disinfection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Oscar Alberto Solis-Velazquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerrero-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pierre González-Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Berenice González-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Noemí Yolanda Velázquez-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Martínez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nanci Edid Martínez-Gonzáles
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucia De la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luz María Ibarra-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Cardona-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Robles-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
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de Oliveira RP, da Silva JG, Aragão BB, de Carvalho RG, Juliano MA, Frazzon J, Farias MPO, Mota RA. Diversity and emergence of multi-resistant Staphylococcus spp. isolated from subclinical mastitis in cows in of the state of Piauí, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2215-2222. [PMID: 36074251 PMCID: PMC9679087 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to identify the diversity of bacterial species of the genus Staphylococcus spp. in subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in the state of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil, and to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic resistance profile. Samples were obtained from a total of 17 dairy farms, amounting to 321 positive samples in the California Mastitis Test. Staphylococcus spp. were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. Subsequently, an antibiogram was performed, and a polymerase chain reaction was carried out to screen for resistance genes in the isolates. Among all the isolates, 59.45% (110/185) belonged to the Staphylococcus genus. Moreover, the following Staphylococcus spp. were identified Staphylococcus aureus, 68.1% (75/110); Staphylococcus chromogenes, 12.7% (14/110); Staphylococcus epidermidis, 5.4% (6/110); Staphylococcus sciuri, 4.5% (5/110); Staphylococcus warneri, 2.7% (3/110); Staphylococcus haemolyticus, 1.8% (2/110); Staphylococcus hominis, 1.8% (2/110); Staphylococcus arlettae, 0.9% (1/110); Staphylococcus capitis, 0.9% (1/110); and Staphylococcus gallinarum, 0.9% (1/110). The antibiogram showed a high frequency of resistance to penicillin and ampicillin, 70.0% (77/110) and 61.8% (68/110), respectively, and a low frequency of resistance to gentamicin and vancomycin, 10.9% (12/110) and 11.8% (13/110), respectively. In the genotypic tests for the different species of Staphylococcus spp., the occurrence of the blaZ gene was observed in 60.9% (67/110) of the isolates, followed by tetL and tetM, both with 20.0% (22/110) each, and the mecA and vanB genes were detected in 0.9% (1/110) of the samples. The identification of all Staphylococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitis cases and the phenotypic and genotypic resistance characterization in these isolates is of great importance for dairy farming in the state of Piauí, as well as for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Givanildo da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Breno Bezerra Aragão
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Kobayashi K, Omatsu N, Han L, Shan-Ni L, Nishimura T. Early effects of lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus on milk production-related signaling pathways in mouse mammary epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2022; 420:113352. [PMID: 36108712 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes subclinical mastitis; lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from S. aureus causes mastitis-like adverse effects on milk production by mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Here, we investigated the early effects of LTA from S. aureus on mouse MECs using a culture model, in which MECs produced milk components and formed less permeable tight junctions (TJs). In MECs of this model, Toll-like receptor 2 (receptor for LTA), was localized on the apical membrane, similar to MECs in lactating mammary glands. LTA weakened the TJ barrier within 1 h, concurrently with localization changes of claudin 4. LTA treatment for 24 h increased αS1-casein and decreased β-casein levels. In MECs exposed to LTA, the activation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (major transcriptional factor for milk production) was low. LTA activated signaling pathways related to cell survival (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, heat shock protein 27, and Akt) and inflammation (p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and nuclear factor κB). Thus, LTA caused abnormalities in casein production and weakened the TJs by affecting multiple signaling pathways in MECs. LTA-induced changes in signaling pathways were not uniform in all MECs. Such complex and semi-negative actions of LTA may contribute to subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Naoki Omatsu
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Liang Han
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Lu Shan-Ni
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan.
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9
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Antibiotics Resistance and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Isolated from Raw Milk from Handmade Dairy Retail Stores in Hefei City, China. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152185. [PMID: 35892770 PMCID: PMC9330789 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Handmade dairy products, which retain the nutrients in milk to the greatest extent, have become popular in China recently. However, no investigation regarding the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in raw milk of handmade dairy retail stores has been reported. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence, biofilm formation, and genetic diversity of S. aureus in raw milk from handmade dairy retail stores in Hefei, China. After 10 months of long-term monitoring, 50 S. aureus strains were isolated from 69 different raw milk samples, of which 6 were positive for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The resistance rates of these isolates to ampicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, chloramphenicol, and doxycycline were 56, 54, 40, 24, 22, 22, 18, 14, 8 and 6%, respectively. All 50 isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and 29 strains (58%) showed multidrug resistance phenotype. For enterotoxins genes, selp (14%) was detected the most frequently, followed by sea (6%), sec (4%), sei (4%), ser (4%), selj (4%), and seh (2%). By microplate assay, 32 and 68% of the strains showed moderate and strong biofilm formation ability, respectively. Fifty isolates were discriminated into nine spa types, and the most common spa typing was t034 (42%). The results of this study indicate that S. aureus from raw milk may constitute a risk concerning food poisoning, and more attention must be given to awareness and hygienic measures in the food industry.
