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Sguizzato ALL, Guimarães SEF, Santos GM, Santos EF, Marcondes MI. Is bovine somatotropin an alternative strategy to overcome the detrimental effects of high-gain diets on prepubertal Holstein × Gyr heifers? PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300728. [PMID: 38683862 PMCID: PMC11057732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Feeding high-gain diets and an inadequate energy and protein ratio during pre-puberty may lead to impaired growth and mammary gland development of heifers. Thus, frequent application of bovine somatotropin (bST) may prevent future losses in productivity, improve mammary development and animal performance. We aimed to evaluate the effects of bST on digestibility, performance, blood metabolites, mammary gland development, and carcass composition of high-performance prepubertal Holstein × Gyr heifers. Thirty-four Holstein × Gyr heifers with an average initial body weight of 218 ± 49 kg and 14 ± 4 months of age were submitted to an 84-day trial evaluating the effects of no bST or bST injections. Treatments were randomly assigned to each animal within one of the tree blocks. The bST did not influence digestibility or performance parameters. Regarding blood results, IGF1 concentration presented an interaction between treatment and day, where bST heifers had the highest IGF1 concentration. Heifers receiving bST also showed increased ribeye area; however, only an experimental day effect for backfat thickness was observed, with greater accumulation of carcass fat on day 84. Heifers receiving bST had lower pixels/mm² on parenchyma, characteristic of greater parenchymal tissue. Moreover, heifers on bST treatment also had reduced pixels/mm2, characteristic of reduced fat pad tissue. Lastly, bST injections did not influence liver and muscle gene expression, nor most genes evaluated in mammary gland tissue, except for IGFBP3 expression, which was greater for bST heifers. In summary, we confirm the efficacy of bST injections to overcome the detrimental effects of high-gain diets on mammary gland growth and to improve lean carcass gain of prepubertal Holstein × Gyr heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Inácio Marcondes
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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Fonseca PAS, Suárez-Vega A, Esteban-Blanco C, Pelayo R, Marina H, Gutiérrez-Gil B, Arranz JJ. Epigenetic regulation of functional candidate genes for milk production traits in dairy sheep subjected to protein restriction in the prepubertal stage. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:511. [PMID: 37658326 PMCID: PMC10472666 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the prepubertal stage is a crucial point for the proper development of the mammary gland and milk production, this study aims to evaluate how protein restriction at this stage can affect methylation marks in milk somatic cells. Here, 28 Assaf ewes were subjected to 42.3% nutritional protein restriction (14 animals, NPR) or fed standard diets (14 animals, C) during the prepubertal stage. During the second lactation, the milk somatic cells of these ewes were sampled, and the extracted DNA was subjected to whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS A total of 1154 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between the NPR and C groups. Indeed, the results of functional enrichment analyses of the genes harboring these DMRs suggested their relevant effects on the development of the mammary gland and lipid metabolism in sheep. The additional analysis of the correlations of the mean methylation levels within these DMRs with fat, protein, and dry extract percentages in the milk and milk somatic cell counts suggested associations between several DMRs and milk production traits. However, there were no phenotypic differences in these traits between the NPR and C groups. CONCLUSION In light of the above, the results obtained in the current study might suggest potential candidate genes for the regulation of milk production traits in the sheep mammary gland. Further studies focusing on elucidating the genetic mechanisms affected by the identified DMRs may help to better understand the biological mechanisms modified in the mammary gland of dairy sheep as a response to nutritional challenges and their potential effects on milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. S. Fonseca
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - A. Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - C. Esteban-Blanco
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - R. Pelayo
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - H. Marina
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - B. Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - J. J. Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
