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Ringseis R, Wächter S, Cohrs I, Eder K, Grünberg W. Effect of dietary phosphorus deprivation during the dry period on the liver transcriptome of high-yielding periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5178-5189. [PMID: 38395399 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Although dietary phosphorus (P) deprivation extending from the dry period into early lactation impairs health and productivity of cows, restricting dietary P supply during the dry period not only appears to be innocuous but rather effectively mitigates hypocalcemia during the first wk of lactation. To investigate possible negative metabolic effects of P deprivation during the dry period, the present study tested the hypothesis that restricted dietary P supply during the dry period alters the liver transcriptome of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Thirty late-pregnant multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows entering their second, third, or fourth lactation were assigned to either a dry cow ration with low (LP, 0.16% P in DM) or adequate P content (AP, 0.35% in DM) during the last 4 wk of the dry period (n = 15/group). Liver transcriptomics, which was carried out in a subset of 5 second-parity cows of each group (n = 5), and determination of selected hormones and metabolites in blood of all cows, was performed ∼1 wk before calving and on d 3 postpartum. Liver tissue specimens and blood samples were obtained by a micro-invasive biopsy technique from the right tenth intercostal space and puncture of a jugular vein, respectively. One hundred seventy-five hepatic transcripts were expressed differentially between LP versus AP cows in late pregnancy, and 165 transcripts differed between LP versus AP cows in early lactation (fold change >1.3 and <-1.3, P < 0.05). In late pregnancy, the enriched biological processes of the upregulated and the downregulated transcripts were mainly related to immune processes and signal transduction (P < 0.05), respectively. In early lactation, the enriched biological processes of the upregulated and the downregulated transcripts were involved in mineral transport and biotransformation (P < 0.05), respectively. The plasma concentrations of the hormones and acute-phase proteins (progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, serum amyloid α, haptoglobin, and 17β-estradiol) determined were not affected by P supply. These results suggest that P deprivation during the dry period moderately affects the liver transcriptome of cows in late pregnancy and early lactation, and causes no effects on important plasma hormones and acute-phase proteins indicating no obvious impairment of health or metabolism of the cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sophia Wächter
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - Imke Cohrs
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany; Clinic for Ruminants and Herd Health Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Walter Grünberg
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany; Clinic for Ruminants and Herd Health Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Zhao Y, Zhao H, Li L, Yu S, Liu M, Jiang L. Ceramide on the road to insulin resistance and immunometabolic disorders in transition dairy cows: driver or passenger? Front Immunol 2024; 14:1321597. [PMID: 38274826 PMCID: PMC10808295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows must undergo profound metabolic and endocrine adaptations during their transition period to meet the nutrient requirements of the developing fetus, parturition, and the onset of lactation. Insulin resistance in extrahepatic tissues is a critical component of homeorhetic adaptations in periparturient dairy cows. However, due to increased energy demands at calving that are not followed by a concomitant increase in dry matter intake, body stores are mobilized, and the risk of metabolic disorders dramatically increases. Sphingolipid ceramides involved in multiple vital biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Three typical pathways generate ceramide, and many factors contribute to its production as part of the cell's stress response. Based on lipidomic profiling, there has generally been an association between increased ceramide content and various disease outcomes in rodents. Emerging evidence shows that ceramides might play crucial roles in the adaptive metabolic alterations accompanying the initiation of lactation in dairy cows. A series of studies also revealed a negative association between circulating ceramides and systemic insulin sensitivity in dairy cows experiencing severe negative energy balance. Whether ceramide acts as a driver or passenger in the metabolic stress of periparturient dairy cows is an unknown but exciting topic. In the present review, we discuss the potential roles of ceramides in various metabolic dysfunctions and the impacts of their perturbations. We also discuss how this novel class of bioactive sphingolipids has drawn interest in extrahepatic tissue insulin resistance and immunometabolic disorders in transition dairy cows. We also discuss the possible use of ceramide as a new biomarker for predicting metabolic diseases in cows and highlight the remaining problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Gao ST, Girma DD, Bionaz M, Ma L, Bu DP. Hepatic transcriptomic adaptation from prepartum to postpartum in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1053-1072. [PMID: 33189277 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The transition from pregnancy to lactation is the most challenging period for high-producing dairy cows. The liver plays a key role in biological adaptation during the peripartum. Prior works have demonstrated that hepatic glucose synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, lipogenesis, and inflammatory response are increased or activated during the peripartum in dairy cows; however, those works were limited by a low number of animals used or by the use of microarray technology, or both. To overcome such limitations, an RNA sequencing analysis was performed on liver biopsies from 20 Holstein cows at 7 ± 5d before (Pre-P) and 16 ± 2d after calving (Post-P). We found 1,475 upregulated and 1,199 downregulated differently expressed genes (DEG) with a false discovery rate adjusted P-value < 0.01 between Pre-P and Post-P. Bioinformatic analysis revealed an activation of the metabolism, especially lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism, with increased importance of the mitochondria and a key role of several signaling pathways, chiefly peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) and adipocytokines signaling. Fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis, with a likely increase in amino acid utilization to produce glucose, were among the most important functions revealed by the transcriptomic adaptation to lactation in the liver. Although gluconeogenesis was induced, data indicated decrease in expression of glucose transporters. The analysis also revealed high activation of cell proliferation but inhibition of xenobiotic metabolism, likely due to the liver response to inflammatory-like conditions. Co-expression network analysis disclosed a tight connection and coordination among genes driving biological processes associated with protein synthesis, energy and lipid metabolism, and cell proliferation. Our data confirmed the importance of metabolic adaptation to lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver of early Post-P cows, with a pivotal role of PPAR and adipocytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - D D Girma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - M Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - L Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - D P Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Chen M, Loor JJ, Zhai Q, Liang Y, Yu H, Du X, Shen T, Fang Z, Shi Z, Wang X, Zhu Y, Song Y, Liu G, Li X, Wang Z, Li X. Short communication: Enhanced autophagy activity in liver tissue of dairy cows with mild fatty liver. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3628-3635. [PMID: 32037170 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
During the transition period, dairy cows are challenged by increased energy demands and decreased dry matter intake, which can induce a variety of metabolic disorders, especially fatty liver. Dairy cows suffering from mild or moderate fatty liver in this period show no distinct clinical symptoms, indicating the occurrence of adaptive processes. The process of autophagy (an adaptive response) leads to degradation of intracellular components to generate energy and maintains cellular homeostasis during negative nutrient status. Whether autophagy is involved in metabolic adaptations of the pathological course of mild fatty liver is unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine hepatic autophagy status in dairy cows with mild fatty liver. Liver samples were collected from healthy cows (n = 15), defined as having hepatic triglyceride (TG) content <1% on a wet weight basis, and cows with mild fatty liver (n = 15), defined as having hepatic TG content between 1 and 5%. The abundance of the ubiquitinated proteins, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3, also called LC3-II) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also called p62) was lower, whereas the mRNA abundance of MAP1LC3 and SQSTM1 was greater in cows with mild fatty liver. The hepatic mRNA abundance of autophagy-related (ATG) genes ATG5 and ATG7 was greater in response to fatty liver. However, the protein abundance of ATG5 and ATG7 did not differ between healthy and mild fatty liver cows. Together, these data indicate that the formation and degradation of autophagosomes is enhanced in the liver of cows with mild fatty liver. Besides, these results are conducive to define the adaptation mechanisms of dairy cows during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Qian Zhai
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Taiyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
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