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10
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Ibrahim ES, Arafa AA, Dorgam SM, Eid RH, Atta NS, El-Dabae WH, Gaber ES. Molecular characterization of genes responsible for biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic cows. Vet World 2022; 15:205-212. [PMID: 35369599 PMCID: PMC8924378 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.205-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mastitis is considered a significant disease of lactating animals. There are new attitudes for recognizing genes responsible for causing this disease to overcome and change the manipulation of this problem. This study aimed to isolate and identify Staphylococcusaureus strains from mastitic bovine animals and detect some specific biofilm-forming genes (icaA, icaD, and biofilm-associated protein [bap] genes clfA, fnbA, agrI, agrII, agrIII, agrIV, and cna). Materials and Methods: A total of 121 mastitic milk samples were analyzed using biochemical tests (catalase test, oxidative-fermentative test, and coagulase test) and Gram stain. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was applied to characterize biofilm genes (icaA, icaD, bap, clfA, and fnbA) in addition to (agrI, agrII, agrIII, agrIV, and cna). Results: Among the 121 milk samples, 35 staphylococci isolates were derived with an incidence of 28.92% (35/121); among them, 19 are coagulase positive. Ninety percent of the isolates had ica genes (icaA and icaD) while bap gene was not recognized in any isolate. In addition, the incidence of fnbA, can, andclfA was 89.5% each. The prevalence of agr specific groups (agrI, agrII, agrIII, and agrIV) was 78.9%, 52.6%, 10.5%, and 15.8%, respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that S. aureus has variant mechanisms of pathogenicity to form biofilm devoid of carrying a specific gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Shafeek Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sohad Mohamed Dorgam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha Hamdy Eid
- Udder Health and Neonatal Disease, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Sayed Atta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Eslam Sadek Gaber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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11
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Kim G, Xu YJ, Farha AK, Sui ZQ, Corke H. Bactericidal and antibiofilm properties of Rumex japonicus Houtt. on multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:2011-2024. [PMID: 34955261 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm formation have been challenging to control in milk and dairy industries. Biofilms formed by Staph. aureus may result in the failure of antibacterial agents and disinfectants to penetrate the biofilm in an attempt to control contamination. Novel natural antibacterial agents are required to combat MDR bacteria and biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the bactericidal, antibiofilm, and antimotility effects of Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RJH) extract on MDR Staph. aureus isolated from milk. The RJH extract exhibited good antibacterial activity against MDR strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.78 to 6.25 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 12.5 mg/mL. The extract showed strong inhibition of biofilm formation (81.9%) at sub-MIC value and eradication of biofilm at higher concentrations. The motility of Staph. aureus was effectively blocked by the extract. Major compounds emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion were identified in RJH extract using HPLC-linear trap quadrupole (LTQ)/Orbitrap-mass spectrometry. The extract was nontoxic to human epithelial cell lines such as Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL, and from 0.1 to 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that RJH extract could be an alternative to synthetic preservatives in milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y J Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - A K Farha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Z Q Sui
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - H Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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12
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Rather MA, Gupta K, Mandal M. Microbial biofilm: formation, architecture, antibiotic resistance, and control strategies. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1701-1718. [PMID: 34558029 PMCID: PMC8578483 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of microorganisms over a surface and their ability to develop resistance against available antibiotics are major concerns of interest. To survive against harsh environmental conditions including known antibiotics, the microorganisms form a unique structure, referred to as biofilm. The mechanism of biofilm formation is triggered and regulated by quorum sensing, hostile environmental conditions, nutrient availability, hydrodynamic conditions, cell-to-cell communication, signaling cascades, and secondary messengers. Antibiotic resistance, escape of microbes from the body's immune system, recalcitrant infections, biofilm-associated deaths, and food spoilage are some of the problems associated with microbial biofilms which pose a threat to humans, veterinary, and food processing sectors. In this review, we focus in detail on biofilm formation, its architecture, composition, genes and signaling cascades involved, and multifold antibiotic resistance exhibited by microorganisms dwelling within biofilms. We also highlight different physical, chemical, and biological biofilm control strategies including those based on plant products. So, this review aims at providing researchers the knowledge regarding recent advances on the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation at the molecular level as well as the emergent method used to get rid of antibiotic-resistant and life-threatening biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Ahmad Rather
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (A Central University), Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kuldeep Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (A Central University), Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Manabendra Mandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (A Central University), Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
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13
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Liao G, Wu Z, Lv J, Ren Q, Chen W. Investigation of clonal diversity, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from raw cow milk in southern Xinjiang, China. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 67:245-252. [PMID: 34735675 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to characterize 71 of S. aureus isolates from raw cow milk in southern Xinjiang of China, including molecular typing, distribution of virulence genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility. The isolates belonged to 18 sequence types (STs) (including 11 novel STs) and 6 spa types which were divided into five different clonal complexes (CCs), including CC188, CC352, CC22, CC398, and CC5406. The majority of the strains was grouped into multilocus sequence typing (MLST) CC188 (n = 41), t189 (n = 40), and ST5796 (n = 17). Only 30.9, 12.7, 11.3, and 9.9% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin/norfloxacin, tetracycline, and gentamicin, respectively. Nine of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were observed which was associated with CC398-t2876. The adhesion molecules clfa, clfb, and hlb were most frequently detected with the percentage rate of 98.6% (70/71), 98.6% (70/71), and 90.1% (64/71), respectively. The percentage rates of the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes sea, seb, sec, sed, seg, and sei in S. aureus isolates were 5.6, 19.8, 40.8, 1.4, 49.3, and 30.9%, respectively. The see, seh, and sej genes were not found. This study provides data about the occurrence of S. aureus in raw cow milk, revealing high carriage frequency, drug resistance, and population structure of S. aureus. Furthermore, this study suggests that effective hygienic measures be taken when handling dairy cows, in order to prevent spreading MDR strains to human through direct contact and/or consumption of contaminated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 86-843300, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 86-843300, China
| | - Junfan Lv
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry and Science Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, 86-843300, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 86-843300, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 86-843300, China. .,College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry and Science Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, 86-843300, China.