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Buryakov NP, Aleshin DE, Buryakova MA, Zaikina AS, Medvedev IK, Zemyachkovskaya DA, Laptev GY, Ilina LA, El Sheikh AI, Fathala MM, Sahwan FM. An Investigation on the Effects of Partial Replacement of Rapeseed Cake in Ayrshire Dairy Heifers' Diets with By-Product Source of Animal Protein on Body Weight Dynamics, Nutrient Balancing, and Blood Biochemical Markers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1856. [PMID: 37889774 PMCID: PMC10251835 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the secondary use of by-products of the processing industry resulting from the production of poultry meat, which can be included in animal diets, has become a popular topic in the feed industry. For studying the effects of partial replacement of rapeseed cake (RC) with the by-product source of animal protein concentrate Agro-Matic (PCAM) on growth dynamics, nutrient absorption and nitrogen balance, as well as blood biochemical parameters during the growing period, a total of 48 Russian Ayrshire dairy heifers were selected for this experiment and they were divided into three experimental groups (16 in each group, including the control group). The heifers of the control group were fed the basal diet which contained rapeseed cake (30%), while the second (RC + PCAM) and third groups (PCAM + RC) were fed the basal diet after replacing a part of the rapeseed cake with 2.25% and 4.5% of protein concentrate Agro-Matic respectively. The results showed that the weight of heifers treated with PCAM at 3 months of age exceeded the control by 2.3 kg (p > 0.05) in group 2 by 4.4 kg (p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained at the age of 6 months of raising. Feeding 4.50% protein concentrate Agro-Matic has a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients; in particular, there was a significant increase in the digestibility of crude protein in the PCAM + RC group (77.23 vs. 73.42%) compared with the control group. Moreover, a similar trend was found in the digestibility of nitrogen in the diet. At the age of 3 months, heifers showed a significant decrease in the concentration of ketone bodies in the second group (1.82 vs. 2.20 mmol/L) relative to the control group. Urea was significantly lower in the RC + PCAM group (5.05 vs. 6.62 mmol/L) relative to the PCAM + RC group, while acid capacity (alkaline reserve) was higher by 2.41% (p < 0.05) relative to the control. In the 10th month of age, a positive effect on the blood of heifers was observed, as in the second and the third experimental groups, β-globulin and phosphorus increased (p < 0.05), while in the second group aspartate aminotransferase decreased (p < 0.05). Consequently, replacing the rapeseed cake with the protein concentrate Agro-Matic revealed an improvement in the dynamics of growth, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance, and it has an effect on improving some biochemical parameters of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai P. Buryakov
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E. Aleshin
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Maria A. Buryakova
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
- Department of Physiology, Ecology and Biochemistry of Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S. Zaikina
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Ivan K. Medvedev
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Darya A. Zemyachkovskaya
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
- Limited Liability Company A-1 First Genetic Company, Mironovskaya 33, p. 11, Moscow 105187, Russia
| | - Georgy Y. Laptev
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, BIOTROF+ Ltd., Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196650, Russia
- Department of Large Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196601, Russia
| | - Larisa A. Ilina
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, BIOTROF+ Ltd., Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196650, Russia
- Department of Large Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196601, Russia
| | - Ahmed I. El Sheikh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Fathala
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
- Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Bab Sharqi 5424041, Egypt
| | - Ferial M. Sahwan
- Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Bab Sharqi 5424041, Egypt
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Effects of rumen undegradable protein sources on nitrous oxide, methane and ammonia emission from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9166. [PMID: 35655074 PMCID: PMC9163071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of sources of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) in diets on methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle were evaluated. We hypothesized that the use of different RUP sources in diets would reduce N loss via urine and contribute to reduced N2O, CH4 and NH3 emissions to the environment. Nellore cattle received different diets (18 animals/treatment), including soybean meal (SM, RDP source), by-pass soybean meal (BSM, RUP source) and corn gluten meal (CGM, RUP source). The protein source did not affect the N and C concentration in urine, C concentration in feces, and N balance (P > 0.05). The RUP sources resulted in a higher N2O emission than the RDP source (P = 0.030), while BSM resulted in a higher N2O emission than CGM (P = 0.038) (SM = 633, BSM = 2521, and CGM = 1153 g ha−2 N–N2O); however, there were no differences in CH4 and NH3 emission (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of RUP in diets did not affect N excretion of beef cattle or CH4 and NH3 emission from manure, but increased N2O emission from the manure.