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14
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Kou X, Cai H, Huang S, Ni Y, Luo B, Qian H, Ji H, Wang X. Prevalence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Retail Raw Milk in Northern Xinjiang, China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705947. [PMID: 34434176 PMCID: PMC8381379 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main pathogens causing mastitis in dairy animals worldwide. It is an important opportunistic pathogen of raw milk, and the enterotoxin causes significant food poisoning. Monitoring the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus in raw milk is helpful for a risk assessment of S. aureus. In this study, 62 strains (43.1%) of S. aureus were isolated from 144 retail raw milk samples of different varieties from four regions in northern Xinjiang, China. Among them, the isolation rates at Shihezi, Hami, Altay, and Tacheng were 58.1% (54/93), 12.9% (4/31), 18.2% (2/11), and 22.2% (2/9), respectively. The isolation rate of positive strains in cow milk samples was the highest (61.7%, 37/60), followed by camel milk (35.9%, 23/64), and horse milk (10.0%, 2/20). The results of the classical virulence genes test showed that 12.9% (8/62) of the isolates carried at least one virulence gene. The main genotype was see (6.5%, 4/62), followed by sea+sec (3.2%, 2/62), sea (1.6%, 1/62), and sec (1.6%, 1/62). The analysis of 13 resistance genes and the susceptibility to 12 different antibiotics of 62 isolates showed that 80.6% (50/62) of the strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 46.8% (29/62) were resistant to three or more antibiotics. The isolated strains had the highest resistance rate to penicillin (72.6%, 45/62), and 25.8% (16/62) of the isolates carried the blaZ resistance gene. In addition, 32 strains (51.6%, 32/62) of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were detected. All isolates had the ability to form biofilms. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results showed that the 47 isolates revealed 13 major pulsotypes (P1–P13) and 26 subtypes with 80% similarity, indicating the overall genetic diversity in the distribution area and sources of the samples. These findings indicate that S. aureus causes serious pollution of raw milk in northern Xinjiang, which has a negative effect on public health. Therefore, control measures and continuous monitoring should be undertaken to ensure the quality and safety of raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Kou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Huixue Cai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shudi Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Baolong Luo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hao Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hua Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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15
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Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from dairy products: Relationship of ica-dependent/independent and components of biofilms produced in vitro. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Pedersen RR, Krömker V, Bjarnsholt T, Dahl-Pedersen K, Buhl R, Jørgensen E. Biofilm Research in Bovine Mastitis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:656810. [PMID: 34026893 PMCID: PMC8138050 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.656810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most important diseases in the dairy industry and has detrimental impact on the economy and welfare of the animals. Further, treatment failure results in increased antibiotic use in the dairy industry, as some of these mastitis cases for unknown reasons are not resolved despite standard antibiotic treatment. Chronic biofilm infections are notoriously known to be difficult to eradicate with antibiotics and biofilm formation could be a possible explanation for mastitis cases that are not resolved by standard treatment. This paper reviews the current literature on biofilm in bovine mastitis research to evaluate the status and methods used in the literature. Focus of the current research has been on isolates from milk samples and investigation of their biofilm forming properties in vitro. However, in vitro observations of biofilm formation are not easily comparable with the in vivo situation inside the udder. Only two papers investigate the location and distribution of bacterial biofilms inside udders of dairy cows with mastitis. Based on the current knowledge, the role of biofilm in bovine mastitis is still unclear and more in vivo investigations are needed to uncover the actual role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regitze Renee Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volker Krömker
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirstin Dahl-Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Buhl
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elin Jørgensen
- Department Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Nunes DOS, Vinturelle R, Martins FJ, Dos Santos TF, Valverde AL, Ribeiro CMR, Castro HC, Folly E. Biotechnological Potential of Eugenol and Thymol Derivatives Against Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1846-1855. [PMID: 33861370 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an infectious disease that affects the mammary gland of dairy cattle with considerable economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus is the main microorganism involved in this highly contagious process, and the treatment is only using antibiotics. Currently, the search for new treatment and/or compounds is still in need due to microbial resistance. In this work, we evaluated the potential of eugenol and thymol derivatives against S. aureus strains from bovine mastitis. On that purpose, nine derivatives were synthesized from eugenol and thymol (1-9), and tested against 15 strains of S. aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis. Initially, the strains were evaluated for the biofilm production profile, and those with strong adherence were selected to the antimicrobial sensitivity determination in the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays. Herein the compounds toxicity was also evaluated by in silico analysis using Osiris DataWarrior® software. The results showed that 60% of the strains were considered strongly adherent and three strains (S. aureus 4271, 4745 and 4746) were selected for the MIC tests. Among the nine eugenol and thymol derivatives tested, four were active against the evaluated strains (MIC = 32 µg mL-1) within CLSI standard values. In silico analysis showed that all derivatives had cLopP < 5, cLogS > - 4 and TPSA < 140 Å2, and similar theoretical toxicity parameters to some antibiotics currently on the market. These molecules also showed negative drug-likeness values, pointing to the originality of these structures and theoretical feasibility on escaping of resistance mechanism and act against resistant strains. Thus, these eugenol derivatives may be considered as promising for the development of new treatments against bovine mastitis and future exploring on this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana O S Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil.,Laboratório de Estudos em Pragas e Parasitos (LEPP), UFF, IB, Department of Cellularand Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaelle Vinturelle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil.,Laboratório de Estudos em Pragas e Parasitos (LEPP), UFF, IB, Department of Cellularand Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francislene J Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil.,Laboratório de Antibióticos, Bioquímica, Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABIEMOL), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Thiago F Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Leda Valverde
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Carlos Magno R Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Helena C Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil.,Laboratório de Antibióticos, Bioquímica, Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABIEMOL), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Evelize Folly
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/no, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Estudos em Pragas e Parasitos (LEPP), UFF, IB, Department of Cellularand Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Orellano MS, Bohl LP, Breser ML, Isaac P, Falcone RD, Porporatto C. A comparative study of antimicrobial activity of differently-synthesized chitosan nanoparticles against bovine mastitis pathogens. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:694-703. [PMID: 33216104 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The greatest concern in dairy farming nowadays is bovine mastitis (BM), which results mainly from bacterial colonization of the mammary gland. Antibiotics are the most widely used strategy for its prevention and treatment, but overuse has led to growing antimicrobial resistance. Pathogens have also developed other mechanisms to persist in the udder, such as biofilm formation and internalization into bovine epithelial cells. New therapies are therefore needed to reduce or replace antibiotic therapies. In a previous study, we found that chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs) have considerable potential for the treatment of BM. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of differently-synthesized Ch-NPs against BM pathogens and their toxicity in bovine cells in vitro, to further explore the attributes of Ch-NPs for the prevention and treatment of intramammary infections. We also looked into their ability to inhibit biofilm formation and prevent the internalization of S. aureus into mammary epithelial cells. Finally, since an interesting approach for BM prevention is to enhance the host's immune response, we studied whether Ch-NPs could promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mammary epithelial cells. The results reveal that the bactericidal effect of Ch-NPs on BM pathogens and their ability to inhibit biofilm formation are size-dependent, with smaller particles being more efficient. In contrast, their effect on the viability of the cell lines is not size-dependent and all samples tested were non-toxic. The smallest Ch-NPs successfully prevented the internalization of S. aureus into the cells, but did not promote the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings make it possible to conclude that Ch-NPs are a great bactericidal agent which can prevent the main mechanisms developed by BM pathogens to persist in the udder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledad Orellano
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT-VM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Argentina. and Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), CONICET. Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Luciana P Bohl
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT-VM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Argentina.
| | - María L Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT-VM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Argentina.
| | - Paula Isaac
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT-VM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Argentina.
| | - R Darío Falcone
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), CONICET. Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT-VM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Argentina.
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19
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Liu K, Tao L, Li J, Fang L, Cui L, Li J, Meng X, Zhu G, Bi C, Wang H. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates From Cases of Clinical Bovine Mastitis on Large-Scale Chinese Dairy Farms. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:580129. [PMID: 33426015 PMCID: PMC7793989 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a prevalent disease that causes serious economic problems globally in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen of bovine mastitis. This study was conducted to characterize S. aureus isolates from clinical bovine mastitis cases in large-scale dairy herds in China. S. aureus was isolated from 624 clinical mastitis cases and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In total, 62 S. aureus isolates were obtained. Cluster analysis, genetic diversity, quantification of biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and detection of virulence genes were performed on these isolates of S. aureus. Eight isolates harbored the mecA gene and were sensitive to oxacillin. MALDI-TOF MS cluster analysis revealed that the 62 isolates were divided into three major clusters (I, II, III) and eight main groups (A–H) at the distance level of 700. The agr II was the most prevalent (56.5%). The 62 S. aureus isolates were assigned to seven spa types. The most common spa type was t529(58.1%), followed by t2196 (14.5%), t518 (14.5%), t571(6.5%), t034 (3.2%), t2734 (1.6%), and t730 (1.6%). Five STs were identified from seven representative isolates as follows: ST630/CC8, ST97/CC97, ST50, ST398, and ST705. All isolates had the ability to form biofilm. Antimicrobial resistance was most frequently observed to ciprofloxacin (29%), followed by penicillin (24.2%), and streptomycin (9.6%). All isolates harbored the fnbA, clfB (100%), icaA, and icaD genes. This study provides the basis for the development of bovine mastitis prevention program on large-scale dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chongliang Bi
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
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20
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Prajapati A, Chanda MM, Dhayalan A, Yogisharadhya R, Chaudhary JK, Mohanty NN, Shivachandra SB. Variability in in vitro biofilm production and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern among Pasteurella multocida strains. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:938-950. [PMID: 33059484 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1833192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm production, hitherto an uncharacterized feature among circulating Pasteurella multocida strains, was studied along with the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. On the basis of biofilm formation ability, all the strains were categorized into four groups under six different culture conditions: strong biofilm-forming (22%), moderate (19%), weak (51%), and non-adherent (7%). Strains from serogroups A and B formed significant biofilms in at least one culture condition whereas strains from serogroup D were unable to form biofilms. All strains were found to be susceptible to tetracycline. In addition, the correlation between diverse factors (host, capsule type, clinical condition and the tadD gene) as well as antimicrobial susceptibility in biofilm production were analyzed by Joint distribution models, and showed that enrofloxacin and azithromycin resistant strains were positively correlated with strong biofilm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Prajapati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Mudassar Chanda
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arul Dhayalan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Revanaiah Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Chaudhary
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (CAU), Aizwal, Mizoram, India
| | - Nihar Nalini Mohanty
- CCS-National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh (UP), India
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21
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Rivera Aguayo P, Bruna Larenas T, Alarcón Godoy C, Cayupe Rivas B, González-Casanova J, Rojas-Gómez D, Caro Fuentes N. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Capacity of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Wild Type Strain of Pseudomonas sp. Isolated from Milk of Cows Diagnosed with Bovine Mastitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090551. [PMID: 32872146 PMCID: PMC7558502 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is the most prevalent bacterial infection in the livestock sector, affecting the dairy industry greatly. The prevention and treatment of this disease is mainly made via antibiotics, but the increasing antimicrobial resistance of pathogens has affected the efficiency of conventional drugs. Pseudomonas sp. is one of the pathogens involved in this infection. The therapeutic rate of cure for this environmental mastitis-causing pathogen is practically zero, regardless of treatment. Biofilm formation has been one of the main virulence mechanisms of Pseudomonas hence presenting resistance to antibiotic therapy. We have manufactured chitosan nanoparticles (NQo) with tripolyphosphate (TPP) using ionotropic gelation. These NQo were confronted against a Pseudomonas sp. strain isolated from milk samples of cows diagnosed with BM, to evaluate their antimicrobial and antibiofilm capacity. The NQo showed great antibacterial effect in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and disk diffusion assays. Using sub lethal concentrations, NQo were tested for inhibition of biofilm formation. The results show that the nanoparticles exhibited biofilm inhibition and were capable of eradicate pre-existing mature biofilm. These findings indicate that the NQo could act as a potential alternative to antibiotic treatment of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rivera Aguayo
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Tamara Bruna Larenas
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Carlos Alarcón Godoy
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Bernardita Cayupe Rivas
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Jorge González-Casanova
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
| | - Diana Rojas-Gómez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Nelson Caro Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-22-3624720
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22