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Buryakov N, Aleshin D, Buryakova M, Zaikina A, Nasr M, Nassan M, Fathala M. Productive Performance and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Dairy Cows Fed Different Levels of High-Protein Concentrate. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852240. [PMID: 35478605 PMCID: PMC9036063 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the productive traits and some blood biochemical parameters of high-yielding Ayrshire dairy cows fed at different levels of Agro-Matic@LLC NGO, Russia (Agro-Matic (AM)) protein concentrate. A total of 45 high-yielding Ayrshire cows were selected and divided into three groups, each 15. The control group (0AM) fed the basal ration, while group two (1AM) and group three (2AM) fed a basal ration by replacing sunflower cake with different levels of AM (1 and 1.5 kg/head/day), respectively. Milk and blood samples were collected. The current results revealed that the ratio of rumen undegradable protein to rumen degradable protein during the period of lactation was significantly higher in the 1AM and 2AM compared with 0AM and represented (55.04, 62.14, and 41.73%), respectively. The 1AM had a beneficial effect on the digestibility of crude protein. Daily and whole fat-corrected milk (FCM 4 %) was significantly increased by 3 kg/day and 987 kg/entire lactation in 2AM when compared with 0AM, respectively. Blood total protein was significantly higher in the 1AM group (86.9 vs. 77.8 g/l) than the 0AM, while AM decreased urea concentration. Consequently, the inclusions of AM protein concentrate have a positive impact on increasing milk production and optimizing the rations in terms of the amount of non-digestible protein and the economic efficiency of milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Buryakov
- Department of Animal Feeding, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy', Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Aleshin
- Department of Animal Feeding, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy', Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Buryakova
- Department of Animal Feeding, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy', Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasya Zaikina
- Department of Animal Feeding, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy', Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammed Nasr
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Nasr ;
| | - Mohamed Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fathala
- Department of Animal Feeding, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy', Moscow, Russia
- Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Busanello M, Sousa DG, Poczynek M, de Almeida R, Bittar CM, Mendonça FA, Lanna DP. Body growth of replacement dairy heifers from 3 distinct genetic groups from commercial Brazilian dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3222-3233. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Busanello M, de Sousa DG, Mendonça FAC, Daley VL, de Almeida R, Bittar CMM, Lanna DPD. Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113181. [PMID: 34827913 PMCID: PMC8614301 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several models for predicting dry matter intake (DMI) of replacement dairy heifers have been developed; however, only a few have been evaluated using data from heifers of different breeds raised under tropical conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the DMI equations for dairy heifers managed under tropical conditions. A total of 230 treatment means from 61 studies using dairy heifers (n = 1513 heifers, average body weight = 246 kg) were used. The animals were grouped into two groups based on their genetics: (1) Bos taurus (Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Holstein × Jersey) and (2) crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus). Seven previously published DMI equations (HH, HHJ, QUI, STA, 2001 NRC, OFLin, and OFNLin) for heifers were evaluated using mean bias, slope bias, mean squared prediction errors (MSPE) and its decomposition, and other model evaluation statistics. For Bos taurus heifers, our results indicated that OFNLin and HHJ had lower mean bias (0.13 and 0.16 kg/d, respectively) than other models. There was no significant slope or mean bias for HHJ and OFNLin (p > 0.05), indicating agreement between the observed and predicted DMI values. All other models had a significant mean bias (p < 0.05), whereas the QUI model also presented a significant slope bias (p < 0.02). For crossbred heifers, the STA equation was the only one that did not present mean and slope bias significance (p > 0.05). All other DMI models had significant mean bias when evaluated using crossbred data (p < 0.04), and QUI, OFLin, and OFNLin also presented significant slope bias (p < 0.01). Based on our results, predictions from OFNLin and HHJ best represented the observed DMI of Bos taurus heifers (MSPE ≤ 1.25 kg2/d2, mean bias ≤ 0.16 kg/d), whereas STA was the best model for crossbred heifers (MSPE = 1.25 kg2/d2, mean bias = 0.09 kg/d). These findings indicate that not all available models are adequate for estimating the DMI of dairy heifers managed under a tropical climate, with HHJ and OFNLin for Bos taurus and STA for crossbreds being the most suitable models for DMI prediction. There is evidence that models from Bos taurus heifers could be used to estimate the DMI of heifers under tropical conditions. For heifer ration formulation is necessary to consider that DMI is influenced by breed, diet, management, and climate. Future work should also include animal genetic and environmental variables for the prediction of DMI in dairy heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Busanello
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”/University of São Paulo—ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (F.A.C.M.); (C.M.M.B.); (D.P.D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-559-9709-0792
| | - Debora Gomes de Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”/University of São Paulo—ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (F.A.C.M.); (C.M.M.B.); (D.P.D.L.)