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Koskenniemi H, Laakkonen J. Estimating the amount of collagen and elastic fibres in bovine teats. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:859-862. [PMID: 32656851 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The amount of collagen and elastic fibres near the Fürstenberg's rosette in histological sections of bovine teats was estimated using the ImageJ image processing software. This method holds promise for comparing tissue types within and between sections but it was not a reliable way to quantify the absolute amount of tissue types in a sample. The amount of elastic fibres and collagen was similar in cow teats with a history or acute case of mastitis infection and in non-infected cows, but this could not be statistically tested due to limitations in the study material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Koskenniemi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Laakkonen
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Bacterial Endotoxin Induces Oxidative Stress and Reduces Milk Protein Expression and Hypoxia in the Mouse Mammary Gland. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3894309. [PMID: 32273941 PMCID: PMC7128054 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3894309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the reduced milk production during mastitis. We hypothesized that bacterial endotoxin induces hypoxia, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis while inhibiting milk gene expression in the mammary gland. To test this hypothesis, the left and right sides of the 4th pair of mouse mammary glands were alternatively injected with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS, E. coli 055: B5, 100 μL of 0.2 mg/mL) or sterile PBS through the teat meatus 3 days postpartum. At 10.5 and 22.5 h postinjection, pimonidazole HCl, a hypoxyprobe, was injected intraperitoneally. At 12 or 24 h after the LPS injection, the 4th glands were individually collected (n = 8) and analyzed. LPS treatment induced mammary inflammation at both 12 and 24 h but promoted cell apoptosis only at 12 h. Consistently, H2O2 content was increased at 12 h (P < 0.01), but dropped dramatically at 24 h (P < 0.01) in the LPS-treated gland. Nevertheless, the total antioxidative capacity in tissue tended to be decreased by LPS at both 12 and 24 h (P = 0.07 and 0.06, respectively). In agreement with these findings, LPS increased or tended to increase the mRNA expression of antioxidative genes Nqo1 at 12 h (P = 0.05) and SLC7A11 at 24 h (P = 0.08). In addition, LPS inhibited mammary expression of Csn2 and Lalba across time and protein expression of Csn1s1 at 24 h (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hypoxyprobe staining intensity was greater in the alveoli of the PBS-treated gland than the LPS-treated gland at both 12 and 24 h, demonstrating a rise in oxygen tension by LPS treatment. In summary, our observations indicated that while intramammary LPS challenge incurs inflammation, it induces oxidative stress, increases cell apoptosis and oxygen tension, and differentially inhibits the milk protein expression in the mammary gland.
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24
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Ren Q, Liao G, Wu Z, Lv J, Chen W. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from subclinical bovine mastitis in southern Xinjiang, China. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3368-3380. [PMID: 32008777 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens causing mastitis in dairy herds. The colonization of dairy cows and subsequent contamination of raw milk by S. aureus, especially strains exhibiting multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming and toxin-producing abilities, remains an important issue for both dairy farmers and public health. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, and genetic diversity of S. aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis in dairy farms located in southern Xinjiang, China. Sixty-five isolates from 84 subclinical mastitic milk samples were identified as S. aureus. The resistance rates to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, linezolid, rifampicin, quinupudin-dafupudin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and chloramphenicol were 58.5, 44.6, 40.0, 18.5, 12.3, 10.8, 9.2, 6.2, 4.6, 4.6, and 1.5%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and vancomycin. Isolates from farm A showed a significantly higher resistance rate to tetracycline (16.9%) than those from farm B (1.5%). The most frequently detected virulence factors were hla (96.9%, 63/65) and hlb (100.0%, 65/65). The percentage rates of the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes sea, sec, sed, seg, seh, sei, and sej in S. aureus isolates were 4.6, 33.8, 27.7, 3.1, 41.5, 41.5, and 7.7%, respectively. The percentage rate of the sec gene in isolates from farm B (30.8%) was significantly higher than that of farm A (3.1%). The percentage rates of the tsst and pvl genes in S. aureus isolates were 26.2 and 40.0%. The percentage rate of the pvl gene in isolates from farm B (32.3%) was significantly higher than that of farm A (7.7%). The adhesion molecules fnbA, fnbB, clfA, clfB, and cna were detected in 21 (32.3%), 23 (35.4%), 65 (100.0%), 65 (100.0%), and 65 (100.0%) isolates, respectively. The percentage rates of the icaA, sarA, tcaR, ccp, luxS, and sigB genes in S. aureus isolates were 69.2, 100.0, 86.2, 95.4, 84.6, and 100.0%, respectively. The fnbB and icaA genes were more frequently detected in isolates from farm A (29.2 and 40.0%, respectively) than those from farm B (6.2 and 29.2%, respectively). The luxS gene was more often found in isolates from farm B (50.8%) than those from farm A (33.8%). Using the microplate method, 61.5, 26.2, and 10.8% of the isolates showed weak, moderate, and strong biofilm-forming abilities, respectively. Different clonal complex (CC) and spa-types were identified, including CC81, CC398, CC88, CC5405, and CC5406. Importantly, in this study we report for the first time 41 new sequence types (ST) among 44 distinct ST. These results indicated high genetic diversity of S. aureus involved in subclinical bovine mastitis in southern Xinjiang, China. The results also showed that S. aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis cases in southern Xinjiang, China, were mainly resistant to β-lactams, erythromycin, and clindamycin. Also, biofilm- and adhesion-related genes, which are increasingly known as important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections, were detected at a high rate. This study could help identify predominant clones and provide surveillance measures to decrease or eliminate S. aureus contamination in raw milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 86-843300, China
| | - Guanghua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 86-843300, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandy and Science Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar 86-843300, China
| | - Junfan Lv
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandy and Science Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar 86-843300, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 86-843300, China; College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandy and Science Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar 86-843300, China.
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25
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Thongratsakul S, Usui M, Higuchi H, Takahashi T, Sato T, Poolkhet C, Tamura Y. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in raw milk from cows in Hokkaido, Japan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1631-1637. [PMID: 31845117 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypes and genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw bovine milk in Hokkaido, Japan. S. aureus isolates were identified in 135 of 436 milk samples from cows with and without signs of mastitis from three farms in Hokkaido. These clinical isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, molecular typing using phage-open-reading frame typing (POT), coagulase gene type, virulence genes, and biofilm-associated genes and were evaluated for biofilm-forming ability. Most isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested. The highest rate of resistance was to ampicillin. Molecular typing of all S. aureus isolates indicated a predominance of coagulase type VI and 0-17-34 POT type, and virulence genes were highly prevalent in the isolates from all farms. Moreover, a high percentage of the 0-17-34 POT type isolates showed extensive formation of biofilm. These findings will help veterinarians and farmers to understand the epidemiology of S. aureus so that they can monitor the transmission and spread of this pathogen and control it more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Thongratsakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takahashi
- Livestock Hygiene, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chaithep Poolkhet
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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BHATI TARUNA, KATARIA AK. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from mastitic milk, udder surfaces and milkers' hands from arid and semi arid regions of India for capsular (cap5K and cap8K) and collagen adhesin (cna) genes. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i11.95856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important cause of bovine mastitis. The antiphagocytic capsule of bacteria promotes colonization and persistence on mucosal surfaces while the presence of collagen adhesin (cna gene) is associated with bacterial adhesion in mammary tissues; hence both are regarded as important determinants of virulence. In the present study, 197 samples consisting of mastitic milk, milkers' hand swabs and udder surface swabs were collected which yielded 107 S. aureus isolates. These S. aureus isolates (107) from different sources of sampling were characterized for their capsular types targeting cap5K and cap8K genes in a duplex PCR along with amplification of cna gene. Majority of the isolates (67.6%) possessed cap5K gene with a lower percentage (22.9%) of isolates carrying cap8K gene and 9.5% carrying both the genes. Moreover, cap5K gene was predominant in isolates from milkers’ hands (85.7%) while cap8K gene was more common in bovine udder isolates (41.2%). cna gene was observed in 27.6% isolates with highest occurrence in milk isolates (44.8%) compared to udder (37.9%) and milkers' hand (17.2%). cna positive isolates carried cap8K gene (66.7%) and were significantly associated with both cap5k and cap8k genes. In conclusion, the majority of the S. aureus isolates of mastitis obtained from arid and semi arid zones of India possessed the genes for capsule production, and cap5K was the predominant gene. The cna gene for collagen adhesion was observed in fewer isolates with significant association with cap8K gene.
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Yang F, Zhang S, Shang X, Li H, Zhang H, Cui D, Wang X, Wang L, Yan Z, Sun Y. Short communication: Detection and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis cases in China. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:840-845. [PMID: 31733844 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from cases of subclinical bovine mastitis in China, as well as resistance mechanisms and virulence genes encoding adhesins and toxins. We determined antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method, and analyzed resistance, adhesin, and toxin genes using PCR. We confirmed MRSA in 73 of 498 (14.7%) Staph. aureus isolates recovered from subclinical mastitic milk samples. All isolates were positive for mecA. The MRSA isolates showed high resistance to penicillin (100.0%), gentamicin (100.0%), and tetracycline (98.6%). All MRSA isolates harbored resistance genes blaZ (penicillin), aacA/aphD (gentamicin), and tetM (alone or in combination with tetK, tetracycline). Moreover, all isolates carried the adhesin genes fnbpA, clfA, clfB, cna, sdrE, and map/eap, and most carried sdrC (98.6%), sdrD (95.9%), bbp (94.5%), and ebpS (80.8%). The toxin genes seh, hla, and hld were present in all isolates, and most isolates carried sea (71.2%), seg (84.9%), sei (82.2%), lukE-lukD (97.3%), and hlg (72.6%). These findings of high-level resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in dairy cattle should lead to calls for antibiogram analysis before antimicrobial therapy. The high frequency of adhesin and toxin genes in MRSA indicates their potential virulence in bovine mastitis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Shidong Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Dongan Cui
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xurong Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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Total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides and matrine inhibit auto-inducer 2 in the biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Torres G, Vargas K, Sánchez-Jiménez M, Reyes-Velez J, Olivera-Angel M. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of biofilm production by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Colombian dairy farms. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02535. [PMID: 31667388 PMCID: PMC6812232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilms is an important virulence factor because this has been associated with persistent bovine intramammary infections. Different mechanisms of biofilm formation have been described in S. aureus; however, the process has been found to be mainly driven by the ica and bap genes. The presence of the ica and bap genes, as well as the biofilm formation in vitro were evaluated in 229 S. aureus strains isolated from bovine milk collected from different regions of Department of Antioquia, Colombia. Three different genotypes grouped into three separate clusters were identified from in vitro assays. Genotype 1 (ica positive and bap negative) was the most prevalent (78.17%), followed by genotype 2 (ica and bap positive) (12.66%) and genotype 0 (ica and bap negative) (9.17%). Biofilm formation was observed in 81.26% of the strains from which 100% of genotype 2 isolates showed biofilm formation. The biofilms formed by genotype 2 isolates were also found to have the highest optical density (>2.4). These results showed that most of the S. aureus strains were capable of biofilm formation, suggesting the virulence potential particularly in bap-positive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Torres