| | - Filipe Araújo Canedo Mendonça
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”/University of São Paulo—ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (F.A.C.M.); (C.M.M.B.); (D.P.D.L.)
| | | | - Rodrigo de Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil;
| | - Carla Maris Machado Bittar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”/University of São Paulo—ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (F.A.C.M.); (C.M.M.B.); (D.P.D.L.)
| | - Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”/University of São Paulo—ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (F.A.C.M.); (C.M.M.B.); (D.P.D.L.)
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Silva AL, DeVries TJ, Fernandes EC, Marcondes MI. Short communication: Development and evaluation of equations to predict growth of Holstein dairy heifers in a tropical climate. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:525-531. [PMID: 33162083 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and validate equations for estimating growth of dairy heifers using measures of withers height, body weight (BW), and age. Measures of BW and withers height of 207 Holstein heifers raised in a tropical climate were taken from birth to calving, totaling to 2,047 observations. To be included in the database, the heifer had to have at least 4 measures recorded. After that, 4 models were built and evaluated as follows: (1) a linear model of BW as function of age (BW~A), (2) a linear model of the BW-to-height ratio as function of age (BW:H~A), (3) a quadratic model, adjusted for a defined plateau, to describe height as function of age (H~A), and (4) an exponential growth model of BW as function of height (BW~H). A cross-validation procedure was performed to evaluate accuracy and precision of the models. The linear relationship of BW~A and BW:H~A were estimated, respectively, by the equations: BW = 42.65 + 0.62 × A and BW:H = 0.70 + 0.0041 × A, where BW is in kilograms, BW:H = BW-to-height ratio (kg/cm), and A = age (d). Using the quadratic plateau for the model H~A, a critical "x" value of ~806 d and a height plateau of 138.6 cm were identified. Therefore, the following equations for estimating the height of animals younger and older than 806 d, respectively, were developed: H = 78.15 + 0.150 × A - 0.00009 × A2 and H = 78.15 + 0.150 × cvx - 0.00009 × cvx2, where H = height (cm) and cvx = 806 (critical "x" value; given in days). Additionally, the exponential model of W~H was estimated by the following equation: BW = 4.25 × exp(0.034 ×H), where BW is in kilograms and H = height (cm). A cross validation demonstrated that all equations had very high accuracy and precision. Overall, these models demonstrated that BW and BW-to-height ratio increase linearly as a function of age, while BW follows an exponential growth pattern as a function of height. Additionally, the H~A model predicted that heifers achieve a maximum height of 138.6 cm at 806 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Silva
- Department of Animal Production, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil; Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E C Fernandes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, 69980-000 Brazil
| | - M I Marcondes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
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Corea E, Castro-Montoya J, Mendoza M, López F, Martinez A, Alvarado M, Moreno C, Broderick G, Dickhoefer U. Effect of forage source and dietary rumen-undegradable protein on nutrient use and growth in dairy heifers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Machado AF, Guimarães SEF, Guimarães JD, Santos GM, Silva AL, Silva YFRS, Lollobrigida Netto DS, Correa PVF, Marcondes MI. Effect of protein supplement level on the productive and reproductive parameters of replacement heifers managed in intensive grazing systems. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239786. [PMID: 33027259 PMCID: PMC7540841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluations of replacement heifers in intensively managed grazing systems in tropical conditions are warranted. Thus, we aimed to evaluate performance, muscle and mammary gland development, oocyte quality, and in vitro production of embryos of crossbred heifers grazing an intensively managed pasture and supplemented with high or low protein concentrates. Eighteen pubertal crossbred heifers (Holstein x Gyr) with an initial weight of 350 ± 8.0 kg were used in a 60-day trial. Two supplement types, 12% crude protein (CP) (S12CP) or 24% CP (S24CP), and a control treatment (mineral mixture, CON) were randomly distributed to the heifers. Throughout the experiment, four digestibility trials were performed over four consecutive days. Four ovarium pick-ups were performed to evaluate oocyte quality and in vitro embryo production. Lastly, ultrasounds of carcasses and mammary glands were performed. The intakes of dry matter (DM), digestible energy (DE), and CP were greater for supplemented (SUP) compared with CON heifers. The SUP heifers had a greater average daily gain (ADG) (645 versus 390 g/d) and rib eye area (58.78 versus 53.32 cm2) than the CON heifers. Oocyte recovery, quality, and follicle features were not affected by supplementation strategy. However, the cleavage rate (47.17% versus 30.31%) and blastocyst rate (27.91% versus 10.12%) were negatively affected by supplementation. The S12CP presented a blastocyst rate much lower than the S24CP (3.02% versus 17.23%). Carcass ultrasonography indicated a trend for greater rib eye area for S24CP and mammary ultrasonography indicated no effects of supplementation on mammary gland development. In summary, supplementation seems to be an appropriate strategy for satisfactory performance, with greater muscle deposition and no negative impacts on mammary gland development. However, in vitro embryo production was impaired when the animals received the supplementation with 12% CP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Domingos Guimarães
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Lopes Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Inácio Marcondes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Pormalekshahi A, Fatahnia F, Jafari H, Azarfar A, Varmaghany S, Taasoli G. Interaction of dietary rumen undegradable protein level and supplemental rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid on performance of growing goat kids. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang J, Ye J, Yuan C, Fu Q, Zhang F, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Wang S, Liu Q, Jiang Q. Hydrogen sulfide is a regulator of mammary gland development in prepubescent female mice. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4061-4069. [PMID: 33000185 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous H2S on mammary gland development in pubescent mice and to explore the underlying mechanism. The mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11, along with C57BL/6J mice, were treated with different concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), which is a donor of H2S. The HC11 cell viability, pubescent mammary gland development, and the involvement of proliferative proteins and pathways were assessed by CCK‑8 assay, EdU assay, whole mount staining, H&E staining, western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Both in vitro and in vivo, a low concentration of NaHS (100 µM in vitro; 9 mg/kg in vivo) significantly promoted the viability of HC11 cells and the development of mammary glands by increasing the expression of the proliferative markers cyclin D1/3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. However, a high concentration of NaHS (1,000 µM in vitro; 18 mg/kg in vivo) inhibited HC11 cell viability, mammary gland development and the expression levels of proteins involved in proliferation. Subsequent experiments revealed that NaHS regulated the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)‑mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway during this process. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of low concentration NaHS (9 mg/kg) activated the PI3K/Akt‑mTOR pathway in mammary glands of pubescent mice, increased the secretion of insulin‑like growth factor 1 (IGF‑1) and estradiol (E2), and then stimulated mammary gland ductal development. Whereas a high concentration of NaHS (18 mg/kg) elicited the opposite effects to those of low‑dose NaHS. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that exogenous H2S supplied by NaHS may exert bidirectional effects on mammary gland ductal development; promoting ductal development at a low concentration and inhibiting it at a high concentration. The effects of H2S may occur via the intracellular PI3K/Akt‑mTOR signaling pathway, or by regulation of the secretion of IGF‑1 and E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