- Tropical Medicine Colombian Institute, CES University, Cra. 43A No. 52 sur-99 Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
- Biogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Cra 75 No. 65-87, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - K. Vargas
- Biogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Cra 75 No. 65-87, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - M. Sánchez-Jiménez
- Tropical Medicine Colombian Institute, CES University, Cra. 43A No. 52 sur-99 Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - J. Reyes-Velez
- Biogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Cra 75 No. 65-87, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - M. Olivera-Angel
- Biogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Cra 75 No. 65-87, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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The Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus in Bulk Ready-To-Eat Foods. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100524. [PMID: 31548510 PMCID: PMC6843627 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in 2160 bulk ready-to-eat foods from the Sichuan province of China during 2013-2016 was investigated. The antibiotic resistance and the associated genes, as well as biofilm formation capacity of the S. aureus isolates were measured. Furthermore, the relationship between the antibiotic resistance and the resistant genes was discussed. It was found that 54 S. aureus isolates were recovered, and their prevalence in meat products, dairy, fruit and vegetables, and desserts were 31 (2.6%), six (3.0%), nine (2.2%) and eight (2.3%), respectively. Most strains (52/54) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics, and 21 isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus. Three isolates were found to be methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline and inducible clindamycin resistance were determined as the predominant antibiotics, and the isolates with the phenotypic resistance on these five antibiotics were all determined positive for the resistant gene associated. In total, 33 of 54 S. aureus isolates showed biofilm formation capacity, including two strong biofilm producers, one moderate and 30 weak ones. Two S. aureus isolates with strong biofilm formation abilities showed multi-drug resistance, and one moderate biofilm producer was resistant to two categories of antibiotics.
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Schnitt A, Tenhagen BA. Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Herds: An Update. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 17:585-596. [PMID: 31433237 PMCID: PMC7549011 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In dairy cows, Staphylococcus aureus is a major mastitis pathogen and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been reported from dairy farms around the world. The risk of foodborne zoonotic infections with bovine MRSA strains seems to be low since MRSA prevalence is low in dairy herds and milk is commonly heat treated before consumption. However, bovine mastitis caused by MRSA is an important issue in veterinary medicine since treatment options with non-β-lactam antibiotics are limited. For the development of effective MRSA prevention strategies, it is necessary to know which factors increase the risk for MRSA transmission into and within dairy herds. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the risk factors for the occurrence of MRSA in dairy herds and to identify the respective knowledge gaps. MRSA was more frequently detected in conventional dairy farms than in organic farms and in larger farms than in smaller farms. Dairy farms housing pigs along with cattle are more frequently affected by MRSA. Moreover, humans carrying MRSA can probably infect dairy cows. Consequently, pigs and humans may introduce new MRSA strains into dairy herds. MRSA transmission within dairy herds was associated with improper milking hygiene procedures. Furthermore, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) were repeatedly isolated from dairy farms. This is an important issue since MR-CoNS may transfer resistance genes to S. aureus. The role of antimicrobial exposure as a risk factor for the occurrence of MRSA within dairy herds needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Schnitt
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Qu Y, Zhao H, Nobrega DB, Cobo ER, Han B, Zhao Z, Li S, Li M, Barkema HW, Gao J. Molecular epidemiology and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of Staphylococcus species isolated from Chinese dairy cows with clinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:1571-1583. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Magro G, Rebolini M, Beretta D, Piccinini R. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC22-MRSA-IV as an agent of dairy cow intramammary infections. Vet Microbiol 2018; 227:29-33. [PMID: 30473348 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) lineages have become major responsible of healthcare- and community-associated infections in human population. Bovine MRSA are sporadically detected in the dairy herd, but its presence enhances the risk of zoonosis. Some lineages are able to lose the specific host tropism, being easily transmitted from animals to humans and vice-versa. The present study aims at clarifying the epidemiology of MRSA intramammary infections in a closed dairy herd, which was running a mastitis control program since years. Quarter milk samples were collected from all lactating cows once a week for 9 weeks and bacteriologically tested. At the end of the follow-up period, also a self-taken nasal swab of the milker was analysed. Three cows (12.5%) were MRSA positive, a fourth showed a transient infection and MRSA was isolated also from the milker's nose. Somatic cell counts of infected quarters fluctuated from 1000 to 1,800,000 cells/mL. The isolates were genotyped using DNA microarrays and identified as the epidemic UK-EMRSA-15 grouping in CC22. All strains carried the genes for β-lactam and macrolide resistance. The milker isolate differed from cow isolates mainly for the absence of the untruncated β-haemolysin and the presence of the immune evasion cluster. The milker had been volunteering in a nursing home since months, thus playing the role of MRSA vector into the herd. Our results showed the adaptive capacity of such MRSA to the bovine host. Therefore, we suggest that CC22-MRSA should be regarded as a potential cause of reverse zoonosis in dairy cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Magro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Rebolini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Land, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Beretta
- Allegrini S.p.A, Zootechnics division, Vicolo Salvo D'Acquisto 2, 24050, Grassobbio, Italy