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Reducing protein content in the diet of growing goats: implications for nitrogen balance, intestinal nutrient digestion and absorption, and rumen microbiota. Animal 2020; 14:2063-2073. [PMID: 32381142 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing dietary CP content is an effective approach to reduce animal nitrogen excretion and save protein feed resources. However, it is not clear how reducing dietary CP content affects the nutrient digestion and absorption in the gut of ruminants, therefore it is difficult to accurately determine how much reduction in dietary CP content is appropriate. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of reduced dietary CP content on N balance, intestinal nutrient digestion and absorption, and rumen microbiota in growing goats. To determine N balance, 18 growing wether goats (25.0 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three diets: 13.0% (control), 11.5% and 10.0% CP. Another 18 growing wether goats (25.0 ± 0.5 kg) were surgically fitted with ruminal, proximate duodenal, and terminal ileal fistulae and were randomly assigned to one of the three diets to investigate intestinal amino acid (AA) absorption and rumen microbiota. The results showed that fecal and urinary N excretion of goats fed diets containing 11.5% and 10.0% CP were lower than those of goats fed the control diet (P < 0.05). When compared with goats fed the control diet, N retention was decreased and apparent N digestibility in the entire gastrointestinal tract was increased in goats fed the 10% CP diet (P < 0.05). When compared with goats fed the control diet, the duodenal flow of lysine, tryptophan and phenylalanine was decreased in goats fed the 11.5% CP diet (P < 0.05) and that of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, essential AAs (EAAs) and total AAs (TAAs) was decreased in goats fed the 10.0% CP diet (P < 0.05). When compared with goats fed the control diet, the apparent absorption of TAAs in the small intestine was increased in goats fed the 11.5% CP diet (P < 0.05) and that of isoleucine, serine, cysteine, EAAs, non-essential AAs, and TAAs in the small intestine was increased in goats fed the 10.0% CP diet (P < 0.05). When compared with goats fed the control diet, the relative richness of Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres was increased and that of Proteobacteria and Synergistetes was decreased in the rumen of goats fed a diet with 10.0% CP. In conclusion, reducing dietary CP content reduced N excretion and increased nutrient utilization by improving rumen fermentation, enhancing nutrient digestion and absorption, and altering rumen microbiota in growing goats.
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Interaction effect of ruminal undegradable protein level and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inclusion in the diet of growing goat kids on meat CLA content and quality traits. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:745-754. [PMID: 31006392 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP) level and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (rpCLA) on meat fatty acid (FA) profile, chemical compositions and colour parameters of growing kids. Thirty-two Kurdish goat kids (13·06 ± 1·08 kg body weight) were fed diets differing in RUP level (low = 250 v. high = 350 g/kg of dietary crude protein) supplemented either with 15 g/kg of rpCLA or 12 g/kg of hydrogenated soyabean oil (HSO) for 80 d. Interaction of dietary rpCLA and RUP level had no effect on hot carcass weight, dressing and cut percentage, and meat chemical composition and colour parameters. Meat total SFA, MUFA and PUFA concentrations were not influenced by experimental diets, whereas kids fed diets supplemented with rpCLA had lower meat total SFA and higher PUFA concentrations compared with those fed diets supplemented with HSO. The concentration of meat trans-11-8 : 1 was not influenced by rpCLA supplementation, RUP level and their interaction. Kids fed diets containing rpCLA supplementation had higher meat total CLA and cis-9, trans-11-CLA and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers compared with those fed diets containing HSO supplementation. Desaturase indexes of C14, C16 and C18 were not influenced by rpCLA supplementation, RUP level and their interaction. It is concluded that supplementing growing kids' diets with RUP and 15 g/kg of rpCLA not only decreased meat fat content but also increased some FA considered to be of potential benefit to human health.
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Silva AL, Detmann E, Rennó LN, Pedroso AM, Fontes MM, Morais VC, Sguizzato AL, Abreu MB, Rotta PP, Marcondes MI. Effects of rumen undegradable protein on intake, digestibility and rumen kinetics and fermentation characteristics of dairy heifers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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