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Sun X, Lin ZW, Hu XX, Yao WM, Bai B, Wang HY, Li DY, Chen Z, Cheng H, Pan WG, Deng MG, Xu GJ, Tu HP, Chen JW, Deng QW, Yu ZJ, Zheng JX. Biofilm formation in erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the relationship with antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:47-53. [PMID: 30118805 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate biofilm formation characteristics in clinical Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates with erythromycin (ERY) resistance from China and further analyze their correlations with antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics. METHODOLOGY A total of 276 clinical isolates of ERY-resistant S. aureus, including 142 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains and 134 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains, were retrospectively collected in China. Biofilms were determined by crystal violet staining and ERY resistance genes (ermA, ermB and ermC) were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Inducible clindamycin resistance was examined by D test and multilocus sequence typing, and clonal complexes (CCs) based on housekeeping genes were further determined. RESULTS The frequency of biofilm formation among ERY-resistant S. aureus was 40.9% (113/276) in total and no significant difference was found for the frequency of biofilm formation between ERY-resistant MRSA and ERY-resistant MSSA (44.4% vs 37.3%, P > 0.05). In ERY-resistant MRSA isolates, the frequency of biofilm formation in ermA-positive, gentamicin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates was higher than that in ermA-negative, gentamicin-sensitive and ciprofloxacin-sensitive isolates, respectively (63.9% vs 23.6%, P < 0.01; 60.3% vs 27.5%, P < 0.01; 65.2% vs 26.3%, P < 0.01). In addition, tetracycline resistance facilitated biofilm formation in both ERY-resistant MRSA and MSSA and the frequency of biofilm formation in CC239- or CC7S. aureus isolates with ERY resistance was significantly higher compared with that in CC59S. aureus (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The ermA gene, and gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistance facilitate biofilm formation in ERY-resistant MRSA isolates and, moreover, ERY-resistant S. aureus isolates with positive biofilm formation exhibited clonality clustering regarding CC239 and CC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China.
| | - Wei-Ming Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Duo-Yun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Wei-Guang Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Ming-Gui Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Guang-Jian Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Hao-Peng Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qi-Wen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
| | - Jin-Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Hibbitts A, O'Leary C. Emerging Nanomedicine Therapies to Counter the Rise of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E321. [PMID: 29473883 PMCID: PMC5849018 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a recent report, the World Health Organisation (WHO) classified antibiotic resistance as one of the greatest threats to global health, food security, and development. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains at the core of this threat, with persistent and resilient strains detectable in up to 90% of S. aureus infections. Unfortunately, there is a lack of novel antibiotics reaching the clinic to address the significant morbidity and mortality that MRSA is responsible for. Recently, nanomedicine strategies have emerged as a promising therapy to combat the rise of MRSA. However, these approaches have been wide-ranging in design, with few attempts to compare studies across scientific and clinical disciplines. This review seeks to reconcile this discrepancy in the literature, with specific focus on the mechanisms of MRSA infection and how they can be exploited by bioactive molecules that are delivered by nanomedicines, in addition to utilisation of the nanomaterials themselves as antibacterial agents. Finally, we discuss targeting MRSA biofilms using nano-patterning technologies and comment on future opportunities and challenges for MRSA treatment using nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hibbitts
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Cian O'Leary
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Wang D, Zhang L, Yong C, Shen M, Ali T, Shahid M, Han K, Zhou X, Han B. Relationships among superantigen toxin gene profiles, genotypes, and pathogenic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4276-4286. [PMID: 28434738 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major etiological agents of bovine mastitis, harboring a wide variety of staphylococcal superantigen (SAg) toxin genes. The SAg toxin genes are reported to be closely associated with the pathogenicity of the Staph. aureus causing the bovine mastitis. This study was conducted to investigate SAg toxin gene profiles and to assess the relationships among SAg toxin genes, genotypes of Staph. aureus, and their pathogenic properties. A total of 327 quarter milk samples were collected from bovine mastitis cases for isolation and identification of pathogens. In total, 35 isolates were identified as Staph. aureus, and the prevalence of Staph. aureus in milk samples was 13.6% (35/256). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays were used to detect the SAg toxin genes and to genotype Staph. aureus strains isolated from milk samples of bovine mastitis in 10 dairy herds located in Ningxia, China, respectively. The results showed that among the Staph. aureus isolates (n = 35), 71.4% (n = 25) of isolates carried at least one SAg toxin gene. In total, 18 SAg genes and 21 different gene combination patterns were detected among these isolates. The most common SAg genes in Staph. aureus isolates were sei, sen, and seu (44.0% each), followed by seo, tst, and etB (28.0% each), etA (24.0%), sem and sep (16.0% each), seb, sec, sed, and sek (12.0% each), and sea and seh genes (8.0% each); the seg, sej, and ser genes were present in 4.0% of the isolates. Three gene combinations were found to be related to mobile genetic elements that carried 2 or more genes. The egc-cluster of the seg-sei-sem-sen-seo genes, located on the pathogenicity island Type I υSaβ, was detected in 16% of isolates. Interestingly, we observed 6 RAPD genotypes (I to VI) in Staph. aureus isolates, and 2 of these genotypes were strongly associated with the severity of bovine mastitis; there was a close relationship between the RAPD genotypes and SAg genes. Isolates of RAPD type III were more frequently associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis, whereas strains of type VI were mostly related to subclinical mastitis. In addition, SAg genes were related to severity of bovine mastitis. We conclude that an obvious relationship exists among RAPD genotypes, SAg toxin genes, and severity of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changfu Yong
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Shapotou District, Zhongwei, Ningxia 755000, China
| | - Mingliang Shen
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Shizuishan, Shizuishan, Ningxia 753000, China
| | - Tariq Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kun Han
- Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xuezhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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